Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families最新文献_第2页

Parent–child interactions in the development of self-care among adolescents with chronic illness in Japan: A grounded theory approach 日本慢性疾病青少年自我照顾发展中的亲子互动：一个扎根的理论方法。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.02.002

Minae Fukui , Junko Honda , Chiemi Taru , Yushi Hirota , Hiroyuki Awano , Ikuko Miyawaki

Purpose

We aimed to clarify how parent–child interactions influence the development of self-care among adolescents with chronic illnesses in Japan.

Methods

Eleven adolescent–guardian pairs were recruited from two hospitals in Japan. Adolescents, aged 16–24 years, were diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome or type 1 diabetes and were accompanied by one guardian. All participants were receiving treatment or outpatient follow-up care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using grounded theory procedures described by Strauss and Corbin.

Results

Three major interactional processes and one sub-process- (1) Parent-Led Self-Care, (2) Challenges and Experimentation toward Autonomy, and (3) Realization of Self-Care Transition- and one sub-process, (2a) Disengaged Interaction under Attribution, were identified, underscoring the emotional functions within the parent–child subsystem. The findings revealed conflicts typical of adolescence—particularly within Interactional Process 2 and Sub-Interactional Process 2a—linked to poor disease control often seen during this developmental stage, as well as trial-and-error strategies of the parents to address these issues.

Conclusions

The results indicate that interventions for adolescents with chronic illnesses should consider the parent–child subsystem as a unit and strengthen emotional support for both parties. Such strategies may be beneficial across varied cultural and clinical contexts.

Implications to practice

Nurses can attend not only to adolescent patients but also to adolescent–guardian interactions, and guide guardians in adjusting their involvement according to adolescents' self-care development. Furthermore, nurses may support adolescents' emotional needs in collaboration with guardians, particularly during periods when emotional support is challenging.

目的：我们旨在阐明亲子互动如何影响日本慢性疾病青少年自我照顾的发展。方法：从日本两家医院招募11对青少年监护人。16-24岁的青少年，诊断为肾病综合征或1型糖尿病，由一名监护人陪同。所有参与者均接受治疗或门诊随访护理。进行了半结构化访谈，并使用Strauss和Corbin描述的扎根理论程序分析数据。结果：发现了三个主要互动过程和一个子过程(1)父母主导的自我照顾、（2)自主性的挑战和实验、(3)自我照顾过渡的实现）以及一个子过程（2a）归因下的脱离互动，强调了亲子子系统中的情感功能。研究结果揭示了青春期典型的冲突——特别是在相互作用过程2和子相互作用过程2中——与这一发育阶段常见的疾病控制不良有关，以及父母解决这些问题的反复试验策略。结论：慢性疾病青少年的干预应以亲子子系统为单位，加强双方的情感支持。这种策略在不同的文化和临床背景下可能是有益的。对实践的启示：护士不仅可以关注青少年患者，还可以关注青少年与监护人的互动，指导监护人根据青少年自我照顾的发展调整其参与。此外，护士可以与监护人合作支持青少年的情感需求，特别是在情感支持具有挑战性的时期。

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引用次数: 0

The hospital patient journey experience from adolescents' perspective: a multimethod study 青少年视角下的医院病患旅程体验：多方法研究。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.045

Stefano Maiandi , Raffaella Gualandi , Anna De Benedictis , Noemi Gulotta , Giada Zottarel , Roberta Giacchero , Chiara Cibra , Dhurata Ivziku , Daniela Tartaglini

Introduction

The patient's perspective is considered a key element in the design of quality healthcare services and a driver of organizational improvement. The experience along the hospital journey may vary by patient age—particularly for adolescents—for whom the literature remains limited. This study aims to investigate whether the experience captured from the adolescent perspective has different or novel attributes compared with adults, identifying and exploring the variables that characterize adolescents' experiences during hospitalization.

Methods

A two-phase, multi-method qualitative study was conducted. In phase one, adolescents were shadowed from admission through discharge to identify the most salient aspects and emotions experienced along the hospital journey. In phase two, semi-structured interviews were conducted to describe adolescents' hospitalization experience.

Results

Six patients and six parents hospitalized for appendicitis participated in phase one. The adolescent hospital journey unfolds in four main phases—admission, surgery, postoperative phase, and discharge—with 11 subsequent steps. During the journey, adolescents encountered on average three professional profiles (nurses, physicians, support staff), with a daily mean of 14.4 interactions. In total, four adolescents, four parents, four physicians, and four nurses were interviewed. Boredom emerged as a distinctive feature of adolescents' hospitalization experience.

Conclusions

The analysis of adolescents' hospitalization experiences highlights new factors that should be considered essential and distinctive components of the patient experience.

Implications to practice

The findings highlight the need for adolescent-specific communication and relational strategies to address emotional distress during hospitalization. Simple organizational interventions may improve adolescents' hospital experiences and support more patient-centered pediatric care.

简介：患者的观点被认为是设计优质医疗保健服务的关键因素，也是组织改进的驱动因素。住院期间的经历可能因患者年龄而异——尤其是青少年——关于他们的文献仍然有限。本研究旨在探讨从青少年角度捕获的经验是否与成人相比具有不同或新颖的属性，识别和探索表征青少年住院期间经验的变量。方法：采用两期、多方法进行定性研究。在第一阶段，青少年从入院到出院都被跟踪，以确定医院旅程中最显著的方面和情绪。在第二阶段，进行半结构化访谈来描述青少年的住院经历。结果：6名因阑尾炎住院的患者和6名家长参加了一期研究。青少年的住院之旅分为四个主要阶段——入院、手术、术后和出院——以及随后的11个步骤。在旅途中，青少年平均遇到三种专业概况（护士、医生、支持人员），平均每天有14.4次互动。共采访了4名青少年、4名家长、4名医生和4名护士。无聊成为青少年住院经历的一个显著特征。结论：对青少年住院经历的分析突出了一些新的因素，这些因素应该被认为是患者经历的基本和独特的组成部分。对实践的启示：研究结果强调需要针对青少年的沟通和关系策略来解决住院期间的情绪困扰。简单的组织干预可以改善青少年的医院体验，并支持更多以患者为中心的儿科护理。

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引用次数: 0

Translational research - Living with chronic conditions and/or special needs: Empowering parent caregivers to improve coping and quality of life. 转化研究-慢性疾病和/或特殊需要的生活：赋予父母照顾者改善应对和生活质量的能力。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.02.001

Becky J Christian

引用次数: 0

Hypothyroidism associated with anti-epileptic medications: Two case reports. 甲状腺功能减退与抗癫痫药物：两例报告。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.037

Ashley Dingmann

Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are often the first-line treatment implemented to manage epilepsy (Epilepsy Foundation, 2023). While it is unknown the exact mechanism by which different AEDs impact thyroid hormones, studies have shown that patients on AEDs should have thyroid hormone levels monitored due to possible disruption. This is a case report of two pediatric patients who were referred to the endocrinology clinic for different reasons: one for bone health and one for signs of early puberty. Both patients had been on AEDs for several years when an endocrinology evaluation showed an abnormality in their thyroid hormone levels.

抗癫痫药物（AEDs）通常是治疗癫痫的一线治疗方法（epilepsy Foundation, 2023）。虽然不同的aed影响甲状腺激素的确切机制尚不清楚，但研究表明，由于可能受到干扰，使用aed的患者应监测甲状腺激素水平。这是一个病例报告的两个儿科患者谁被转介到内分泌门诊不同的原因：一个是骨骼健康和一个是早熟的迹象。两位患者在使用aed数年后，内分泌学评估显示他们的甲状腺激素水平异常。

引用次数: 0

The effect of abdominal massage on gastrointestinal complications in enterally fed pediatric intensive care patients 腹部按摩对肠内喂养儿童重症患者胃肠道并发症的影响。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.041

Engin Turan PhD, RN , Aynur Erkal Şimşek RN

Background and purpose

Although the physiological response to enteral nutrition is high in children, it also carries risks and complications. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of abdominal massage on gastrointestinal complications in mechanically ventilated, enterally fed children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Materials and methods

The sample of this controlled experimental study consisted of 38 patients in the experimental group and 38 in the control group, all of whom were receiving enteral nutrition via mechanical ventilation in a pediatric intensive care unit. The experimental group received abdominal massage once daily for three consecutive days.

Results

A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of abdominal distension, defecation, development of constipation, daily caloric intake, and gastric residual volume. However, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the occurrence and frequency of vomiting. A significant difference was identified in the experimental group concerning abdominal distension and frequency of defecation, whereas in the control group, significant differences were found in constipation, daily caloric intake, gastric residual volume, and fasting blood glucose measurements.

Conclusion

Abdominal massage applied to patients in the pediatric intensive care unit was found to be potentially effective in reducing abdominal distension, increasing the frequency of defecation, decreasing the incidence of constipation, enhancing daily caloric intake, and lowering gastric residual volume levels.

Implications to practice

Abdominal massage is a safe, noninvasive, cost-free nursing practice that helps prevent or reduce gastrointestinal complications in pediatric intensive care patients.

背景与目的：虽然儿童对肠内营养的生理反应高，但也存在风险和并发症。本研究旨在探讨腹部按摩对小儿重症监护室机械通气肠内喂养患儿胃肠道并发症的影响。材料与方法：本对照实验研究的样本为试验组38例，对照组38例，均为在某儿科重症监护室经机械通气接受肠内营养的患者。实验组患者给予腹部按摩，每日1次，连续3天。结果：两组患者在腹胀、排便、便秘情况、日热量摄入、胃残量等方面均有显著差异。然而，在呕吐的发生和频率方面，两组之间没有明显差异。实验组在腹胀和排便频率方面存在显著差异，而对照组在便秘、每日热量摄入、胃残余体积和空腹血糖测量方面存在显著差异。结论：腹部按摩对小儿重症监护室患者具有减少腹胀、增加排便次数、减少便秘发生率、增加日摄热量、降低胃残量水平的潜在效果。实践意义：腹部按摩是一种安全、无创、无成本的护理实践，有助于预防或减少儿科重症患者的胃肠道并发症。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of tele-nursing application on metabolic control, self-efficacy, quality of life and anxiety level in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial 远程护理应用对青少年1型糖尿病患者代谢控制、自我效能感、生活质量和焦虑水平的影响：一项随机对照试验

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.042

Emel Avçin PhD, RN (Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor) , Ayfer Açıkgöz PhD, RN (Co-Author, Professor)

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of using tele-nursing application on metabolic control, self-efficacy, quality of life and anxiety in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

This is a randomized control intervention study. The study included 67 adolescents aged 12–18 years with T1DM who were monitored at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. On enrolment, participant in all conditions received face-to-face training provided by the researchers. Thereafter, for 6 months educative and follow-up telephone calls were conducted in the intervention group to the adolescents and their parents but no intervention was made towards the control group. The study received approval (Decision no: 2020-14) and was registered in the registration number (NCT05211479).

Results

At the 6-month follow-up, the self-efficacy, quality of life, HbA1c, and anxiety levels of the adolescents in the intervention group were found to be better than those in the control group (p <0.05). During the study period, no significant difference was found in HbA1c values, quality of life, self-efficacy, and anxiety levels over time in the control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Diabetes education and follow-up with tele-nursing improved self-efficacy and quality of life, as well as decreased HbA 1c and anxiety among adolescents with T1DM.

Implications for practice

Tele-nursing is an effective and accessible approach for achieving metabolic control, improving self-efficacy and quality of life, and reducing anxiety levels in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Remote follow-up enables the adolescent to receive continuous support regarding diabetes management without disrupting their daily life.

目的：探讨远程护理应用对青少年1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者代谢控制、自我效能感、生活质量和焦虑的影响。方法：随机对照干预研究。该研究包括67名12-18岁的T1DM青少年，他们在儿科内分泌门诊接受监测。在入组时，所有条件下的参与者都接受了研究人员提供的面对面培训。随后，干预组对青少年及其父母进行了为期6个月的电话教育和随访，但未对对照组进行干预。该研究获得批准（决定号：2020-14），注册注册号（NCT05211479）。结果：随访6个月时，干预组青少年自我效能感、生活质量、糖化血红蛋白、焦虑水平均优于对照组（p < 0.05）。结论：糖尿病教育和远程护理随访提高了青少年T1DM患者的自我效能感和生活质量，降低了HbA 1c和焦虑。实践意义：远程护理是实现1型糖尿病（T1DM）青少年代谢控制、提高自我效能和生活质量、降低焦虑水平的有效和可及的方法。远程随访使青少年能够在不干扰其日常生活的情况下获得有关糖尿病管理的持续支持。

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引用次数: 0

Experiences and influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress in neonatal intensive care unit nurses: A mixed-methods study 新生儿重症监护室护士继发性创伤应激的经历及影响因素：一项混合方法研究。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.046

Heemoon Lim , Hyejung Lee , Sue Kim , Heejung Kim , Changgi Park , Youngjin Lee

Background

Nurses in neonatal intensive care units witness the suffering of critically ill infants and the emotional distress of their families, which can lead to psychological strain.

Objective

This study examined individual and organizational factors contributing to secondary traumatic stress among neonatal intensive care unit and explored their experiences of this stress.

Methods

A convergent mixed-methods design was employed. A total of 147 nurses from Level III neonatal intensive care units across South Korea participated, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 nurses.

Results

Many nurses reported moderate to severe psychological stress related to repeated exposure to traumatic events. The emotional impact was influenced by both individual sensitivity and the organizational context of care.

Conclusion

Emotional challenges in neonatal intensive care units constitute both a psychological burden and an ethical complexity of nursing. Institutional support is essential to address these challenges, fostering nurses' emotional well-being and professional sustainability.

Implication to practice

Future strategies to reduce secondary traumatic stress should integrate individual-level coping and emotional regulation strategies. In addition, organizational approaches should address unit-specific traumatic events and promote trauma-informed work environments in neonatal intensive care units.

背景：新生儿重症监护室的护士目睹了危重婴儿的痛苦和他们家人的情绪困扰，这可能导致心理紧张。目的：本研究探讨新生儿重症监护室继发性创伤应激的个体和组织因素，并探讨其应激经历。方法：采用收敛混合方法设计。来自韩国三级新生儿重症监护病房的147名护士参与了调查，并对13名护士进行了深度访谈。结果：许多护士报告了与反复暴露于创伤性事件有关的中度至重度心理应激。情绪影响受个体敏感性和护理的组织背景的影响。结论：新生儿重症监护病房的情绪挑战既构成了心理负担，也构成了护理的伦理复杂性。机构支持对于应对这些挑战，培养护士的情感健康和专业可持续性至关重要。对实践的启示：未来减少继发性创伤应激的策略应结合个体层面的应对策略和情绪调节策略。此外，组织方法应解决单位特定的创伤事件，并促进创伤知情的新生儿重症监护病房的工作环境。

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引用次数: 0

Nurses' self-efficacy levels and influencing factors in the care of children with epilepsy 癫痫患儿护理中护士自我效能感水平及影响因素。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.035

Dilek Demir Kösem PhD , Şenay Demir PhD , Murat Bektaş PhD

Aim

This study investigated nurses' self-efficacy in caring for children with epilepsy and the factors influencing it.

Method

This descriptive-cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 135 nurses working in pediatric clinics at a university's medical faculty hospital. Data were collected between using a socio-demographic data collection form, the scale of self-efficacy in nursing care of children with epilepsy, the self-efficacy-sufficiency scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

Three models were created to analyze the relationships between the study variables and nurses' self-efficacy. The effect on nurses' self-efficacy levels in the care of children with epilepsy was explained by their descriptive characteristics at a rate of 27.8% in the first model, by the Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency Scale at a rate of 18.5% in the second model, and by their descriptive characteristics and self-efficacy at a rate of 35.5% in the third model. Age, number of children, having receivede ducation on children with epilepsy at school, and the total self-efficacy scale score were found to be relevant factors in predicting the self-efficacy of nurses in the care of children with epilepsy (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

It was determined that nurses' self-efficacy in caring for children with epilepsy was above average and that factors affected this level of self-efficacy.

Implications for practice

Nurses' high self-efficacy in caring for children with epilepsy increases the quality of care they provide. It is recommended that detailed evidence-based and case-based courses on childhood epilepsy management be offered both in in-service training and nursing curricula.

目的：探讨护理人员在照顾癫痫患儿过程中的自我效能感及其影响因素。方法：对某大学医学院附属医院儿科门诊的135名护士进行描述性横断面和相关性研究。采用社会人口学数据收集表、癫痫患儿护理自我效能感量表、自我效能-充分性量表进行数据收集。采用描述性统计和多元线性回归分析对数据进行分析。结果：建立了三个模型来分析研究变量与护士自我效能的关系。对癫痫患儿护理护士自我效能水平的影响在第一个模型中被描述特征解释为27.8%，在第二个模型中被自我效能-充分性量表解释为18.5%，在第三个模型中被描述特征和自我效能解释为35.5%。年龄、儿童人数、在校接受癫痫儿童教育情况、自我效能量表总分是预测护士护理癫痫儿童自我效能感的相关因素(p)。结论：护士护理癫痫儿童自我效能感处于中等偏上水平，影响其自我效能感水平的因素较多。对实践的启示：护士在照顾癫痫儿童方面的高自我效能提高了他们提供的护理质量。建议在在职培训和护理课程中提供详细的基于证据和案例的儿童癫痫管理课程。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a health literacy education program on the health literacy of parents of children with disabilities in special education and rehabilitation centers 健康素养教育方案对特殊教育和康复中心残疾儿童家长健康素养的影响。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.039

Ozcan Aygun , Meryem Demir , Yakup Göçer , Hülya Çiftçi , Seda Adak

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the preliminary results of a health literacy education program on the health literacy of parents of children with disabilities in special education and rehabilitation centers.

Study design and methods

The study employed a single-group pre- and posttest research design. It was conducted with parents of children receiving services at four special education and rehabilitation centers affiliated with a district national education directorate. First, the questionnaires were administered, and the data were collected. Then, a 6-week health literacy training program was conducted. After the program, the data were collected again and analyzed using the paired-sample t-test and the McNemar's test.

Results

The pretest mean health literacy score was 30.19 ± 8.08, which increased to 36.63 ± 8.42 at posttest (p < .001). Following the educational program, 44 participants demonstrated enhancement in their health literacy levels and transitioned from the inadequate or problematic category to the adequate category in their post-assessment results (p < .001).

Conclusion

The study successfully achieved this objective, thereby demonstrating a positive impact of the training program on the health literacy of parents of disabled children.

Practice implications

The significance of this study lies in addressing the research gap concerning parents of children with disabilities in special education. The program had a positive impact on the health literacy of participating families.

目的：本研究旨在检验健康素养教育计划对特殊教育和康复中心残疾儿童家长健康素养的初步效果。研究设计和方法：本研究采用单组前测和后测研究设计。调查对象是在隶属于一个地区国家教育局的四个特殊教育和康复中心接受服务的儿童的父母。首先，进行问卷调查，收集数据。然后，进行了为期6周的健康素养培训计划。程序结束后，再次收集数据并使用配对样本t检验和McNemar检验进行分析。结果：前测平均健康素养得分为30.19±8.08分，后测平均健康素养得分为36.63±8.42分(p)。结论：本研究成功实现了这一目标，证明了培训项目对残疾儿童父母健康素养的积极影响。实践启示：本研究的意义在于弥补特殊教育中残疾儿童家长的研究空白。该方案对参与家庭的卫生知识普及产生了积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

Motivations for self-care in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder: A phenomenological study 自闭症谱系障碍儿童照顾者自我照顾动机：一项现象学研究。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 NURSING

Journal of Pediatric Nursing-Nursing Care of Children & Families

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.01.038

Mohamed Ali Zoromba , Heba Emad El-Gazar

Background

The rising prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) places increasing demands on family caregivers. While the barriers to self-care are well-documented, the motivations that drive caregivers to prioritize their own health remain underexplored. This gap is particularly evident in culturally distinct settings like Saudi Arabia, where societal norms and religious beliefs shape caregiving dynamics.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the motivations for self-care among Saudi mothers of children with ASD.

Methods

A descriptive phenomenological design, grounded in Husserl's philosophy, was employed to investigate the lived experiences of 12 Saudi mothers. Participants were recruited via criterion-based purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted and analyzed using Colaizzi's method to distill thematic insights. Rigor was ensured through bracketing, interpretive member checking, and investigator triangulation.

Results

Four key categories emerged: (1) Personal Values and Beliefs, highlighting intrinsic maternal duty and spirituality as a primary sustainer; (2) Social Support, emphasizing family and professional encouragement; (3) Barriers to Self-Care, identifying time constraints and guilt rooted in cultural expectations; and (4) Perceived Impact on Caregiving, linking self-care to enhanced resilience and child well-being. Spirituality and collectivist support systems uniquely influenced motivations, while cultural norms posed distinct challenges.

Conclusion

Motivation for self-care among Saudi mothers is not driven by a desire for personal indulgence, but by a pragmatic and spiritual imperative to maintain caregiving capacity. Findings advocate for culturally tailored interventions, such as “Self-Care Prescriptions,” that leverage spirituality and family networks to overcome barriers and enhance caregiver well-being.

背景：自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患病率的上升对家庭照顾者提出了越来越高的要求。虽然自我保健的障碍有据可查，但促使护理人员优先考虑自身健康的动机仍未得到充分探讨。这种差距在沙特阿拉伯等文化独特的环境中尤为明显，在那里，社会规范和宗教信仰决定了护理的动态。目的：本研究旨在探讨沙特阿拉伯自闭症儿童母亲自我照顾的动机。方法：采用胡塞尔哲学为基础的描述现象学设计，对12名沙特母亲的生活经历进行调查。参与者是通过基于标准的有目的抽样来招募的。通过半结构化的深度访谈收集数据，并使用Colaizzi的方法进行分析，以提取主题见解。严谨性是通过括号法、解释成员检查和调查员三角测量来保证的。研究结果显示：(1)个人价值观和信仰，强调内在的母性责任和作为主要支撑者的灵性；(2)社会支持，强调家庭和职业鼓励；(3)自我照顾障碍，识别时间限制和根植于文化期望的内疚；(4)对照顾的感知影响，将自我照顾与增强的复原力和儿童福祉联系起来。精神和集体主义支持系统对动机的影响是独一无二的，而文化规范则构成了独特的挑战。结论：沙特母亲自我照顾的动机不是出于个人放纵的欲望，而是出于保持照顾能力的务实和精神上的迫切需要。研究结果提倡针对不同文化的干预措施，如“自我护理处方”，利用精神和家庭网络克服障碍，提高照顾者的幸福感。

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引用次数: 0