The aim of the article is to analyze the statements of the Church of England on the ethical aspects of conducting experiments on animals. From the rich teaching of this community on eco-theological topics, several documents were selected that deal with these issues. They show the evolution and development of teaching and an attempt to relate moral norms to the legislation of the United Kingdom. The Church of England recognizes the need to include the 3R principle in scientific research, supplementing it with the postulate of human responsibility for animals.
{"title":"Animal experiments in statements of the Church of England","authors":"Krzysztof Smykowski","doi":"10.21521/mw.6809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6809","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to analyze the statements of the Church of England on the ethical aspects of conducting experiments on animals. From the rich teaching of this community on eco-theological topics, several documents were selected that deal with these issues. They show the evolution and development of teaching and an attempt to relate moral norms to the legislation of the United Kingdom. The Church of England recognizes the need to include the 3R principle in scientific research, supplementing it with the postulate of human responsibility for animals.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68110007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gut microbiome of animals varies by species, age, sex, and nutrition. The content of nutrients in the diet as well as feed additives (synbiotics, eubiotics, phytobiotics) determine the quantity and quality of the intestinal flora. The ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has led to the search for various effective alternatives that affect the gut microbiome, animal health and production results. It has been shown that the use of fermented feeds, beneficially modifying the composition of the intestinal flora, can be a significant alternative to AGP in the production and breeding of monogastric animals. The use of fermented feeds in wet nutrition or in dry mixtures contributes to the improvement of the nutritional value of the diet by increasing the content of protein and exogenous amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, reducing the content of anti-nutritional substances (glucosinolates, phytates, β-glycinates) in feeds (rapeseed, soybean, lupins, horse bean) and increasing the concentration of beneficial microorganisms (Bacillus and Lactobacillus) and their products (bacteriocins, organic acids).
{"title":"Influence of fermented feeds on the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract and efficiency in animal nutrition","authors":"E. Grela, R. Klebaniuk","doi":"10.21521/mw.6811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6811","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome of animals varies by species, age, sex, and nutrition. The content of nutrients in the diet as well as feed additives (synbiotics, eubiotics, phytobiotics) determine the quantity and quality of the intestinal flora. The ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has led to the search for various effective alternatives that affect the gut microbiome, animal health and production results. It has been shown that the use of fermented feeds, beneficially modifying the composition of the intestinal flora, can be a significant alternative to AGP in the production and breeding of monogastric animals. The use of fermented feeds in wet nutrition or in dry mixtures contributes to the improvement of the nutritional value of the diet by increasing the content of protein and exogenous amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, reducing the content of anti-nutritional substances (glucosinolates, phytates, β-glycinates) in feeds (rapeseed, soybean, lupins, horse bean) and increasing the concentration of beneficial microorganisms (Bacillus and Lactobacillus) and their products (bacteriocins, organic acids).","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68110213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sağlam, Meli̇s Göl, T. Önyay, K. Inal, Birsen Deniz Özbakir, Elif Bağatir, A. Özak
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in calves brought to the Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine animal hospital surgery clinic between 2010 and 2020. The study material consisted of 140 calves with anomalies of different races and genders. Gender was examined for its effect on the formation of anomaly types and found to be a statistically insignificant factor (P > 0.05). Simmental calves had a statistically significant higher number of digestive system anomaly diagnoses than Holstein calves (P <0.01). Simmental calves were found to have a 2.85 times higher risk of digestive system anomalies than Holstein calves. The predisposition of atresia ani according to race or gender was not statistically significant in digestive system anomalies, but males tended to be more disadvantaged in general. Similarly, it was determined that the gender and race predisposition for atresia coli anomaly was statistically significant (P <0.05), and males were significantly more prone to this anomaly than females by 3.33 times (P <0.05). When musculoskeletal anomalies were compared based on race, the distribution of susceptibility was found to be significant (P <0.01). Simmental and Holstein breeds were shown to have a 5.84 times higher risk than other breeds in this anomaly category, with Simmental breeds having a 5.32 times higher risk than Holsteins in the Samsun region of Turkey. As a result, it was concluded that breed selection is critical in cow breeding to limit the likelihood of congenital abnormalities.
{"title":"Congenital Anomaly Cases in Calves","authors":"K. Sağlam, Meli̇s Göl, T. Önyay, K. Inal, Birsen Deniz Özbakir, Elif Bağatir, A. Özak","doi":"10.21521/mw.6715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6715","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in calves brought to the Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine animal hospital surgery clinic between 2010 and 2020. The study material consisted of 140 calves with anomalies of different races and genders. Gender was examined for its effect on the formation of anomaly types and found to be a statistically insignificant factor (P > 0.05). Simmental calves had a statistically significant higher number of digestive system anomaly diagnoses than Holstein calves (P <0.01). Simmental calves were found to have a 2.85 times higher risk of digestive system anomalies than Holstein calves. The predisposition of atresia ani according to race or gender was not statistically significant in digestive system anomalies, but males tended to be more disadvantaged in general. Similarly, it was determined that the gender and race predisposition for atresia coli anomaly was statistically significant (P <0.05), and males were significantly more prone to this anomaly than females by 3.33 times (P <0.05). When musculoskeletal anomalies were compared based on race, the distribution of susceptibility was found to be significant (P <0.01). Simmental and Holstein breeds were shown to have a 5.84 times higher risk than other breeds in this anomaly category, with Simmental breeds having a 5.32 times higher risk than Holsteins in the Samsun region of Turkey. As a result, it was concluded that breed selection is critical in cow breeding to limit the likelihood of congenital abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68101079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Brodzki, Karolina Wolniaczyk, Katarzyna Głodkowska, Nikodem Brodzki
Tumors of the reproductive system in bitches can affect any of its anatomical structures. The predominant lesions are those appearing in the vagina and vulva, accounting for about 2.4-3% of all tumors in bitches, followed by ovarian tumors – 0.5-1.2%, while uterine tumors are rare and it is difficult to even estimate their incidence. The most common type of ovarian tumor is granulosa cell tumor (GCT), which originates from the granulosa cells of the Graff follicle. In the uterus, vagina and vulva, the most common is smooth-cell myoma (leiomyoma), along with its malignant types (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma), derived from mesenchymal tissue. Diagnosis of these lesions is mainly based on a detailed clinical examination, vaginoscopy, imaging tests (ultrasound, X-ray, CT) and evaluation of sex hormone levels. However, accurate differentiation of tumors is possible only by histopathological examination. The most effective method of treatment is the surgical removal of diagnosed tumors. The paper presents our own clinical cases of tumors of different parts of the reproductive system in bitches: ovarian tumors (GCT); uterine tumors (leyomyoma); and tumors of the vagina and vulva (fibromyoma, leyomyoma). Moreover, the numerous illustrations included in the paper, documenting the mentioned cases, are a valuable addition to the publication.
{"title":"Tumors of the reproductive system of bitches - based on the description of selected own clinical cases and literature data","authors":"P. Brodzki, Karolina Wolniaczyk, Katarzyna Głodkowska, Nikodem Brodzki","doi":"10.21521/mw.6777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6777","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors of the reproductive system in bitches can affect any of its anatomical structures. The predominant lesions are those appearing in the vagina and vulva, accounting for about 2.4-3% of all tumors in bitches, followed by ovarian tumors – 0.5-1.2%, while uterine tumors are rare and it is difficult to even estimate their incidence. The most common type of ovarian tumor is granulosa cell tumor (GCT), which originates from the granulosa cells of the Graff follicle. In the uterus, vagina and vulva, the most common is smooth-cell myoma (leiomyoma), along with its malignant types (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma), derived from mesenchymal tissue. Diagnosis of these lesions is mainly based on a detailed clinical examination, vaginoscopy, imaging tests (ultrasound, X-ray, CT) and evaluation of sex hormone levels. However, accurate differentiation of tumors is possible only by histopathological examination. The most effective method of treatment is the surgical removal of diagnosed tumors. The paper presents our own clinical cases of tumors of different parts of the reproductive system in bitches: ovarian tumors (GCT); uterine tumors (leyomyoma); and tumors of the vagina and vulva (fibromyoma, leyomyoma). Moreover, the numerous illustrations included in the paper, documenting the mentioned cases, are a valuable addition to the publication.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68106743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rifkat Fairushin, S. Shakirova, R. Ganieva, G. Shakirova
Unbalanced nutrition as well as diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology lead to a decrease in production and a significant loss of farm animals and birds. To mitigate these problems, various probiotic drugs (probiotics) are introduced into the diets of birds and animals for preventive purposes. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the Vitafort probiotic, containing antagonistic bacteria of the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11, on the body of broiler chickens. The effect of Vitafort was assessed by measuring the live weight and average daily growth of birds. In addition, a morphological study of blood was carried out and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the small intestine was determined. It was found that the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11 improved the intestinal microflora. Thus, on day 5 of its use, the number of microorganisms varied from 4.1 × 104 to 8.2 × 104 CFU/g, and on day 42 the same number varied from 4 × 108 to 5.8 × 108 CFU/g on day 42, the contents of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and white blood cells in the blood of chickens from the experimental group were higher by 6.44%, 3.44%, and 2.11%, respectively, than they were in the control group. Considering the above facts, it can be assumed that the absorption of nutrients in the intestine improved, and metabolic processes were activated due to an increase in the transport abilities of red blood cells.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis (Vitafort) probiotic used for raising broiler chickens","authors":"Rifkat Fairushin, S. Shakirova, R. Ganieva, G. Shakirova","doi":"10.21521/mw.6621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6621","url":null,"abstract":"Unbalanced nutrition as well as diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology lead to a decrease in production and a significant loss of farm animals and birds. To mitigate these problems, various probiotic drugs (probiotics) are introduced into the diets of birds and animals for preventive purposes. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the Vitafort probiotic, containing antagonistic bacteria of the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11, on the body of broiler chickens. The effect of Vitafort was assessed by measuring the live weight and average daily growth of birds. In addition, a morphological study of blood was carried out and the content of Bacillus subtilis in the small intestine was determined. It was found that the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis B11 improved the intestinal microflora. Thus, on day 5 of its use, the number of microorganisms varied from 4.1 × 104 to 8.2 × 104 CFU/g, and on day 42 the same number varied from 4 × 108 to 5.8 × 108 CFU/g on day 42, the contents of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and white blood cells in the blood of chickens from the experimental group were higher by 6.44%, 3.44%, and 2.11%, respectively, than they were in the control group. Considering the above facts, it can be assumed that the absorption of nutrients in the intestine improved, and metabolic processes were activated due to an increase in the transport abilities of red blood cells.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68093937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hazem E M Hassanien, Awad M M Mahmoud, Elsayed Mohammed ABDEL-ROUF, N. Eweedah
Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) initiates a compensatory metabolic acidosis, which improves calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving and minimizes clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia after calving. The goal of this study was to evaluate how mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and productive performance were affected by prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD mEq [(Na + K – Cl + S)]/kg of dry matter (DM)) in postpartum dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows ranging from 2 to 5 lactations with an average body weight of 685 ± 10 kg (mean ± SD) were allocated in a randomized block design with three prepartum diets differing in DCAD (0, –100, and –180 mEq/ kg DM). All cows were fed the same postpartum diet and kept on trial for 66 days. Cows fed –180 and –100 mEq DCAD had greater prepartum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations than cows fed 0 mEq DCAD. Cows fed –180 mEq DCAD had greater serum Ca concentrations than cows fed –100 and 0 mEq DCAD. PTH concentrations were greater in cows fed 0 mEq DCAD than in cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Cows fed 0 mEq DCAD had higher milk protein and solid-not-fat (SNF) levels than cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Treatment and interaction had no effect on milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk fat, total solids (TS), lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and liver or kidney functions. We concluded that adding anionic salts to dairy cows’ diets (–100 and –180 mEq DCAD) improved postpartum Ca availability and reduced clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia while having no effect on milk yield or fat-corrected milk.
{"title":"Effect of prepartum dietary-cation anion difference on performance, blood mineral and metabolite concentrations in Holstein dairy cows","authors":"Hazem E M Hassanien, Awad M M Mahmoud, Elsayed Mohammed ABDEL-ROUF, N. Eweedah","doi":"10.21521/mw.6658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6658","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) initiates a compensatory metabolic acidosis, which improves calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving and minimizes clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia after calving. The goal of this study was to evaluate how mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and productive performance were affected by prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD mEq [(Na + K – Cl + S)]/kg of dry matter (DM)) in postpartum dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows ranging from 2 to 5 lactations with an average body weight of 685 ± 10 kg (mean ± SD) were allocated in a randomized block design with three prepartum diets differing in DCAD (0, –100, and –180 mEq/ kg DM). All cows were fed the same postpartum diet and kept on trial for 66 days. Cows fed –180 and –100 mEq DCAD had greater prepartum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations than cows fed 0 mEq DCAD. Cows fed –180 mEq DCAD had greater serum Ca concentrations than cows fed –100 and 0 mEq DCAD. PTH concentrations were greater in cows fed 0 mEq DCAD than in cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Cows fed 0 mEq DCAD had higher milk protein and solid-not-fat (SNF) levels than cows fed –100 or –180 mEq DCAD. Treatment and interaction had no effect on milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk fat, total solids (TS), lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and liver or kidney functions. We concluded that adding anionic salts to dairy cows’ diets (–100 and –180 mEq DCAD) improved postpartum Ca availability and reduced clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia while having no effect on milk yield or fat-corrected milk.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of roughage and/or fattening feed rations and CLA-rich fish oil and soybean-supplemented diets on meat quality parameters (pH, color and fatty acids) of crossbred Romanov lambs. As compared to the control group, soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups had almost 3 times greater feed conversion ratios. The amount of feed consumed for 1 kg of live weight during the fattening period was 4.77 kg in the soybean oil-supplemented group, 5.70 kg in the fish oil-supplemented group and 13.33 kg in the control group. In terms of M. longissimus dorsi (MLD) area and thickness, treatment groups all had similar values. Soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups had superior pH and color (L*, a*, b*) values. In the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) produced due to the oxidation of fatty acids, results revealed that soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups yielded more ideal outcomes for TBARS values and fatty acid profiles.
{"title":"Effect of fish and soybean oils feed supplementation on the characteristic of Romanov crossbred lamb meat","authors":"M. K. Korkmaz","doi":"10.21521/mw.6649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6649","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effects of roughage and/or fattening feed rations and CLA-rich fish oil and soybean-supplemented diets on meat quality parameters (pH, color and fatty acids) of crossbred Romanov lambs. As compared to the control group, soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups had almost 3 times greater feed conversion ratios. The amount of feed consumed for 1 kg of live weight during the fattening period was 4.77 kg in the soybean oil-supplemented group, 5.70 kg in the fish oil-supplemented group and 13.33 kg in the control group. In terms of M. longissimus dorsi (MLD) area and thickness, treatment groups all had similar values. Soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups had superior pH and color (L*, a*, b*) values. In the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) produced due to the oxidation of fatty acids, results revealed that soybean and fish oil-supplemented groups yielded more ideal outcomes for TBARS values and fatty acid profiles.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ziętek, A. Wilczyńska, S. Sajdak, M. Mazur, Łukasz Dąbrosiak, M. Kalinowski, Ł. Adaszek, S. Winiarczyk
Vaccinations for pet rabbits using biological preparations registered in Poland provide protection against three clinical entities: myxomatosis, rabbit haemorrhagic disease types 1 and 2 (RHD1 and RHD2). This article presents an analysis of the number of vaccinations performed in rabbits in the years 2011-2020 at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Among the total number of 3304 rabbits admitted to the clinic, 574 visits were for vaccinations, which indicates that the owners of these animals are interested in specific prevention of myxomatosis and RHD. Detailed analysis of the clinic’s records makes it possible to identify certain tendencies, e.g. those associated with the choice of biological preparations or the percentage of immunized animals in different years. Vaccination of rabbits is not difficult for the veterinarian from a technical point of view, it provides excellent protection against lethal infectious diseases, and it can be a source of income for veterinary clinics. For this reason it is worth disseminating knowledge on the vaccination programme for rabbits kept as companion animals among owners of these animals.
{"title":"Use of vaccines in rabbits kept as companion animals based on an analysis of clinical cases at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin in 2011-2020","authors":"J. Ziętek, A. Wilczyńska, S. Sajdak, M. Mazur, Łukasz Dąbrosiak, M. Kalinowski, Ł. Adaszek, S. Winiarczyk","doi":"10.21521/mw.6650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6650","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccinations for pet rabbits using biological preparations registered in Poland provide protection against three clinical entities: myxomatosis, rabbit haemorrhagic disease types 1 and 2 (RHD1 and RHD2). This article presents an analysis of the number of vaccinations performed in rabbits in the years 2011-2020 at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Among the total number of 3304 rabbits admitted to the clinic, 574 visits were for vaccinations, which indicates that the owners of these animals are interested in specific prevention of myxomatosis and RHD. Detailed analysis of the clinic’s records makes it possible to identify certain tendencies, e.g. those associated with the choice of biological preparations or the percentage of immunized animals in different years. Vaccination of rabbits is not difficult for the veterinarian from a technical point of view, it provides excellent protection against lethal infectious diseases, and it can be a source of income for veterinary clinics. For this reason it is worth disseminating knowledge on the vaccination programme for rabbits kept as companion animals among owners of these animals.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68095214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haitao Jia, Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuaicheng Li, Jiantao Zhang, Hongbin Wang
Laminitis is regarded as an important underlying cause of lameness disorders, yet its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Consistent histological changes in cows with laminitis consist in the degradation of the basement membrane (BM). The breakdown of BM is accomplished by numerous proteases, especially MMP-9 and MMP-2. This study recruited 45 cows according to veterinary diagnostic criteria and divided them into three groups: subclinical laminitis cows (SCL, n = 15), chronic laminitis cows (CL, n = 15), and healthy cows (CON, n = 15). After blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, the serum was separated and frozen at –80°C. The serum samples were analyzed by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography to evaluate the activities of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. In the SCL group, the activity of MMP-9 significantly increased (P <0.01) and the activity of TIMP-1 significantly decreased (P <0.05), compared with those in the CON group, while the activities of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not significantly different. In the CL group, the activities of MMP-9 (P <0.001) and MMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly increased, and the activities of TIMP-1 (P <0.01) and TIMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly decreased compared with those in the CON group. This is the first study to report changes in the content of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors, TIMP-2 and TIMP-1, in the serum of dairy cows with laminitis. These results indicate that inadequate regulation of the activities of MMPs and TIMPs in serum may play a role in the development of laminitis in dairy cows.
足板炎被认为是跛行疾病的重要潜在原因，但其具体的发病机制尚不清楚。基底膜炎奶牛的组织学变化主要表现为基底膜的降解。BM的分解是由许多蛋白酶完成的，尤其是MMP-9和MMP-2。本研究按照兽医诊断标准招募45头奶牛，将其分为亚临床板层炎奶牛(SCL, n = 15)、慢性板层炎奶牛(CL, n = 15)和健康奶牛(CON, n = 15) 3组。颈静脉采血后，分离血清，-80℃冷冻。采用明胶酶谱法和反向酶谱法检测血清中MMP-9、MMP-2、TIMP-1和TIMP-2的活性。SCL组与CON组相比，MMP-9活性显著升高(P <0.01)， TIMP-1活性显著降低(P <0.05)，而MMP-2和TIMP-2活性无显著差异。与CON组相比，CL组MMP-9和MMP-2活性显著升高(P <0.001)， TIMP-1和TIMP-2活性显著降低(P <0.05)。这是首次报道奶牛板膜炎血清中MMP-2和MMP-9及其抑制剂TIMP-2和TIMP-1含量变化的研究。上述结果提示，血清中MMPs和TIMPs活性调节不足可能在奶牛板炎的发生过程中起一定作用。
{"title":"Changes in the levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and their inhibitors in the serum of dairy cows with laminitis","authors":"Haitao Jia, Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuaicheng Li, Jiantao Zhang, Hongbin Wang","doi":"10.21521/mw.6663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6663","url":null,"abstract":"Laminitis is regarded as an important underlying cause of lameness disorders, yet its specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Consistent histological changes in cows with laminitis consist in the degradation of the basement membrane (BM). The breakdown of BM is accomplished by numerous proteases, especially MMP-9 and MMP-2. This study recruited 45 cows according to veterinary diagnostic criteria and divided them into three groups: subclinical laminitis cows (SCL, n = 15), chronic laminitis cows (CL, n = 15), and healthy cows (CON, n = 15). After blood samples were collected from the jugular vein, the serum was separated and frozen at –80°C. The serum samples were analyzed by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography to evaluate the activities of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. In the SCL group, the activity of MMP-9 significantly increased (P <0.01) and the activity of TIMP-1 significantly decreased (P <0.05), compared with those in the CON group, while the activities of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not significantly different. In the CL group, the activities of MMP-9 (P <0.001) and MMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly increased, and the activities of TIMP-1 (P <0.01) and TIMP-2 (P <0.05) significantly decreased compared with those in the CON group. This is the first study to report changes in the content of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors, TIMP-2 and TIMP-1, in the serum of dairy cows with laminitis. These results indicate that inadequate regulation of the activities of MMPs and TIMPs in serum may play a role in the development of laminitis in dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68096049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present review is to demonstrate the possibility of limiting antibiotic therapy in intensive poultry production through the use of various immunomodulators. In an era of increasing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents, it is particularly important to improve the efficiency of the immune system, which is indispensable for birds to survive in an environment where this system is constantly exposed to a number of stimuli that directly or indirectly affect its functioning. This is all the more important as the health of birds kept under intensive systems depends mainly on the functional status of their immune system, which determines the level of postvaccination immunity and the effectiveness of treatment. That is because its proper function is needed for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, stimulation of repair processes in damaged tissues and protection against reinfection. This paper focuses on the possibilities of modulating immune mechanisms and correcting the reactivity of the immunological system in poultry by using natural or synthetic immunomodulators. The results presented here suggest that methisoprinol and β-glucans are effective in modulating immune processes in turkeys and may find practical application in mass rearing of these birds: β-glucans mainly in prophylactic programmes, whereas methisoprinol both in prevention and treatment of diseases of viral etiology occurring with immunosuppression. It has also been shown that phytoncides contained in well-composed complementary feeds show immunomodulatory effects in broiler chickens and turkeys and are effective in the prevention and treatment of black head disease in turkeys. Considering the key role of the immune system in fighting pathogens, it should be concluded that synthetic and natural immunomodulators, including phytoncides used in the prevention and treatment of poultry diseases, can effectively reduce and, in some cases, replace or support antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"Immunomodulation as a tool to reduce antibiotic therapy in intensive poultry production","authors":"Bartłomiej Tykałowski, A. Koncicki","doi":"10.21521/mw.6681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6681","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present review is to demonstrate the possibility of limiting antibiotic therapy in intensive poultry production through the use of various immunomodulators. In an era of increasing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents, it is particularly important to improve the efficiency of the immune system, which is indispensable for birds to survive in an environment where this system is constantly exposed to a number of stimuli that directly or indirectly affect its functioning. This is all the more important as the health of birds kept under intensive systems depends mainly on the functional status of their immune system, which determines the level of postvaccination immunity and the effectiveness of treatment. That is because its proper function is needed for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, stimulation of repair processes in damaged tissues and protection against reinfection. This paper focuses on the possibilities of modulating immune mechanisms and correcting the reactivity of the immunological system in poultry by using natural or synthetic immunomodulators. The results presented here suggest that methisoprinol and β-glucans are effective in modulating immune processes in turkeys and may find practical application in mass rearing of these birds: β-glucans mainly in prophylactic programmes, whereas methisoprinol both in prevention and treatment of diseases of viral etiology occurring with immunosuppression. It has also been shown that phytoncides contained in well-composed complementary feeds show immunomodulatory effects in broiler chickens and turkeys and are effective in the prevention and treatment of black head disease in turkeys. Considering the key role of the immune system in fighting pathogens, it should be concluded that synthetic and natural immunomodulators, including phytoncides used in the prevention and treatment of poultry diseases, can effectively reduce and, in some cases, replace or support antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":49017,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna-Veterinary Medicine-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68097024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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