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Frequency reconfigurable two-element MIMO antenna for cognitive radio and 5G new radio sub-6 GHz applications 用于认知无线电和6ghz以下5G新无线电应用的频率可重构双元MIMO天线
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001289
Yahia Benghanem, Ali Mansoul, Lila Mouffok
Abstract In this paper, a compact two-element reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G new radio sub-6 GHz is presented and discussed. The proposed MIMO antenna has four frequency operating modes: a wideband operating mode (2.41–6 GHz), a wideband operating mode with a notching band at 3.5 GHz (3.2–3.66 GHz), a low-pass filter mode that filters the higher frequencies with a wide operating band from 2.41 GHz to 4.7 GHz, and a dual-band mode with two operating narrow bands (2.41–3.16 GHz and 3.64–4.7 GHz). To improve the isolation over the entire operating band, a strip line connecting the two ground planes of the two antenna elements has been used. To validate the proposed approach, different prototypes have been fabricated and measured. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement results. The proposed antenna has good MIMO diversity performance with a maximum gain of 4.64 dBi. The minimum isolation is 18 dB for the four operating modes, while a measured envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.008 is achieved. The diversity gain is near 10 dB for various operating modes. The antenna is suitable for cognitive radio and 5G sub-6 GHz applications.
本文提出并讨论了一种适用于6ghz以下5G新型无线电的紧凑型双元可重构多输入多输出(MIMO)天线。MIMO天线具有四种频率工作模式:宽带工作模式(2.41 - 6 GHz)、陷波频带为3.5 GHz (3.2-3.66 GHz)的宽带工作模式、滤除较高频率的低通滤波模式(2.41 - 4.7 GHz宽工作频带)和双频段工作模式(2.41 - 3.16 GHz和3.64-4.7 GHz)。为了提高整个工作频带的隔离性,使用了一条带状线连接两个天线单元的两个接地面。为了验证所提出的方法,已经制作和测量了不同的原型。仿真结果与实测结果吻合较好。该天线具有良好的MIMO分集性能,最大增益为4.64 dBi。四种工作模式的最小隔离度为18 dB,而测量的包络相关系数小于0.008。在各种工作模式下,分集增益接近10 dB。该天线适用于认知无线电和5G sub- 6ghz应用。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of off-body communications with a low-SAR, high-gain multiband patch antenna designed with a quad-band artificial magnetic conductor 四波段人工磁导体设计的低sar高增益多波段贴片天线增强离体通信
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001174
Vellaichamy Rajavel, Dibyendu Ghoshal
Abstract The increasing demand for wireless communication has emphasized the need for multiband antennas. This study presents a novel design for a multiband antenna with reduced specific absorption rate (SAR), high gain, and improved front-to-back ratio (FBR) achieved through the integration with a 4 × 4 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface. The proposed antenna covers a wide range of wireless frequency bands, including Industrial, Scientific, and Medical, Wireless Local Area Network, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wi-Fi 6E, and 7, with resonating frequencies at 2.4, 3.2, 5.5, 7.5, and 10 GHz. The AMC unit cell creates four zero-degree reflection phases with double negative properties at 2.5, 3.8, 5.5, and 7.5 GHz. The compact design measures 0.23λ 0 × 0.296λ 0 × 0.0128λ 0 and placed 0.104λ 0 above an AMC surface of size 0.512λ 0 × 0.512λ 0 × 0.1296λ 0 . This structure enhances the gain by up to 8.55dBi at 6.01 GHz. The proposed antenna has −10 dB impedance bandwidth for these corresponding frequencies viz 2.34–2.43 GHz (3.77%), 2.81–3.83 GHz (30.72%), 4.82–6.21 GHz (25.20%), 7–7.65 GHz (8.87%), and 8.06–10.31 GHz (24.5%). An overall average percentage reduction value of SAR taken at these frequencies has been found to be 96.11% with AMC structure. The antenna sample was successfully fabricated, and the experimental results have been found to match well with the simulation results. This integrated design offers a promising solution for wearable off-body communication devices.
随着无线通信需求的不断增长,对多频段天线的需求日益突出。本研究提出了一种新颖的多波段天线设计,通过与4 × 4人工磁导体(AMC)表面集成,实现了降低比吸收率(SAR)、高增益和提高前后比(FBR)。拟议的天线覆盖了广泛的无线频段,包括工业、科学和医疗、无线局域网、微波接入的全球互操作性、Wi-Fi 6E和7,谐振频率为2.4、3.2、5.5、7.5和10 GHz。AMC单元电池在2.5、3.8、5.5和7.5 GHz下产生四个零度反射相位,具有双负特性。紧凑的设计尺寸为0.23λ 0 × 0.296λ 0 × 0.0128λ 0,并将0.104λ 0放置在尺寸为0.512λ 0 × 0.512λ 0 × 0.1296λ 0的AMC表面上。该结构在6.01 GHz时可将增益提高8.55dBi。该天线在2.34-2.43 GHz(3.77%)、2.81-3.83 GHz(30.72%)、4.82-6.21 GHz(25.20%)、7-7.65 GHz(8.87%)和8.06-10.31 GHz(24.5%)频率下具有−10 dB的阻抗带宽。在AMC结构下,在这些频率下SAR的总体平均百分比降低值为96.11%。成功地制作了天线样品,实验结果与仿真结果吻合良好。这种集成设计为可穿戴的体外通信设备提供了一个有前途的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Design of bandwidth-enhanced polarization controlled frequency selective surface based microwave absorber 带宽增强极化控制频率选择表面微波吸收器的设计
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001241
Gaurav Chaitanya, Paritosh Peshwe, Saptarshi Ghosh, Ashwin Kothari
Abstract A design of a microwave absorber based on frequency selective surface resonating in X-band having ultrathin thickness, polarization controlled behavior, and increased absorption bandwidth has been reported. The reported absorber having its unit cell embodied of multiple resonating structures which includes conventional square, circular, and butterfly shaped resonators resulting in three absorption apexes at 9.44, 10.00, and 10.53 GHz (all in X band) with 99.9%, 99%, and 95.1% of absorptivity obtained at the frequencies of resonances. It demonstrates a wide full width at half maximum having 1.48 GHz as bandwidth, at the expense of using an ultrathin substrate of 0.0096 λ 0 , where λ 0 is the wavelength with respect to lowest resonating frequency, i.e. 9.44 GHz. The unit cell is fourfold symmetric exhibiting independence about the absorber’s polarity, as well as, it behaves stable over the outspread angle up to 45 degrees for both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarized wave under sloped incident angle. The absorption behavior has been demonstrated by plotting the distribution of surface-currents and electric fields at the frequencies of resonance. The fabricated prototype of the presented design is tested at X-band and the obtained results concur with the simulated results.
摘要:本文报道了一种基于x波段频率选择表面共振的超薄、极化可控、高吸收带宽的微波吸收体的设计。所报道的吸收器的单元电池包含多个谐振结构,包括传统的方形、圆形和蝴蝶形谐振器,在9.44、10.00和10.53 GHz(均在X波段)处产生三个吸收顶点,在谐振频率处获得99.9%、99%和95.1%的吸收率。它展示了一个宽的全宽度在一半最大的1.48 GHz作为带宽,在使用超薄衬底0.0096 λ 0的代价,其中λ 0是相对于最低谐振频率的波长,即9.44 GHz。单元胞是四重对称的,表现出与吸收剂极性无关,并且在倾斜入射角下,横向磁极化波和横向电极化波在45度的扩展角上表现稳定。通过绘制共振频率下的表面电流和电场分布,证明了吸收行为。在x波段进行了样机测试,得到的结果与仿真结果相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
A tunable balanced phase shifter with wide operating bandwidth 具有宽工作带宽的可调谐平衡移相器
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001228
Wei Zhang, Binghe Wang, Bin Wang, Jin Shi, Kai Xu
Abstract A wideband tunable balanced phase shifter is achieved by utilizing varactor-loaded coupled lines (VLCLs)-embedded multistage branch-line structure. The tunable phase shift with low in-band phase deviation is attributed to the regulation in phase shift of the VLCLs and the horizontal microstrip lines in series. The wideband differential-mode (DM) impedance matching and common-mode (CM) suppression are due to multiple DM transmission poles and CM transmission zeros, which are brought about by the cascade of VLCLs and a microstrip line with short-circuited stubs in the DM-equivalent circuit and open-circuited stubs in the CM-equivalent circuit, respectively. Compared with the state-of-the-art tunable balanced phase shifters, the proposed design not only has the advantages of wide operating bandwidth (BW) with low in-band phase deviation but also has low insertion loss and easily fabricated structure. Theoretical analysis and design procedure were conducted, resulting in a prototype covering the frequency of 1.8 GHz. This prototype offers a tunable phase shift capability ranging from 0° to 90°. The prototype exhibits an operating BW of 45%, with a maximum phase deviation of ±6°. It also achieves a 10 dB DM return loss and CM suppression, while maintaining a maximum insertion loss of 2.5 dB.
摘要利用变容负载耦合线(vlcl)内嵌多级支路结构实现宽带可调谐平衡移相器。低带内相位偏差的可调相移是由于vlcl与水平微带线串联时相移的调节。宽带差模(DM)阻抗匹配和共模(CM)抑制是由于多个DM传输极和CM传输零,它们分别是由vlcl级联和DM等效电路中具有短路存根和CM等效电路中具有开路存根的微带线引起的。与现有的可调谐平衡移相器相比,该设计不仅具有宽工作带宽和低带内相位偏差的优点,而且具有低插入损耗和易于制作的结构。通过理论分析和设计程序,得到了覆盖1.8 GHz频率的样机。这个原型提供了一个可调的相移能力,范围从0°到90°。该样机的工作BW为45%,最大相位偏差为±6°。它还实现了10 dB的DM回波损耗和CM抑制,同时保持最大插入损耗为2.5 dB。
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引用次数: 0
MRF volume 15 issue 9 Cover and Back matter MRF 第 15 卷第 9 期封面和封底
IF 1.4 4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001319
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引用次数: 0
A planar BPF for UWB communication systems with single/multiple interference rejection bands 具有单/多干扰抑制带的UWB通信系统的平面BPF
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001186
Abu Nasar Ghazali, Mohd Sazid
Abstract The design and development of a microstrip-based planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with single/multiple interference rejection capability is presented. The proposed BPF structure is developed based on the broadside coupled mechanism of microstrip/coplanar waveguide (CPW). The BPF has microstrips and short-circuited CPW capacitively coupled through the substrate. The basic frequency response generated from this geometry covers the necessary UWB spectrum (3.1–10.6 GHz) and possesses appreciable characteristics due to dual transmission zeros at either passband boundary. Multiple resonators are embedded in the basic BPF structure to develop passband notches to circumvent unnecessary interferences. A low-pass filter is later integrated into geometry to extend the upper stopband. The proposed structure is compact and covers an area of only 14 × 11.4 mm 2 .
摘要介绍了一种基于微带的平面超宽带(UWB)带通滤波器(BPF)的设计与开发,该滤波器具有单/多路抗干扰能力。基于微带/共面波导(CPW)的宽侧耦合机制,提出了BPF结构。该BPF具有微带和电容耦合通过衬底的短路CPW。由该几何形状产生的基本频率响应覆盖了必要的UWB频谱(3.1-10.6 GHz),并且由于在任何通带边界的双传输零而具有可观的特性。在基本的BPF结构中嵌入多个谐振器以形成通带陷波以避免不必要的干扰。低通滤波器稍后集成到几何图形中以延长上阻带。拟议的结构紧凑,占地面积仅为14 × 11.4 mm 2。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient rectifier circuit operating at N78 and N79 sub-6 GHz 5G bands for microwave energy-harvesting and power transfer applications 高效整流电路,工作在N78和N79 sub-6 GHz 5G频段,用于微波能量收集和功率传输应用
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001162
Md. Ahsan Halimi, Taimoor Khan, Ahmed A. Kishk, Yahia M.M. Antar
Abstract The microwave energy-harvesting (MEH) and microwave power transfer (MPT) technologies have become the most emerging areas of research nowadays. The microwave rectifier circuit is the bottleneck of both the MEH and MPT systems. The efficiency of the system depends on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier. Due to the recent advancement of the fifth-generation communication system, it is desirable to propose an efficient rectifier operating at sub-6 GHz 5G bands. A dual-band rectifier circuit is designed and demonstrated for MEH/MPT purposes, specifically at sub-6 GHz 5G frequency bands. The dual-band matching is achieved by using a stepped impedance transmission line. The rectifier covers N78 (3.3–3.6 GHz) and N79 (4.8–5.0 GHz) bands. Peak PCE of 67.6% @ 3.5 GHz and 56.8% @ 4.9 GHz are achieved. For validation purpose, the rectifier is fabricated and characterized and measured results show good agreement with simulated results.
微波能量收集(MEH)和微波功率传输(MPT)技术已成为当今最新兴的研究领域。微波整流电路是MEH和MPT系统的瓶颈。系统的效率取决于整流器的功率转换效率(PCE)。由于第五代通信系统的最新进展,希望提出一种工作在6 GHz以下5G频段的高效整流器。设计并演示了用于MEH/MPT目的的双频整流电路,特别是在低于6 GHz的5G频段。双频匹配是通过采用阶跃阻抗传输线实现的。整流器覆盖N78 (3.3-3.6 GHz)和N79 (4.8-5.0 GHz)频段。峰值PCE在3.5 GHz时达到67.6%,在4.9 GHz时达到56.8%。为了验证该整流器的有效性,对其进行了制作和表征,测量结果与仿真结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
Different 2D and 3D mask constraints synthesis for large array pattern shaping 不同二维和三维掩模约束合成的大阵列方向图成形
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001198
Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader
Abstract In this article, different 2D and 3D mask styles for synthesizing large array pattern shaping to meet the requirements of modern applications are realized. The composition of the different beam pattern shaping is achieved by comparing the array factor with the proposed masks whose details (upper and lower borders) are predefined according to the designer. The generated pattern shapes are as follows: unscanned 2D single-pencil beam, scanned 2D pencil beam, 2D multi-beam scanning, 2D wide flat beam with little ripple, unscanned 3D single-pencil beam, 3D multi-beam scanning, and footprint (or contour) pattern for linear and planar arrays. The process of constructing these patterns is followed by predicting the amplitude-only weights (i.e., the phase weighting is considered zero in all computations) of the elements using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In all proposed masks, different sidelobe levels are controlled, ranging from −20 to −100 dB. Also, the radiated beamwidth is controlled, ranging from 0.1334 rad (7.6 deg.) to 0.4 rad (23 deg.). The analysis and construction of linear and planar array arrangements depend on the formulation of antenna array theory through the implementation of the proposed (estimated) equations using MATLAB code. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods in controlling the pattern shape according to the required modern trends.
本文实现了不同的二维和三维掩模样式,用于综合大阵列方向图整形,以满足现代应用的要求。通过将阵列因子与所提出的掩模(其细节(上边界和下边界)根据设计者预先定义)进行比较,可以实现不同波束模式整形的组成。生成的图案形状如下:未扫描的2D单笔束、扫描的2D笔束、2D多束扫描、纹波小的2D宽平束、未扫描的3D单笔束、3D多束扫描以及线性和平面阵列的足迹(或轮廓)图案。在构建这些模式的过程中,随后使用粒子群优化算法预测元素的仅振幅权重(即,在所有计算中认为相位权重为零)。在所有提出的掩模中,不同的旁瓣电平被控制,范围从- 20到- 100 dB。此外,辐射波束宽度是可控的,范围从0.1334拉德(7.6度)到0.4拉德(23度)。线性和平面阵列布置的分析和构造依赖于天线阵列理论的制定,通过使用MATLAB代码实现所提出的(估计的)方程。仿真结果表明,所提方法能有效地控制图案形状,使之符合现代发展趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Highly sensitive RF sensor based on microstrip meander line for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties of alcohol–alcohol mixtures 基于微带弯曲线的高灵敏度射频传感器用于测量酒精-酒精混合物的微流体介电特性
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001113
Huan Zou, Yiyun Wang, Xiaoqin Liu, Haiyang Wang
Abstract In this paper, a radio frequency sensor for measuring microfluidics dielectric properties is designed based on microstrip meander line. The meander sensor replaces the straight transmission lines with meander transmission lines in the part of the half-wavelength path difference to improve the sensitivity of the sensor and reduce its size. According to the experimental results, the meander sensor based on the meander line has higher accuracy and a lower relative error than the straight sensor in measuring methanol–ethanol mixtures with different molar fractions. The relative error measured by the meander sensor after calibration with an adjustable cavity is less than 1%. It is easier to detect the very slight variation in dielectric properties brought about by microfluidics. The detection technique can be further applied for the accurate detection of dielectric properties of valuable biological samples, providing a more concise and convenient way.
摘要本文设计了一种基于微带曲线的微流体介电特性测量射频传感器。弯曲传感器在半波长程差部分用弯曲传输线代替直线传输线,提高了传感器的灵敏度,减小了传感器的尺寸。实验结果表明,基于曲流线的曲流传感器在测量不同摩尔分数的甲醇-乙醇混合物时,具有较高的精度和较低的相对误差。用可调腔标定后测得的相对误差小于1%。微流体引起的介电特性的微小变化更容易检测。该检测技术可进一步应用于有价值生物样品介电性质的准确检测,提供了一种更简洁、方便的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Design and analysis of an energy selective 能量选择器的设计与分析
4区 计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001058
Kun Yan, Yi Wang, Xiaofan Min, Lei Tang, Yu Xia, You Li
Abstract By combining the technique of energy selective surface and frequency selective rasorber, an energy selective rasorber is proposed, which performs selective energy protection in the low communication frequency band (0.8–2 GHz) and wave-absorbing property in the high-frequency band (6–18 GHz). The design consists of two layers, of which the bottom one contains a lumped diode structure for energy selection function in the transmission band, while together with the top layer, they perform a wideband wave absorbing function. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other, and both show good absorption in 6–18 GHz and energy-selective property around 1.86 GHz. That is, when the incident power changes from −30 to 14 dBm, the reflection coefficient changes from below −22 dB to above −2 dB, while the transmission coefficient changes from above −3 dB to below −17 dB.
摘要将能量选择表面和频率选择反射器技术相结合,提出了一种能量选择反射器,该反射器在通信低频段(0.8 ~ 2 GHz)具有选择性能量保护,在高频频段(6 ~ 18 GHz)具有吸波特性。该设计由两层组成,其中底层包含一个集总二极管结构,用于传输波段的能量选择功能,而顶层则具有宽带吸波功能。仿真结果与实测结果吻合良好,在6 ~ 18 GHz范围内具有良好的吸收特性,在1.86 GHz范围内具有良好的能量选择性。也就是说,当入射功率从−30 ~ 14dbm变化时,反射系数从−22 dB以下变化到−2 dB以上,透射系数从−3 dB以上变化到−17 dB以下。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies
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