Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001149
Atanu Chowdhury, Prashant Ranjan
This research article represents the design of a simple, smaller, and novel frequency reconfigurable patch antenna for 5G communication using PIN diodes. This antenna operates in both mid-5G and high-5G bands. The antenna is intended to operate in eight distinct modes with three PIN diodes in 5G wireless communication covering 27.46–50 GHz of high-5G band (range n257/n258/n260/n261/n262) and frequencies of the 3–6 GHz of mid-5G band (range n77/n78/n79/n46). The antenna has an overall size of 20 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm and is placed upon a low-cost FR4 substrate. A higher radiation efficiency from 75% to 98% is achieved in all the different modes. The resonant frequencies are around 3.46, 4.43, 5.83, 31.8, 35.5, and 46 GHz in different modes of operation. Different switching statuses have been carried out in this research work and their performances have also been illustrated in the form of surface current distribution in different resonant frequencies. The simulated and measured results are compared to highlight its proposed design operation.
{"title":"A novel PIN diode-based frequency reconfigurable patch antenna with switching between the mid-5G and high-5G frequency band","authors":"Atanu Chowdhury, Prashant Ranjan","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research article represents the design of a simple, smaller, and novel frequency reconfigurable patch antenna for 5G communication using PIN diodes. This antenna operates in both mid-5G and high-5G bands. The antenna is intended to operate in eight distinct modes with three PIN diodes in 5G wireless communication covering 27.46–50 GHz of high-5G band (range n257/n258/n260/n261/n262) and frequencies of the 3–6 GHz of mid-5G band (range n77/n78/n79/n46). The antenna has an overall size of 20 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm and is placed upon a low-cost FR4 substrate. A higher radiation efficiency from 75% to 98% is achieved in all the different modes. The resonant frequencies are around 3.46, 4.43, 5.83, 31.8, 35.5, and 46 GHz in different modes of operation. Different switching statuses have been carried out in this research work and their performances have also been illustrated in the form of surface current distribution in different resonant frequencies. The simulated and measured results are compared to highlight its proposed design operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723000909
Kun Chai, Zhi Li, Yajuan Zhao, Liping Han, Guorui Han, Yufeng Liu
A low-profile wideband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna is demonstrated for C-band applications. The metasurface consists of 4 × 4 square patches with Z-shaped slots. Characteristic mode analysis is used to investigate the modal behavior of the metasurface, and a pair of degenerate modes is chosen as the operating modes. The CP radiation is realized by exciting a pair of degenerate modes of the metasurface through a slot antenna, which is used as a feed structure with a 90° phase difference. The CP bandwidth is further widened by combining the resonance modes of the metasurface and slot antenna. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.47–4.76 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 3.5–4.9 GHz with a peak gain of 6.9 dBic. Moreover, the antenna exhibits well left-hand CP radiation performances with a low profile of 0.046λ0.
为 C 波段应用展示了一种低调的宽带圆极化（CP）元面天线。元表面由带有 Z 形槽的 4 × 4 正方形贴片组成。利用特征模态分析研究了元表面的模态行为，并选择了一对退化模态作为工作模态。通过将槽形天线用作具有 90° 相位差的馈电结构来激励元表面的一对退化模式，从而实现了 CP 辐射。通过结合元表面和槽形天线的共振模式，CP 带宽进一步拓宽。测量结果表明，天线的 -10 dB 阻抗带宽为 3.47-4.76 GHz，3 dB 轴比带宽为 3.5-4.9 GHz，峰值增益为 6.9 dBic。此外，该天线具有良好的左旋 CP 辐射性能，外形低矮（0.046λ0）。
{"title":"A low-profile wideband circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis","authors":"Kun Chai, Zhi Li, Yajuan Zhao, Liping Han, Guorui Han, Yufeng Liu","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723000909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723000909","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A low-profile wideband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna is demonstrated for C-band applications. The metasurface consists of 4 × 4 square patches with Z-shaped slots. Characteristic mode analysis is used to investigate the modal behavior of the metasurface, and a pair of degenerate modes is chosen as the operating modes. The CP radiation is realized by exciting a pair of degenerate modes of the metasurface through a slot antenna, which is used as a feed structure with a 90° phase difference. The CP bandwidth is further widened by combining the resonance modes of the metasurface and slot antenna. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.47–4.76 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 3.5–4.9 GHz with a peak gain of 6.9 dBic. Moreover, the antenna exhibits well left-hand CP radiation performances with a low profile of 0.046<span>λ</span><span>0</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001265
Alexandre Causse, Loïc Bernard, Sylvain Collardey, Ala Sharaiha
In this article, the cylindrical conformation of a linearly polarized cavity-backed magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is studied. Starting from a planar ME antenna presenting a wide bandwidth due to a specific design of its feeding probe, the impact of conformation is shown; the coupling between the ME dipole and the cavity walls is demonstrated to be the key element to keep a wideband behavior. Conformal antennas offering the same impedance bandwidth as the planar antenna are presented operating at Global Navigation Satellite System frequencies (1.164–1.61 GHz). As a result of the conformation, the antenna size has to be reduced to maintain the coupling and a wideband behavior. A prototype conformed to a 44-mm radius cylinder was built using low-cost additive manufacturing. External dimensions of 62 × 62 × 35 mm3 (0.285 × 0.285 × 0.16λ03, where λ0 is the wavelength at 1.38 GHz) were obtained, showing a ground plane area reduction of 46% compared to the planar antenna with the same materials. The conformal antenna also exhibits very steady radiation properties with a gain of around 4.5 dBi and a very similar and stable 3 dB beamwidth around 113° in E- and H-planes. A relatively good agreement is found between measurements and simulation.
{"title":"Cylindrical conformation and miniaturization of cavity-backed magnetoelectric antenna with an outer Γ-shaped probe","authors":"Alexandre Causse, Loïc Bernard, Sylvain Collardey, Ala Sharaiha","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, the cylindrical conformation of a linearly polarized cavity-backed magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is studied. Starting from a planar ME antenna presenting a wide bandwidth due to a specific design of its feeding probe, the impact of conformation is shown; the coupling between the ME dipole and the cavity walls is demonstrated to be the key element to keep a wideband behavior. Conformal antennas offering the same impedance bandwidth as the planar antenna are presented operating at Global Navigation Satellite System frequencies (1.164–1.61 GHz). As a result of the conformation, the antenna size has to be reduced to maintain the coupling and a wideband behavior. A prototype conformed to a 44-mm radius cylinder was built using low-cost additive manufacturing. External dimensions of 62 × 62 × 35 mm<span>3</span> (0.285 × 0.285 × 0.16λ<span>0</span><span>3</span>, where λ<span>0</span> is the wavelength at 1.38 GHz) were obtained, showing a ground plane area reduction of 46% compared to the planar antenna with the same materials. The conformal antenna also exhibits very steady radiation properties with a gain of around 4.5 dBi and a very similar and stable 3 dB beamwidth around 113° in E- and H-planes. A relatively good agreement is found between measurements and simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001368
David Starke, Jonathan Bott, Florian Vogelsang, Benedikt Sievert, Jan Barowski, Christian Schulz, Holger Rücker, Andreas Rennings, Daniel Erni, Ilona Rolfes, Nils Pohl
Electronic measurement systems in the THz frequency range are often bulky and expensive devices. While some compact single-chip systems operating in the high millimeter-wave frequency range have recently been published, compact measurement systems in the low THz frequency range are still rare. The emergence of new silicon-germanium (SiGe) semiconductor technologies allow the integration of system components, like oscillators, frequency multipliers, frequency dividers, and antennas, operating in the low THz frequency range, into a compact monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), which contains most components to implement a low-cost and compact frequency-modulated continuous-wave-radar transceiver. This article presents a single transceiver solution containing all necessary components. It introduces a <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline2.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$0.48,mathrm{THz}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> radar transceiver MMIC with a tuning range of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline3.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$43,mathrm{GHz}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> and an output power of up to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline4.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$-9.4,mathrm{dBm}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in the SG13G3 <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline5.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$130,mathrm{nm}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> SiGe technology by IHP. The MMIC is complemented by a dielectric lens antenna design consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, providing up to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline6.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$39.3,mathrm dmathrm Bmathrm i$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> of directivity and half-power beam widths of 0.95<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup> in transmit and receive direction. The suppression of clutter from unwanted targets deviating from antenna boresight more than 6<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup> is higher than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" mime-subtype="png" mimetype="image" xlink:href="S1759078723001368_inline7.png" /> <jats:tex-math>$24.6,mathrm d mathrm B$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in E-
{"title":"A compact and fully integrated FMCW radar transceiver combined with a dielectric lens","authors":"David Starke, Jonathan Bott, Florian Vogelsang, Benedikt Sievert, Jan Barowski, Christian Schulz, Holger Rücker, Andreas Rennings, Daniel Erni, Ilona Rolfes, Nils Pohl","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001368","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic measurement systems in the THz frequency range are often bulky and expensive devices. While some compact single-chip systems operating in the high millimeter-wave frequency range have recently been published, compact measurement systems in the low THz frequency range are still rare. The emergence of new silicon-germanium (SiGe) semiconductor technologies allow the integration of system components, like oscillators, frequency multipliers, frequency dividers, and antennas, operating in the low THz frequency range, into a compact monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC), which contains most components to implement a low-cost and compact frequency-modulated continuous-wave-radar transceiver. This article presents a single transceiver solution containing all necessary components. It introduces a <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline2.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$0.48,mathrm{THz}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> radar transceiver MMIC with a tuning range of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline3.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$43,mathrm{GHz}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> and an output power of up to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline4.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$-9.4,mathrm{dBm}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in the SG13G3 <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline5.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$130,mathrm{nm}$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> SiGe technology by IHP. The MMIC is complemented by a dielectric lens antenna design consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, providing up to <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline6.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$39.3,mathrm dmathrm Bmathrm i$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> of directivity and half-power beam widths of 0.95<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup> in transmit and receive direction. The suppression of clutter from unwanted targets deviating from antenna boresight more than 6<jats:sup>∘</jats:sup> is higher than <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" mimetype=\"image\" xlink:href=\"S1759078723001368_inline7.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>$24.6,mathrm d mathrm B$</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in E- ","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001344
Audrey Martin
{"title":"IJMWT special issue on the 2022 French Microwave Days","authors":"Audrey Martin","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001277
Zhongyuan Lu, Han Lin, Zhonggen Wang, Wenyan Nie, Weidong Mu
An ultra-wideband (UWB) and compact-size four-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with a footprint of 34 mm × 34 mm fed by an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) is investigated. The proposed antenna is composed of four orthogonally placed identical modified elliptical-shaped radiators and achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.4–12.2 GHz. By etching two inverted L-shaped slots in the radiator element, WLAN band and X-band are rejected in the operating communication range. Because of the usage of a meander line decoupler, the isolation enhancement at the 8–12 GHz band is achieved and the isolation is more than 18 dB for most of the UWB range. The performance of the proposed antenna is studied in terms of isolation between each port, radiation pattern, current distribution, gain, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and total active reflection coefficient. The compact size and reduced complexity make the proposed design highly suitable for portable devices.
研究了一种采用非对称共面带馈电的超宽带(UWB)紧凑型四端口多输入多输出(MIMO)天线，其尺寸为34 mm × 34 mm。该天线由4个正交放置的相同改进型椭圆形辐射体组成，阻抗带宽为3.4-12.2 GHz。通过在辐射元件上蚀刻两个倒l型槽，在工作通信范围内将WLAN频段和x频段拒之在外。由于使用了曲线解耦器，实现了8-12 GHz频段的隔离增强，并且在大多数UWB范围内隔离度大于18 dB。从各端口之间的隔离、辐射方向图、电流分布、增益、包络相关系数、分集增益和总主动反射系数等方面研究了该天线的性能。紧凑的尺寸和降低的复杂性使所提出的设计非常适合便携式设备。
{"title":"Compact ACS-fed MIMO antenna with dual-band notch characteristics for UWB applications","authors":"Zhongyuan Lu, Han Lin, Zhonggen Wang, Wenyan Nie, Weidong Mu","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001277","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-wideband (UWB) and compact-size four-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with a footprint of 34 mm × 34 mm fed by an asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) is investigated. The proposed antenna is composed of four orthogonally placed identical modified elliptical-shaped radiators and achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.4–12.2 GHz. By etching two inverted L-shaped slots in the radiator element, WLAN band and X-band are rejected in the operating communication range. Because of the usage of a meander line decoupler, the isolation enhancement at the 8–12 GHz band is achieved and the isolation is more than 18 dB for most of the UWB range. The performance of the proposed antenna is studied in terms of isolation between each port, radiation pattern, current distribution, gain, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and total active reflection coefficient. The compact size and reduced complexity make the proposed design highly suitable for portable devices.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"118 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work presents an implantable antenna that operates at 5.8 GHz. By using a radiator with a loop-based design, the antenna can be made smaller. Radiator is made up of three connected rectangular loops. On the substrate’s back side, an I-shaped ground plane is used. As substrate and superstrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with dimensions of 7 mm × 5 mm × 0.3 mm is used. The conducting sections are made using copper foil that is 30 µm thick. The suggested antenna is examined by the implantable medical device using realistic human scalp phantom models and a homogenous skin box. Simulated study revealed that it operates around 5.8 GHz with a bandwidth from 5.69 to 5.92 GHz. The specific absorption rate was 0.28 and 0.26 W/kg for skin box and human scalp phantoms, respectively, at 1 mW input power across 1 g volume tissue.
本研究提出了一种工作频率为5.8 GHz的植入式天线。通过使用环路设计的散热器，天线可以做得更小。散热器由三个相连的矩形回路组成。在基板背面，使用i形接平面。衬底和上覆层采用尺寸为7 mm × 5 mm × 0.3 mm的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)。导线部分采用厚为30µm的铜箔制作。所建议的天线是由植入式医疗设备使用真实的人体头皮幻影模型和一个均匀的皮肤盒。仿真研究表明，它工作在5.8 GHz左右，带宽在5.69 ~ 5.92 GHz之间。在1mw的输入功率下，皮肤盒和人体头皮的比吸收率分别为0.28和0.26 W/kg。
{"title":"Compact size antenna for skin implantable medical devices","authors":"Doondi Kumar Janapala, Nesasudha Moses, Jebasingh Bhagavathsingh","doi":"10.1017/s175907872300137x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175907872300137x","url":null,"abstract":"This research work presents an implantable antenna that operates at 5.8 GHz. By using a radiator with a loop-based design, the antenna can be made smaller. Radiator is made up of three connected rectangular loops. On the substrate’s back side, an I-shaped ground plane is used. As substrate and superstrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with dimensions of 7 mm × 5 mm × 0.3 mm is used. The conducting sections are made using copper foil that is 30 µm thick. The suggested antenna is examined by the implantable medical device using realistic human scalp phantom models and a homogenous skin box. Simulated study revealed that it operates around 5.8 GHz with a bandwidth from 5.69 to 5.92 GHz. The specific absorption rate was 0.28 and 0.26 W/kg for skin box and human scalp phantoms, respectively, at 1 mW input power across 1 g volume tissue.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001253
Xunchao Liu, Hongli Miao, Jiajie Chen
Establishing a precise electromagnetic scattering model of surfaces is of great significance for comprehending the underlying mechanics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. To describe surface electromagnetic scattering more comprehensively, this paper established a nonlinear integral equation model with the Creamer model and bispectrum (IEM-C). Based on the IEM-C model, the effect of parameters, such as radar wave incidence angle, wind speed and direction of sea surfaces, and different polarization modes on the backscattering coefficients of C-band radar waves, was systematically evaluated. The results show that the IEM-C model can characterize both the vertical nonlinear features due to wave interactions and the horizontal nonlinear features due to the wind direction. The sensitivity of the sea surface backscattering coefficient in the IEM-C model to nonlinear effects varies with different incident angles. At the incident angle of 30°, the IEM-C model exhibits the most significant nonlinear effects. The nonlinear effects of the IEM-C model vary under different wind speeds. By comparing with the measured data, it is proved that the IEM-C model is closer to the real sea surface scattering situation than the IEM model.
{"title":"Investigating electromagnetic scattering characteristics based on a nonlinear sea surface","authors":"Xunchao Liu, Hongli Miao, Jiajie Chen","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001253","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a precise electromagnetic scattering model of surfaces is of great significance for comprehending the underlying mechanics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. To describe surface electromagnetic scattering more comprehensively, this paper established a nonlinear integral equation model with the Creamer model and bispectrum (IEM-C). Based on the IEM-C model, the effect of parameters, such as radar wave incidence angle, wind speed and direction of sea surfaces, and different polarization modes on the backscattering coefficients of C-band radar waves, was systematically evaluated. The results show that the IEM-C model can characterize both the vertical nonlinear features due to wave interactions and the horizontal nonlinear features due to the wind direction. The sensitivity of the sea surface backscattering coefficient in the IEM-C model to nonlinear effects varies with different incident angles. At the incident angle of 30°, the IEM-C model exhibits the most significant nonlinear effects. The nonlinear effects of the IEM-C model vary under different wind speeds. By comparing with the measured data, it is proved that the IEM-C model is closer to the real sea surface scattering situation than the IEM model.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001216
Simon J. Mahon, MacCrae G. McCulloch, Jakov Mihaljevic, Melissa C. Gorman, Anthony E. Parker, Michael C. Heimlich
Single-ended and balanced 90–120 GHz microstrip power amplifier MMICs have been designed for cost-sensitive 5G and 6G backhaul in a commercial 6-inch, 0.1-µm GaAs process. At 108 GHz, measured output power is 20.4 and 22.5 dBm, respectively. At 120 GHz, measured output is 12.6 and 17.4 dBm, respectively. This is the highest reported for GaAs, among the highest reported to date for microstrip MMIC amplifiers at these frequencies and competitive with more expensive InP and GaN processes. Measurement is compared with simulation.
{"title":"120 GHz microstrip power amplifier MMICs in a commercial GaAs process","authors":"Simon J. Mahon, MacCrae G. McCulloch, Jakov Mihaljevic, Melissa C. Gorman, Anthony E. Parker, Michael C. Heimlich","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001216","url":null,"abstract":"Single-ended and balanced 90–120 GHz microstrip power amplifier MMICs have been designed for cost-sensitive 5G and 6G backhaul in a commercial 6-inch, 0.1-µm GaAs process. At 108 GHz, measured output power is 20.4 and 22.5 dBm, respectively. At 120 GHz, measured output is 12.6 and 17.4 dBm, respectively. This is the highest reported for GaAs, among the highest reported to date for microstrip MMIC amplifiers at these frequencies and competitive with more expensive InP and GaN processes. Measurement is compared with simulation.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"209 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138509694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001332
Ashish Suri, Kumud Ranjan Jha
Radar absorption structures made of an active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS) have enormous potential in the aviation, naval, and other industries. In this research paper, a systematic review (SR) is carried out in the field of the AFSS to bring uncertainties, obstacles, challenges, classifications, applications, and design issues that arrive in the development of the sub-6 GHz architecture. To bias the AFSS component, as per the signal requirements, a unique set of circuits (PIN diode) is required, with ON and OFF state and a transmission zone. The bandwidth of which is determined by the bias voltage supplied. It can behave as a complicated hybrid impedance structure by providing ON and OFF biasing voltage to a PIN diode embodied in an FSS structure. Higher manufacturing costs of AFSS components, more significant complexities involved, a large amount of power consumption, and reactive impedance losses are some common limitations faced while implementing and designing an AFSS. Many envisioned problems are corrected with the AFSS design, current or creative implementations, and processing parameters are investigated progressively. It implies that new AFSSs will be an alternative to regular FSSs in the future. This paper is based on Kitchenham’s three-phase review procedure and supplements it with results, views, and recommendations from other leading experts in the field.
{"title":"Active frequency selective surfaces: a systematic review for sub-6 GHz band","authors":"Ashish Suri, Kumud Ranjan Jha","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001332","url":null,"abstract":"Radar absorption structures made of an active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS) have enormous potential in the aviation, naval, and other industries. In this research paper, a systematic review (SR) is carried out in the field of the AFSS to bring uncertainties, obstacles, challenges, classifications, applications, and design issues that arrive in the development of the sub-6 GHz architecture. To bias the AFSS component, as per the signal requirements, a unique set of circuits (PIN diode) is required, with ON and OFF state and a transmission zone. The bandwidth of which is determined by the bias voltage supplied. It can behave as a complicated hybrid impedance structure by providing ON and OFF biasing voltage to a PIN diode embodied in an FSS structure. Higher manufacturing costs of AFSS components, more significant complexities involved, a large amount of power consumption, and reactive impedance losses are some common limitations faced while implementing and designing an AFSS. Many envisioned problems are corrected with the AFSS design, current or creative implementations, and processing parameters are investigated progressively. It implies that new AFSSs will be an alternative to regular FSSs in the future. This paper is based on Kitchenham’s three-phase review procedure and supplements it with results, views, and recommendations from other leading experts in the field.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138529677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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