Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001101
Mohammed Husam Alsakka, Mohammed Zewani, Abdelrazak Albadawieh
Abstract With the rapid development of communication technology, the researches of multi-band filtering circuits have become more and more important. Multimode resonator (MMR) is one of the vital methods to provide multi-resonant modes within a single design. In this paper, a dual-band ultra-wideband bandpass filter (UWB-BPF) using stepped impedance stub-loaded resonators (SI-SLR) is presented. The main advantage of using SI-SLR is to have better performance with multimode behavior and more parameters to control resonant modes. SI-SLR combines the advantages of SIR and SLR structures, which gives a compact, high-performance multiband filter. The proposed filter design has compact size, sharp and flat response with low insertion loss (IL), low return loss (RL), and high band-to-band rejection. The filter is designed for UWB communication in wireless body area networks and fabricated on Arlon substrate with relative permittivity ${varepsilon_{textrm{r}}} = 3.25$ , thickness $0.8;{textrm{mm}}$ . The resulted dual-bands are centered at $4{textrm{ GHz}}$ and $8.3{textrm{ GHz}}$ with fractional bandwidths $37{textrm{% }}$ and $48{textrm{%}}$ . The simulation was carried out using CST Microwave Studio. The filter provides good passband performances, with IL 0.49 dB and 0.31 dB at the center frequency of lower and higher bands, respectively. The band-to-band 40 dB rejection is realized by adding circular spiral at the input/output of the filter.
{"title":"Dual UWB bandpass filter with highly band-to-band rejection using stepped impedance stub-loaded resonators for WBAN health-care applications","authors":"Mohammed Husam Alsakka, Mohammed Zewani, Abdelrazak Albadawieh","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the rapid development of communication technology, the researches of multi-band filtering circuits have become more and more important. Multimode resonator (MMR) is one of the vital methods to provide multi-resonant modes within a single design. In this paper, a dual-band ultra-wideband bandpass filter (UWB-BPF) using stepped impedance stub-loaded resonators (SI-SLR) is presented. The main advantage of using SI-SLR is to have better performance with multimode behavior and more parameters to control resonant modes. SI-SLR combines the advantages of SIR and SLR structures, which gives a compact, high-performance multiband filter. The proposed filter design has compact size, sharp and flat response with low insertion loss (IL), low return loss (RL), and high band-to-band rejection. The filter is designed for UWB communication in wireless body area networks and fabricated on Arlon substrate with relative permittivity ${varepsilon_{textrm{r}}} = 3.25$ , thickness $0.8;{textrm{mm}}$ . The resulted dual-bands are centered at $4{textrm{ GHz}}$ and $8.3{textrm{ GHz}}$ with fractional bandwidths $37{textrm{% }}$ and $48{textrm{%}}$ . The simulation was carried out using CST Microwave Studio. The filter provides good passband performances, with IL 0.49 dB and 0.31 dB at the center frequency of lower and higher bands, respectively. The band-to-band 40 dB rejection is realized by adding circular spiral at the input/output of the filter.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001125
Mohammad Mahdi Pezhman, Abbas Ali Heidari, Ali Ghafoorzadeh-Yazdi, Fatemeh Homayoon, Hamed Shahraki
Abstract This paper presents a low-profile six-beam antenna implemented by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 beamforming network (BFN) and a 6 × 2 slot antenna in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The main components of the proposed 6 × 6 BFN are 3 × 3 multi-aperture couplers, interlayer hybrid couplers, and several phase shifters which are embedded on two microwave substrates. The proposed antenna has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for the frequency range of 28–32 GHz. The size of this antenna is 82 × 31.8 × 0.787 mm 3 , which can be a suitable choice for 5G applications due to its compact dimensions compared to similar works. Prototype testing shows that the proposed structure presents a stable beamforming performance both in simulation and measurement with good agreement. The antenna generates six radiation beams in directions ±9°, ±30°, and ±54° with good return losses and isolations.
{"title":"A low-profile SIW multi-beam antenna array fed by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 BFN","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Pezhman, Abbas Ali Heidari, Ali Ghafoorzadeh-Yazdi, Fatemeh Homayoon, Hamed Shahraki","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a low-profile six-beam antenna implemented by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 beamforming network (BFN) and a 6 × 2 slot antenna in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The main components of the proposed 6 × 6 BFN are 3 × 3 multi-aperture couplers, interlayer hybrid couplers, and several phase shifters which are embedded on two microwave substrates. The proposed antenna has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for the frequency range of 28–32 GHz. The size of this antenna is 82 × 31.8 × 0.787 mm 3 , which can be a suitable choice for 5G applications due to its compact dimensions compared to similar works. Prototype testing shows that the proposed structure presents a stable beamforming performance both in simulation and measurement with good agreement. The antenna generates six radiation beams in directions ±9°, ±30°, and ±54° with good return losses and isolations.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001046
Stelios P. Tsitsos, Ioannis C. Giannenas
Abstract A simple and compact three-way planar power divider, which avoids the floating common node of the isolation resistors, is presented. The proposed structure exhibits a wideband operation (measured frequency range of 1.6–3.3 GHz and bandwidth of 69.4%) with good return loss and isolation characteristics. Transmission line theory is used for the mathematical analysis and extraction of design equations, followed by simulations and experimental measurements that confirm the predicted results. The proposed divider achieves an equal power split (∼32%, −4.9 ± 0.4 dB insertion loss) between the input and each output port. The measured return loss is better than −10 dB at all ports, and the measured maximum isolation is close to −30 dB. The proposed design exhibits a fully planar structure, thus eliminating the need for a floating common node for the isolation resistors. Additionally, its structure is much simpler (i.e., no coupled lines, crossovers, or lumped capacitors are required) than other designs, achieves wideband operation, and provides design simplicity, flexibility, and easy implementation. Despite its simple noncomplicated structure, the proposed three-way planar divider achieves similar (or in some cases, better) performance and size than other more complicated structures. Furthermore, it can be expanded to an n -way structure.
{"title":"Compact three-way planar power divider with a simple structure","authors":"Stelios P. Tsitsos, Ioannis C. Giannenas","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A simple and compact three-way planar power divider, which avoids the floating common node of the isolation resistors, is presented. The proposed structure exhibits a wideband operation (measured frequency range of 1.6–3.3 GHz and bandwidth of 69.4%) with good return loss and isolation characteristics. Transmission line theory is used for the mathematical analysis and extraction of design equations, followed by simulations and experimental measurements that confirm the predicted results. The proposed divider achieves an equal power split (∼32%, −4.9 ± 0.4 dB insertion loss) between the input and each output port. The measured return loss is better than −10 dB at all ports, and the measured maximum isolation is close to −30 dB. The proposed design exhibits a fully planar structure, thus eliminating the need for a floating common node for the isolation resistors. Additionally, its structure is much simpler (i.e., no coupled lines, crossovers, or lumped capacitors are required) than other designs, achieves wideband operation, and provides design simplicity, flexibility, and easy implementation. Despite its simple noncomplicated structure, the proposed three-way planar divider achieves similar (or in some cases, better) performance and size than other more complicated structures. Furthermore, it can be expanded to an n -way structure.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001137
Jere Rusanen, Alok Sethi, Nuutti Tervo, Veeti Kiuru, Timo Rahkonen, Aarno Pärssinen, Janne P. Aikio
Abstract This paper presents an integrated power amplifier (PA) following the orthogonal load-modulated balanced amplifier (OLMBA) topology. The fixed-phase prototype in this paper is implemented with 22 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) process. The proposed PA operates at 26 GHz frequency range, where it achieves 19.5 dBm output power, 16.6 dB gain, 15.7% power added efficiency, and 18.3 dBm output 1-dB compression point ( $P_{rm 1,dB}$ ). The PA is also tested with high dynamic range modulated signals, and it achieves, respectively, 11.4 dBm and 4.9 dBm average output power ( P avg ) with 100 MHz and 400 MHz 64-QAM third-generation partnership project/new radio frequency range 2 signals, and 14 dBm P avg with 0.6 Gb/s (120 MHz) single carrier 64-QAM signal, measured at 26 GHz and using −28 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio and −21.9 dB (8%) error vector magnitude as threshold values. The proposed OLMBA is also compared to a stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA. Modulated measurements show that the stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA has better linearity in deep back-off, but the OLMBA has better efficiency.
{"title":"Ka-band stacked and pseudo-differential orthogonal load-modulated balanced power amplifier in 22 nm CMOS FDSOI","authors":"Jere Rusanen, Alok Sethi, Nuutti Tervo, Veeti Kiuru, Timo Rahkonen, Aarno Pärssinen, Janne P. Aikio","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an integrated power amplifier (PA) following the orthogonal load-modulated balanced amplifier (OLMBA) topology. The fixed-phase prototype in this paper is implemented with 22 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) process. The proposed PA operates at 26 GHz frequency range, where it achieves 19.5 dBm output power, 16.6 dB gain, 15.7% power added efficiency, and 18.3 dBm output 1-dB compression point ( $P_{rm 1,dB}$ ). The PA is also tested with high dynamic range modulated signals, and it achieves, respectively, 11.4 dBm and 4.9 dBm average output power ( P avg ) with 100 MHz and 400 MHz 64-QAM third-generation partnership project/new radio frequency range 2 signals, and 14 dBm P avg with 0.6 Gb/s (120 MHz) single carrier 64-QAM signal, measured at 26 GHz and using −28 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio and −21.9 dB (8%) error vector magnitude as threshold values. The proposed OLMBA is also compared to a stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA. Modulated measurements show that the stand-alone quadrature-balanced PA has better linearity in deep back-off, but the OLMBA has better efficiency.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.02
Deven A Gol, Nikhil Gondaliya
The blockchain technology has been widely adopted for various applications due to its decentralization, transparency, and security features. Consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), are fundamental components of blockchain technology, ensuring the integrity and validity of the blockchain network. However, the current consensus algorithms face challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and security threats. To address these challenges, a new secure network for streamlined and high-performance consensus algorithm based on blockchain technology has been proposed. This new network incorporates the advantages of PoW and PoS, resulting in a hybrid consensus algorithm that is more efficient and secure than the existing algorithms. Additionally, the new network utilizes a dynamic sharding mechanism to improve scalability, reducing the overall processing time of transactions. The simulation results help identify potential vulnerabilities and inefficiencies in the consensus algorithm. Optimal combinations of block interval and propagation delay are determined based on specific use cases, balancing high throughput with security and consensus stability. The study also validates the security of Proof-of-Work (PoW) by comparing the fraction of generated blocks with the expected blocks based on miners' hashing power. This study establishes a foundation for future improvements in consensus algorithms, contributing to their evolution and facilitating the implementation of blockchain applications in various domains such as finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and more. The proposed solution aims to provide a more robust and efficient blockchain platform that can handle a higher volume of transactions while maintaining its security features.
{"title":"A Secure Network for Streamlined and HighPerformance Consensus Algorithm based on Blockchain Technology","authors":"Deven A Gol, Nikhil Gondaliya","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.02","url":null,"abstract":"The blockchain technology has been widely adopted for various applications due to its decentralization, transparency, and security features. Consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), are fundamental components of blockchain technology, ensuring the integrity and validity of the blockchain network. However, the current consensus algorithms face challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and security threats. To address these challenges, a new secure network for streamlined and high-performance consensus algorithm based on blockchain technology has been proposed. This new network incorporates the advantages of PoW and PoS, resulting in a hybrid consensus algorithm that is more efficient and secure than the existing algorithms. Additionally, the new network utilizes a dynamic sharding mechanism to improve scalability, reducing the overall processing time of transactions. The simulation results help identify potential vulnerabilities and inefficiencies in the consensus algorithm. Optimal combinations of block interval and propagation delay are determined based on specific use cases, balancing high throughput with security and consensus stability. The study also validates the security of Proof-of-Work (PoW) by comparing the fraction of generated blocks with the expected blocks based on miners' hashing power. This study establishes a foundation for future improvements in consensus algorithms, contributing to their evolution and facilitating the implementation of blockchain applications in various domains such as finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and more. The proposed solution aims to provide a more robust and efficient blockchain platform that can handle a higher volume of transactions while maintaining its security features.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.04
Khaled A. M. Al Soufy, Nagi H. Al-Ashwal, Faisal S. Al-Kamali, Redhwan Saad, Majed A. AL-Sayadi
The millimeter wave (mmWave) band has gained significant attention due to its potential to cater to the rapidly increasing wireless data rates. Due to the reduced wavelength in mmWave communications, it is possible to implement large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and the receiver. Designing small antennas in the mmWave range presents many challenges, which is the main aim of this paper. The aim of this work is to proposed an efficient design of a dual-band mmWave antenna, with the dimension of 26.5mm×7.0mm×0.254mm, for future cellular communication systems using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The elements of the proposed antenna consist of SIW cavity with one longer longitudinal slot and another shorter engraved slot in one of the conducting planes (1×2) for 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The substrate duroid 5880/Rogers are used with a loss tangent and dielectric constant of 0.003 and 2.2, respectively. The CST Microwave Studio, an industry-standard software, was utilized to conduct the simulation results. The proposed antenna's performance was evaluated by analyzing its gain, radiation pattern, and return loss at the frequencies of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. Furthermore, it is compared with other relative works. The single antenna element was able to attain an impedance bandwidth (S11< -10 dB) of 1.32 GHz and 3.1 GHz, with a satisfactory gain of 6.1 dBi and 5.81 dBi at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The results indicate that the designed antenna can attain consistent and adjustable dual-frequency performance, making it a viable option for future cellular communication systems.
{"title":"Design of 28/38-GHz Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Antenna based on SIW for Future Cellular Communication Systems","authors":"Khaled A. M. Al Soufy, Nagi H. Al-Ashwal, Faisal S. Al-Kamali, Redhwan Saad, Majed A. AL-Sayadi","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"The millimeter wave (mmWave) band has gained significant attention due to its potential to cater to the rapidly increasing wireless data rates. Due to the reduced wavelength in mmWave communications, it is possible to implement large antenna arrays at both the transmitter and the receiver. Designing small antennas in the mmWave range presents many challenges, which is the main aim of this paper. The aim of this work is to proposed an efficient design of a dual-band mmWave antenna, with the dimension of 26.5mm×7.0mm×0.254mm, for future cellular communication systems using a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The elements of the proposed antenna consist of SIW cavity with one longer longitudinal slot and another shorter engraved slot in one of the conducting planes (1×2) for 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The substrate duroid 5880/Rogers are used with a loss tangent and dielectric constant of 0.003 and 2.2, respectively. The CST Microwave Studio, an industry-standard software, was utilized to conduct the simulation results. The proposed antenna's performance was evaluated by analyzing its gain, radiation pattern, and return loss at the frequencies of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. Furthermore, it is compared with other relative works. The single antenna element was able to attain an impedance bandwidth (S11< -10 dB) of 1.32 GHz and 3.1 GHz, with a satisfactory gain of 6.1 dBi and 5.81 dBi at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. The results indicate that the designed antenna can attain consistent and adjustable dual-frequency performance, making it a viable option for future cellular communication systems.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.05
Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, Vijay Kumar Jha
Cloud computing is a cutting-edge system that's widely considered the future of data processing, making cloud computing one of the widely used platforms worldwide. Cloud computing raises problems around privacy, security, anonymity, and availability. Because of this, it is crucial that all data transfers be encrypted. The overwhelming majority of files stored on the cloud are of little to no significance while the data of certain users may be crucial. To solve the problems around security, privacy, anonymity, and availability, so we propose a novel method for protecting the confidentiality and security of data while it is being processed by a cloud platform. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the cloud security with RC6 and 3DES algorithms while attained low cost encryption, and explore variety of information safety strategies. Inside the proposed system, RC6 and 3DES algorithms have been used to enhance data security and privacy. The 3DES has been used to data with a high level of sensitivity to encrypt the key of RC6 and this method is significant improve over the status quo since it increases data security while reduce the amount of time needed for sending and receiving data. Consequently, several metrics, such as encryption time, false positive rate, and P-value, have been determined by analyzing the data. According to the findings, the suggested system attained less encryption time in different file size by securely encrypting data in a short amount of time and it gives outperformance as compared to other methods.
{"title":"Enhancing the Cloud Security through RC6 and 3DES Algorithms while Achieving Low-Cost Encryption","authors":"Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, Vijay Kumar Jha","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud computing is a cutting-edge system that's widely considered the future of data processing, making cloud computing one of the widely used platforms worldwide. Cloud computing raises problems around privacy, security, anonymity, and availability. Because of this, it is crucial that all data transfers be encrypted. The overwhelming majority of files stored on the cloud are of little to no significance while the data of certain users may be crucial. To solve the problems around security, privacy, anonymity, and availability, so we propose a novel method for protecting the confidentiality and security of data while it is being processed by a cloud platform. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the cloud security with RC6 and 3DES algorithms while attained low cost encryption, and explore variety of information safety strategies. Inside the proposed system, RC6 and 3DES algorithms have been used to enhance data security and privacy. The 3DES has been used to data with a high level of sensitivity to encrypt the key of RC6 and this method is significant improve over the status quo since it increases data security while reduce the amount of time needed for sending and receiving data. Consequently, several metrics, such as encryption time, false positive rate, and P-value, have been determined by analyzing the data. According to the findings, the suggested system attained less encryption time in different file size by securely encrypting data in a short amount of time and it gives outperformance as compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.01
Sourav Debnath, Samin Ahmed, S. M. Shamsul Alam
The fifth generation (5G) wireless technology has a significant impact on individuals' lives and work, and this impact is expected to increase in the future. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method, which is currently used in fourth generation (4G) technology, has limitations in meeting certain criteria such as data rates and speed for the latest technology due to issues such as sideband leakages, high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and poor spectrum utilization. Additionally, the increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) and user-centric processing makes the OFDM method impractical. As a result, alternative technologies are being explored to meet these needs. Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) are potential candidates for 5G technology. This paper focuses on the evolution of FBMC from OFDM, and then compares the performance of FBMC and UFMC by analyzing various modulation schemes such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), PAPR, and Bit Error Rate (BER) through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. A theoretical BER model is also established to validate the simulated BER results. In this paper BER is analyzed in terms mathematical and simulation based approaches. To validate this simulation based method, it can be compared with the theoretical BER results to verify the accuracy of this simulation. Result portays that, the theoretical results and the simulated results are quite close through the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC for Identifying the Optimal Solution for 5G Communications","authors":"Sourav Debnath, Samin Ahmed, S. M. Shamsul Alam","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth generation (5G) wireless technology has a significant impact on individuals' lives and work, and this impact is expected to increase in the future. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method, which is currently used in fourth generation (4G) technology, has limitations in meeting certain criteria such as data rates and speed for the latest technology due to issues such as sideband leakages, high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), and poor spectrum utilization. Additionally, the increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) and user-centric processing makes the OFDM method impractical. As a result, alternative technologies are being explored to meet these needs. Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) are potential candidates for 5G technology. This paper focuses on the evolution of FBMC from OFDM, and then compares the performance of FBMC and UFMC by analyzing various modulation schemes such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), PAPR, and Bit Error Rate (BER) through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. A theoretical BER model is also established to validate the simulated BER results. In this paper BER is analyzed in terms mathematical and simulation based approaches. To validate this simulation based method, it can be compared with the theoretical BER results to verify the accuracy of this simulation. Result portays that, the theoretical results and the simulated results are quite close through the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile agent is a piece of computer code that organically goes from one host to the another in a consistent or inconsistent environment to distribute data among users. An autonomous mobile agent is an operational programme that may migrate from one computer to machine in different networks under its own direction. Numerous health care procedures use the mobile agent concept. An agent can choose to either follow a predetermined course on the network or determine its own path using information gathered from the network. Security concerns are the main issue with mobile agents. Agent servers that provide the agents with a setting for prosecution are vulnerable to attack by cunning agents. In the same way agent could be carrying sensitive information like credit card details, national level security message, passwords and attackers can access these files by acting as a middle man. In this paper, optimized approach is provided to encrypt the data carried by mobile agent with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and secure key to be utilized by the AES Encryption algorithm is generated with the help of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN). To validate our approach, the comparison is done and found that the time taken to generate the key using HNN is 1101ms for 1000 iterations which is lesser than the existing models that are Recurrent Neural Networks and Multilayer Perceptron Network models. To add an additional level of security, data is encoded using hash maps which make the data not easily readable even after decrypting the information. In this way it is ensured that, when the confidential data is transmitted between the sender and the receiver, no one can regenerate the message as there is no exchange of key involved in the process.
{"title":"An Enhanced Method Utilizing Hopfield Neural Model for Mobile Agent Protection","authors":"Pradeep Kumar, Niraj Singhal, Ajay Kumar, Kakoli Banerjee","doi":"10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2023.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile agent is a piece of computer code that organically goes from one host to the another in a consistent or inconsistent environment to distribute data among users. An autonomous mobile agent is an operational programme that may migrate from one computer to machine in different networks under its own direction. Numerous health care procedures use the mobile agent concept. An agent can choose to either follow a predetermined course on the network or determine its own path using information gathered from the network. Security concerns are the main issue with mobile agents. Agent servers that provide the agents with a setting for prosecution are vulnerable to attack by cunning agents. In the same way agent could be carrying sensitive information like credit card details, national level security message, passwords and attackers can access these files by acting as a middle man. In this paper, optimized approach is provided to encrypt the data carried by mobile agent with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and secure key to be utilized by the AES Encryption algorithm is generated with the help of Hopfield Neural Network (HNN). To validate our approach, the comparison is done and found that the time taken to generate the key using HNN is 1101ms for 1000 iterations which is lesser than the existing models that are Recurrent Neural Networks and Multilayer Perceptron Network models. To add an additional level of security, data is encoded using hash maps which make the data not easily readable even after decrypting the information. In this way it is ensured that, when the confidential data is transmitted between the sender and the receiver, no one can regenerate the message as there is no exchange of key involved in the process.","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001022
Antonella Maria Loconsole, Vincenza Portosi, Vito Vincenzo Francione, Francesco Anelli, Andrea Annunziato, Mario Christian Falconi, Francesco Prudenzano
Abstract A wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna has been designed and optimized. A slight improvement is obtained by employing multiple metalense based on circular split-ring resonators to maximize the antenna gain with the maximum bandwidth. The designed antennas have been fabricated and characterized, showing good agreement with simulations. The maximum measured gain is $G = 12;{textrm{dB}}$ , and the −10 dB bandwidth is from $f = 3;{textrm{GHz}}$ to $f = 13;{textrm{GHz}}$ .
{"title":"Optimization of a wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna with metalenses","authors":"Antonella Maria Loconsole, Vincenza Portosi, Vito Vincenzo Francione, Francesco Anelli, Andrea Annunziato, Mario Christian Falconi, Francesco Prudenzano","doi":"10.1017/s1759078723001022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1759078723001022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A wideband antipodal Vivaldi antenna has been designed and optimized. A slight improvement is obtained by employing multiple metalense based on circular split-ring resonators to maximize the antenna gain with the maximum bandwidth. The designed antennas have been fabricated and characterized, showing good agreement with simulations. The maximum measured gain is $G = 12;{textrm{dB}}$ , and the −10 dB bandwidth is from $f = 3;{textrm{GHz}}$ to $f = 13;{textrm{GHz}}$ .","PeriodicalId":49052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134947607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：