International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies最新文献

英文中文

Multiband circularly-polarized stacked elliptical patch antenna with eye-shaped slot for GNSS applications 用于 GNSS 应用的带眼形插槽的多频带圆极化叠层椭圆贴片天线

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/s175907872400045x

Ahmad Abdalrazik, Ahmed Gomaa, Asmaa Afifi

This paper introduces a tri-band stacked elliptical patch antenna featuring a right-handed circular polarized, designed to operate at the L2, L5, and L1 Global Navigation Satellite System bands. Initially, an elliptic patch is constructed and fed by a probe feed to generate TM110 and TM210 modes at resonance frequencies calculated using Mathieu functions. The probe position is precisely adjusted to excite the quasi-orthogonal mode of TM110 to generate circularly polarized (CP) waves at the L2 and L5 bands. Subsequently, an eye-shaped aperture is engraved into the elliptical patch to enhance the axial ratio (AR) beamwidth in the L2 and L5 bands and stimulate the orthogonal mode of TM210 to produce CP waves at the L1 band. Lastly, a stacked partially elliptical parasitic element is placed beneath the upper slotted elliptical patch to enhance the orthogonality of TM210 surface current versions and thus improve the AR beamwidth at the L1 band. The proposed antenna shows low reflection coefficient values at 1.12–1.33 (L2/L5), and 1.5–1.66 GHz (L1). The AR beamwidths are 133/213∘, 167/163∘, and 36/103∘ at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5, L2, and L1 bands, respectively. The antenna also has decent gains of 6–6.9 dBic across the three bands.

本文介绍了一种三波段叠层椭圆形贴片天线，采用右手圆极化，设计用于在 L2、L5 和 L1 全球导航卫星系统波段工作。首先，构建一个椭圆形贴片，并通过探针馈电产生 TM110 和 TM210 模式，共振频率通过马修函数计算得出。对探针位置进行精确调整，以激发 TM110 的准正交模式，从而在 L2 和 L5 波段产生圆偏振（CP）波。随后，在椭圆形贴片上雕刻一个眼形孔，以增强 L2 和 L5 波段的轴向比 (AR) 波束宽度，并激发 TM210 的正交模式，在 L1 波段产生 CP 波。最后，在上部开槽椭圆形贴片下方放置了一个堆叠的部分椭圆形寄生元件，以增强 TM210 表面电流版本的正交性，从而改善 L1 波段的 AR 波束宽度。拟议的天线在 1.12-1.33 (L2/L5) 和 1.5-1.66 GHz (L1) 频段显示出较低的反射系数值。在 L5、L2 和 L1 波段的两个正交切面上，AR 波束宽度分别为 133/213∘、167/163∘ 和 36/103∘。该天线在三个频段的增益也相当可观，分别为 6-6.9 dBic。

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引用次数: 0

Absorptive reconfigurable bandstop filter with ultra-wide frequency tuning range using distributed lossy resonators 利用分布式有损谐振器实现具有超宽频率调谐范围的吸收型可重构带阻滤波器

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000412

Qun Li

An absorptive reconfigurable bandstop filter (BSF) with compact size and ultra-wide frequency tuning range using distributed lossy resonators is presented. In each reconfigurable bandstop resonator, a varactor and a PIN diode are utilized as the control and absorption devices. When the PIN diodes are in off and on states, the upper and lower frequency tuning ranges of stopbands can be obtained, respectively. Therefore, the ultra-wide total frequency tuning range which is the combination of the upper and lower frequency tuning ranges can be realized. Meanwhile, the stopband frequency and bandwidth tuning can be independently controlled by bias voltages. The resistances in the varactors and PIN diodes can dissipate the electromagnetic power and thus result in absorptive stopband without using extra absorptive circuits. The stopband suppression level and stopband absorption ratio are proportional to the number of distributed lossy resonators. For demonstration, an absorptive reconfigurable BSF prototype using six pairs of distributed lossy resonators is designed and fabricated. The measured total frequency tuning range is 3.03–6.39 GHz (71%) with the suppression level of 20 dB, while the frequency tuning range with the suppression level of 10 dB is 2.04–6.39 GHz (103%).

本文介绍了一种吸收型可重构带阻滤波器（BSF），它采用分布式有损谐振器，体积小巧，频率调谐范围超宽。在每个可重构带阻谐振器中，都使用了一个变容二极管和一个 PIN 二极管作为控制和吸收器件。当 PIN 二极管处于关断和导通状态时，可分别获得阻带的上限和下限频率调谐范围。因此，可以实现由上下频率调谐范围组合而成的超宽总频率调谐范围。同时，止带频率和带宽的调节可由偏置电压独立控制。变容二极管和 PIN 二极管中的电阻可耗散电磁功率，因此无需使用额外的吸收电路即可实现吸收性停带。停带抑制水平和停带吸收比与分布式有损谐振器的数量成正比。为进行演示，设计并制作了一个使用六对分布式有损谐振器的吸收性可重构 BSF 原型。在抑制水平为 20 dB 时，测得的总频率调谐范围为 3.03-6.39 GHz（71%），而在抑制水平为 10 dB 时，频率调谐范围为 2.04-6.39 GHz（103%）。

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引用次数: 0

A 4 × 4 Butler matrix with switching/steering beams based on new tunable phase difference couplers 基于新型可调相位差耦合器的带切换/转向光束的 4 × 4 Butler 矩阵

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1017/s175907872300154x

Taleb Mohamed Benaouf, Abdelaziz Hamdoun, Mohamed Himdi, Olivier Lafond, Hassan Ammor

Basically, a 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) connected to an antenna array allows to have four beams, each oriented in a specific direction depending on the excitation port. In this paper, an almost continuously steerable beam system based on a conventional 4 × 4 BM with adjustable phase shift is presented and demonstrated. Here, varicap diodes are used instead of an additional phase shifter. Under different bias levels applied to the couplers throughout these varicap diodes, an output variable phase difference was obtained. A prototype of the proposed tunable BM integrated with an antenna array operating at 3.5 GHz was fabricated and tested. The experimental results show a good agreement with those simulated. A reflection and isolation coefficient better than −15 dB over the entire desired frequency band and an amplitude imbalance lower than ±1.5 dB were achieved. The measured radiating beam under different DC biasing can be oriented from ±6° to ±18° when port 1 or 4 is excited and oriented from ±32° to ±43° for ports 2 and 3.

基本上，一个 4 × 4 巴特勒矩阵（BM）与一个天线阵列相连，可产生四个波束，每个波束的方向取决于激励端口。本文介绍并演示了一种基于传统 4 × 4 巴特勒矩阵的几乎连续可转向的波束系统，该系统具有可调相移功能。在这里，使用变容二极管代替了额外的移相器。在这些变容二极管的耦合器上施加不同的偏置电平时，可获得输出可变相位差。我们制作并测试了与工作频率为 3.5 GHz 的天线阵列集成在一起的拟议可调 BM 原型。实验结果与模拟结果十分吻合。在整个所需频段内，反射系数和隔离系数优于 -15 dB，振幅不平衡度低于 ±1.5 dB。在不同的直流偏压条件下，当端口 1 或端口 4 受到激励时，测量到的辐射波束方向在 ±6° 至 ±18° 之间，而端口 2 和端口 3 的方向在 ±32° 至 ±43° 之间。

引用次数: 0

A single-layer multimode high gain circularly polarized metasurface antenna using CMA for C-band applications 用于 C 波段应用的使用 CMA 的单层多模高增益圆极化元面天线

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000424

Deepak Gangwar, Ankit Sharma

This article presents an innovative design for a low-profile, high-gain circularly polarized (CP) antenna using a single-layer metasurface (MTS). The proposed design incorporates an MTS layer, comprising a 4 × 4 array of hexagonal-shaped patches, printed on the top layer of the substrate. The bottom layer features a coplanar waveguide-fed slotted ground. Circular polarization and broadside radiation are achieved through the application of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). CMA is employed to simultaneously excite desired modes, aiming for wideband circular polarization and gain enhancement. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the design, with compact dimensions of 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.04λ0. The measurements demonstrate an impressive impedance bandwidth of 84.3% within the 3.7–9.1 GHz. Additionally, a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 18.6% is observed between 4.96 and 5.98 GHz and 3.74% between 8.38 and 8.7 GHz. The antenna exhibits excellent radiation pattern characteristics, featuring a maximum gain of 10.08 dBi at 7.1 GHz. The radiation pattern is symmetrical with broadside directionality, making the antenna well-suited for sensing applications.

本文介绍了一种使用单层元表面（MTS）的低剖面、高增益圆极化（CP）天线的创新设计。拟议的设计包含一个 MTS 层，由 4 × 4 的六边形贴片阵列组成，印制在基板的顶层。底层是共面波导馈电槽地。圆极化和宽边辐射是通过应用特征模式分析（CMA）实现的。CMA 可同时激发所需的模式，从而实现宽带圆极化和增益增强。实验结果验证了设计的有效性，其尺寸仅为 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.04λ0。测量结果表明，在 3.7-9.1 GHz 频率范围内，阻抗带宽达到 84.3%，令人印象深刻。此外，4.96 和 5.98 GHz 之间的 3-dB 轴向比带宽为 18.6%，8.38 和 8.7 GHz 之间为 3.74%。该天线具有出色的辐射模式特性，在 7.1 GHz 时的最大增益为 10.08 dBi。辐射模式是对称的，具有宽方向性，使天线非常适合传感应用。

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引用次数: 0

A compact UWB MIMO antenna augmented with isolation improvement structures in situ with ground stubs and slots 一种紧凑型 UWB 多输入多输出天线，在原位增加了隔离改进结构和接地桩与槽

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078723001150

Jeet Banerjee, Abhik Gorai, Rowdra Ghatak

An orthogonally oriented microstrip-fed bi-element ultra-wideband (UWB) diversity antenna possessing a super-wide bandwidth, high isolation, and band rejection attributes is proposed. The intended diversity antenna uses a 2nd-order Cayley fractal tree-shaped neutralization line among a pair of radiating square monopoles along with additional components like extended ground stubs, hybrid Koch fractal parasitic elements, and an L-shaped defected ground structure to attain high isolation of <−20 dB over 3.1–18 GHz. To nullify the intervention from the existent wireless local area network band, a hybrid Koch–Minkowski slot is carved out from the radiators. A minimal inter-element spacing of 8 mm is attained with the suggested layout measuring 28 mm (L) × 42 mm (W) in extent. The numerical as well as experimental investigations of vital diversity attributes like the envelope correlation coefficient, mean effective gain, total active reflection coefficient, and multiplexing efficiency depict high diversity actualization. The consistency amidst the simulation as well as the empirical results recommends the worthiness of the intended antenna for handy UWB and UWB multiple-input multiple-output systems.

本文提出了一种正交方向微带馈电双元件超宽带（UWB）分集天线，它具有超宽带宽、高隔离度和频带抑制特性。该分集天线在一对辐射方形单极子之间使用了一条二阶 Cayley 分形树形中和线，并使用了扩展接地桩、混合 Koch 分形寄生元件和 L 形缺陷接地结构等附加元件，从而在 3.1-18 GHz 频率范围内实现了 <-20 dB 的高隔离度。为了消除来自现有无线局域网频段的干扰，在辐射器上开辟了一个混合科赫-闵科夫斯基槽。元件间的最小间距为 8 毫米，建议的布局尺寸为 28 毫米（长）×42 毫米（宽）。对包络相关系数、平均有效增益、总有源反射系数和多路复用效率等重要分集属性进行的数值和实验研究表明，分集实现率很高。仿真和实验结果的一致性表明，该天线适用于便捷的 UWB 和 UWB 多输入多输出系统。

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引用次数: 0

Bandpass filter with multiple selective absorptive stopbands for 28 GHz transmitters 用于 28 千兆赫发射机的带多个选择性吸收阻带的带通滤波器

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000394

Stefano Moscato, Steven Caicedo, Matteo Oldoni

This manuscript presents a novel design for an absorptive bandpass filter for mm-wave applications, specifically the commercial FR2 spectrum. Three bands have been selected to be properly input matched with only one of them being the passband, where the insertion loss is minimized. The proposed approach relies on a multiplexer topology implemented through microstrip lines and on thin-film manufacturing process on alumina to shrink the footprint. Cascades of half-wavelength C-shape open-ended resonators are exploited to create the matched bands and define the filter’s selectivity. The selected passband spans from 26.5 to 28.5 GHz, with a measured maximum insertion loss of 3.05 dB for a −3 dB fractional bandwidth of 7.3%. Two absorptive bands are realized to match signals at 24 and 32.25 GHz. The alumina die footprint is 5500 × 3440 µm2, compatible with immediate integration within a mm-wave lineup.

本手稿针对毫米波应用，特别是商用 FR2 频谱，介绍了一种新型吸收带通滤波器的设计。已选定三个频带进行适当的输入匹配，其中只有一个频带是通带，插入损耗最小。所提出的方法依赖于通过微带线实现的多路复用器拓扑结构和氧化铝薄膜制造工艺，以缩小占地面积。半波长 C 型开口谐振器级联用于创建匹配带，并确定滤波器的选择性。所选通带的频率范围为 26.5 至 28.5 GHz，测量的最大插入损耗为 3.05 dB，-3 dB 分数带宽为 7.3%。实现了两个吸收带，以匹配 24 和 32.25 GHz 的信号。氧化铝芯片的尺寸为 5500 × 3440 µm2，可直接集成到毫米波阵容中。

引用次数: 0

Bioinspired planar switched beam network using Butler matrix on a flexible substrate targeting multifaceted millimeter-wave applications 在柔性基底上使用巴特勒矩阵的生物启发平面开关波束网络，瞄准毫米波的多方面应用

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000400

Balaka Biswas, Ayan Karmakar

This paper details the design and development of a planar switched beam network using 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) over a thin and flexible type biocompatible substrate. Four mils thick liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is used as a substrate here (ϵr = 2.92, tanδ = 0.002). The proposed design is centered at 28 GHz, targeting commercial millimeter-wave applications. Floral-shaped antenna with defective ground structures has been implemented as basic radiating elements. The whole structure is based on microstrip line configuration. The architecture occupies an area of 23.85 × 19.20 mm2 over the LCP substrate. Individual components of the BM are detailed here, followed by a system analysis of the whole integrated structure. The present work also covers the electrical equivalent circuit modeling of the whole beam-forming network. The fabricated prototype offers better than 18 dB return losses at each input port for the desired frequency band with 6 dBi (max.) peak gain and 500 MHz bandwidth around the center frequency. Port-to-port isolation of better than 15 dB is achieved with this topology. Experimental and simulated results are in good agreement in all aspects. A comparative study is also chalked out to highlight the significance of the current research work with respect to alike earlier reported structures.

本文详细介绍了使用 4 × 4 巴特勒矩阵 (BM) 在薄而柔性的生物兼容基底上设计和开发平面开关光束网络的情况。本文使用 4 密耳厚的液晶聚合物 (LCP) 作为基板（ϵr = 2.92，tanδ = 0.002）。拟议设计的中心频率为 28 GHz，目标是商业毫米波应用。基本辐射元件为带有缺陷接地结构的花形天线。整个结构基于微带线配置。该结构在 LCP 衬底上的占地面积为 23.85 × 19.20 平方毫米。本文详细介绍了 BM 的各个组件，随后对整个集成结构进行了系统分析。本工作还包括整个波束形成网络的电气等效电路建模。制造出的原型在所需频段的每个输入端口都能提供优于 18 dB 的回波损耗，峰值增益为 6 dBi（最大值），中心频率周围的带宽为 500 MHz。采用这种拓扑结构，端口与端口之间的隔离度优于 15 dB。实验和模拟结果在各方面都非常吻合。此外，还进行了比较研究，以突出当前研究工作与早期报告的结构相比的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Joint multitemporal SAR and optical mapping of urban changes 多时合成孔径雷达和光学联合绘制城市变化图

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1017/s175907872400031x

David Marzi, Erith Munoz Rios, Antonietta Sorriso, Fabio Dell’Acqua, Paolo Gamba

This paper presents a methodology designed to leverage multitemporal sequences of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multispectral data and automatically extract urban changes. The approach compares results using different radar and optical sensors, describing the advantages and drawbacks of using SAR data from the COnstellation of small Satellites for the Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO)/SkyMed, SAtélite Argentino de Observación COn Microondas (SAOCOM), and Sentinel-1 constellations, as well as nighttime light data or Sentinel-2 images. Multiple indexes obtained from multispectral data are compared, too, and results obtained by an unsupervised clustering procedure are analyzed. The results show that using different datasets it is possible to obtain consistent results about different types of changes in urban areas (e.g., demolition, development, and densification) with different levels of spatial details.

本文介绍了一种旨在利用合成孔径雷达（SAR）和多光谱数据的多时序列并自动提取城市变化的方法。该方法比较了使用不同雷达和光学传感器的结果，介绍了使用来自地中海盆地观测小型卫星星座（COSMO）/SkyMed、阿根廷微地观测卫星星座（SAOCOM）和哨兵-1 星座的合成孔径雷达数据以及夜间光线数据或哨兵-2 图像的优缺点。此外，还对从多光谱数据中获得的多种指数进行了比较，并对无监督聚类程序获得的结果进行了分析。结果表明，利用不同的数据集，可以获得关于城市地区不同类型变化（如拆迁、开发和密集化）的一致结果，并具有不同程度的空间细节。

引用次数: 0

An applicator for high-power rock comminution using microwave technology in the megawatt range 使用兆瓦级微波技术的大功率岩石粉碎应用器

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000308

Yasin Alekajbaf, Dragos Dancila

The mining industry is heavily dependent on energy-intensive processes, such as rock breakage, which leads to significant operational costs. This paper explores microwave-assisted rock breakage as an innovative method to enhance the efficiency of comminution within the mining industry. It introduces a system that employs a Klystron microwave power source with a maximum output of 7.5 MW, using a

$mathrm{TM}_{010}$

single-mode cavity at 3 GHz, to channel energy inside a specially designed rock cavity. The paper emphasizes the importance of designing an efficient microwave cavity for this system, focusing on the cavity’s design and simulation. Through both simulated results (using HFSS software) and experimental observations, the study reveals the promising application of microwave technology in the field of mining. The simulated frequency response of the designed cavity (S11) is −22 dB, it demonstrates significant potential for reducing both energy consumption and associated costs. Additionally, the designed cavity is fabricated from aluminum and filled with polyether ether ketone material. The measured frequency response (S11) of the cavity at 3 GHz is −17 dB.

采矿业在很大程度上依赖于能源密集型工艺，如岩石破碎，这导致了巨大的运营成本。本文探讨了微波辅助破岩作为提高采矿业粉碎效率的创新方法。该系统采用最大输出功率为 7.5 兆瓦的 Klystron 微波电源，使用 3 GHz 的 $mathrm{TM}_{010}$ 单模腔，将能量导入专门设计的岩石腔内。论文强调了为该系统设计高效微波腔体的重要性，重点介绍了腔体的设计和仿真。通过模拟结果（使用 HFSS 软件）和实验观察，研究揭示了微波技术在采矿领域的应用前景。设计腔体（S11）的模拟频率响应为 -22 dB，这表明它在降低能耗和相关成本方面具有巨大潜力。此外，设计的腔体由铝制成，并填充了聚醚醚酮材料。该空腔在 3 GHz 频率下的测量频率响应（S11）为 -17 dB。

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引用次数: 0

An acceleration method employing sparse sensing matrix for fast analysis of the wide-angle electromagnetic problems based on compressive sensing 利用稀疏传感矩阵的加速方法，快速分析基于压缩传感的广角电磁问题

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 Engineering

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/s1759078724000291

Qi Qi, Xinyuan Cao, Yi Liu, Meng Kong, Xiaojing Kuang, Mingsheng Chen

The electromagnetic scattering problem over a wide incident angle can be rapidly solved by introducing the compressive sensing theory into the method of moments, whose main computational complexity is comprised of two parts: a few calculations of matrix equations and the recovery of original induced currents. To further improve the method, a novel construction scheme of measurement matrix is proposed in this paper. With the help of the measurement matrix, one can obtain a sparse sensing matrix, and consequently the computational cost for recovery can be reduced by at least half. The scheme is described in detail, and the analysis of computational complexity and numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness.

通过将压缩传感理论引入矩方法，可以快速解决大入射角电磁散射问题，其主要计算复杂度由两部分组成：少量矩阵方程计算和原始感应电流恢复。为进一步改进该方法，本文提出了一种新颖的测量矩阵构造方案。在测量矩阵的帮助下，可以得到稀疏的感应矩阵，因此恢复的计算成本至少可以减少一半。本文详细介绍了该方案，并通过计算复杂度分析和数值实验证明了其有效性。

引用次数: 0

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