Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00855-5
Darran Yates
A study finds that microglia depletion has no effect on experience-dependent maturation of visual cortex circuitry in mice.
一项研究发现，消耗小胶质细胞对小鼠视觉皮层回路的经验依赖性成熟没有影响。
{"title":"Circuit refinement without microglia","authors":"Darran Yates","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00855-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00855-5","url":null,"abstract":"A study finds that microglia depletion has no effect on experience-dependent maturation of visual cortex circuitry in mice.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00845-7
Daniel Senkowski, Andreas K. Engel
Carrying out any everyday task, be it driving in traffic, conversing with friends or playing basketball, requires rapid selection, integration and segregation of stimuli from different sensory modalities. At present, even the most advanced artificial intelligence-based systems are unable to replicate the multisensory processes that the human brain routinely performs, but how neural circuits in the brain carry out these processes is still not well understood. In this Perspective, we discuss recent findings that shed fresh light on the oscillatory neural mechanisms that mediate multisensory integration (MI), including power modulations, phase resetting, phase–amplitude coupling and dynamic functional connectivity. We then consider studies that also suggest multi-timescale dynamics in intrinsic ongoing neural activity and during stimulus-driven bottom–up and cognitive top–down neural network processing in the context of MI. We propose a new concept of MI that emphasizes the critical role of neural dynamics at multiple timescales within and across brain networks, enabling the simultaneous integration, segregation, hierarchical structuring and selection of information in different time windows. To highlight predictions from our multi-timescale concept of MI, real-world scenarios in which multi-timescale processes may coordinate MI in a flexible and adaptive manner are considered. How the brain routinely processes information from different sensory modalities during everyday tasks is not well understood. In this Perspective, Engel and Senkowski propose how oscillatory neural mechanisms operating at multiple timescales within and across brain networks can mediate such multisensory integration.
执行任何日常任务，无论是在车流中驾驶、与朋友交谈还是打篮球，都需要快速选择、整合和分离来自不同感官模式的刺激。目前，即使是最先进的人工智能系统也无法复制人脑日常执行的多感官过程，但人们对大脑神经回路如何执行这些过程仍不甚了解。在这篇 "视角 "中，我们将讨论最近的研究发现，这些发现为介导多感觉统合（MI）的振荡神经机制提供了新的启示，包括功率调制、相位重置、相位-振幅耦合和动态功能连接。然后，我们将考虑一些研究，这些研究还表明，在多感官整合的背景下，内在的持续神经活动以及刺激驱动的自下而上和认知的自上而下神经网络处理过程中也存在多时间尺度的动态变化。我们提出了多元智能的新概念，强调神经动态在大脑网络内部和之间的多时间尺度上的关键作用，使不同时间窗口的信息能够同时整合、分离、分层结构化和选择。为了突出我们多时间尺度 MI 概念的预测，我们考虑了现实世界中多时间尺度过程可能以灵活和自适应的方式协调 MI 的情景。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00854-6
Jake Rogers
Longitudinal precision functional mapping reveals that acute desynchronization of functional connectivity organization induced by the psychedelic psilocybin can persist long-term in the human brain.
纵向精密功能图谱显示，迷幻药迷幻素诱导的急性功能连接组织不同步现象可在人脑中长期存在。
{"title":"Psilocybin desynchronization persists in the human brain","authors":"Jake Rogers","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00854-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00854-6","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinal precision functional mapping reveals that acute desynchronization of functional connectivity organization induced by the psychedelic psilocybin can persist long-term in the human brain.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00850-w
Katherine Whalley
Two studies use large-scale genome sequencing data to identify variants in a noncoding gene that cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome in many individuals.
{"title":"Variants in a noncoding gene drive prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder","authors":"Katherine Whalley","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00850-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00850-w","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies use large-scale genome sequencing data to identify variants in a noncoding gene that cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome in many individuals.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00848-4
Katherine Whalley
Cerebellar Purkinje neurons modulate thirst in mice
小脑浦肯野神经元调节小鼠的渴感
{"title":"Thirsty work for the cerebellum","authors":"Katherine Whalley","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00848-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00848-4","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar Purkinje neurons modulate thirst in mice","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7
Patrick F. Sullivan, Shuyang Yao, Jens Hjerling-Leffler
Determining the causes of schizophrenia has been a notoriously intractable problem, resistant to a multitude of investigative approaches over centuries. In recent decades, genomic studies have delivered hundreds of robust findings that implicate nearly 300 common genetic variants (via genome-wide association studies) and more than 20 rare variants (via whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant studies) as risk factors for schizophrenia. In parallel, functional genomic and neurobiological studies have provided exceptionally detailed information about the cellular composition of the brain and its interconnections in neurotypical individuals and, increasingly, in those with schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest unexpected complexity in the mechanisms that drive schizophrenia, pointing to the involvement of ensembles of genes (polygenicity) rather than single-gene causation. In this Review, we describe what we now know about the genetics of schizophrenia and consider the neurobiological implications of this information. In recent years, genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variants as risk factors for schizophrenia. Sullivan et al. describe our current understanding of the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and consider how the genomic findings can be interrogated to boost our understanding of the neurobiology of the disorder.
{"title":"Schizophrenia genomics: genetic complexity and functional insights","authors":"Patrick F. Sullivan, Shuyang Yao, Jens Hjerling-Leffler","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the causes of schizophrenia has been a notoriously intractable problem, resistant to a multitude of investigative approaches over centuries. In recent decades, genomic studies have delivered hundreds of robust findings that implicate nearly 300 common genetic variants (via genome-wide association studies) and more than 20 rare variants (via whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant studies) as risk factors for schizophrenia. In parallel, functional genomic and neurobiological studies have provided exceptionally detailed information about the cellular composition of the brain and its interconnections in neurotypical individuals and, increasingly, in those with schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest unexpected complexity in the mechanisms that drive schizophrenia, pointing to the involvement of ensembles of genes (polygenicity) rather than single-gene causation. In this Review, we describe what we now know about the genetics of schizophrenia and consider the neurobiological implications of this information. In recent years, genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variants as risk factors for schizophrenia. Sullivan et al. describe our current understanding of the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia and consider how the genomic findings can be interrogated to boost our understanding of the neurobiology of the disorder.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00847-5
Xiao-Jing Wang
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Macroscopic gradients of synaptic excitation and inhibition in the neocortex","authors":"Xiao-Jing Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00847-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00847-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-024-00847-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00844-8
Darran Yates
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 in nociceptors exacerbates inflammation in psoriasis by inducing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from these neurons.
痛觉感受器中的酸感应离子通道 3 通过诱导这些神经元释放降钙素基因相关肽而加剧牛皮癣的炎症。
{"title":"Neurogenic exacerbation of psoriasis","authors":"Darran Yates","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00844-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00844-8","url":null,"abstract":"Acid-sensing ion channel 3 in nociceptors exacerbates inflammation in psoriasis by inducing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from these neurons.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00842-w
Jake Rogers
A new modelling method developed in male Drosophila melanogaster maps how populations of neurons transform visual stimuli into courtship behaviours without recording neural activity.
{"title":"Predicting natural behaviour by perturbation","authors":"Jake Rogers","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00842-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00842-w","url":null,"abstract":"A new modelling method developed in male Drosophila melanogaster maps how populations of neurons transform visual stimuli into courtship behaviours without recording neural activity.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00833-x
Stefan Thor
During central nervous system (CNS) development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) generate neurons and glia in two different ways. In direct neurogenesis, daughter cells differentiate directly into neurons or glia, whereas in indirect neurogenesis, neurons or glia are generated after one or more daughter cell divisions. Intriguingly, indirect neurogenesis is not stochastically deployed and plays instructive roles during CNS development: increased generation of cells from specific lineages; increased generation of early or late-born cell types within a lineage; and increased cell diversification. Increased indirect neurogenesis might contribute to the anterior CNS expansion evident throughout the Bilateria and help to modify brain-region size without requiring increased NPC numbers or extended neurogenesis. Increased indirect neurogenesis could be an evolutionary driver of the gyrencephalic (that is, folded) cortex that emerged during mammalian evolution and might even have increased during hominid evolution. Thus, selection of indirect versus direct neurogenesis provides a powerful developmental and evolutionary instrument that drives not only the evolution of CNS complexity but also brain expansion and modulation of brain-region size, and thereby the evolution of increasingly advanced cognitive abilities. This Review describes indirect neurogenesis in several model species and humans, and highlights some of the molecular genetic mechanisms that control this important process. Central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glial cells are generated by both direct and indirect neurogenesis. In this Review, Thor outlines the landscape of indirect neurogenesis during CNS development in key species, including humans, and describes the main genetic mechanisms that contribute to its region-specific, neural progenitor cell-specific and temporal control.
{"title":"Indirect neurogenesis in space and time","authors":"Stefan Thor","doi":"10.1038/s41583-024-00833-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-024-00833-x","url":null,"abstract":"During central nervous system (CNS) development, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) generate neurons and glia in two different ways. In direct neurogenesis, daughter cells differentiate directly into neurons or glia, whereas in indirect neurogenesis, neurons or glia are generated after one or more daughter cell divisions. Intriguingly, indirect neurogenesis is not stochastically deployed and plays instructive roles during CNS development: increased generation of cells from specific lineages; increased generation of early or late-born cell types within a lineage; and increased cell diversification. Increased indirect neurogenesis might contribute to the anterior CNS expansion evident throughout the Bilateria and help to modify brain-region size without requiring increased NPC numbers or extended neurogenesis. Increased indirect neurogenesis could be an evolutionary driver of the gyrencephalic (that is, folded) cortex that emerged during mammalian evolution and might even have increased during hominid evolution. Thus, selection of indirect versus direct neurogenesis provides a powerful developmental and evolutionary instrument that drives not only the evolution of CNS complexity but also brain expansion and modulation of brain-region size, and thereby the evolution of increasingly advanced cognitive abilities. This Review describes indirect neurogenesis in several model species and humans, and highlights some of the molecular genetic mechanisms that control this important process. Central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glial cells are generated by both direct and indirect neurogenesis. In this Review, Thor outlines the landscape of indirect neurogenesis during CNS development in key species, including humans, and describes the main genetic mechanisms that contribute to its region-specific, neural progenitor cell-specific and temporal control.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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