Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x
Dun Mao, Yong Gu
Mobile organisms integrate multimodal self-motion signals — including motor commands, vestibular inputs, optic flow and proprioceptive feedback — to accurately perceive their heading and speed of traversal. These instantaneous cues are processed, via continuous temporal integration and progressive spatial transformations, to facilitate path-integration-based navigation. Recent cutting-edge neurophysiological recordings in animal models have revealed several ubiquitous cross-modal algorithms that contribute to this processing: vestibular–visual convergence to enhance self-motion perception, predictive coding integration to enable optimal dynamic state estimates, landmark-referenced error correction to mitigate path-integration drift and facilitate cognitive spatial map construction, and egocentric-to-allocentric conversion via integration with proprioceptive cues from the eyes, head, body or limbs. Thus, multisensory coding plays an important role in self-motion perception and self-localization during navigational behaviour. As an animal moves within its environment, self-motion signals are generated by the inner ear vestibular organs and the retina and transmitted to the CNS. In this Review, Mao and Gu describe how these multisensory signals are processed and integrated by the brain to enable self-motion perception and aid navigation.
{"title":"Multisensory coding of self-motion and its contribution to navigation","authors":"Dun Mao, Yong Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile organisms integrate multimodal self-motion signals — including motor commands, vestibular inputs, optic flow and proprioceptive feedback — to accurately perceive their heading and speed of traversal. These instantaneous cues are processed, via continuous temporal integration and progressive spatial transformations, to facilitate path-integration-based navigation. Recent cutting-edge neurophysiological recordings in animal models have revealed several ubiquitous cross-modal algorithms that contribute to this processing: vestibular–visual convergence to enhance self-motion perception, predictive coding integration to enable optimal dynamic state estimates, landmark-referenced error correction to mitigate path-integration drift and facilitate cognitive spatial map construction, and egocentric-to-allocentric conversion via integration with proprioceptive cues from the eyes, head, body or limbs. Thus, multisensory coding plays an important role in self-motion perception and self-localization during navigational behaviour. As an animal moves within its environment, self-motion signals are generated by the inner ear vestibular organs and the retina and transmitted to the CNS. In this Review, Mao and Gu describe how these multisensory signals are processed and integrated by the brain to enable self-motion perception and aid navigation.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"715-732"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Going offline to enhance memory during sleep","authors":"Edwin M. Robertson","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00973-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00973-8","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Edwin Robertson discusses a study published in 2000 that found a link between sleep and enhancement of visual memory.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"660-660"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y
Niharika Loomba, Sachin Patel
Anxiety and stress-related psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, have uncertain aetiologies and are only partially responsive to available therapies. Elucidating fundamental mechanisms that regulate anxiety, fear and stress responsivity could reveal new insights into disease mechanisms and offer opportunities for therapeutic development. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling has been shown to modulate innate avoidance behaviour, conditioned defensive behaviour and responsivity to stress in preclinical and human experimental studies. Furthermore, recent studies utilizing eCB biosensors, intersectional genetics and optogenetic-assisted circuit mapping have identified synaptic, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms by which eCBs affect these biobehavioural processes. These data suggest that eCB-deficient states could represent a stress-susceptibility endophenotype while pharmacological eCB augmentation could represent emerging approaches for the treatment of affective and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, several cortical–cortical and cortical–subcortical circuits have been identified as key substrates by which eCB signalling affects avoidance behaviour and stress responsivity. Taken together, the reviewed data offer new insights into the potential contribution of eCB signalling systems to the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-related disorders and reveal fundamental roles for eCB signalling in the modulation of anxiety, fear and stress responsivity. Endocannabinoids are key mediators of affective behaviour, but the neural mechanisms that underlie these effects are only beginning to be elucidated. Here, Loomba and Patel review advances in understanding of the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid control of anxiety-like behaviour and stress adaptation and provide perspectives on unifying models and the therapeutic implications of endocannabinoid signalling.
{"title":"Circuit mechanisms governing endocannabinoid modulation of affective behaviour and stress adaptation","authors":"Niharika Loomba, Sachin Patel","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and stress-related psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, have uncertain aetiologies and are only partially responsive to available therapies. Elucidating fundamental mechanisms that regulate anxiety, fear and stress responsivity could reveal new insights into disease mechanisms and offer opportunities for therapeutic development. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling has been shown to modulate innate avoidance behaviour, conditioned defensive behaviour and responsivity to stress in preclinical and human experimental studies. Furthermore, recent studies utilizing eCB biosensors, intersectional genetics and optogenetic-assisted circuit mapping have identified synaptic, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms by which eCBs affect these biobehavioural processes. These data suggest that eCB-deficient states could represent a stress-susceptibility endophenotype while pharmacological eCB augmentation could represent emerging approaches for the treatment of affective and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, several cortical–cortical and cortical–subcortical circuits have been identified as key substrates by which eCB signalling affects avoidance behaviour and stress responsivity. Taken together, the reviewed data offer new insights into the potential contribution of eCB signalling systems to the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-related disorders and reveal fundamental roles for eCB signalling in the modulation of anxiety, fear and stress responsivity. Endocannabinoids are key mediators of affective behaviour, but the neural mechanisms that underlie these effects are only beginning to be elucidated. Here, Loomba and Patel review advances in understanding of the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid control of anxiety-like behaviour and stress adaptation and provide perspectives on unifying models and the therapeutic implications of endocannabinoid signalling.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"677-697"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z
Saba Altaf, Mitchell J. Cummins, Lars M. Ittner, John S. Mattick
Tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes, especially in the brain, wherein most exhibit region-specific and/or cell-specific expression patterns. Many lncRNAs are nuclear-localized and appear to be the products of developmental enhancers, whereas others are found in the cytoplasm, including at the synapse. Here, we describe the lncRNAs that have been shown to have roles in various aspects of brain development, synaptic function, learning, behaviour and brain disorders. Our emerging understanding indicates that lncRNAs direct many, if not most, of the regulatory transactions that give rise to the structure of the brain and modulate its functions, probably through their guidance of relatively generic effector proteins. Although they hold promise as targets for therapeutic interventions, a concerted effort will be required to characterize the structures, functions, spatial distribution and interacting partners of the lncRNAs expressed in the brain, most of which have not been studied. We suggest that the lncRNAs transcribed from genomic regions associated with human neurological traits and disorders be prioritized for analysis. Long non-coding RNAs are abundant in the brain, where they are proposed to regulate numerous processes. In this Review, Mattick and colleagues describe our current understanding of their mechanisms of action, focusing on their contributions to enhancer function and the organization of specialized intracellular domains, and consider their roles in brain function and dysfunction.
{"title":"The emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in the nervous system","authors":"Saba Altaf, Mitchell J. Cummins, Lars M. Ittner, John S. Mattick","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z","url":null,"abstract":"Tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes, especially in the brain, wherein most exhibit region-specific and/or cell-specific expression patterns. Many lncRNAs are nuclear-localized and appear to be the products of developmental enhancers, whereas others are found in the cytoplasm, including at the synapse. Here, we describe the lncRNAs that have been shown to have roles in various aspects of brain development, synaptic function, learning, behaviour and brain disorders. Our emerging understanding indicates that lncRNAs direct many, if not most, of the regulatory transactions that give rise to the structure of the brain and modulate its functions, probably through their guidance of relatively generic effector proteins. Although they hold promise as targets for therapeutic interventions, a concerted effort will be required to characterize the structures, functions, spatial distribution and interacting partners of the lncRNAs expressed in the brain, most of which have not been studied. We suggest that the lncRNAs transcribed from genomic regions associated with human neurological traits and disorders be prioritized for analysis. Long non-coding RNAs are abundant in the brain, where they are proposed to regulate numerous processes. In this Review, Mattick and colleagues describe our current understanding of their mechanisms of action, focusing on their contributions to enhancer function and the organization of specialized intracellular domains, and consider their roles in brain function and dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"661-676"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9
Yu Zheng
In this Tools of the Trade article, Yu Zheng describes the design of a far-red dopamine sensor that enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain.
{"title":"A far-red dopamine sensor unlocks multiplex views of in vivo neuromodulation","authors":"Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Yu Zheng describes the design of a far-red dopamine sensor that enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"657-657"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00968-5
Nicole C. Rust
As a group, our scientific community has a responsibility to unpack the ‘what’ and ‘why’ behind our work for the public, not least because much of our research is publicly funded. Here, I argue that alongside this important service, there are less apparent and perhaps even more motivating reasons to engage in science communication. I also offer some tips on getting started.
{"title":"The unexpected value of communicating science to the public","authors":"Nicole C. Rust","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00968-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00968-5","url":null,"abstract":"As a group, our scientific community has a responsibility to unpack the ‘what’ and ‘why’ behind our work for the public, not least because much of our research is publicly funded. Here, I argue that alongside this important service, there are less apparent and perhaps even more motivating reasons to engage in science communication. I also offer some tips on getting started.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"572-573"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00969-4
Julia Sacher, Ingo Bechmann
Far from being a niche concern, women’s brain health is a global issue, affecting more than half of the world’s population. Despite this, the unique aspects of how the female brain adapts, reorganizes and ages, particularly those shaped by hormonal transitions across the lifespan, have not received proportionate attention in research agendas, funding priorities or clinical guidelines.
{"title":"Rethinking women’s brain health","authors":"Julia Sacher, Ingo Bechmann","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00969-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00969-4","url":null,"abstract":"Far from being a niche concern, women’s brain health is a global issue, affecting more than half of the world’s population. Despite this, the unique aspects of how the female brain adapts, reorganizes and ages, particularly those shaped by hormonal transitions across the lifespan, have not received proportionate attention in research agendas, funding priorities or clinical guidelines.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"576-578"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00967-6
Megan R. Carey
The scientific enterprise depends on attracting and retaining the very best talent, yet barriers persist that perpetuate inequities in the scientific workforce. Here I discuss the efforts of the ALBA Network to help anyone to work effectively to maximize scientific progress by making their communities more equitable and inclusive.
{"title":"Working together to build strong scientific communities","authors":"Megan R. Carey","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00967-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00967-6","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific enterprise depends on attracting and retaining the very best talent, yet barriers persist that perpetuate inequities in the scientific workforce. Here I discuss the efforts of the ALBA Network to help anyone to work effectively to maximize scientific progress by making their communities more equitable and inclusive.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"574-575"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00965-8
Ann Kennedy
The goal of theoretical neuroscience is to uncover principles of neural computation through careful design and interpretation of mathematical models. Here, I examine the use of top-down conceptual and bottom-up mechanistic models in theoretical neuroscience, exploring how they connect with experimental practice and where there is room for future growth.
{"title":"Theoretical neuroscience has room to grow","authors":"Ann Kennedy","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00965-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00965-8","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of theoretical neuroscience is to uncover principles of neural computation through careful design and interpretation of mathematical models. Here, I examine the use of top-down conceptual and bottom-up mechanistic models in theoretical neuroscience, exploring how they connect with experimental practice and where there is room for future growth.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"585-586"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00964-9
Nina M. Rzechorzek
In this Journal Club, Nina Rzechorzek explores a 2003 article showing that, during hibernation, ground squirrels reversibly accumulate highly phosphorylated tau in the brain (a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease) without developing neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
{"title":"Brain on standby — how torpor made ‘tauopathy’ reversible","authors":"Nina M. Rzechorzek","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00964-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00964-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Nina Rzechorzek explores a 2003 article showing that, during hibernation, ground squirrels reversibly accumulate highly phosphorylated tau in the brain (a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease) without developing neurofibrillary tangle pathology.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"590-590"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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