Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00978-3
Darran Yates
A new study finds that grid cells track a mouse’s position in local reference frames instead of a global frame of reference in a path integration task.
{"title":"Grid cells go local","authors":"Darran Yates","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00978-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00978-3","url":null,"abstract":"A new study finds that grid cells track a mouse’s position in local reference frames instead of a global frame of reference in a path integration task.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"658-658"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00977-4
Katherine Whalley
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals early cellular responses in young atheletes exposed to repetitive head impacts that may lead to neurodegeneration.
单核RNA测序揭示了暴露于重复性头部撞击可能导致神经变性的年轻运动员的早期细胞反应。
{"title":"Cellular responses to repetitive head trauma","authors":"Katherine Whalley","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00977-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00977-4","url":null,"abstract":"Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals early cellular responses in young atheletes exposed to repetitive head impacts that may lead to neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"658-658"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00975-6
Sian Lewis
The diverse sensory input provided by physically and socially enriched environments is shown in mice to increase sensory integration and responsiveness to environmental stimuli, whereas social isolation produced the opposite effects.
{"title":"Brain connectivity benefits from enriched environments","authors":"Sian Lewis","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00975-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00975-6","url":null,"abstract":"The diverse sensory input provided by physically and socially enriched environments is shown in mice to increase sensory integration and responsiveness to environmental stimuli, whereas social isolation produced the opposite effects.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"658-658"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00966-7
In this issue, we mark the 25th anniversary of Nature Reviews Neuroscience.
本期，我们纪念《自然评论》神经科学创刊25周年。
{"title":"Twenty-five years of covering neuroscience","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00966-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00966-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue, we mark the 25th anniversary of Nature Reviews Neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 10","pages":"571-571"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-025-00966-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00971-w
Joel Reithler, Kelsey K. Sundby, Kareem A. Zaghloul
Memories shape our sense of self and enable adaptive behaviour based on prior experiences, yet the neural mechanisms underlying memory formation and retrieval are not fully understood. Building on work in animal models and the unique opportunities afforded by intracranial recordings, a growing number of studies have focused on the contributions of awake ripples (transient neural oscillations 20–100 ms long in the 80–150 Hz range) to human memory. Here, we review the body of evidence linking awake ripples to human memory and highlight relevant insights as well as unresolved discrepancies between studies. On the basis of previous evidence from work in animals that ripples may provide a biomarker for bursts of underlying population spiking activity, we suggest that examining the underlying spike content of ripples may help clarify their role in human memory and resolve these discrepancies. Recent support for this notion comes from human studies that, similarly to the prior animal work, relate patterns of neuronal spiking activity to ripples. Thus, our ability to understand the role of ripples in human memory may benefit from fully understanding these spiking events. In animal models, transient high-frequency oscillations in synchronized neural activity, known as ripples, have been linked to memory. Reithler et al. assess the current evidence for a contribution of ripples to human memory processes and suggest that examining the underlying spike content of ripples could enable researchers to decipher their functions.
{"title":"Ripple contributions to human memory: making the spiking content count","authors":"Joel Reithler, Kelsey K. Sundby, Kareem A. Zaghloul","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00971-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00971-w","url":null,"abstract":"Memories shape our sense of self and enable adaptive behaviour based on prior experiences, yet the neural mechanisms underlying memory formation and retrieval are not fully understood. Building on work in animal models and the unique opportunities afforded by intracranial recordings, a growing number of studies have focused on the contributions of awake ripples (transient neural oscillations 20–100 ms long in the 80–150 Hz range) to human memory. Here, we review the body of evidence linking awake ripples to human memory and highlight relevant insights as well as unresolved discrepancies between studies. On the basis of previous evidence from work in animals that ripples may provide a biomarker for bursts of underlying population spiking activity, we suggest that examining the underlying spike content of ripples may help clarify their role in human memory and resolve these discrepancies. Recent support for this notion comes from human studies that, similarly to the prior animal work, relate patterns of neuronal spiking activity to ripples. Thus, our ability to understand the role of ripples in human memory may benefit from fully understanding these spiking events. In animal models, transient high-frequency oscillations in synchronized neural activity, known as ripples, have been linked to memory. Reithler et al. assess the current evidence for a contribution of ripples to human memory processes and suggest that examining the underlying spike content of ripples could enable researchers to decipher their functions.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"698-714"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x
Dun Mao, Yong Gu
Mobile organisms integrate multimodal self-motion signals — including motor commands, vestibular inputs, optic flow and proprioceptive feedback — to accurately perceive their heading and speed of traversal. These instantaneous cues are processed, via continuous temporal integration and progressive spatial transformations, to facilitate path-integration-based navigation. Recent cutting-edge neurophysiological recordings in animal models have revealed several ubiquitous cross-modal algorithms that contribute to this processing: vestibular–visual convergence to enhance self-motion perception, predictive coding integration to enable optimal dynamic state estimates, landmark-referenced error correction to mitigate path-integration drift and facilitate cognitive spatial map construction, and egocentric-to-allocentric conversion via integration with proprioceptive cues from the eyes, head, body or limbs. Thus, multisensory coding plays an important role in self-motion perception and self-localization during navigational behaviour. As an animal moves within its environment, self-motion signals are generated by the inner ear vestibular organs and the retina and transmitted to the CNS. In this Review, Mao and Gu describe how these multisensory signals are processed and integrated by the brain to enable self-motion perception and aid navigation.
{"title":"Multisensory coding of self-motion and its contribution to navigation","authors":"Dun Mao, Yong Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00970-x","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile organisms integrate multimodal self-motion signals — including motor commands, vestibular inputs, optic flow and proprioceptive feedback — to accurately perceive their heading and speed of traversal. These instantaneous cues are processed, via continuous temporal integration and progressive spatial transformations, to facilitate path-integration-based navigation. Recent cutting-edge neurophysiological recordings in animal models have revealed several ubiquitous cross-modal algorithms that contribute to this processing: vestibular–visual convergence to enhance self-motion perception, predictive coding integration to enable optimal dynamic state estimates, landmark-referenced error correction to mitigate path-integration drift and facilitate cognitive spatial map construction, and egocentric-to-allocentric conversion via integration with proprioceptive cues from the eyes, head, body or limbs. Thus, multisensory coding plays an important role in self-motion perception and self-localization during navigational behaviour. As an animal moves within its environment, self-motion signals are generated by the inner ear vestibular organs and the retina and transmitted to the CNS. In this Review, Mao and Gu describe how these multisensory signals are processed and integrated by the brain to enable self-motion perception and aid navigation.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"715-732"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Going offline to enhance memory during sleep","authors":"Edwin M. Robertson","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00973-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00973-8","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Edwin Robertson discusses a study published in 2000 that found a link between sleep and enhancement of visual memory.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"660-660"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y
Niharika Loomba, Sachin Patel
Anxiety and stress-related psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, have uncertain aetiologies and are only partially responsive to available therapies. Elucidating fundamental mechanisms that regulate anxiety, fear and stress responsivity could reveal new insights into disease mechanisms and offer opportunities for therapeutic development. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling has been shown to modulate innate avoidance behaviour, conditioned defensive behaviour and responsivity to stress in preclinical and human experimental studies. Furthermore, recent studies utilizing eCB biosensors, intersectional genetics and optogenetic-assisted circuit mapping have identified synaptic, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms by which eCBs affect these biobehavioural processes. These data suggest that eCB-deficient states could represent a stress-susceptibility endophenotype while pharmacological eCB augmentation could represent emerging approaches for the treatment of affective and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, several cortical–cortical and cortical–subcortical circuits have been identified as key substrates by which eCB signalling affects avoidance behaviour and stress responsivity. Taken together, the reviewed data offer new insights into the potential contribution of eCB signalling systems to the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-related disorders and reveal fundamental roles for eCB signalling in the modulation of anxiety, fear and stress responsivity. Endocannabinoids are key mediators of affective behaviour, but the neural mechanisms that underlie these effects are only beginning to be elucidated. Here, Loomba and Patel review advances in understanding of the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid control of anxiety-like behaviour and stress adaptation and provide perspectives on unifying models and the therapeutic implications of endocannabinoid signalling.
{"title":"Circuit mechanisms governing endocannabinoid modulation of affective behaviour and stress adaptation","authors":"Niharika Loomba, Sachin Patel","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00961-y","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and stress-related psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, have uncertain aetiologies and are only partially responsive to available therapies. Elucidating fundamental mechanisms that regulate anxiety, fear and stress responsivity could reveal new insights into disease mechanisms and offer opportunities for therapeutic development. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling has been shown to modulate innate avoidance behaviour, conditioned defensive behaviour and responsivity to stress in preclinical and human experimental studies. Furthermore, recent studies utilizing eCB biosensors, intersectional genetics and optogenetic-assisted circuit mapping have identified synaptic, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms by which eCBs affect these biobehavioural processes. These data suggest that eCB-deficient states could represent a stress-susceptibility endophenotype while pharmacological eCB augmentation could represent emerging approaches for the treatment of affective and stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, several cortical–cortical and cortical–subcortical circuits have been identified as key substrates by which eCB signalling affects avoidance behaviour and stress responsivity. Taken together, the reviewed data offer new insights into the potential contribution of eCB signalling systems to the pathophysiology of anxiety and stress-related disorders and reveal fundamental roles for eCB signalling in the modulation of anxiety, fear and stress responsivity. Endocannabinoids are key mediators of affective behaviour, but the neural mechanisms that underlie these effects are only beginning to be elucidated. Here, Loomba and Patel review advances in understanding of the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid control of anxiety-like behaviour and stress adaptation and provide perspectives on unifying models and the therapeutic implications of endocannabinoid signalling.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"677-697"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z
Saba Altaf, Mitchell J. Cummins, Lars M. Ittner, John S. Mattick
Tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes, especially in the brain, wherein most exhibit region-specific and/or cell-specific expression patterns. Many lncRNAs are nuclear-localized and appear to be the products of developmental enhancers, whereas others are found in the cytoplasm, including at the synapse. Here, we describe the lncRNAs that have been shown to have roles in various aspects of brain development, synaptic function, learning, behaviour and brain disorders. Our emerging understanding indicates that lncRNAs direct many, if not most, of the regulatory transactions that give rise to the structure of the brain and modulate its functions, probably through their guidance of relatively generic effector proteins. Although they hold promise as targets for therapeutic interventions, a concerted effort will be required to characterize the structures, functions, spatial distribution and interacting partners of the lncRNAs expressed in the brain, most of which have not been studied. We suggest that the lncRNAs transcribed from genomic regions associated with human neurological traits and disorders be prioritized for analysis. Long non-coding RNAs are abundant in the brain, where they are proposed to regulate numerous processes. In this Review, Mattick and colleagues describe our current understanding of their mechanisms of action, focusing on their contributions to enhancer function and the organization of specialized intracellular domains, and consider their roles in brain function and dysfunction.
{"title":"The emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs in the nervous system","authors":"Saba Altaf, Mitchell J. Cummins, Lars M. Ittner, John S. Mattick","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00960-z","url":null,"abstract":"Tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed from mammalian genomes, especially in the brain, wherein most exhibit region-specific and/or cell-specific expression patterns. Many lncRNAs are nuclear-localized and appear to be the products of developmental enhancers, whereas others are found in the cytoplasm, including at the synapse. Here, we describe the lncRNAs that have been shown to have roles in various aspects of brain development, synaptic function, learning, behaviour and brain disorders. Our emerging understanding indicates that lncRNAs direct many, if not most, of the regulatory transactions that give rise to the structure of the brain and modulate its functions, probably through their guidance of relatively generic effector proteins. Although they hold promise as targets for therapeutic interventions, a concerted effort will be required to characterize the structures, functions, spatial distribution and interacting partners of the lncRNAs expressed in the brain, most of which have not been studied. We suggest that the lncRNAs transcribed from genomic regions associated with human neurological traits and disorders be prioritized for analysis. Long non-coding RNAs are abundant in the brain, where they are proposed to regulate numerous processes. In this Review, Mattick and colleagues describe our current understanding of their mechanisms of action, focusing on their contributions to enhancer function and the organization of specialized intracellular domains, and consider their roles in brain function and dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"661-676"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9
Yu Zheng
In this Tools of the Trade article, Yu Zheng describes the design of a far-red dopamine sensor that enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain.
{"title":"A far-red dopamine sensor unlocks multiplex views of in vivo neuromodulation","authors":"Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41583-025-00972-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this Tools of the Trade article, Yu Zheng describes the design of a far-red dopamine sensor that enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain.","PeriodicalId":49142,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","volume":"26 11","pages":"657-657"},"PeriodicalIF":26.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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