Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Theileria annulata infects B-cells in sheep, which display lower dissemination potential compared to T. lestoquardi-infected ovine B-cells","authors":"Shahin Tajeri ,&nbsp;Perle Latré de Laté ,&nbsp;Johanneke D. Hemmink ,&nbsp;Christina Vrettou ,&nbsp;Gordon Langsley ,&nbsp;W. Ivan Morrison","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Theileria annulata</em> and <em>Theileria lestoquardi</em> are deadly tick-borne parasites of cattle and sheep, respectively. These parasites are transmitted by <em>Hyalomma</em> ticks, and their geographical distributions partially overlap, with <em>T. annulata</em> having a wider range. <em>Theileria lestoquardi</em> infection is highly pathogenic in its natural sheep and goat hosts while <em>T. annulata</em> infection usually causes a mild disease in these species. Interestingly, <em>T. annulata</em> does not produce merozoites/piroplasms in sheep and goats, therefore it is not tick-transmissible. The aim of the current study was to understand the basis of the attenuated pathogenicity of ovine infections by <em>T. annulata. Theileria annulata</em> and <em>T. lestoquardi</em> sporozoites were used to infect sheep and parasitized ovine leukocytes were isolated and phenotyped. This revealed that <em>T. annulata</em> sporozites target ovine B-cells, whereas <em>T. lestoquardi</em> sporozoite infection was not restricted to ovine B-cells. The ability of ovine B-cells infected with <em>T. lestoquardi</em> or <em>T. annulata</em> to traverse Matrigel <em>in vitro</em> was investigated<em>,</em> as a surrogate for their ability to disseminate <em>in vivo</em> and cause disease. The Matrigel traversal index of <em>T. lestoquardi</em>-transformed ovine B-cells was significantly higher than that of <em>T. annulata</em>-transformed ovine B-cells isolated from the same host, consistent with the reported diminished pathogenicity of <em>T. annulata</em> infections in sheep. <em>Theileria lestoquardi</em>-transformed ovine B-cells preferentially expressed matrix metalloproteinase 2 (<em>mmp2</em>)<em>,</em> whereas <em>T. annulata</em>-infected ovine B-cells strongly expressed <em>mmp9.</em> Correspondingly, MMP9 protein levels and collagenase activity were higher in <em>T. annulata</em>-transformed ovine B-cells. However, <em>T. annulata</em>-transformed ovine B-cells expressed higher levels of transcripts for Tissue Inhibitor of Metallopeptidases 1 and 2 (TIMP1 and TIMP2). TIMPs are the natural endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. This argues that their heightened expression could underpin the significantly lower Matrigel traversal activity of <em>T. annulata</em>-infected compared to <em>T. lestoquardi</em>-infected ovine B-cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tick salivary and midgut extracellular vesicles as anti-tick vaccines in White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)","authors":"Julia Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Cristina Harvey ,&nbsp;Cárita de Souza Ribeiro-Silva ,&nbsp;Brenda Leal-Galvan ,&nbsp;Kelly A. Persinger ,&nbsp;Pia U. Olafson ,&nbsp;Tammi L. Johnson ,&nbsp;Adela Oliva Chavez","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current tick control measures are focused on the use of synthetic acaricides and personal protective measures. However, the emergence of acaricide resistance and the maintenance of tick populations in wildlife has precluded the efficient management of ticks. Thus, host-targeted, non-chemical control measures are needed to reliably reduce ticks parasitizing sylvatic reservoirs. This project aimed to evaluate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from <em>Amblyomma americanum</em> as vaccine candidates for white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>; WTD). Salivary gland (SG) and midgut (MG) EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Three deer were vaccinated with SG and MG EVs and received two boosters at days 28 and 50. Two control deer were injected with adjuvant and PBS only. On day 58, WTD were infested with 100 <em>A. americanum</em> nymphs, 50 females, and 50 males that were allowed to feed to repletion. On-host and off-host mortality, tick engorgement weight, nymph molting, time to oviposition, and egg hatchability were evaluated. Serum samples were recovered every seven days until the last day of tick drop off, and then at one year (Y1) and 1-year and 1-month (Y1M1). Vaccination resulted in seroconversion and significant increases in total IgG levels that remained significantly higher than controls and pre-vaccination levels at Y1 and Y1M1. No negative effects were observed in nymphs, but on-host mortality of female <em>A. americanum</em> was significantly higher in vaccinated animals. No effects were observed on reproductive parameters. These results indicate that proteins within female tick SG and MG vesicles are not good candidates for vaccine design against nymphs; however, the on-host adult mortality suggests that tick EVs harbor protective antigens against <em>A. americanum</em> females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotted fever group rickettsiae in black rats, pets, and humans in Zungarococha community, A rural area in the surroundings of Iquitos, Peru","authors":"Cusi Ferradas ,&nbsp;Guillermo Salvatierra ,&nbsp;David Payahuanca ,&nbsp;Winnie Contreras ,&nbsp;Andrés M. López-Pérez ,&nbsp;Therangika A. Hangawatte ,&nbsp;Diana León ,&nbsp;Bruno M. Ghersi ,&nbsp;Ricardo Gamboa ,&nbsp;Katia Manzanares Villanueva ,&nbsp;Viviana Pinedo-Cancino ,&nbsp;Risa Pesapane ,&nbsp;Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich ,&nbsp;Andrés G. Lescano ,&nbsp;Janet Foley","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rickettsiae are a family of ectoparasite-borne bacteria that can produce high morbidity and mortality among humans. There are scarce data on rickettsial ecology in rural areas of the Peruvian Amazon basin, where seroprevalence has not been determined, and the identities of animals acting as reservoirs of these bacteria are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Zungarococha (between 2019 and 2021), a rural community located approximately 20 km away from Iquitos city. Blood samples were collected from humans (175), dogs (123), and cats (12). Blood samples and tissues were collected from black rats (84). Finally, we collected fleas from dogs and cats (222), ticks from dogs (91), and mites from black rats (32). Blood samples from humans, dogs, cats, and black rats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) to detect IgG antibodies against rickettsias. We screened ectoparasites and black rat tissues by real-time-PCR (qPCR). Positive ectoparasites were further assessed by PCR and DNA amplicon sequencing. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate factors associated with being seropositive among human adults. IgG seroprevalences were 38.3 %, 58.5 %, 16.7 % and 48.1 % among humans, dogs, cats, and rats, respectively. Among humans, only male gender was statistically associated with having IgG antibodies against <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. (p-value=0.049, chi-square test). Different ectoparasites were identified, including <em>Ctenocephalides felis</em> from cats and dogs, <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> s.l. from dogs, and <em>Laelaps nuttalli</em> from black rats. <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> s.l. (2/91 ticks) and <em>Ct. felis</em> (53/56 fleas and 55/55 flea pools) were qPCR-positive for <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. Recovered genetic material from 53 <em>Ct. felis</em> was sequenced and all were identified as <em>Rickettsia asembonensis.</em> All tissue samples from black rats were negative by qPCR. Humans, dogs, cats, and black rats are exposed to spotted fever group rickettsiae in rural areas surrounding Iquitos. As reported in urban areas, <em>R. asembonensis</em> is the main <em>Rickettsia</em> species circulating in rural areas surrounding Iquitos and <em>Ct. felis</em> appears to be the main vector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the contribution of multiple factors on Ixodes ricinus abundance across Europe spanning 20 years using different machine learning algorithms","authors":"Samantha Lansdell ,&nbsp;Abin Zorto ,&nbsp;Misaki Seto ,&nbsp;Edessa Negera ,&nbsp;Saeed Sharif ,&nbsp;Sally Cutler","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interplay of biotic and abiotic factors driving <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> abundance trends are not fully understood. Machine learning (ML) approaches are being increasingly used to explore this and predict future abundance patterns of this species, however, the studies focusing on this to date have had limitations (including short study duration, limited sample size, narrow geographical range and use of a single ML model). This study was undertaken to address these limitations by applying 11 predictive ML models (across three data clustering techniques) to a large <em>I. ricinus</em> occurrence dataset (27,150 records) containing geographical and temporal data from a 20-year period across 30 European countries, coupled with data covering a range of climatic and habitat features (temperature, rainfall, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), percentage of discontinuous urban fabric and land use category). To assess which ML model was most suited to prediction of <em>I. ricinus</em> abundance, four performance metric values were calculated per model: Normalised Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), Scatter Index (SI), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and R², all of which describe the statistical relationship between predicted and actual <em>I. ricinus</em> abundance values. Furthermore, using a Random Forest (RF) model across three clustering methods, we determined which features most significantly impacted upon <em>I. ricinus</em> abundance. The study demonstrated that Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AC) methods and Linear Regression (LR) modelling performed best with this dataset. Our findings revealed that land use and rainfall were the primary contributors to <em>I. ricinus</em> abundance, with temperature playing a lesser role. This was measured according to the extent of prediction error increase following exclusion of that factor from the analysis. We provide a summary of the factors most strongly linked to <em>I. ricinus</em> abundance, which can be used to guide interventions to aid the control of ticks and tick-borne disease across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato inhibits CIITA transcription through pSTAT3 activation and enhanced SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression leading to limited IFN-γ production","authors":"Michelle A.E. Brouwer ,&nbsp;Zara Karami ,&nbsp;Samuel T. Keating ,&nbsp;Hedwig Vrijmoeth ,&nbsp;Heidi L.M. Lemmers ,&nbsp;Helga Dijkstra ,&nbsp;Frank L. van de Veerdonk ,&nbsp;Mihaela Lupse ,&nbsp;Hadewych J.M. ter Hofstede ,&nbsp;Mihai G. Netea ,&nbsp;Leo A.B. Joosten","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferons (IFNs) are important signaling molecules in the human immune response against micro-organisms. Throughout initial <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato <em>(B. burgdorferi</em> s.l.<em>)</em> infection <em>in vitro</em>, inadequate IFN-γ production results in the absence of a strong T-helper 1 cell response, potentially hampering the development of an effective antibody responses in Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients. The aim of this study is to help understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms why IFN-γ production is absent in the early onset of LB<em>.</em> Therefore, cytokine production and STAT activation signature, following exposure of human immune cells to <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l.<em>,</em> was investigated <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. While STAT3 phosphorylation was highly induced in T cells, B cells and NK-(T) cells, STAT1 expression and IL-12p70 production were not or only slightly increased upon <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. exposure. In response to <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l., STAT2 phosphorylation and IFNα production remained stable. STAT2 activation only increased in NK-(T) cells. In contrast, STAT4 signaling was reduced in all <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. exposed immune cells. Moreover, <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. significantly increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 gene expression in LB patients. Absence of IFN-γ production and STAT4 activation, in combination with STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulated SOCS1 and SOCS3 gene expression, suggests the formation of a more tolerant and anti-inflammatory response to <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l., specifically in T- and B-cells. In primary human PBMCs and monocyte populations, <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. also specifically interfered with CIITA isoforms normally expressed in antigen presenting dendritic cells. In contrast, it enhanced CIITA isoforms typically present in adaptive immune cell subsets. Restoring antigen presentation capacity of innate immune cells and early production of IFN-γ in LB patients may help re-establish immune functions during initial LB. These new insights will help to understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. during the onset of LB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine piroplasmosis in different geographical areas in France: Prevalence heterogeneity of asymptomatic carriers and low genetic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi","authors":"Maggy Jouglin ,&nbsp;Claire Bonsergent ,&nbsp;Nathalie de la Cotte ,&nbsp;Mickaël Mège ,&nbsp;Céline Bizon ,&nbsp;Anne Couroucé ,&nbsp;Élodie-Anne Lallemand ,&nbsp;Agnès Leblond ,&nbsp;Louise C Lemonnier ,&nbsp;Aurélia Leroux ,&nbsp;Ilaria Marano ,&nbsp;Alexandre Muzard ,&nbsp;Émilie Quéré ,&nbsp;Marion Toussaint ,&nbsp;Albert Agoulon ,&nbsp;Laurence Malandrin","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine piroplasmosis is a worldwide tick-borne disease caused by the parasites <em>Theileria equi</em> sensu lato and <em>Babesia caballi</em>, with significant economic and sanitary consequences. These two parasites are genetically variable, with a potential impact on diagnostic accuracy.</div><div>Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of these parasites in France and describe the circulating genotypes. We developed a species-specific nested PCR protocol targeting the 18S small sub-unit (SSU) rRNA gene and used it on blood samples collected from 566 asymptomatic horses across four National Veterinary Schools.</div><div>The carrier frequency varied from 18.7 % around Paris (central-north) to 56.1 % around Lyon (southeast), with an overall prevalence of 38.3 %. <em>Theileria equi</em> carriers were ten times more frequent (91.7 %; 209/228 isolates) compared to <em>B. caballi</em> carriers (8.3 %; 19/228 isolates). Notably, <em>T. equi</em> carrier frequency was significantly lower in the northern region (Ile de France) compared to the southeastern regions. A positive relationship was observed between the frequencies of asymptomatic carriers and the frequency of previous acute piroplasmosis reported from the owner across all four geographic areas. Neither horse gender nor age showed a significant effect on the frequency of asymptomatic carriers. In some areas, a substantial proportion of horses (22.2 % to 37.5 %) carried <em>T. equi</em> before the age of three years, indicating high infection pressure.</div><div>Genotyping of 201 <em>T. equi</em> isolates revealed a predominance of genotype E (98 %) and few isolates belonging to genotype A (2 %). Notably, two of the four <em>T. equi</em> genotype A isolates were detected in horses originating from Spain. All 19 <em>B. caballi</em> isolates belonged to the genotype A.</div><div>The discussion section explores the link between these results, the tick distribution and abundance, and the frequency of detection of <em>T. equi</em> and <em>B. caballi</em> in febrile cases attributed to piroplasmosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Theileria equi vertical transmission rate and routes in a cohort of asymptomatic mares and their foals","authors":"Lisa-Marie Hermans ,&nbsp;Claire Bonsergent ,&nbsp;Anne Josson ,&nbsp;Gloria Rocafort-Ferrer ,&nbsp;Marine Le Guyader ,&nbsp;Sophie Angelloz-Pessey ,&nbsp;Agnès Leblond ,&nbsp;Laurence Malandrin","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease mainly caused by <em>Theileria equi</em> and <em>Babesia caballi</em>. The objectives of this study were to analyse the frequency and routes of vertical transmission of these blood parasites from 179 asymptomatic mares to their foals. Foals were sampled within 72 h post-partum. The seroprevalences determined by Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) and based on a subset sample of 107 couples, were 59.8% and 42.1% for <em>T. equi</em> and <em>B. caballi</em>, respectively in the mare population, and 54.2% and 40.2% in the foal population. A species-specific nested PCR was performed on all blood samples (358) and on available samples of placenta (24), umbilicus (6) and colostrum (18). For mares, 30.2% (54/179) and 2.2% (4/179) were PCR-positive for <em>T. equi</em> and <em>B. caballi</em>, respectively. Vertical transmission was not observed in the case of <em>B. caballi</em>, and four foals were born <em>T. equi</em> PCR-positive, giving a transmission rate of 7.4% (4/54). The blood smear evaluation showed viable <em>T. equi</em> parasites for the four foals without clinical signs of neonatal equine piroplasmosis, but one foal had acute renal failure. <em>Theileria equi</em> DNA was detected in umbilical cords, placenta and/or colostrum from PCR-positive mares, without correlation with the carrier status of the foal. One foal was born carrier but <em>T. equi</em> DNA had not been detected in the placenta. The 18S rRNA genotype E of <em>T. equi</em> was characterized in the four foals, foetal parts of the placenta and colostrum. The routes of transmission and particularly the possibility of colostral passage warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nation-wide surveillance of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations of humans in Singapore","authors":"Mackenzie L. Kwak ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Chavatte ,&nbsp;Chia-Da Hsu ,&nbsp;Abigail Ng ,&nbsp;Benjamin P Y-H Lee ,&nbsp;Nazmi Bin Nazir ,&nbsp;Nadia Faradilla Maharani Abas ,&nbsp;Erica Qian Hui Lee ,&nbsp;Ryo Nakao ,&nbsp;Benoit Malleret","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are an increasingly important threat to public health in Southeast Asia, due to the role of many tick species as parasites of humans and as vectors of zoonotic pathogens. Singapore is a densely populated Southeast Asian nation with a rich tick fauna and a significant mosaic of city and greenspace. However, apart from occasional case reports, the human-biting ticks in Singapore have received little attention from researchers. Based on an ongoing nationwide tick surveillance program beginning in 2018 and literature records (since 2002), we present data from 51 cases of tick infestation in humans in Singapore involving 128 individual ticks of 11 species. The genera <em>Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes</em>, and <em>Amblyomma</em> were all found to bite humans in Singapore. The most common species infesting humans in Singapore was <em>Dermacentor auratus</em> which was responsible for more than half of all infestations. The first records of <em>Haemaphysalis papuana</em> in Singapore are also presented, with 3 cases of human infestation by this tick species. Finally, we highlight the Singapore National Tick Reference Collection (SNTRC) as an invaluable resource for the identification and study of ticks in Singapore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the need for standardised disease manifestation categories in patients infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus: A Delphi panel","authors":"Kate Halsby ,&nbsp;Gerhard Dobler ,&nbsp;Ava Easton ,&nbsp;Guntis Karelis ,&nbsp;Lenka Krbková ,&nbsp;Jan Kyncl ,&nbsp;Johann Sellner ,&nbsp;Franc Strle ,&nbsp;Malin Veje ,&nbsp;Joanna Zajkowska ,&nbsp;Dace Zavadska ,&nbsp;Frederick J. Angulo ,&nbsp;Andreas Pilz ,&nbsp;Wilhelm Erber ,&nbsp;Meghan Gabriel ,&nbsp;Jon Russo ,&nbsp;Mark Price ,&nbsp;Harish Madhava ,&nbsp;Uta Katharina Meyding-Lamadé","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Categorization systems for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection lack consistency in classifying disease severity. To evaluate the need for a standard, consensus-based categorisation system for TBEV infection across subtypes, we gathered an expert panel of clinicians and scientists with diverse expertise in TBEV infection. Consensus was sought using the Delphi technique, which consisted of 2 web-based survey questionnaires and a final, virtual, consensus-building exercise. Ten panellists representing 8 European countries participated in the Delphi exercise, with specialities in neurology, infectious disease, paediatrics, immunology, virology, and epidemiology. Panellists reached unanimous consensus on the need for a standardised, international categorisation system to capture both clinical presentation and severity of TBEV infection. Ideally, such a system should be feasible for use at bedside, be clear and easy to understand, and capture both the acute and follow-up phases of TBEV infection. Areas requiring further discussion were (1) the timepoints at which assessments should be made and (2) whether there should be a separate system for children. This Delphi panel study found that a critical gap persists in the absence of a feasible and practical classification system for TBEV infection. Specifically, the findings of our Delphi exercise highlight the need for the development of a user-friendly classification system that captures the acute and follow-up (i.e., outcome) phases of TBEV infection and optimally reflects both clinical presentation and severity. Development of a clinical categorisation system will enhance patient care and foster comparability among studies, thereby supporting treatment development, refining vaccine strategies, and fortifying public health surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal activities, morphological characteristics, and veterinary importance of Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis in Ishigaki and Yonaguni, Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Satoko Nakao ,&nbsp;Thillaiampalam Sivakumar ,&nbsp;Yuko Takakuwa ,&nbsp;Hajime Suzuki ,&nbsp;Keiichiro Ohta ,&nbsp;Keiko Nakamura ,&nbsp;Osamu Tsuha ,&nbsp;Yuzuru Ikehara ,&nbsp;Sanae Ikehara ,&nbsp;Syota Ohki ,&nbsp;Mizue Inumaru ,&nbsp;Yukiko Higa ,&nbsp;Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji ,&nbsp;Naoaki Yokoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are of veterinary importance as they transmit various pathogens to animals. In Yaeyama, Okinawa, Japan, <em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em> became the dominant tick species after the eradication of <em>Rhipicephalus</em> (<em>Boophilus</em>) <em>microplus</em> in the 1990s. However, any recent changes remained unclear due to lack of surveys. We surveyed questing ticks in pastures on Ishigaki and Yonaguni islands of Yaeyama, from September 2022 to May 2024. A total of 18,435 ticks, including 14,784 from Ishigaki and 3,651 from Yonaguni, were collected. The ticks collected in Ishigaki and Yonaguni included 7,637 and 2,697 larvae, 5,870 and 829 nymphs, and 1,277 and 125 adults, respectively. Morphological analysis classified all collected adults and nymphs as either <em>Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis</em> or <em>H. longicornis</em>. We observed that <em>H. mageshimaensi</em>s was dominant in both Ishigaki and Yonaguni, accounting for 99 % and 96 % of the populations, respectively, compared to <em>H. longicornis</em>. While adults and nymphs of <em>H. longicornis</em> were active in spring, summer, and autumn, <em>H. mageshimaensis</em> was active year-round. We found that the differences in the body colour and length, density and number of hairs on the second palp segment, and degree of protrusion on the outer edge of the third palp segment may be useful for differentiating <em>H. mageshimaensis</em> from <em>H. longicornis</em>. PCR screening of DNAs from selected ticks showed that 9.7 % of <em>H. mageshimaensis</em> and 25 % of <em>H. longicornis</em> were infected with <em>Theileria orientalis</em>. Our findings indicate that <em>H. mageshimaensis</em> has overtaken <em>H. longicornis</em> as the dominant species in Yaeyama, highlighting the need for year-round tick control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 102440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}