Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Comparison and complete mitogenomes of two morphologically similar but ecologically different tick species, Ixodes arboricola and Ixodes lividus (subgenus Pholeoixodes)","authors":"Sándor Hornok ,&nbsp;Paulina Lesiczka ,&nbsp;Tim Warbroek ,&nbsp;Tijs J.M. van den Bosch ,&nbsp;Andor Pitó ,&nbsp;Gergő Keve ,&nbsp;Nóra Takács ,&nbsp;Jenő Kontschán ,&nbsp;Attila D. Sándor","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ixodes arboricola</em> and <em>Ixodes lividus</em> are ornithophilic tick species. The former is typically associated with tree-hole dwelling birds, while the latter is a host-specific parasite of sand martins (<em>Riparia riparia</em>). These two tick species share important morphological characters that make them difficult to identify when they are collected from atypical hosts, such as birds of prey. Despite this, high resolution digital pictures have not been reported to compare <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em>, nor was their complete mitogenome reported. The aim of this study was to compensate for this lack of illustrations and sequence data. Nymphs and females of <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> were used for morphological comparison, and one specimen of each species to generate mitogenome sequences.</div><div>The results showed that females of these two species are different in the shape of their scutum, porose areas, the length of basis capituli, palps, coxae, genital pore, anal groove and tarsus I. On the other hand, nymphs of <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> can be distinguished according to their cervical grooves, cornuae, auricular ridges and spiracular plates. The mitochondrial genome size was 14,539 and 14,536 bp, for <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em>, respectively. The mitogenome sequences of <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> were 91.1% identical to each other. Phylogenetic analysis of <em>Ixodes</em> species showed that <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> are sister species, and cluster together with <em>Ixodes crenulatus</em>/<em>canisuga</em> under strong support.</div><div>In conclusion, results of this study confirmed that the front of the basis capituli is crucial in distinguishing <em>Ixodes</em> species, especially in the subgenus <em>Pholeoixodes</em> where these two species are phylogenetically closest related to <em>I. canisuga</em>. Another phylogenetically relevant morphological character is the scutal surface which is wrinkled (rugose) as a common feature of <em>Pholeoixodes</em> species in the clade of <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> (including <em>I. canisuga, I. rugicollis</em> and <em>I. ariadnae</em>). Although the host ranges of <em>I. arboricola</em> and <em>I. lividus</em> do not substantially overlap, they may transmit some of the shared pathogens. Relevant data indicate that the eco-epidemiological significance of the two ornithophilic tick species studied here may in part be similar and they may play a role in the transmission of rickettsiae, borreliae and viruses of which birds act as reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic insights into ticks infected by alongshan and tick-borne encephalitis viruses","authors":"Cara Leonie Ebert ,&nbsp;Paula Hornauer ,&nbsp;Klaus Jung ,&nbsp;Julia Metzger ,&nbsp;Stefanie C. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites and key vectors of a wide range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. Climate change and environmental shifts have contributed to the expansion of tick populations and the pathogens they harbor. Ticks rely solely on their innate immune system to combat infections, utilizing mechanisms such as RNA interference, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial peptide expression. However, pathogens have evolved strategies to evade or manipulate these defenses to facilitate their replication and transmission. This study compares the infection dynamics of two tick-borne viruses: <em>Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis</em> (TBEV) and Alongshan virus (ALSV). TBEV, a well-adapted arbovirus, requires both tick and vertebrate hosts for its life cycle and is a major cause of human meningitis and encephalitis across Europe and Asia. In contrast, ALSV appears to be primarily restricted to ticks, with its dependence on vertebrate hosts still unclear. Transcriptomic analyses of <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> ticks revealed distinct gene expression patterns in response to these viruses. TBEV infection primarily regulated genes related to immunity, defense, and digestion—reflecting its adaptation to dual-host environments and acquisition via blood feeding. ALSV infection, however, influenced signaling and infection-related pathways, suggesting a more specialized adaptation to ticks. These findings underscore the differences in immune modulation and metabolic responses between TBEV and ALSV, highlighting the need for further genomic and proteomic studies to enhance our understanding of virus-vector interactions. Such insights could inform strategies for controlling tick-borne diseases and tracking pathogen evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response letter to Rebuttal to Zimmermann et al. (2025) critique of TerL-based PCR","authors":"Manja Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Gabriele Margos ,&nbsp;Christine Hartberger ,&nbsp;Reto Lienhard ,&nbsp;Anna J. Henningsson ,&nbsp;Malin Lager ,&nbsp;Mateusz Markowicz ,&nbsp;Anna-Margarita Schötta ,&nbsp;Andreas Sing ,&nbsp;Benoit Jaulhac ,&nbsp;Per-Eric Lindgren ,&nbsp;Alje P. van Dam ,&nbsp;Joppe W.R. Hovius ,&nbsp;Volker Fingerle","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization and identification of a recent discovered genotype of Theileria orientalis (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the Amazon region, Brazil","authors":"João Paulo S. Alves ,&nbsp;Pedro H.C. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Anisleidy P. Castillo ,&nbsp;Antônio A. Fonseca Junior ,&nbsp;Cairo H.S. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Rômulo C. Leite ,&nbsp;José D. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Júlia A.G. Silveira","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Theileria orientalis</em> is typically considered a benign protozoan parasite of cattle, although certain genotypes can cause significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Despite Brazil harboring the largest buffalo (<em>Bubalus bubalis</em>) herd in the Western Hemisphere, information regarding <em>T. orientalis</em> infections in this species remains scarce. This study aimed to identify and characterize <em>T. orientalis</em> genotypes circulating in water buffaloes from the State of Pará, located in the Amazon region of Brazil. The major piroplasm surface protein (<em>mpsp</em>) gene of <em>T. orientalis</em> was detected by PCR in 39 out of 271 (14.4 %) buffaloes sampled from two farms in Marajó Island (<em>n</em> = 2) and one farm in the mainland (<em>n</em> = 37). Phylogenetic analysis of <em>mpsp</em> gene sequences revealed the presence of three genotypes: two previously described (Types N1 and N2) and one newly identified genotype (provisionally named Type N4). These findings provide the first evidence of <em>T. orientalis</em> genetic diversity in Brazilian buffaloes and highlight the need for further investigations into its epidemiology and potential tick vectors in South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in cats living in Germany and other European countries","authors":"Vera Geisen ,&nbsp;Nikola Pantchev ,&nbsp;Yury Zablotski ,&nbsp;Majda Globokar Vrhovec ,&nbsp;Katrin Hartmann ,&nbsp;Michéle Bergmann ,&nbsp;Gastón Moré ,&nbsp;Walter Basso","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. are increasingly reported in cats from Mediterranean countries, but data for Central and Northern Europe remain limited. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular diversity of <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. in 1357 blood samples from cats living in Germany and other European countries using real-time PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. DNA was detected in 58 cats (4.3 %; 95 %-CI: 3.3–5.5 %). Thirty-seven positive samples were further analyzed by conventional PCR and sequencing. Four sequence types (A-D) were detected. <em>Hepatozoon felis</em> sequences classified within the genogroup I (types A and B) were identified in 33 cats; <em>Hepatozoon silvestris</em> haplotype I (type C) in one cat; and sequences showing 98.5 % identity to <em>H. silvestris</em> (type D) in three cats. Younger cats had a significantly higher infection risk (<em>p</em> = 0.026), while no association with sex was found. Samples submitted for targeted <em>Hepatozoon</em> testing and travel disease screening showed higher positivity rates. Among the 37 molecularly characterized cases, 31 had a known import origin, primarily from Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Italy, Bulgaria, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, and Turkey. Notably, the <em>H. silvestris</em>-positive cat from Austria had no travel history, representing the first autochthonous case in a domestic cat in Austria. This study highlights the emergence of feline <em>Hepatozoon</em> infections in Europe, involving genetically diverse species. Infections should be considered mainly in cats with Mediterranean origin, travel history, outdoor access, or tick exposure. Identifying vectors responsible for transmission is crucial for implementing effective prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyme arthritis: Demographic characteristics and Borrelia ospA genospecies in synovial fluid. A 17-year cohort study in Sweden","authors":"Katharina Ornstein ,&nbsp;Camilla Broholm ,&nbsp;Ram B. Dessau ,&nbsp;Ann-Cathrine Petersson","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyme arthritis (LA) is a recognized manifestation of Lyme borreliosis in Sweden, but data on the causative <em>Borrelia</em> species are limited. This study aimed to describe the demographics of LA and identify <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato (<em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l.) genospecies present in synovial fluid (SF).</div><div>Patient data were collected from the test requisition form accompanying consecutive SF samples submitted to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, for <em>Borrelia</em> DNA detection between 2007 and 2023. Detection was performed using 16S rDNA PCR, and genospecies were determined through <em>ospA</em> PCR followed by sequencing.</div><div><em>Borrelia</em> DNA was detected in 323 samples, corresponding to 283 unique patients, from a total of 2353 samples. Species characterization was successful in 213 cases. LA was diagnosed year-round, with approximately half of the cases occurring in youth (0–19 years). Males predominated among adults (≥20 years), though less so among youth. Two species were most common: <em>B. afzelii</em> (104 cases, 49 %) and <em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu stricto (s.s.) (70 cases, 33 %). <em>B. garinii, B. bavariensis</em>, and <em>B. spielmanii</em> were identified in 21 (9 %), 14 (7 %), and 4 (2 %) cases, respectively.</div><div>In conclusion<em>, B. afzelii</em> was the predominant species in SF. <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.s. accounted for one-third of LA cases, despite being rarely found in ticks or humans in Sweden. <em>B. spielmanii</em> was detected in four cases, representing the first identification of this species in humans in Sweden and, more broadly, in synovial fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotted fever group Rickettsia in Haemaphysalis ticks: genetic diversity and first detection of “Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis” in India","authors":"Vinayak V ,&nbsp;R. Balasubramanian ,&nbsp;Siba S ,&nbsp;Jayashri Patil ,&nbsp;Pradnya Bhadale ,&nbsp;Harsuni H ,&nbsp;Sithalakshmi S ,&nbsp;Jerlyn Varghese ,&nbsp;Kalichamy Alagarasu","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are important vectors of rickettsial pathogens, particularly in regions where livestock, wildlife, and humans overlap. Despite increasing reports of rickettsioses in India, molecular evidence of <em>Rickettsia</em> species in questing ticks from the Western Ghats of Kerala remains scarce. Questing ticks were collected from forest-edge and fringe habitats in Wayanad, Idukki, and Thrissur districts using standardized dragging. Species were identified morphologically, pooled, and screened for <em>Rickettsia</em> DNA by PCR targeting <em>gltA</em> and <em>ompA</em> genes. Amplicons were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using reference sequences. Among 237 ticks belonging to six species, 24 % (12/50 pools) were PCR-positive for <em>Rickettsia</em>. The highest prevalence was observed in <em>Haemaphysalis spinigera</em> (50 %), followed by <em>Haemaphysalis bispinosa</em> (30 %) and <em>Haemaphysalis turturis</em> (9.5 %). Sequence analysis revealed the presence of <em>Rickettsia massiliae</em> and <em>Rickettsia vini</em> like species. Importantly, sequences closely related to “<em>Candidatus</em> Rickettsia jingxinensis<em>”</em> were detected for the first time in India, in <em>H. turturis</em>. Several isolates showed genetic divergence from known strains, suggesting the circulation of uncharacterized <em>Rickettsia</em> species or strains in tick population. This study provides the first molecular evidence of “<em>Ca.</em> R. jingxinensis” in <em>H. turturis</em> from India and demonstrates a high prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. in questing ticks of Kerala. Given the pathogenic potential of some of these species, enhanced surveillance and incorporation of rickettsioses into differential diagnoses of febrile illnesses are needed in South India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in tick cell lines supports the plausibility of possible tick-mediated transmission of this microsporidian","authors":"Bohumil Sak ,&nbsp;Michaela Fibigerová ,&nbsp;Kristína Mravcová ,&nbsp;Nikola Holubová ,&nbsp;Silvie Šikutová ,&nbsp;Jana Fenclová ,&nbsp;Lesley Bell-Sakyi ,&nbsp;Martin Kváč ,&nbsp;Ivo Rudolf","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microsporidia, obligate intracellular parasitic fungi, are increasingly associated with asymptomatic infections. One of the most prevalent zoonotic species, <em>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</em>, has been detected in <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> ticks. Nevertheless, the capacity of microsporidia to replicate within tick hosts remains unresolved. We used tick cell lines IRE11, IRE/CTVM19 and IRE/CTVM20 along with mammalian line Vero E6 for <em>in vitro</em> testing of <em>E. cuniculi</em> propagation. We evaluated the spore number using quantitative RT-PCR and documented the presence of microsporidia in host cells microscopically. We reported successful growth of <em>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</em> in tested tick cell lines, with IRE/CTVM19 providing the most suitable conditions for <em>E. cuniculi</em> propagation, reaching up to 1459 % increase of the inoculum. Moreover, the parasitophorous vacuoles containing developmental stages of microsporidia were observed in all cell lines. Our data support the plausibility of tick-mediated transmission, providing novel insights into the epidemiology of microsporidia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 102578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in incidence of tick bites and physician-reported early and late Lyme borreliosis in the Netherlands","authors":"Oda E. van den Berg,&nbsp;Margriet G. Harms,&nbsp;Anna D. Tulen,&nbsp;Vanessa D. Brown,&nbsp;Jan van de Kassteele,&nbsp;Agnetha Hofhuis,&nbsp;Cees C. van den Wijngaard","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a prevalent vector-borne disease in Europe. Untreated, it can cause severe complications, with some patients experiencing persistent symptoms post-treatment. In the Netherlands, tick bite consultations and erythema migrans (EM) diagnoses tripled from 1994 to 2009, but tick bite consultations declined and EM diagnoses stabilized in 2014. This study examines trends in tick bite consultations, EM diagnoses, and other LB manifestations in the Netherlands from 2014 onward.</div><div>In 2017 and 2021, questionnaires were sent to Dutch GPs to collect data on tick bite consultations and EM diagnoses. The 2021 survey additionally addressed disseminated LB and persistent symptoms attributed to LB. Data were analyzed using a negative binomial distribution, with bootstrapping applied to account for uncertainty.</div><div>The population coverage was 51 % in 2017 and 32 % in 2021. The incidence of tick bite consultations per 100,000 was 534 (518–551) in 2017 and 447 (426–470) in 2021. The incidence of EM diagnoses per 100,000 was 150 (145–155) in 2017 and 147 (140–154) in 2021. In 2021, the incidence was 5.0 (4.2–5.9) per 100,000 for disseminated LB and 5.0 (4.4–5.5) per 100,000 for persisting symptoms attributed to LB.</div><div>Compared to 2014, GP consultations for tick bites and EM diagnoses had increased in 2017. In 2021, tick bite consultations were lower than in 2017, likely due to COVID-19 restrictions. EM diagnoses were similar to 2017. Disseminated LB was lower in 2021 compared to 2010, whilst persisting symptoms attributed to LB remained stable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Spatial distribution and clustering of medically important tick species in Illinois: Implications for tick-borne disease risk” [Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 16 (2025) 102533]","authors":"Abrar Hussain ,&nbsp;Csaba Varga ,&nbsp;Brian F. Allan ,&nbsp;Nohra Mateus-Pinilla ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145330651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}