Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献_第7页

Expression patterns of chemokine mediators and TLR10 in natural bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis infections 趋化因子介质和TLR10在天然牛巴贝斯虫病和无形体病感染中的表达模式

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102546

Mayne Barboza Sarti , Geovana Menegão de Souza , Camila Fagionato Agostinho , Gustavo Henrique Carvalho Borges , Flávia Fernanda Carneiro Santana , Luciana Morita Katiki , Anibal Eugênio Vercesi Filho , Ana Gonçalves Domingos , Rodrigo Giglioti

Cattle tick fever, caused by the protozoa Babesia bovis and B. bigemina and the rickettsial bacterium Anaplasma marginale, represents a significant constraint to livestock productivity worldwide. Taurine cattle are considered more susceptible to these hemoparasites than zebuine breeds. Chemokines and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) play key roles in immune processes such as chemotaxis and inflammation, primarily through interactions with respective receptors. This study assessed the relationship between the expression of four chemokine-related genes (ccr3, cxcl12, cxcl8, and cxcr1) and one TLR (tlr10) with the infection levels of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale in 24 naturally infected calves from two genetic groups (Angus [n = 13; 100% taurine] and Ultrablack [n = 11; 82% Angus, 18% zebuine]). Blood samples were collected every 30 days over six time points (Nov 2021–Apr 2022). DNA was used to quantify hemoparasite loads by qPCR (log DNA copy number, CNlog), while RNA was used for RT-qPCR-based gene expression analysis. A mixed model was used to assess associations between gene expression and infection levels, controlling for evaluation, sex, genetic group, and their interactions. All genes, except cxcl12, showed significant associations with at least one hemoparasite. Higher B. bovis and B. bigemina CNlog values were linked to reduced expression of most genes, whereas A. marginale infection was associated with increased gene expression. These findings highlight distinct immune modulation strategies by hemoparasites and underscore the need for species-specific interventions. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms by which these mediators influence susceptibility or resistance in cattle.

牛蜱热是由牛巴贝斯虫和双头贝斯虫原生动物以及立克次体无原体边缘细菌引起的，是世界范围内牲畜生产力的一个重大制约因素。牛磺酸牛被认为比zebuine品种更容易感染这些血液寄生虫。趋化因子和toll样受体（TLRs）主要通过与各自受体的相互作用，在趋化和炎症等免疫过程中发挥关键作用。本研究评估了来自两个遗传群体（安格斯[n = 13； 100%牛乳]和超黑[n = 11； 82%安格斯，18% zebuine]）的24头自然感染小牛的4个趋化因子相关基因（ccr3、cxcl12、cxcl8和cxcr1）和1个TLR （tlr10）的表达与牛双头牛双头牛和边缘化牛双头牛感染水平的关系。在6个时间点（2021年11月- 2022年4月）每30天采集一次血样。采用DNA qPCR （log DNA拷贝数，CNlog）定量血寄生虫负荷，采用RNA rt -qPCR进行基因表达分析。混合模型用于评估基因表达与感染水平之间的关系，控制评估、性别、遗传群体及其相互作用。除excl12外，所有基因均与至少一种血液寄生虫有显著关联。较高的B. bovis和B. bigemina CNlog值与大多数基因表达降低有关，而A. marginale感染与基因表达增加有关。这些发现强调了血液寄生虫独特的免疫调节策略，并强调了物种特异性干预的必要性。需要进一步的研究来探索这些介质影响牛的易感性或抗性的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Assortative mating in Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821 (Acari: Ixodidae) 肩胛骨伊蚊的分类交配，1821（蜱螨亚纲：伊蚊科）。

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102550

Lorenza Beati , Matteo Montagna , Jean Tsao , Thierry de Meeûs

Mate choice influences levels of inbreeding and genetic diversity in natural populations. Positive assortative mating (PAM), for instance, has been described in Ixodes ricinus L., but this behavior has yet to be investigated in the closely related Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821. By analyzing nine microsatellite loci of 30 females and 30 males removed in copula from hunter-harvested deer specimens at the Savannah River Site (South Carolina) during the hunting season of fall 2010, we found a weak but significant assortative pairing signature in a population that, otherwise, appeared genetically homogeneous. This indicated that in spite of a low average relative relatedness between members of the same pair, the difference between observed and all other possible male-female pairs was highly significant. The results suggested that our non-coding microsatellite loci were drafted by genes coding for PAM, through genetic hitchhiking. To explain our data, such genes would need to be homogeneously distributed in the genome and span from a few genes with major effects on PAM to many genes with moderate or weak effects on PAM.

配偶选择影响着自然种群的近亲繁殖水平和遗传多样性。例如，正分类交配（PAM）已经在蓖麻伊蚊（Ixodes ricinus L.）中被描述，但这种行为尚未在密切相关的肩胛骨伊蚊（Ixodes肩胛骨伊蚊，1821）中被调查。通过分析2010年秋季狩猎季节从萨凡纳河遗址（南卡罗来纳州）采集的30只雌鹿和30只雄鹿标本的9个微卫星位点，我们在种群中发现了一个微弱但重要的分类配对特征，否则，它们在遗传上是同质的。这表明，尽管同一配对的成员之间的平均相对亲缘关系较低，但观察到的与所有其他可能的雄性-雌性配对之间的差异非常显著。结果表明，我们的非编码微卫星位点是由PAM编码基因通过搭便车的方式起草的。为了解释我们的数据，这些基因需要均匀分布在基因组中，并且从少数对PAM有主要影响的基因到许多对PAM有中等或弱影响的基因。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the number of Lyme neuroborreliosis cases in European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) data and national public surveillance reports, 2018–2023 2018-2023年欧洲疾病预防控制中心（ECDC）数据和国家公共监测报告中莱姆病神经螺旋体病病例数的比较

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102542

Alexander Davidson , Frederick J. Angulo , Julie Davis , Kate Halsby , Gordon Brestrich , Jennifer C. Moïsi , James H. Stark

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common vector-borne disease in Europe. At least 29 European Economic Area (EEA) countries publish online LB surveillance reports. However, countries have different criteria for what is notifiable for LB surveillance, limiting comparability. EEA countries began reporting Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) cases, a disseminated LB manifestation, to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2018, using a uniform case definition. This analysis compared LNB data from ECDC and national surveillance reports to evaluate their utility in monitoring LB in Europe. LNB surveillance data from 2018 to 2023 were downloaded from ECDC. Nationally reported online LB surveillance data from EEA countries were identified and reviewed. Countries that reported LNB cases in national surveillance and to ECDC were included and case data were compared. Of 31 EEA countries during 2018 to 2023, 11 (35 %) differentiated LNB cases in their national published LB surveillance; eight of these also reported to ECDC. The number of LNB cases published in national reports in these eight countries did not exactly match the number of LNB cases reported to ECDC but overall disease trends were similar. Comparing the LNB cases from eight countries in ECDC and national surveillance demonstrates that both capture evolving LNB disease trends despite some differences in the number of cases reported to each. To allow for more robust comparisons of LB burden and trends across Europe, harmonizing case definitions and reporting mechanisms for LB would provide great value.

莱姆病（LB）是欧洲最常见的媒介传播疾病。至少有29个欧洲经济区（EEA）国家发布在线LB监测报告。然而，各国对LB监测应通报的内容有不同的标准，限制了可比性。欧洲经济区国家于2018年开始使用统一的病例定义向欧洲疾病预防和控制中心（ECDC）报告莱姆病神经螺旋体病（LNB）病例，这是一种播散性LB表现。该分析比较了ECDC的LNB数据和国家监测报告，以评估其在欧洲监测LB的效用。2018 - 2023年LNB监测数据下载自ECDC。确定并审查了欧洲经济区国家报告的全国在线LB监测数据。纳入了在国家监测中报告LNB病例的国家和向ECDC报告LNB病例的国家，并比较了病例数据。在2018年至2023年期间，31个欧洲经济区国家中，11个（35%）在其国家公布的LB监测中区分了LNB病例；其中8家也向ECDC报告。在这8个国家的国家报告中公布的LNB病例数与向ECDC报告的LNB病例数并不完全匹配，但总体疾病趋势相似。比较八个国家在ECDC和国家监测方面的LNB病例表明，尽管各自报告的病例数存在一些差异，但两者都捕捉到了LNB疾病的发展趋势。为了对整个欧洲的LB负担和趋势进行更有力的比较，统一LB的病例定义和报告机制将具有很大的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Rickettsial exposure in ruminants from Somalia 索马里反刍动物的立克次体暴露

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102543

Aamir M. Osman , Igor S. Silito , Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle , Mohamed A. Shair , Abdalla M. Ibrahim , Maria Carolina A. Serpa , Thállitha S.W.J. Vieira , Marcelo B. Labruna , Rafael F.C. Vieira

Rickettsia spp. are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria, with Rickettsia africae being transmitted by Amblyomma ticks and posing a zoonotic risk. The status of diseases like rickettsiosis is largely unknown in Somalia. Our study investigates rickettsial exposure in livestock across two different regions in the country. A cross-sectional study collected 372 (190 goats, 133 cattle, 49 sheep) serum samples from the Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions of Somalia. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were used to detect anti-R. africae and anti-Rickettsia rhipicephali antibodies, with sera diluted in two-fold increments starting at 1:64. Out of 372 samples, 188/372 (50.5 %) (endpoint titer: 64–2048) were seropositive for rickettsial antigens, with R. africae alone detected in 78/372 (21.0 %) and R. rhipicephali alone in 38/372 (10.2 %). Co-reactivity to both rickettsial antigens occurred in 72/372 (19.4 %) of samples. Cattle showed the highest seroreactivity at 90.2 %, mainly for R. africae, followed by sheep at 28.6 %, and goats at 28.4 %. Cattle and sheep were more likely to be seropositive than goats (OR: 24.5 and 1.1, respectively). This study provides the first serological evidence of Rickettsia spp. in ruminants from Somalia. Our findings suggest heightened susceptibility in cattle, posing health risks to humans, especially if cattle are considered sentinels for human exposure to R. africae.

立克次体属革兰氏阴性专性细胞内细菌，非洲立克次体由蜱虫传播，具有人畜共患风险。在索马里，立克次体病等疾病的状况基本上是未知的。我们的研究调查了该国两个不同地区牲畜的立克次体暴露情况。横断面研究从索马里的贝纳迪尔和下谢贝利地区收集了372份血清样本（190只山羊、133头牛、49只绵羊）。间接免疫荧光法（IFA）检测抗r。非洲和抗根瘤体立克次体抗体，从1:64开始以两倍的增量稀释血清。在372份样本中，188/372份（50.5%）（终点滴度：64-2048）立克次体抗原血清阳性，其中78/372份（21.0%）检测到单独的非洲血吸虫，38/372份（10.2%）检测到单独的鼻管绦虫。372份样本中有72份（19.4%）对两种立克次体抗原发生共反应。牛的血清反应率最高，为90.2%，主要是非洲鼠，其次是绵羊（28.6%）和山羊（28.4%）。牛和绵羊比山羊更有可能呈血清阳性（OR分别为24.5和1.1）。本研究首次提供了索马里反刍动物立克次体的血清学证据。我们的研究结果表明，牛的易感性增加，对人类构成健康风险，特别是如果牛被认为是人类接触非洲R.的哨兵。

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引用次数: 0

An assessment of the possible recent establishment of Hyalomma rufipes in Hungary 匈牙利最近可能出现的rufipes透明瘤的评估

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102544

Gergő Keve , Tekla Varga , Márton Hoitsy , Kata Wermer , Sándor Hornok

The aim of this study was to assess the viability of an opportunistic population of Hyalomma rufipes, as evidence of reproduction had been documented in the southern part of Central Europe, specifically Hungary, in 2022. To assess the current situation, tick collections targeting various mammalian species were organized with the assistance of local veterinarians between September 2022 and May 2024. Over the study period, 1502 ticks were collected; however, none belonged to the Hyalomma genus. Dermacentor reticulatus dominated in our sample population (n = 963), followed by Ixodes ricinus (n = 436). Other species found in the area were: Haemaphysalis concinna (n = 45), Dermacentor marginatus (n = 38), Ixodes hexagonus (n = 13), Alloceraea inermis (n = 6), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.s. (n = 1). Two Hyalomma marginatum males were received from veterinarians between 2022 and 2024, although these were collected far from our study area. Our results suggests that the H. rufipes population recorded in 2022 did not persist.

这项研究的目的是评估一个机会主义的rufipes种群的生存能力，因为有证据表明，在中欧南部，特别是匈牙利，在2022年有繁殖的证据。为了评估目前的情况，在2022年9月至2024年5月期间，在当地兽医的协助下，组织了针对各种哺乳动物物种的蜱虫收集。在研究期间，收集了1502只蜱虫；然而，没有一个属于透明藻属。在我们的样本种群中，网状革螨占主导地位（n = 963），其次是蓖麻伊蚊（n = 436）。在该地区发现的其他物种有：相邻血蜱（45种）、边缘革蜱（38种）、六角形伊蚊（13种）、小异角蜱（6种）和血头蜱（1种）。在2022年至2024年期间，从兽医那里收到了两只边缘透明瘤雄性，尽管这些动物远离我们的研究区域。我们的研究结果表明，2022年记录的H. rufipes种群并没有持续存在。

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引用次数: 0

Unusual increase in tularemia incidence in Alsace, Northeastern France in 2024 2024年法国东北部阿尔萨斯地区兔热病发病率异常增加

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102545

M. Martinot , T. Lemmet , A. Barthel , P. Suntharasarma , M. Mohseni-Zadeh , G. Gregorowicz , P. Boyer , Y. Hansmann , V. Gerber

Tularemia is a bacterial zoonosis endemic to the Northern Hemisphere, transmitted through various modes and presenting with diverse clinical manifestations. In recent years, the number of notifications (tularemia is a reportable disease in France) have increased and the spectrum of clinical forms have changed. We conducted a retrospective study of tularemia incidence diagnosed in 2024 at two major hospitals in Alsace, a small region of Northeastern France. This study included 10 cases (7 men and 3 women; mean age = 52 years) reported in 2024. Clinical forms comprised six ulceroglandular or glandular cases, two oropharyngeal forms, and two pleuropulmonary forms including a fatal case in a 73-year-old immunocompromised patient.. Three patients reported recent tick bites, while two others had frequent tick exposure. In 9 of the 10 cases, tularemia was not initially suspected by primary care physicians, leading to delayed diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, and complications. Nationwide, 150 cases were reported in 2024, including 33 from the Northeastern region, of which 10 were our cases. Compared to other regions of France, cases in Alsace showed a higher proportion associated with tick-related transmission. Our findings reveal a peak in tularemia incidence in Alsace in 2024. Primary care physicians often failed to recognize tularemia, resulting in delayed treatment and complications—even in cases with typical glandular forms. Tularemia is an increasing zoonosis that may be under recognized among general practitioners. There is a need for increased awareness and education among healthcare providers and the public.

土拉菌病是北半球特有的一种细菌性人畜共患病，通过多种方式传播，具有多种临床表现。近年来，通报的数量有所增加（土拉菌病在法国是一种需报告的疾病），临床形式的范围也发生了变化。我们对2024年在法国东北部小地区阿尔萨斯的两家主要医院诊断的兔热病发病率进行了回顾性研究。本研究纳入了2024年报告的10例病例（7男3女，平均年龄52岁）。临床形式包括6例腺或腺溃疡病例，2例口咽溃疡病例和2例胸膜肺溃疡病例，其中包括一名73岁免疫功能低下患者的致命病例。三名患者报告最近被蜱虫叮咬，另外两人经常接触蜱虫。在10例中，有9例最初未被初级保健医生怀疑为土拉菌病，导致诊断延误、治疗不当和并发症。2024年全国报告病例150例，其中东北地区33例，我市报告病例10例。与法国其他地区相比，阿尔萨斯的病例与蜱虫相关传播的比例更高。我们的研究结果显示，2024年阿尔萨斯地区兔热病发病率达到高峰。初级保健医生往往不能识别土拉菌病，导致治疗延误和并发症-即使是典型的腺状病例。兔热病是一种日益增加的人畜共患病，可能在全科医生中被认识不足。有必要提高卫生保健提供者和公众的认识和教育。

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引用次数: 0

New insight into the tick neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from molecular to pharmacological studies. 蜱神经烟碱乙酰胆碱受体的新见解：从分子到药理学研究。

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102534

Khalid Boussaine, Philippine Chartier, Alison Cartereau, Daniel Auguin, Emiliane Taillebois, Steeve H Thany

ACh is known to be an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of several arthropod species. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in rapid neurotransmission and are the target of compounds used as acaricides. In the present review, we discuss recent data on the study of the functional properties of tick neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes present in the synganglion. Several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits have been characterized in tick species. We show that despite difficulties expressing functional receptors in heterologous systems, recent advances using the microtransplantation of tick synganglion membranes in Xenopus oocytes, and electrophysiological recordings of native neurons help to understand the pharmacological properties of tick nicotinic receptors. In addition, molecular modeling studies provide new criteria in the study of ligand-receptor interactions.

乙酰胆碱是几种节肢动物中枢神经系统中的一种兴奋性神经递质。烟碱乙酰胆碱受体参与快速神经传递，是用作杀螨剂的化合物的目标。本文就蜱神经节中烟碱乙酰胆碱受体亚型功能特性的研究进展作一综述。几种烟碱乙酰胆碱受体亚基在蜱类中已被鉴定。我们发现，尽管在异种系统中表达功能受体存在困难，但利用爪蟾卵母细胞中蜱联合神经节膜的微移植和原生神经元的电生理记录的最新进展有助于了解蜱尼古丁受体的药理学特性。此外，分子模拟研究为研究配体-受体相互作用提供了新的标准。

引用次数: 0

The role of large ungulate grazers on Ixodes ricinus and tick-borne pathogens in the New Forest - a case study for future rewilded landscapes 大型有蹄类食草动物对新森林中蓖麻伊蚊和蜱传病原体的作用——未来野生景观的一个案例研究

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102541

Sara L. Gandy , Faye V. Brown , Nicola J. Jones , Sarah M. Biddlecombe , Georgia Kirby , Colin J. Johnston , Kayleigh M. Hansford , Alexander G.C. Vaux , Ternenge T. Apaa , Nicholas Johnson , Jolyon M. Medlock

Large ungulate grazers can manage habitats via conservation grazing, a practice using livestock to control vegetation growth, which has many ecological benefits but has the potential to provide additional hosts for ticks and consequently have an impact on tick-borne disease risk. Cattle and sheep are suspected to be transmission hosts for several tick-transmitted pathogens, so the presence of livestock could increase disease hazard. However, some ungulate species do not transmit other pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), so conservation grazing could reduce prevalence of these pathogens, and thus environmental disease hazard, by diverting ticks from feeding on transmission hosts. To better understand these dynamics, we used a paired experiment in the New Forest in southern England. Questing ticks were collected at 20 sites between 2021 and 2023. Ten sites were inside “inclosures” (New Forest term for fenced woodlands to exclude livestock) and the remaining ten were not fenced, which permitted livestock grazing. Grazing led to significantly shorter ground vegetation and fewer questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs. We tested 2974 nymphs for multiple pathogens and determined there were no significant differences in nymphal infection prevalence or density of infected nymphs for B. burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum between sites. However, we found that the density of infected nymphs for Borrelia garinii and Borrelia valaisiana was lower where there was grazing. In this study, we show that conservation grazing by ponies and cattle could lower tick density, probably by affecting the vegetation understory, and could potentially lower disease hazard for some genospecies of B. burgdorferi s.l. but not A. phagocytophilum.

大型有蹄类食草动物可以通过保护性放牧来管理栖息地，这是一种利用牲畜来控制植被生长的做法，具有许多生态效益，但有可能为蜱虫提供额外的宿主，从而对蜱传疾病的风险产生影响。牛和羊被怀疑是几种蜱传播病原体的传播宿主，因此牲畜的存在可能会增加疾病危害。然而，一些有蹄类物种不传播其他病原体，如伯氏疏螺旋体（s.l），因此保护性放牧可以通过转移蜱对传播宿主的摄食来减少这些病原体的流行，从而减少环境疾病危害。为了更好地理解这些动态，我们在英格兰南部的新森林进行了配对实验。在2021年至2023年期间，在20个地点收集了探询蜱。10个地点位于“圈地”（新森林术语，指用围栏围起来的林地，以排除牲畜）内，其余10个地点没有围栏，允许放牧牲畜。放牧导致地面植被明显缩短，寻找蓖麻伊蚊若虫数量减少。我们对2974个若虫进行了多种病原体的检测，发现不同地点的伯氏疏螺旋体和嗜吞噬细胞无原体的若虫感染流行率和感染密度没有显著差异。然而，我们发现，在放牧的地方，感染的加里氏疏螺旋体和瓦莱西氏疏螺旋体的若虫密度较低。在本研究中，我们发现小马和牛的保护性放牧可能通过影响植被下层植被来降低蜱虫密度，并且可能降低某些伯氏疏螺旋体基因种的疾病危害，但对嗜吞噬细胞螺旋体没有作用。

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引用次数: 0

A review on the role of birds as disseminators of ticks, with special emphasis on Hyalomma species and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus 综述了鸟类作为蜱虫传播者的作用，特别强调了透明体和克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102535

Gergő Keve , Attila D. Sándor , Sándor Hornok

Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma rufipes are tick species of high medical importance, primarily due to their ability to transmit the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. While H. marginatum is endemic in Southern Europe, H. rufipes maintains viable populations exclusively in Africa. Nevertheless, adult specimens of both tick species are frequently detected in non-endemic regions of Europe. This phenomenon is primarily driven by bird migration, during which these two-host ticks can be transported over great distances. To enhance our understanding of the role of birds in the dispersal of Hyalomma ticks and their potential contribution to the passive transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, this mini review was compiled. By synthesizing relevant articles, the summary aims to contribute to a more precise understanding of the phenomenon. According to our findings, the relationship between bird-transported Hyalomma species and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is highly complex from an eco-epidemiological perspective. A better understanding of the direct association between migratory birds and the virus, as well as the mechanisms of viral persistence and transmission, is essential for developing effective risk assessment strategies.

边缘透明体和斑疹透明体是具有高度医学重要性的蜱类，主要是因为它们能够传播克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒。虽然边缘芽孢杆菌是南欧的地方病，但rufipes只在非洲维持着可存活的种群。然而，在欧洲非流行地区经常发现这两种蜱虫的成年标本。这种现象主要是由鸟类迁徙造成的，在迁徙过程中，这两种宿主蜱虫可以远距离传播。为了加强我们对鸟类在透明体蜱传播中的作用及其对克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒被动传播的潜在贡献的理解，编写了这篇小型综述。通过综合相关文章，该摘要旨在有助于更准确地理解这一现象。根据我们的研究结果，从生态流行病学的角度来看，鸟类传播的透明瘤物种与克里米亚-刚果出血热之间的关系非常复杂。更好地了解候鸟与病毒之间的直接联系，以及病毒持续存在和传播的机制，对于制定有效的风险评估战略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Metagenomic evidence of viral secretion from tick salivary glands to saliva: implications for potential horizontal transmission 从蜱唾液腺到唾液的病毒分泌的宏基因组证据：潜在的水平传播的含义

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102540

Jun Ni , Liyan Fu , Jian Xiao , Chenxuan Li , Xiaoli Wu , Zhi Yuan , Jun Wang , Shuang Tang , Fei Deng , Shu Shen

Ticks transmit diverse viral pathogens to hosts during blood-feeding via saliva secretion. This study characterized viral compositions in salivary glands and saliva from adults of four tick species (Ixodes persulcatus, Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Haemaphysalis concinna) collected in China. Meta-transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct viromes across species, with Flaviviridae dominant in R. microplus, Nairoviridae in H. concinna and I. persulcatus, and Phenuiviridae in H. longicornis and I. persulcatus. Among 27 viruses detected in salivary glands, 14 were identified in saliva, indicating horizontal transmission potential. Viruses with higher abundance (transcripts per thousand bases per million, TPM) in salivary glands were more likely to be secreted in saliva. Genomic sequences of eight viruses, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), Songling virus (SGLV), Wetland virus (WELV), Beiji nairovirus (BJNV), Mukawa virus (MKWV), and Wuhan tick virus 2 (WHTV2), which are associated with human diseases or possess spillover potentials, were fully assembled from salivary glands and confirmed in saliva. Notably, SFTSV in H. longicornis; MKWV, Sichuan tick hepe-like virus, and Jilin luteo-like virus 2 in I. persulcatus; and JMTV in R. microplus showed significantly increased abundance in saliva, indicating an enhanced secretion of these viruses into saliva. Conversely, TBEV, BJNV, and Sara tick phlebovirus in I. persulcatus, SGLV and WELV in H. concinna, and WHTV2 in R. microplus exhibited reduced salivary abundance despite glandular presence. These findings demonstrate differential secretion capabilities of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) from glands to saliva, advancing understanding of horizontal transmission risks for pathogens affecting human health.

蜱在吸血过程中通过唾液分泌将多种病毒病原体传播给宿主。本研究对在中国采集的4种蜱（过角蜱、微头蜱、长角血蜱和细角血蜱）成年蜱的唾液腺和唾液中的病毒成分进行了分析。元转录组学分析显示，不同物种间的病毒组差异明显，黄病毒科在微加河鼠中占优势，黄病毒科在concinna和persulcatus中占优势，而phenuivirus科在长角河鼠和persulcatus中占优势。在唾液腺中检测到的27种病毒中，有14种在唾液中检测到，表明有水平传播的可能。唾液腺中丰度较高的病毒（每百万碱基转录本，TPM）更有可能在唾液中分泌。利用唾液腺对与人类疾病相关或具有外溢性的8种病毒（包括发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）、蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）、荆门蜱病毒（JMTV）、松林病毒（SGLV）、湿地病毒（WELV）、Beiji naiovirus （BJNV）、Mukawa病毒（MKWV）和武汉蜱病毒2型（WHTV2））进行了全基因组测序，并在唾液中进行了鉴定。值得注意的是，长角锥虫SFTSV；MKWV、四川蜱类肝炎病毒和吉林黄体样病毒2型；和JMTV在微加河鼠唾液中的丰度显著增加，表明这些病毒在唾液中的分泌增强。相反，在过sulcatus中的TBEV、BJNV和Sara tick lebovirus，在concinna中的SGLV和WELV，以及在microplus中的WHTV2，尽管存在腺体，但在唾液中丰度降低。这些发现证明了蜱传病毒（TBVs）从腺体到唾液的不同分泌能力，促进了对影响人类健康的病原体水平传播风险的理解。

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