Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献_第7页

Metagenomic evidence of viral secretion from tick salivary glands to saliva: implications for potential horizontal transmission 从蜱唾液腺到唾液的病毒分泌的宏基因组证据：潜在的水平传播的含义

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102540

Jun Ni , Liyan Fu , Jian Xiao , Chenxuan Li , Xiaoli Wu , Zhi Yuan , Jun Wang , Shuang Tang , Fei Deng , Shu Shen

Ticks transmit diverse viral pathogens to hosts during blood-feeding via saliva secretion. This study characterized viral compositions in salivary glands and saliva from adults of four tick species (Ixodes persulcatus, Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Haemaphysalis concinna) collected in China. Meta-transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct viromes across species, with Flaviviridae dominant in R. microplus, Nairoviridae in H. concinna and I. persulcatus, and Phenuiviridae in H. longicornis and I. persulcatus. Among 27 viruses detected in salivary glands, 14 were identified in saliva, indicating horizontal transmission potential. Viruses with higher abundance (transcripts per thousand bases per million, TPM) in salivary glands were more likely to be secreted in saliva. Genomic sequences of eight viruses, including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), Songling virus (SGLV), Wetland virus (WELV), Beiji nairovirus (BJNV), Mukawa virus (MKWV), and Wuhan tick virus 2 (WHTV2), which are associated with human diseases or possess spillover potentials, were fully assembled from salivary glands and confirmed in saliva. Notably, SFTSV in H. longicornis; MKWV, Sichuan tick hepe-like virus, and Jilin luteo-like virus 2 in I. persulcatus; and JMTV in R. microplus showed significantly increased abundance in saliva, indicating an enhanced secretion of these viruses into saliva. Conversely, TBEV, BJNV, and Sara tick phlebovirus in I. persulcatus, SGLV and WELV in H. concinna, and WHTV2 in R. microplus exhibited reduced salivary abundance despite glandular presence. These findings demonstrate differential secretion capabilities of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) from glands to saliva, advancing understanding of horizontal transmission risks for pathogens affecting human health.

蜱在吸血过程中通过唾液分泌将多种病毒病原体传播给宿主。本研究对在中国采集的4种蜱（过角蜱、微头蜱、长角血蜱和细角血蜱）成年蜱的唾液腺和唾液中的病毒成分进行了分析。元转录组学分析显示，不同物种间的病毒组差异明显，黄病毒科在微加河鼠中占优势，黄病毒科在concinna和persulcatus中占优势，而phenuivirus科在长角河鼠和persulcatus中占优势。在唾液腺中检测到的27种病毒中，有14种在唾液中检测到，表明有水平传播的可能。唾液腺中丰度较高的病毒（每百万碱基转录本，TPM）更有可能在唾液中分泌。利用唾液腺对与人类疾病相关或具有外溢性的8种病毒（包括发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）、蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）、荆门蜱病毒（JMTV）、松林病毒（SGLV）、湿地病毒（WELV）、Beiji naiovirus （BJNV）、Mukawa病毒（MKWV）和武汉蜱病毒2型（WHTV2））进行了全基因组测序，并在唾液中进行了鉴定。值得注意的是，长角锥虫SFTSV；MKWV、四川蜱类肝炎病毒和吉林黄体样病毒2型；和JMTV在微加河鼠唾液中的丰度显著增加，表明这些病毒在唾液中的分泌增强。相反，在过sulcatus中的TBEV、BJNV和Sara tick lebovirus，在concinna中的SGLV和WELV，以及在microplus中的WHTV2，尽管存在腺体，但在唾液中丰度降低。这些发现证明了蜱传病毒（TBVs）从腺体到唾液的不同分泌能力，促进了对影响人类健康的病原体水平传播风险的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Sexual dimorphism of the Lyme disease bacterium in its tick vector – Abundance of Borrelia burgdorferi is higher in female than male Ixodes scapularis larvae 莱姆病细菌在其蜱媒介中的两性二态性——肩胛骨伊蚊幼虫中，雌性伯氏疏螺旋体的丰度高于雄性

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102539

Cody W. Koloski , Hesham Adam , Azka Siddiqa , Brooklyn Bourgeois , Neil B. Chilton , Monika Gulia-Nuss , Maarten J. Voordouw

Background

In North America, the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) causes Lyme disease and is transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. Acquisition and transmission of B. burgdorferi ss occur during blood feeding, which is done by three tick stages, larvae, nymphs, and adults. Sex-specific differences in tick body size and blood feeding behaviour may influence transmission of tick-borne pathogens. However, sex-specific molecular markers are needed for sex determination of immature ticks. The objective of this study was to determine whether tick sex influences the acquisition and abundance of B. burgdorferi ss in immature I. scapularis ticks.

Methods

Uninfected or B. burgdorferi-infected larvae and nymphs were fed on B. burgdorferi-infected or uninfected lab mice and allowed to moult into the next stage. The sex of immature and adult ticks was determined using sex-specific PCR. The presence and abundance of B. burgdorferi in ticks were determined using 23S rRNA qPCR, and the amount of tick tissue was determined using tick calreticulin qPCR.

Results

There was no difference in acquisition of B. burgdorferi between immature male and female I. scapularis. In engorged larvae, the spirochete load was 45.7 % higher in female larvae compared to male larvae, and this difference was significant. In 4-week-old unfed nymphs, the spirochete load was 7.4 % higher in female nymphs compared to male nymphs, but this difference was not significant. In engorged larvae, the tick calreticulin gene content was similar between the sexes, whereas in unfed nymphs, the calreticulin gene content was 12.6 % higher in females than males, suggesting that female nymphs are larger. In adult ticks, female ticks weighed more, had higher calreticulin gene content, and higher spirochete loads than adult male ticks. Future studies should investigate whether tick sex influences the vector competence of Ixodes ticks for other tick-borne pathogens.

在北美，蜱传播的螺旋体伯氏疏螺旋体（ss）引起莱姆病，并由黑腿蜱，肩胛骨蜱传播。伯氏疏螺旋体的获取和传播发生在吸血过程中，由三个蜱虫阶段，幼虫、若虫和成虫完成。蜱体大小和吸血行为的性别差异可能影响蜱传病原体的传播。然而，性别特异性分子标记是确定未成熟蜱性别的必要条件。本研究的目的是确定蜱性别是否影响未成熟的肩胛骨蜱的伯氏疏螺旋体的获取和丰度。方法将感染伯氏疏螺旋体或感染伯氏疏螺旋体的幼虫和若虫分别饲喂于感染伯氏疏螺旋体或未感染伯氏疏螺旋体的实验小鼠，并让其蜕皮至下一阶段。采用性别特异性PCR法测定未成熟蜱和成蜱的性别。采用23S rRNA qPCR检测蜱中伯氏疏螺旋体的存在度和丰度，采用蜱钙网蛋白qPCR检测蜱组织数量。结果未成熟雄、雌肩胛骨鼠对伯氏疏螺旋体的获取无明显差异。在饱食幼虫中，雌幼虫的螺旋体负荷比雄幼虫高45.7%，且差异显著。在4周大的未喂食若虫中，雌性若虫的螺旋体负荷比雄性若虫高7.4%，但这种差异并不显著。在饱食幼虫中，蜱的钙网蛋白基因含量在两性之间相似，而在未饱食若虫中，雌蜱的钙网蛋白基因含量比雄蜱高12.6%，表明雌若虫体型较大。在成年蜱中，雌蜱比雄蜱体重更重，钙网蛋白基因含量更高，螺旋体负荷也更高。今后的研究应进一步探讨蜱的性别是否会影响蜱对其他蜱媒病原体的传播能力。

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引用次数: 0

Opinion: Ecologists and entomologists wanted! An open invitation to alpha-gal syndrome research 意见：招聘生态学家和昆虫学家！alpha-gal综合征研究的公开邀请

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102538

Kate M. Barnett , Caroline K. Maki , William L. Nicholson , Charles Ben Beard , Gilbert J. Kersh , Johanna S. Salzer

In this Opinion, the authors investigated peer-reviewed publications on alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also known as red meat allergy, since its first description in the literature in 2009 to October 2024 to understand academic discipline and geographic affiliation of associated authors. We raise the issue of disproportionate contribution between medical disciplines and ecology/entomology disciplines and emphasize the positive future impacts of increased collaboration between the fields to address current gaps in our fundamental knowledge of this unique tick-borne disease.

在本意见中，作者调查了同行评审的关于α -gal综合征（AGS）（也称为红肉过敏）的出版物，从2009年到2024年10月首次在文献中描述，以了解相关作者的学术学科和地理关系。我们提出了医学学科和生态学/昆虫学学科之间不成比例的贡献问题，并强调加强各领域之间的合作将对未来产生积极影响，以解决我们目前在这种独特的蜱传疾病的基础知识方面的差距。

引用次数: 0

Proposing a subgenus Borreliella 提出一个疏螺旋体亚属

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102536

Gabriele Margos , Brian Stevenson , Richard Birtles , Alexander Gofton , Emilie Talagrand-Reboul , Markus Goeker , Volker Fingerle

In 2014, it was proposed (validly published in 2015) that the genus Borrelia be divided into two genera, with a new genus Borreliella holding species of the Lyme borreliosis group of spirochetes and the genus Borrelia retaining all other species. As borrelias are medically important bacteria and as concerns about this taxonomic proposal were raised, this genus split was controversial. In particular, the accuracy of the genetic signatures used to support the division of the genus has been questioned, particularly as new taxa have markedly increased the diversity of the genus in recent years. Restoration of the genus Borrelia to its original form was therefore proposed as an emendation in 2018.

However, some databases adhere to the policy of using the last validly published name of a genus as the correct name and, hence, fail to recognize a reversion to a previous taxonomy and to previously validly published names (homotypic synonyms). We therefore propose to lower the genus Borreliella in rank to a subgenus. This will create a validly published name newer than the genus name Borreliella that can then be used by databases and provides a means of formally referring to the same group without implying necessary changes of species names. Applying the underused subgenus category instead of splitting an already monophyletic genus into several genera could be a preferable solution for other bacterial groups, too.

2014年，有人提出（2015年有效发表）将疏螺旋体属分为两个属，其中一个新属包含螺旋体莱姆病组的疏螺旋体属，而疏螺旋体属保留所有其他物种。由于疏螺旋体是医学上重要的细菌，并且对这一分类学建议提出了担忧，这种属的分裂是有争议的。特别是，用于支持属划分的遗传特征的准确性受到质疑，特别是近年来新分类群显著增加了属的多样性。因此，2018年提议将疏螺旋体属恢复到其原始形式。但是，有些数据库坚持使用最后一个有效发布的属名作为正确名称的策略，因此无法识别到以前的分类法和以前有效发布的名称（同型同义词）的回归。因此，我们建议将疏螺旋体属的等级降低到一个亚属。这将创建一个比属名Borreliella更新的有效公布名称，然后可以被数据库使用，并提供一种正式引用同一组的方法，而无需暗示物种名称的必要更改。应用未充分利用的亚属分类，而不是将一个已经是单系的属划分为几个属，对其他细菌群来说也是一个更好的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the prevalence of three disease-causing pathogens in bird-borne blacklegged ticks: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti 三种致病病原体在鸟媒黑腿蜱中的流行变化：狭义伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和微小巴贝斯虫

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102537

Medha Pandey , J. Alan Clark , Nicholas P. Piedmonte , Christine P. Zolnik , Justin R. Pool , Thomas J. Daniels , Evon Hekkala

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti are common tick-borne pathogens of medical and veterinary concern in the United States and are transmitted by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). The range expansion of ticks and their pathogens depends on the movements of vertebrate hosts, including birds. Flight grants birds high mobility – giving them the potential to rapidly expand the range of ticks and their pathogens, thus impacting human, wildlife, and livestock risk of exposure to tick-borne diseases. We examined the prevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, A. phagocytophilum, and Ba. microti in bird-borne I. scapularis larvae over the last decade and the relative importance of specific bird species in their maintenance in the environment. Engorged I. scapularis larvae collected from birds in 2010 and 2019 were tested for pathogens using qPCR. Annual prevalences of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, A. phagocytophilum, and Ba. microti significantly differed between years (P < 0.05), changing from 17.2 %, 9.7 %, and 0 % in 2010 to 33.8 %, 2.9 %, and 5.1 % in 2019, respectively. Bird species significantly predicted B. burgdorferi sensu stricto infection with the American robin (Turdus migratorius), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and northern house wren (Troglodytes aedon) yielding ticks with high infection prevalences. Migratory and resident bird species may play important roles in the environmental maintenance of tick-borne pathogens and their range expansion in various ways, and further assessments of these pathogen-vector-host interactions are needed.

狭义伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和微小巴贝斯虫是美国医学和兽医关注的常见蜱传病原体，由黑腿蜱（肩胛硬蜱）传播。蜱虫及其病原体的活动范围取决于包括鸟类在内的脊椎动物宿主的活动。飞行使鸟类具有高度的机动性——使它们有可能迅速扩大蜱虫及其病原体的范围，从而影响人类、野生动物和牲畜接触蜱虫传播疾病的风险。我们调查了狭义伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬胞杆菌和嗜吞噬胞杆菌的流行情况。近十年来鸟载褐飞虱幼虫中微虫的研究进展，以及特定鸟类对其在环境中维持的相对重要性。利用qPCR技术对2010年和2019年从鸟类身上采集的肿胀的肩胛骨棘球绦虫幼虫进行病原体检测。严感伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞疏螺旋体和嗜吞噬细胞疏螺旋体的年患病率。microti在不同年份之间有显著差异(P <；0.05)，从2010年的17.2%、9.7%和0%分别变化到2019年的33.8%、2.9%和5.1%。鸟类对伯氏疏螺旋体的感染有显著的预测作用，美洲知更鸟（Turdus migratorius）、卡罗莱纳鹪鹩（Thryothorus ludovicianus）和北方鹪鹩（Troglodytes aedon）产生的蜱感染率较高。候鸟和留鸟物种可能以各种方式在蜱传病原体的环境维持及其范围扩大中发挥重要作用，需要进一步评估这些病原体-媒介-宿主相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Willingness to pay for residential property-based and community-based tick control methods in Lyme disease-endemic areas of the Upper Midwest, United States 在美国上中西部莱姆病流行地区，居民愿意支付基于住宅物业和基于社区的蜱虫控制方法

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102531

Elizabeth K. Schiffman , Jenna Bjork , Daniel Phaneuf , Alyssa Beck , Erik Foster , Jean I. Tsao , Rebecca Osborn , Rebecca Eisen , Susan Paskewitz , Sarah A. Hook , Alison F. Hinckley

Ticks and tickborne diseases are of increasing concern in the United States, and the burden is high in certain focal areas. While the acceptability of various tick control and disease prevention methods has been studied, the public’s willingness to pay for environmental interventions at the individual or community level is less well described. Using data collected as part of a larger survey, we performed an additional analysis of residents of Lyme disease-endemic counties of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin to assess their willingness to support and pay annually for various methods of property-based tick control and examined demographic characteristics that might influence willingness to pay. Seventy-nine percent of respondents were willing to perform some form of tick control on their property, with most preferring self-application. Landscaping and natural pesticide application were the most popular options, with people willing to pay an estimated $78 and $61 annually, respectively. High income, a high perceived prevalence of disease, and a high perceived likelihood of disease were all associated with a willingness to pay more. When asked about a community control option, 97 % of respondents indicated interest, with respondents being willing to pay $52/year for a community-based program regardless of household characteristics. These results suggest a moderate demand in the Upper Midwest for tick control efforts at both the individual property level and for local, publicly funded, community-based programs. These findings provide a starting point for assessing community characteristics, cost structure, environmental attributes, and efficacy needed to generate net benefits for community-based tick control programs.

蜱和蜱传疾病在美国日益受到关注，在某些重点地区负担很高。虽然对各种蜱虫控制和疾病预防方法的可接受性进行了研究，但公众在个人或社区一级为环境干预措施付费的意愿却没有得到很好的描述。使用作为更大调查的一部分收集的数据，我们对密歇根州、明尼苏达州和威斯康星州莱姆病流行县的居民进行了额外的分析，以评估他们支持和每年支付各种基于财产的蜱虫控制方法的意愿，并检查可能影响支付意愿的人口统计学特征。79%的受访者愿意对他们的财产进行某种形式的蜱虫控制，大多数人更喜欢自我应用。园林绿化和天然农药是最受欢迎的选择，人们愿意每年分别支付78美元和61美元。高收入、高疾病流行率和高患病可能性都与支付更多费用的意愿相关。当被问及社区控制选项时，97%的受访者表示有兴趣，无论家庭特征如何，受访者都愿意每年支付52美元用于社区控制方案。这些结果表明，在中西部上游地区，无论是在个人财产层面，还是在地方、公共资助的、以社区为基础的项目上，蜱虫控制工作的需求都是适度的。这些发现为评估社区特征、成本结构、环境属性和为社区蜱虫控制项目产生净效益所需的有效性提供了一个起点。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution and clustering of medically important tick species in Illinois: Implications for tick-borne disease risk 伊利诺伊州医学上重要蜱类的空间分布和聚集：对蜱传疾病风险的影响

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102533

Abrar Hussain , Csaba Varga , Brian F. Allan , Nohra Mateus-Pinilla , Rebecca L. Smith

The geographic range of medically significant tick species has expanded across the United States, with Illinois experiencing increased tick populations and incidence of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in recent decades. This study investigated the spatial distribution of three tick species: Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick) in Illinois, using data collected through active surveillance from 2018 to 2022. A total of 476 records of 1414 ticks were analyzed. Spatial analytical techniques, including species distribution mapping, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation, Hot Spot (Getis-Ord Gi*), and Cluster and Outlier (Anselin Local Moran’s I) analyses, were applied to identify distribution patterns and statistically significant local clusters. The species distribution mapping results revealed distinct geographic patterns: A. americanum was most prevalent in southern, D. variabilis in central and southern, and I. scapularis in central and northeastern Illinois regions, respectively. With agreement between Hot Spot and Cluster-outlier analysis, counties with significantly high tick prevalence were identified, including 10 counties for A. americanum in southern Illinois, four counties for D. variabilis in central and southern Illinois, and seven counties for I. scapularis in central and northeastern Illinois. The study results correspond with incidence of TBDs reported to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), including ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, and anaplasmosis. These findings provide insights into the geographic variability of tick distributions, emphasizing the importance of targeted public health strategies and tick control efforts to mitigate the burden of TBDs in Illinois.

在美国，具有重要医学意义的蜱虫物种的地理范围已经扩大，近几十年来，伊利诺伊州的蜱虫种群和蜱媒疾病（tbd）的发病率都在增加。本研究利用2018年至2022年通过主动监测收集的数据，调查了伊利诺伊州三种蜱的空间分布：Amblyomma americanum（孤星蜱），Dermacentor variabilis（美国狗蜱）和Ixodes scapularis（黑腿蜱）。共分析了1414只蜱的476条记录。利用物种分布图、IDW插值、热点分析（Getis-Ord Gi*）和聚类与离群分析（Anselin Local Moran’s I）等空间分析技术，对物种分布格局和具有统计学意义的局部聚类进行了识别。物种分布图显示出明显的地理分布格局：美洲蠓分布于伊利诺伊州南部，变异蠓分布于伊利诺伊州中部和南部，肩胛骨蠓分布于伊利诺伊州中部和东北部。热点分析与聚类异常值分析结果一致，确定了蜱虫流行率较高的县，其中南部有10个县为美洲伊蚊，中部和南部有4个县为变异伊蚊，中部和东北部有7个县为肩背伊蚊。研究结果与伊利诺斯州公共卫生部（IDPH）报告的tds发病率一致，包括埃利希体病、落基山斑疹热、莱姆病和无形体病。这些发现为蜱分布的地理变异性提供了见解，强调了有针对性的公共卫生战略和蜱控制工作对减轻伊利诺伊州tbd负担的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Association between tick-bite history and safety of gelatin-containing vaccines: Analysis of a large database of the United States 蜱叮咬史与含明胶疫苗安全性之间的关系：对美国大型数据库的分析。

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102532

Chia-Yu Chiu , Andrés F Henao-Martínez , Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita

Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an allergic reaction caused by sensitization to alpha-gal, a sugar molecule in gelatin-containing vaccines. Tick bites can induce alpha-gal IgE sensitization, as ticks inject alpha-gal through their saliva. However, there is no real-world data on the anaphylaxis rates associated with gelatin-containing vaccines in patients with tick bite history. We utilized TriNetX, a research network database, to analyze data in November 2024. The history of tick bites (i.e., the presence of a tick-bite history) was categorized into three groups: ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and bites from nonvenomous arthropods. Vaccines were classified into two categories: (1) gelatin-containing vaccines (live intranasal influenza [FluMist], varicella, measles/mumps/rubella [MMR], oral typhoid, rabies [RabAvert], and yellow fever vaccines [YF-VAX]) and (2) gelatin-free vaccines. Anaphylactic episodes were identified in patients with a history of tick bites who developed anaphylaxis within one day following vaccination. The anaphylaxis rates after receiving gelatin-containing vaccines were 0.06 %, 0.7 %, and 0.2 % in patients with ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and nonvenomous arthropod bites, respectively. In contrast, the anaphylaxis rates after receiving gelatin-free vaccines were 0.04 %, 0.0 %, and 0.1 % in patients with ehrlichiosis, tularemia, and nonvenomous arthropod bites, respectively. Among the gelatin-containing vaccines, live intranasal influenza and varicella vaccines posed a higher rate of anaphylaxis compared to other gelatin-containing vaccines. While tick bites are associated with AGS, a history of tick bites is not a contraindication for most gelatin-containing vaccines, including MMR, oral typhoid, rabies, and yellow fever vaccines. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the safety of intranasal influenza and varicella vaccines in this population.

α -半乳糖综合征（AGS）是对含明胶疫苗中的糖分子α -半乳糖致敏引起的过敏反应。蜱虫叮咬可以诱导α -半乳糖IgE致敏，因为蜱虫通过唾液注入α -半乳糖。然而，在有蜱虫叮咬史的患者中，没有关于含明胶疫苗的过敏反应率的真实数据。我们利用研究网络数据库TriNetX分析了2024年11月的数据。蜱叮咬史（即存在蜱叮咬史）分为三组：埃立体病、土拉菌病和无毒节肢动物叮咬。疫苗分为两类：(1)含明胶疫苗（鼻内活流感疫苗[fluumist]、水痘、麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹疫苗[MMR]、口服伤寒、狂犬病疫苗[RabAvert]和黄热病疫苗[YF-VAX]）和(2)无明胶疫苗。有蜱虫叮咬史的患者在接种疫苗后一天内出现过敏反应。埃立克体病、兔吸虫病和无毒节肢动物咬伤患者接种含明胶疫苗后的过敏反应率分别为0.06%、0.7%和0.2%。相比之下，接受无明胶疫苗后的过敏反应率在埃利希体病、土拉菌病和无毒节肢动物咬伤患者中分别为0.04%、0.0%和0.1%。在含明胶疫苗中，与其他含明胶疫苗相比，鼻内流感和水痘活疫苗具有更高的过敏反应率。虽然蜱叮咬与AGS有关，但蜱叮咬史并不是大多数含明胶疫苗的禁忌症，包括MMR、口服伤寒、狂犬病和黄热病疫苗。需要进一步的调查来评估鼻内流感和水痘疫苗在这一人群中的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

An update on Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. prevalence and hazard in ticks at recreational areas in England and Wales between 2021 and 2023 2021年至2023年期间英格兰和威尔士休闲区蜱虫中的伯氏疏螺旋体流行率和危害的最新情况

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102523

Sara L. Gandy , Faye Brown , Jonathan Yardley , Nicola Jones , Anthony Abbott , Sarah Biddlecombe , Colin Johnston , Kayleigh Hansford , Andrew Nelson , Christopher Williams , Jolyon M. Medlock

Estimating tick-borne disease hazard in highly visited natural landscapes is essential for assessing public health risks. Lyme disease, caused by bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex and transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus in Europe, is the most prevalent vector-borne disease. This study aimed to measure Lyme disease hazard across a range of recreational areas, building on previous research. From 2021 to 2023, 84 sites within 36 recreational areas across England and Wales were sampled. The density of questing I. ricinus nymphs was significantly higher in woodlands than in grasslands and significantly increased in the presence of deer. Tick density was significantly higher in the north and south of England compared to central England. The overall prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in I. ricinus nymphs was 5.8 % [95 % CI: 5.1-6.6 %] (228/3914), with site-level prevalences ranging from 0 % to 30.4 %. The dominant genospecies was B. garinii (39 % of positive samples), followed by B. valaisiana (21.9 %), B. afzelii (15.4 %) and B. burgdorferi s.s. (3.1 %), which sets England and Wales apart from other European countries where B. afzelii typically dominates. The density of nymphs infected with B. burgdorferi s.l., which represents Lyme disease hazard, was significantly higher in the north and south of England compared to central England and Wales. Notably, the highest densities of infected nymphs were identified in Kielder Forest, Yorkshire Dales, Exmoor, Blackdown Hills and South Devon. We did not find any significant association between the density of infected nymphs and the presence of deer at the survey location.

在游客较多的自然景观中估计蜱传疾病危害对于评估公共卫生风险至关重要。莱姆病由伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi）复合菌引起，由欧洲的蓖麻蜱（Ixodes ricinus）传播，是最普遍的媒介传播疾病。这项研究旨在测量莱姆病在一系列娱乐场所的危害，以先前的研究为基础。从2021年到2023年，对英格兰和威尔士36个休闲区的84个地点进行了采样。在林地中，猎取蓖麻螨若虫的密度显著高于草地；在有鹿的情况下，猎取蓖麻螨若虫的密度显著增加。与英格兰中部相比，英格兰北部和南部的蜱虫密度明显更高。布氏疏螺旋体在蓖麻螨蛹中的总体流行率为5.8% [95% CI: 5.1 ~ 6.6%](228/3914)，站点水平的流行率为0% ~ 30.4%。显性基因种是b garinii阳性样品(39%),紧随其后的是b valaisiana (21.9%), b . afzelii(15.4%)和b burgdorferi砂岩(3.1%),使英格兰和威尔士有别于其他欧洲国家b afzelii通常占主导地位。感染代表莱姆病危险的伯氏疏螺旋体的若虫密度在英格兰北部和南部明显高于英格兰中部和威尔士。值得注意的是，受感染的若虫密度最高的地区是基尔德森林、约克郡山谷、埃克斯穆尔、布莱克当山和南德文郡。在调查地点，我们没有发现感染若虫的密度与鹿的存在之间有任何显著的关联。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of reverse line blot hybridization and IDEXX SNAP 4Dx® test in detecting canine anaplasmosis/ehrlichiosis in Trinidad 逆行杂交与IDEXX SNAP 4Dx®检测特立尼达犬无形体病/埃利希体病的比较

IF 3.1 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102517

Ansarah Hosein , Candice Sant , Indira Pargass , Gowrie Lalla , Fatima Mohammed , Karla Georges

Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys are known to be among the most common tick-borne hemopathogens of dogs in Trinidad that are transmitted by ixodid ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato species complex. These pathogens are commonly diagnosed in Trinidad based on clinical signs, laboratory tests and response to treatment. However, as these hemopathogens are often not observed on microscopic examination of blood smears, alternative methods to provide a definitive diagnosis are warranted. The IDEXX SNAP 4Dx® test is used frequently by veterinarians in Trinidad to determine exposure status and inform decisions on whether a canine patient should be treated. This study investigated the use of the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx® test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by a reverse line blot hybridization (RLB) assay on samples obtained from 231 dogs in order to determine if there was an acceptable level of agreement between the two tests. The study showed poor agreement between the IDEXX SNAP 4Dx® test and RLB.

众所周知，犬埃利希体和鸭无原体是特立尼达最常见的蜱传犬血病原体，它们是由吸血鼻头蜱的蜱虫物种复合体传播的。在特立尼达，通常根据临床症状、实验室检查和对治疗的反应来诊断这些病原体。然而，由于这些病原体在血液涂片的显微镜检查中往往没有观察到，因此有必要采用其他方法来提供明确的诊断。特立尼达的兽医经常使用IDEXX SNAP 4Dx®测试来确定犬类患者的暴露状况，并决定是否应该对其进行治疗。本研究对从231只狗身上获得的样本进行了IDEXX SNAP 4Dx®检测和聚合酶链反应（PCR）以及反向行杂交（RLB）检测，以确定这两种检测之间是否存在可接受的一致性水平。该研究显示IDEXX SNAP 4Dx®测试与RLB之间的一致性较差。

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引用次数: 0