Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases最新文献_第6页

Gagosa Mountain virus, a novel arbovirus identified in Ornithodoros lahorensis ticks from the Shigatse region of the Tibetan Plateau

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102571

Yingxin Tu , Can Wang , Wenbing Zhu , Tajie Danba , Shuo Feng , Meixi Ren , Guoyu Niu , Yujing Zhu

Ticks are the second most important vectors of human diseases after mosquitoes. Hard ticks are more abundant and widespread than soft ticks, resulting in their greater involvement in diverse diseases. Consequently, most research on tick-borne pathogens has focused on hard ticks. In contrast, soft ticks, which comprise fewer species, have received less research attention. In this study, we identified a novel single-stranded RNA virus (tentatively named Gagosa Mountain virus) in Ornithodoros lahorensis ticks from the Shigatse region of Tibet. We collected 80 engorged soft ticks from Tibetan sheep, placing each in a separate tube for pathogen analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and nested PCR techniques were employed to confirm the presence of Gagosa Mountain virus, and subsequent analyses focused on elucidating its genomic features and phylogenetic relationships. Our results demonstrated that Gagosa Mountain virus was present in 15 out of 80 ticks, corresponding to a positivity rate of 19%. The 13,133-nucleotide single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome contained six open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the N protein, RdRp, and four hypothetical proteins. Pairwise distance analysis showed high nucleotide sequence identity among the viral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Gagosa Mountain virus is most closely related to Lhasa Rhabd tick virus 1, which is an unclassified member of the family Rhabdoviridae. Further analyses demonstrated that Gagosa Mountain virus represents a novel member of the genus Betanemrhavirus within the family Rhabdoviridae.

蜱虫是仅次于蚊子的第二大人类疾病传播媒介。硬蜱比软蜱更丰富和广泛，导致它们更多地参与各种疾病。因此，大多数关于蜱传病原体的研究都集中在硬蜱上。相比之下，种类较少的软蜱受到的研究关注较少。采用实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）和巢式PCR技术证实了Gagosa Mountain病毒的存在，随后的分析重点是阐明其基因组特征和系统发育关系。结果表明，80只蜱中有15只存在加戈萨山病毒，阳性率为19%。13133个核苷酸的单链负义RNA基因组包含6个开放阅读框（orf），编码N蛋白、RdRp和4个假设蛋白。两两距离分析显示病毒序列具有较高的核苷酸序列一致性。系统发育分析表明，该病毒与拉萨蜱病毒1型亲缘关系最密切，为弹状病毒科未分类成员。进一步分析表明，Gagosa Mountain病毒是横纹病病毒科Betanemrhavirus属的一个新成员。

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引用次数: 0

From import to establishment? Experimental evidence for seasonal outdoor survival of two Rhipicephalus species in Germany 从进口到建立？德国两种鼻头蝇季节性室外生存的实验证据

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102560

K. Fachet-Lehmann, A. Lindau, U. Mackenstedt

The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.), though not endemic in Germany, is regularly introduced via travelers with dogs and imported rescue dogs. Due to its relevance in veterinary and human medicine, its potential to establish in Germany’s climate is of interest. Although previous studies confirm indoor survival and reproduction of R. sanguineus s.s. in Germany, climate change and milder winters may also allow outdoor survival. This study assessed the survival of R. sanguineus s.s. and R. innaei from February 2023 to May 2024 using laboratory-bred ticks placed at indoor and outdoor sites. Tick survival (adults, nymphs, larvae) was monitored weekly, along with temperature and humidity. Reproductive success was evaluated via oviposition and larval hatching.

R. sanguineus s.s. adults survived up to 44 weeks, nymphs up to 20 weeks, and larvae up to 5 weeks. R. innaei showed shorter survival (37, 10, and 4 weeks, respectively). Successful oviposition and larval hatching occurred outdoors between May´23 and September´23 for both species. However, winter survival was not observed; all ticks died following sub-zero temperatures in December´23.

Despite the inability to overwinter outdoors, both species can survive for extended periods in spring and summer and may enter homes via dogs, where conditions favor year-round survival. Their ability to transition indoors via dogs, where conditions favor year-round survival, suggests a potential for establishment in Germany through combined indoor and seasonal outdoor persistence.

棕色狗蜱（嗜血根头蜱s.l）虽然在德国不是地方病，但经常通过带狗和进口救援犬的旅行者传播。由于其与兽医和人类医学的相关性，其在德国气候下建立的潜力令人感兴趣。虽然先前的研究证实了德国血鼠的室内生存和繁殖，但气候变化和温和的冬季也可能允许室外生存。本研究于2023年2月至2024年5月在室内和室外场所分别放置实验室培养的蜱，评估了血蜱和银蜱的存活情况。每周监测蜱存活情况（成虫、若虫、幼虫），同时监测温度和湿度。通过产卵和幼虫孵化来评价繁殖成功率。成虫可存活44周，若虫可存活20周，幼虫可存活5周。成活率较短，分别为37周、10周和4周。在5月23日至9月23日期间，这两个物种都在室外成功产卵和幼虫孵化。然而，没有观察到冬季存活率；所有蜱虫都在2013年12月气温降至零度以下后死亡。尽管不能在户外过冬，但这两个物种都可以在春夏两季存活很长一段时间，并可能通过狗进入家庭，那里的环境有利于全年生存。他们通过狗过渡到室内的能力，那里的条件有利于全年生存，这表明通过室内和季节性室外持久性结合在德国建立的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi and Neoehrlichia mikurensis in a cohort of tick-exposed individuals and population controls in Denmark 2002–2021 2002-2021年丹麦接触蜱虫人群中宫本氏疏螺旋体和米库新立克体的流行情况和人口控制

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102557

Helene Mens , Rosa Gynthersen , Nanna Skaarup Andersen , Mathilde Ørbæk , Fredrikke C. Knudtzen , Sanne Løkkegaard Larsen , Sigurdur Skarphedinsson , Olga A. Stukolova , Dieuwertje Hoornstra , Joppe W. Hovius , Anne-Mette Lebech

Borrelia miyamotoi and Neoehrlichia mikurensis are recently discovered tick-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent of transmission among high-risk groups and healthy controls.

The study design is retrospective cohort study. Blood from a total of 1180 individuals, collected between 2002–2021: (i) 180 tick-exposed individuals, (ii) 400 immunocompromised individuals and (iii) 600 blood donors was included. Infection was examined by a protein array (B. miyamotoi) and PCR.

Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA was detected in only one individual with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) with symptoms compatible with both infections. Borrelia miyamotoi seroprevalence (being either IgM or IgG positive) among tick-exposed individuals (8.3 %, 95%CI 5.1–13.3) was significantly higher compared to healthy blood donors (1.5 %, 95 % CI 0.8–2.8) and immunocompromised individuals (3.3 %, 95 %CI 1.9–5.5), p < 0.0001. Altogether, 37 of 1180 individuals (3.1 %, 95 %CI 2.2–4.3) were found to be B. miyamotoi seropositive.

Neoehrlichiosis and Borrelia miyamotoi disease should be considered in patients with febrile illness and relevant exposure and in non-characteristic presentations of Lyme borreliosis in Denmark.

宫本疏螺旋体和mikurenneehrichia是最近发现的蜱传病原体。本研究的目的是确定高危人群和健康对照组之间的传播程度。研究设计为回顾性队列研究。从2002-2021年期间收集的总共1180人的血液包括：(i) 180名蜱虫暴露者，（ii） 400名免疫功能低下者和（iii） 600名献血者。用宫氏杆菌（B. miyamotoi）和PCR检测感染情况。仅在一例莱姆病神经疏螺旋体（LNB）患者中检测到mikurensis DNA，其症状与两种感染相一致。与健康献血者（1.5%,95%CI 0.8-2.8）和免疫功能不全者（3.3%,95%CI 1.9-5.5）相比，接触蜱虫的个体（8.3%，IgM或IgG阳性）的宫氏疏螺旋体血清阳性率（p < 0.0001）显著高于健康献血者（8.3%,95%CI 5.1-13.3）。1180例患者中37例（3.1%,95% CI 2.2 ~ 4.3）血清阳性。在丹麦，在有发热性疾病和相关暴露的患者以及莱姆病的非特征性表现的患者中，应考虑新立毛体病和宫本氏疏螺旋体病。

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引用次数: 0

Tickborne microorganisms in Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Bitterroot Mountains of Western Montana 蒙大拿州西部苦根山安德氏革螨蜱传微生物（蜱螨目：伊蚊科）。

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102555

K.L. Clark , J. Villegas Nunez , C. Gentry , A. Gibson , H. Husein , R. Burstein , K. Hamm

The Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, is the most common human biting tick in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA. Although Rickettsia spp. and Colorado tick fever virus have been studied in D. andersoni in certain areas of their distribution, investigations of most other tickborne pathogens are lacking. Despite the history of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Bitterroot Mountains of western Montana, no comprehensive surveys of large numbers of ticks for Rickettsia spp. have been conducted there for >40 years. For the present study, host-seeking adult D. andersoni were collected at multiple sites in canyons on the west side of the Bitterroot Valley in western Montana in spring 2021. Following DNA extraction, ticks were screened by polymerase chain reaction assays for several tick-borne microorganisms. DNA sequence data analysis was conducted to confirm identity and conduct phylogenetic comparisons with reference strain sequences of different organisms. No ticks were found to contain Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., or Ehrlichia spp. DNA, and a Babesia sp. was detected in only one tick. However, Bartonella spp. DNA was detected in 2 % of tested ticks. Additionally, five species of Rickettsia, including R. peacockii, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. montanensis, and R. rickettsii, were identified in ticks from different sites. The most prevalent Rickettsia species was R. peacockii and the least common was R. rickettsii (found in only two ticks). The relevance of these findings is discussed in relation to historical and contemporary data on Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp.

落基山木蜱（Dermacentor andersoni Stiles）是美国落基山地区最常见的咬人蜱。虽然立克次体和科罗拉多蜱热病毒已经在安德氏蜱分布的某些地区进行了研究，但对大多数其他蜱传病原体的调查缺乏。尽管在蒙大拿州西部的比特根山脉有落基山斑疹热的历史，但在那里没有进行过近40年的立克次体蜱虫的大量全面调查。在本研究中，研究人员于2021年春季在蒙大拿州西部比特鲁特山谷西侧峡谷的多个地点收集了寻找寄主的成年安德森线虫。DNA提取后，采用聚合酶链反应法筛选蜱传微生物。通过DNA序列数据分析，确认不同生物的同源性，并与参考菌株序列进行系统发育比较。未发现蜱含有无原体、伯氏疏螺旋体或埃利希氏体DNA，仅在一只蜱中检测到巴贝斯虫。然而，在2%的蜱中检测到巴尔通体的DNA。此外，在不同地点的蜱中还检出了5种立克次体，包括peacockir、bellii r、rhipicephali r、montanensis r和立克次体。最常见的立克次体种是孔雀立克次体，最不常见的是立克次体（仅在2种蜱中发现）。这些发现的相关性与巴尔通体和立克次体的历史和当代数据进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

First molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in bovine colostrum 牛初乳中边缘无形体、牛巴贝斯虫和嗜血支原体的首次分子检测

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102553

Mayara Campos Lombardi , Nicolas Colácio , Camila de Valgas e Bastos , Sandra Gesteira Coelho , Tiago Facury Moreira , Rodrigo Melo Meneses , Antônio Último de Carvalho , Elias Jorge Facury-Filho , Júlia Angélica Gonçalves Silveira

Bovine colostrum (BC) is widely recognized for its fundamental role in the nutrition and protection of newborn calves. However, it may also contain pathogens, and research is still limited to a few agents. This study aimed to assess the presence of Anaplasma marginale (msp4), Babesia bovis (cytb), B. bigemina (cytb), and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) (16S rRNA or gapN) in BC and blood by molecular investigation. Aseptically collected blood (5 mL) and colostrum (40 mL) were obtained once from 104 Holstein cows from a commercial dairy herd in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, within the first 24 hours after parturition. Blood analyses by PCR revealed the frequencies of 95.19% (99/104) for A. marginale, 62.5% (65/104) for B. bigemina, 52.88% (55/104) for B. bovis, and 74.85% (82/104) for hemoplasmas. The most prevalent blood co-infection was A. marginale plus hemoplasmas. The investigation in BC by PCR showed that the agents were present in 22.12% of the samples, with frequencies of 12.12% (12/99) for A. marginale, 10.91% (6/55) for B. bovis, and 6.1% (5/82) for hemoplasmas. No co-infection was identified. These findings highlight the relevance of management for control of the hemopathogens, and demonstrate the need for further investigation into the viability of the microorganisms and their epidemiological role, once the vertical transmission is an important route for some pathogens.

牛初乳（BC）在新生牛犊的营养和保护中发挥着重要作用。然而，它也可能含有病原体，研究仍然局限于少数几种病原体。本研究旨在通过分子研究评估BC和血液中是否存在边缘性无形体（msp4）、牛巴贝斯虫（cytb）、双胞杆菌（cytb）和嗜血性支原体（plasma）（16S rRNA或gapN）。在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州南部一个商业奶牛场的104头荷斯坦奶牛分娩后24小时内，一次性无菌采集血液（5 mL）和初乳（40 mL）。PCR检测结果显示，边缘弧菌、双头弧菌、牛弧菌和血浆的检出率分别为95.19%（99/104）、62.5%（65/104）、52.88%（55/104）和74.85%（82/104）。血液共感染以边缘弧菌加血浆最为常见。用PCR法对BC标本进行调查，发现22.12%的标本中存在上述病原体，其中边缘弧菌12.12%(12/99)，牛弧菌10.91%(6/55)，血浆6.1%（5/82）。未发现合并感染。这些发现突出了血液病原体控制管理的相关性，并表明，一旦垂直传播成为某些病原体的重要途径，就需要进一步调查微生物的生存能力及其流行病学作用。

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引用次数: 0

Infection caused by a parasite most closely related to Hepatozoon luiperdjie in cats from Hungary 匈牙利猫中由一种与吕佩杰肝虫最密切相关的寄生虫引起的感染

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102556

Gergő Kürtös , Nóra Rácz , Viktória Kassay , Krisztián Olaszy , Zsuzsanna Vizi , Anna Szilasi , Nóra Takács , Gergő Keve , Barbara Tuska-Szalay , Sándor Hornok

Feline hepatozoonosis, due to Hepatozoon felis, has been recently reported in wild cats from Central Europe. At the same time, only two isolated cases were reported in domestic cats, one in Austria, and another in Hungary. In the southern part of Central Europe, Hungary, three cats were presented at two small animal clinics in the course of 1.5 months, their most important clinical findings included anaemia (for all three cats), malignant neoplasia (case #1), chyloabdomen, splenomegaly and hepatic nodules (case #2), and dyspnoea (case #3). Hepatozoon gamonts measuring 12.3 × 6 μm were present in 0.1–0.3 % of the neutrophilic granulocytes. A nearly 1700 bp-long-part of the 18S rRNA gene of this species showed only 98.3 % and 97.7 % sequence identities with H. felis and H. silvestris, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of this long part of the 18S rRNA gene, this protozoon clustered separately, with moderately high (87 %) support, from H. felis and was a sister species to H. silvestris. In a shorter part of the 18S rRNA gene, the Hepatozoon species in this study had 99.6 % sequence identity to Hepatozoon luiperdjie, and they clustered together phylogenetically, although with low (56 %) support. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, the protozoan parasite emerging among domestic cats in the southern part of Central Europe is a species most closely related to H. luiperdjie. The emergence of this protozoan parasite in the region warrants monitoring among domestic cats in other countries of Central Europe.

猫肝人畜共患病是由猫肝人畜共患病引起的，最近在中欧的野猫中有报道。同时，在家猫中只报告了两例孤立病例，一例在奥地利，另一例在匈牙利。在匈牙利中欧南部，三只猫在1.5个月的时间里被送到两个小动物诊所，它们最重要的临床表现包括贫血（所有三只猫）、恶性肿瘤（病例1）、乳糜腹、脾肿大和肝结节（病例2）以及呼吸困难（病例3）。0.1 ~ 0.3%的嗜中性粒细胞中存在12.3 × 6 μm大小的肝虫体。该物种18S rRNA基因近1700 bp的部分序列与felis H.和silvestris H.分别只有98.3%和97.7%的序列同源性。基于对18S rRNA基因长片段的系统发育分析，该原生动物与H. felis有较高的相似性（87%），是H. silvestris的姊妹种。在18S rRNA基因较短的部分，本研究的肝zoon物种与luiperdjie有99.6%的序列同源性，尽管支持度较低（56%），但它们在系统发育上聚集在一起。基于形态特征和系统发育关系，中欧南部家猫中出现的原生动物寄生虫是与吕佩杰亲缘关系最密切的一种。该地区出现的这种原生动物寄生虫值得在中欧其他国家的家猫中进行监测。

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引用次数: 0

Ferritin-mediated regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis promotes blood-feeding adaptation in the tick Haemaphysalis doenitzi 铁蛋白介导的肠道微生物群稳态调节促进蜱血蜱的吸血适应。

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102554

Zhihua Gao , Xiaofeng Xu , Yanqing Shi , Jiayi Zhang, Weijia Xing, Xinyu Zhang, Weikang Zhao, Ruya Cao, Xiaolong Yang

As obligate hematophagous parasites, ticks have evolved to cope with substantial amounts of iron and exogenous microorganisms present in host blood during feeding. In ticks, ferritin plays an important role in maintaining the oxidative balance of gut and the homeostasis of the microbial community structure, but its regulatory mechanism has not yet been clarified. This study successfully identified a ferritin gene from Haemaphysalis doenitzi, named Hd-fer, and further studied the function of Hd-fer. The results showed that rHd-fer had antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity. The expression of Hd-fer gene in the ovary and midgut was significantly higher than other organs, and the expression in adults was significantly higher than other stages. The Hd-fer gene knock-out significantly changed the abundance of the midgut microbial community, and the relative abundance decreased generally, while the relative abundance of Achromobacter increased. The knockout of Hd-fer gene also significantly changed the structural composition of the midgut microbial species, and pathogenic microorganisms showed a growing trend, producing their unique microbial genera, including Barnesiellaceae, Carnobacterium and Pediococcus. The RNA interference of Hd-fer led to prolonging the tick's blood sucking time and reducing engorged weight. The results of this study showed that Hd-fer may affect the stability of the midgut microbial community structure by regulating iron availability, which in turn plays an important role in the survival and reproduction of ticks. These findings provide novel insights into the role of ferritin in tick biology and highlight its potential as a target for controlling tick-borne diseases.

作为专性食血寄生虫，蜱虫已经进化到能够应对宿主血液中大量的铁和外源微生物。在蜱中，铁蛋白在维持肠道氧化平衡和微生物群落结构的稳态中起着重要作用，但其调控机制尚不清楚。本研究成功地从多尼茨血蜱中鉴定出一个铁蛋白基因，命名为Hd-fer，并进一步研究了Hd-fer的功能。结果表明，黄芪多糖具有抗氧化和抑菌活性。Hd-fer基因在卵巢和中肠的表达量显著高于其他脏器，在成虫中的表达量显著高于其他脏器。Hd-fer基因敲除显著改变了中肠微生物群落的丰度，其相对丰度普遍降低，而无色杆菌的相对丰度升高。Hd-fer基因的敲除也显著改变了中肠微生物种类的结构组成，致病微生物呈增长趋势，产生了其独特的微生物属，包括Barnesiellaceae、Carnobacterium和Pediococcus。Hd-fer的RNA干扰导致蜱虫吸血时间延长，充血体重减轻。本研究结果表明，Hd-fer可能通过调节铁的有效性来影响中肠微生物群落结构的稳定性，从而在蜱的生存和繁殖中发挥重要作用。这些发现为铁蛋白在蜱生物学中的作用提供了新的见解，并突出了它作为控制蜱传疾病的靶点的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity of equine piroplasmosis agents in Guadeloupe (Caribbeans): first report of Theileria haneyi, evaluation of diagnostic tools and impact of horse movement 瓜德罗普岛（加勒比地区）马螺形体病病原的遗传多样性：哈尼氏螺杆菌的首次报告、诊断工具的评估和马运动的影响

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102547

Mickaël Mège , Claire Bonsergent , Laetitia Viry , Mélanie Dhune , Sylvie Lecollinet , Laurence Malandrin

Equine piroplasmosis is a major tick-borne horse disease, caused by the intracellular development of piroplasms (Theileria equi sensu lato and Babesia caballi), with significant economic and sanitary consequences. In 2024, 203 blood samples were collected in Guadeloupe (Caribbean) from asymptomatic horses. Using an 18S rRNA nested PCR (nPCR) specific for each equine genus parasite, 79 samples tested positive for Theileria equi and 9 for Babesia caballi, resulting in respective prevalence of 38.9% and 4.4%. Three horses were co-infected. For B. caballi, 18S rRNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of the genotype A only. For T. equi, the genotypes A and C were evidenced as mono-infections A (16/79, 20.3% of the infected horses) or mono-infections C (15/79, 19.0% of the infected horses). Interestingly, mono-infections with T. equi genotype E (17/79, 21.5% of the infected horses) were also detected, but only on horses imported from Europe and especially from metropolitan France, where this genotype is dominant. Further characterization using published T. equi ema-1 and T. haneyi specific nPCRs revealed two major points. First, most 18S rRNA genotype C isolates (13/15) were detected using the T. haneyi specific nPCR. Second, the genotype E of T. equi could not be detected by any of these two nPCRs. Co-infection occurrence and types were then evaluated using a combination of the three analyses: 18S rRNA sequencing, T. haneyi specific nPCR and T. equi ema-1 nPCR. Horses co-infected with the genotypes A and C (T. haneyi) represented the main population (32/79, 40.5% of the infected horses), while the co-infections AE (5/79, 6.3% of the horses) and CE (2/79, 2.5% of the horses) were rare. One horse was detected with a triple infection ACE. Taking into account all detected genotypes (120), 45.0% of the isolates belonged to the genotype A (54/120), 38.3% to the genotype C T. haneyi (46/120) and 16.7% to the Eurasian genotype E (20/120). The rarity of co-infections with the genotype E and the absence of this genotype on locally born horses suggest the absence of transmission of the genotype E by locally present vector ticks.

This work represents the first molecular record of Theileria haneyi in South and Central America and in the Caribbeans. We also demonstrate the introduction of T. equi genotype E from Europe with infected horses but not its installation, as well as a diagnostic issue to detect this genotype using PCR targeting ema-1 gene.

马螺浆虫病是一种主要的蜱传马疾病，由螺浆虫（马感螺杆菌和巴贝斯虫）的细胞内发育引起，具有重大的经济和卫生后果。2024年，在瓜德罗普岛（加勒比）从无症状马身上采集了203份血液样本。采用针对马属寄生虫的18S rRNA巢式PCR （nPCR）检测，马伊勒菌阳性79份，卡巴贝斯虫阳性9份，阳性率分别为38.9%和4.4%。三匹马同时感染。对caballi的18S rRNA序列分析显示，caballi只存在A基因型。马弓形虫基因型A和C分别为单感染A（16/79, 20.3%）和单感染C（15/79, 19.0%）。有趣的是，马T. E基因型的单一感染（17/79,21.5%的感染马）也被检测到，但仅在从欧洲进口的马，特别是从法国大城市进口的马，这种基因型占主导地位。利用已发表的T. equi ma-1和T. haneyi特异性npcr进一步表征揭示了两个主要观点。首先，大多数18S rRNA基因型C分离株（13/15）采用哈尼伊t特异性nPCR检测。第二，这两种npcr均未检测到马氏弓形虫的E基因型。然后，利用18S rRNA测序、哈尼伊T.特异性nPCR和马T. -1 nPCR三种分析方法的组合来评估合并感染的发生和类型。同时感染基因型A和基因型C （T. haneyi）的马占主要群体（32/79,40.5%），而同时感染AE（5/79, 6.3%）和CE（2/79, 2.5%）的马较少。一匹马被检测出三重感染ACE。综合所有检测到的基因型（120株），45.0%为A基因型（54/120），38.3%为C T. haneyi基因型（46/120），16.7%为欧亚基因型E（20/120）。与E基因型合并感染的罕见性以及在当地出生的马身上不存在该基因型，表明E基因型没有通过当地存在的媒介蜱传播。这项工作代表了南、中美洲和加勒比地区的第一个哈尼氏菌分子记录。我们还演示了从欧洲引入马T.马基因型E，但没有安装，以及使用针对ema-1基因的PCR检测该基因型的诊断问题。

{"title":"Genetic diversity of equine piroplasmosis agents in Guadeloupe (Caribbeans): first report of Theileria haneyi, evaluation of diagnostic tools and impact of horse movement","authors":"Mickaël Mège , Claire Bonsergent , Laetitia Viry , Mélanie Dhune , Sylvie Lecollinet , Laurence Malandrin","doi":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine piroplasmosis is a major tick-borne horse disease, caused by the intracellular development of piroplasms (<em>Theileria equi</em> sensu lato and <em>Babesia caballi</em>), with significant economic and sanitary consequences. In 2024, 203 blood samples were collected in Guadeloupe (Caribbean) from asymptomatic horses. Using an 18S rRNA nested PCR (nPCR) specific for each equine genus parasite, 79 samples tested positive for <em>Theileria equi</em> and 9 for <em>Babesia caballi</em>, resulting in respective prevalence of 38.9% and 4.4%. Three horses were co-infected. For <em>B. caballi</em>, 18S rRNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of the genotype A only. For <em>T. equi,</em> the genotypes A and C were evidenced as mono-infections A (16/79, 20.3% of the infected horses) or mono-infections C (15/79, 19.0% of the infected horses). Interestingly, mono-infections with <em>T. equi</em> genotype E (17/79, 21.5% of the infected horses) were also detected, but only on horses imported from Europe and especially from metropolitan France, where this genotype is dominant. Further characterization using published <em>T. equi ema-1</em> and <em>T. haneyi</em> specific nPCRs revealed two major points. First, most 18S rRNA genotype C isolates (13/15) were detected using the <em>T. haneyi</em> specific nPCR. Second, the genotype E of <em>T. equi</em> could not be detected by any of these two nPCRs. Co-infection occurrence and types were then evaluated using a combination of the three analyses: 18S rRNA sequencing, <em>T. haneyi</em> specific nPCR and <em>T. equi ema-1</em> nPCR. Horses co-infected with the genotypes A and C (<em>T. haneyi</em>) represented the main population (32/79, 40.5% of the infected horses), while the co-infections AE (5/79, 6.3% of the horses) and CE (2/79, 2.5% of the horses) were rare. One horse was detected with a triple infection ACE. Taking into account all detected genotypes (120), 45.0% of the isolates belonged to the genotype A (54/120), 38.3% to the genotype C <em>T. haneyi</em> (46/120) and 16.7% to the Eurasian genotype E (20/120). The rarity of co-infections with the genotype E and the absence of this genotype on locally born horses suggest the absence of transmission of the genotype E by locally present vector ticks.</div><div>This work represents the first molecular record of <em>Theileria haneyi</em> in South and Central America and in the Caribbeans. We also demonstrate the introduction of <em>T. equi</em> genotype E from Europe with infected horses but not its installation, as well as a diagnostic issue to detect this genotype using PCR targeting <em>ema-1</em> gene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49320,"journal":{"name":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Various small mammal hosts are involved in the transmission cycle of zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Southeastern Canada 在加拿大东南部，各种小型哺乳动物宿主参与了人畜共患病嗜吞噬细胞无原体的传播周期

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102551

Raphaëlle Audet-Legault , Cécile Aenishaenslin , Geneviève Baron , Heather Coatsworth , Marion Desmarchelier , Vanessa Gabriele-Rivet , Patrick A․ Leighton , Jérôme Pelletier , Jean-Philippe Rocheleau , Catherine Bouchard

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne disease emerging in North America, caused by the zoonotic variant Ap-ha (human active) of the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. This research aimed to understand the reservoir competency of small mammals for Ap-ha in the province of Québec, Canada. To achieve this aim, wild small mammals were sampled from June to August in 2022 and 2023 and tested for Ap and its variants (Ap-ha, Ap-v1) using qPCR targeting the msp2 and 16S genes. In total, 547 small mammals from nine different taxa were live captured across two years. Nearly half (48.2 %) of small mammals carried at least one Ixodes scapularis tick larva and 29.3 % carried at least one I. scapularis nymph. The odds of Ap infection were three times higher in eastern chipmunks (OR = 2.98, p < 0.05) and five times lower in red squirrels (OR = 0.21, p < 0.01) when compared to Peromyscus spp. mice. When infected, Peromyscus mice and eastern chipmunks transmitted the infection on average to 6.8 % (CI95: 24.9–48.7) and 52.9 % (CI95: 16.7–89.1) of feeding larvae, respectively. An Ap variant could be identified in 90 % (109/121) of infected small mammals, all of which were the Ap-ha strain. In conclusion, eastern chipmunks and Peromyscus mice should be considered as reservoir hosts contributing to the transmission and emergence of anaplasmosis in Canada. This study also confirms the circulation of the Ap-ha variant within host and tick communities in Southeastern Canada.

人粒细胞无形体病（HGA）是一种在北美出现的蜱传疾病，由嗜吞噬细胞无形体菌的人畜共患变异Ap-ha（人活性）引起。本研究旨在了解加拿大曲海省Ap-ha小型哺乳动物的水库能力。为了实现这一目标，研究人员于2022年和2023年6月至8月取样了野生小型哺乳动物，并采用针对msp2和16S基因的qPCR检测了Ap及其变体（Ap-ha, Ap-v1）。在两年的时间里，总共捕获了来自9个不同分类群的547种小型哺乳动物。近一半（48.2%）的小兽类携带至少1只肩胛骨伊蚊幼虫，29.3%的小兽类携带至少1只肩胛骨伊蚊若虫。与Peromyscus sp .小鼠相比，东部花栗鼠感染Ap的几率是前者的3倍（OR = 2.98, p < 0.05），红松鼠感染Ap的几率是后者的5倍（OR = 0.21, p < 0.01）。经感染后，Peromyscus小鼠和东部花栗鼠的平均感染率分别为6.8% （CI95: 24.9 ~ 48.7）和52.9% （CI95: 16.7 ~ 89.1）。在90%（109/121）的感染小兽类中鉴定出Ap变异，均为Ap-ha株。综上所述，东部花栗鼠和Peromyscus小鼠应被认为是导致加拿大无形体病传播和出现的宿主。这项研究还证实了Ap-ha变异在加拿大东南部宿主和蜱虫群落中的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing disease surveillance in rhinoceroses: A multiplex real-time PCR assay for detecting Theileria bicornis and Babesia bicornis 推进犀牛疾病监测：双角勒氏菌和巴贝斯虫多重实时PCR检测

IF 3.4 2区医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2025.102552

Naledi P. Sekgobela , Ilse Vorster , Milana Troskie , Melvyn Quan , David E. Zimmerman , Ayesha Hassim , Luis Neves , Raksha V. Bhoora

Black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceroses in Southern Africa face multiple threats, including poaching, habitat loss, and translocation stress. Infections with Theileria bicornis (in both rhino species) and Babesia bicornis (confirmed only in black rhinos) add further health risks, with stressors such as translocation potentially increasing susceptibility. Effective management requires sensitive molecular diagnostic assays for accurate detection and surveillance. To address this, we developed a multiplex qPCR assay (MqTbBb) using species-specific TaqMan™ minor groove binder (MGB) probes for the simultaneous detection of T. bicornis and B. bicornis. The assay targets 18S rRNA gene regions, amplifying an 87 bp fragment for T. bicornis and a 51 bp fragment for B. bicornis, with efficiencies of 100 % and 98 %, respectively. Probit analysis determined a 95 % Limit of detection of 1.00 × 10⁻⁶ % and 6.27 × 10⁻⁶ % equivalent parasitized erythrocytes for T. bicornis and B. bicornis, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with other related protozoa tested. A total of 223 field samples from rhinos (101 black and 122 white) in Mpumalanga province were screened using both the MqTbBb and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization assays. The MqTbBb detected T. bicornis in 57 % of black and 99 % of white rhinos, with co-infections in 40 % of black rhinos. RLB detected T. bicornis in 96 % of black and 95 % of white rhinos, with a Babesia catch-all probe signal in 75 % and 32 %, respectively. B. bicornis was not detected by RLB and was never detected as a single infection by qPCR. These findings highlight high T. bicornis prevalence and rare B. bicornis infections (co-infections). The MqTbBb assay strengthens detection, surveillance, and conservation efforts.

非洲南部的黑犀牛（Diceros bicornis）和白犀牛（Ceratotherium simum）面临多种威胁，包括偷猎、栖息地丧失和迁移压力。双角梭菌（在两种犀牛中）和巴贝斯虫（仅在黑犀牛中得到证实）的感染进一步增加了健康风险，易位等压力因素可能会增加易感性。有效的管理需要灵敏的分子诊断分析来准确检测和监测。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种多重qPCR检测（MqTbBb），使用物种特异性TaqMan™次要凹槽结合物（MGB）探针同时检测双角锥虫和双角锥虫。该方法以18S rRNA基因区域为靶点，分别扩增了双角天牛的87 bp和51 bp片段，扩增效率分别为100%和98%。概率分析确定了双角锥虫和双角锥虫寄生红细胞的检出限分别为1.00 × 10⁻26 %和6.27 × 10⁻26 %。与所测其他相关原生动物无交叉反应。采用MqTbBb和RLB杂交技术对普马兰加省223份野外犀牛样本（101头黑犀牛和122头白犀牛）进行了筛选。MqTbBb在57%的黑犀牛和99%的白犀牛中检测到双角锥虫，在40%的黑犀牛中检测到双角锥虫。RLB在96%的黑犀牛和95%的白犀牛中检测到双角锥虫，巴贝斯虫捕获信号分别为75%和32%。RLB未检测到双角锥虫，qPCR未检测到单一感染。这些发现突出了双角锥虫的高患病率和罕见的双角锥虫感染（合并感染）。MqTbBb检测加强了检测、监测和保护工作。

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引用次数: 0