C. Cruz-Vázquez, Juan Carvajal-Márquez, R. Lezama-Gutiérrez, I. Vitela-Mendoza, C. Ángel-Sahagún
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Cruz Vazquez C, Carvajal Marquez J, Lezama Gutierrez R, Vitela Mendoza I, Angel Sahagun CA. Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae in the control of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans ( Diptera: Muscidae ), under natural infestation conditions. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.2.384 . The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 134 (Ma134), for dairy cattle naturally infested with Haematobia irritans (L.) An aqueous formulation of 1 x 10 8 conidia/ml was applied by aspersion on a group of eight cows every seven days for a total of four applications, while a control group was sprayed with the same solution without conidial content. The degree of horn fly infestation was estimated daily in both groups by the direct count of adult flies found resting or feeding on the animals, and Abbott’s formula was used to calculate the effectiveness of the formulation. The Ma134 formulation resulted in a 68.6 % reduction of the fly infestation during the study period, and a significant reduction was observed from the first week post-application ( p < 0.05). The results show that the Ma134 formulation is effective in reducing infestations of horn fly, H. irritans , on dairy cattle under natural conditions. Thus, the fungus, Ma134, can be considered a candidate for biological control for the integrated management of H. irritans . Figure 1. Infestation index of horn flies, Haematobia irritans , on cows treated with the aqueous formulation of Ma134
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R. Alegría-Morán, A. Lazo, S. Urcelay, C. Hamilton‐West
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Alegria Moran R, Lazo A, Urcelay S, Hamilton West C. Using spatial tools for high impact zoonotic agents’ surveillance design in backyard production systems from central Chile. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.435 Specific locations of backyard production systems (BPSs) in Chile remain unclear, creating dificulties for designing surveillance activities for promptly detecting zoonotic agents with high impacts on health, such as avian influenza and Salmonella spp. This study aims to prove the use of spatial tools for improving the surveillance of BPSs in central Chile. A stratified and proportional random sampling was performed in 15 provinces of the Valparaiso, Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins and Metropolitana regions. In this sampling, 329 BPSs were detected. In the first stage, 329 random sample points were allocated within the study area that searched for BPSs with poultry or swine breeding. Then, these random points were validated with remote sensing and in the field by searching for the presence of rural or semi-rural areas, nearby crops and houses or small towns within a 5 km radius around each point, while points allocated over hills or water sources (lakes or rivers) were discarded. Over 70 % of the sampling points were correctly allocated. In Los Andes, Cordillera and Chacabuco, less than 50 % of the points were allocated within feasible sampling areas. From the total BPSs sampled, 89 % met the 5 km radius criteria, and in the provinces of Valparaiso, Cordillera and Cachapoal, over 20 % of the sampling points were outside the radius criteria. This study is the first in Chile to explore the locations and sanitary statuses of BPSs. Given the lack of knowledge about the specific locations of BPSs, their identification during field activities represents a high cost for the surveillance of pathogens. We argue that using spatial tools in BPS surveillance design is an important support for healthcare management. Figure 1. Random sampling points by province assigned using ArcGIS® 10 and compatible zone detection by using free spatial tools. A. Study region with random sampling points. Study area and provinces: (1) Petorca; (2) Valparaiso, (3) Quillota; (4) San Felipe; (5) Los Andes; (6) San Antonio; (7) Melipilla; (8) Chacabuco; (9) Santiago; (10) Cordillera; (11) Talagante; (12) Maipo; (13) Cardenal Caro; (14) Cachapoal; (15) Colchagua. B. Random point (red pushpin) located in the Andes Mountains and 5 km searching area (yellow circle). C. Random point (red pushpin) and sampling candidate backyard farms (Yellow paddle) within less than 5 km.
引用本文为:Alegria Moran R, Lazo A, Urcelay S, Hamilton West C.利用空间工具对智利中部后院生产系统中高影响人畜共患病病原体的监测设计。墨西哥兽医局。2017; 4(1)。智利后院生产系统(bps)的具体位置仍然不清楚，这给设计监测活动以及时发现对健康有高影响的人畜共患病原体(如禽流感和沙门氏菌)带来了困难。本研究旨在证明空间工具的使用，以改善智利中部bps的监测。在瓦尔帕莱索省、解放者贝尔纳多·奥希金斯将军省和大都市区的15个省进行分层和比例随机抽样。在这次抽样中，检测到329个bps。在第一阶段，在研究区域内随机分配329个采样点，寻找与家禽或猪养殖有关的bps。然后，通过在每个点周围5公里半径内搜索农村或半农村地区、附近的作物和房屋或小城镇的存在，通过遥感和实地对这些随机点进行验证，而在山上或水源(湖泊或河流)上分配的点则被丢弃。超过70%的采样点被正确分配。在洛斯安第斯、科迪勒拉和查卡布科，不到50%的点被分配在可行的抽样区域内。在所有采样点中，89%的采样点符合5公里半径标准，而在瓦尔帕莱索、科迪勒拉和卡恰波尔省，超过20%的采样点在半径标准之外。这项研究是智利首次探索bps的位置和卫生状况。由于缺乏对bps具体地点的了解，在实地活动中对其进行鉴定对病原体监测来说成本很高。我们认为，在BPS监测设计中使用空间工具是医疗保健管理的重要支持。图1所示。随机抽样点按省分配使用ArcGIS®10和兼容的区域检测，使用自由的空间工具。A.随机采样点的研究区域。研究区域和省份:(1)佩托尔卡;(2)瓦尔帕莱索;(3)奎洛塔;(4)圣费利佩;(5)安第斯山脉;(6)圣安东尼奥;(7) Melipilla;(8) Chacabuco;(9)圣地亚哥;(10)山脉;(11) Talagante;(12) Maipo;(十三)胭脂红;(14) Cachapoal;(15)科尔查瓜。B.位于安第斯山脉的随机点(红色图钉)和5公里搜索区域(黄色圆圈)。C. 5公里以内的随机点(红色图钉)和抽样候选后院农场(黄色桨)。
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L. Ocampo-Camberos, G. Tapia, L. Gutiérrez, H. Sumano-López
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Ocampo Camberos L, Tapia G, Gutierrez L, Sumano Lopez HS. Effects of glycyrrhizic acid (Viusid-Vet® powder) on the reduction of influenza virus spread and on production parameters in pigs. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.373 Influenza viruses are among the most important respiratory pathogens in pigs and humans. They cause seasonal epidemics in pigs and occasional pandemics in humans. Herbal remedies have been regarded as suitable elements to aid in controlling influenza. This study was carried out to analyse the effects of the in-feed administration of glycyrrhizic acid, the best-known component of liquorice (as Viusid-Vet® powder), in pigs suffering an outbreak of influenza. Eighty crossbred Duroc-Landrace pigs, one day post-weaning (22 days old), were included in this trial. Piglets were randomly divided into the following two groups: those treated with glycyrrhizic acid and an untreated control group. Serological measurements to assess viral load and humoral responses were carried out. Blood samples from pigs were obtained every fortnight, starting on week two and ending on week 15. With these samples, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were performed, using A/swine/New Jersey/11/76 (H1N1) and A/swine/Minnesota/9088-2/98 (H3N2) as reference viruses. Quantitative RT-PCR tests against the M gene of the influenza virus were also performed to assess viral shedding from nasal swab samples on weeks 1 to 8 after the beginning of the trial. Weight variables were assessed weekly for 18 weeks. In the HI tests, treated animals showed fewer positive responses compared to the control group for H1N1 and H3N2. However, a positive response to viral protection, as assessed by HI tests, was regarded as not conclusive of humoral immune stimulation. qRT-PCR tests for viral spread exhibited a lower rate of excretion for the treated group compared to the untreated one. Hence, it appears that glycyrrhizic acid stimulates, to some extent, immune responses against pig influenza as measured by viral shedding. For mean body weight, the generalized estimating equations show a higher weight gain for pigs treated with glycyrrhizic acid than the control group (P = 0.0001). These effects may assist producers in addressing the aftermath of an influenza outbreak. Figure 1. Results of RT-PCR viral shedding test against the M gene. (Likelihood χ21,7 = 19.2 P = 0.0001).
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Elizabeth Castillo-Villanueva, Félix Sánchez-Godoy, Magdalena Escorcia
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Como citar este articulo: Castillo Villanueva E, Sanchez Godoy F, Escorcia M. Evaluacion de la presencia de receptores celulares al virus de Influenza Aviar en oviductos de aves sujetas a muda forzada usando inmunofluorescencia. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.416 . Durante el 2012, un brote de Influenza Aviar de Alta Patogenicidad ocasionado por el subtipo H7N3, en Mexico, infecto y ocasiono la muerte o el sacrificio de alrededor de 22 millones de aves ponedoras. Durante este periodo, el principal desafio de los avicultores fue asegurar el flujo de comercializacion del huevo. Ademas de los protocolos sanitarios y de vacunacion, se implementaron manejos de muda forzada en la zona afectada. Este manejo aseguro el mantenimiento de la produccion de huevo en zonas cuarentenadas, pues disminuyo la mortalidad de las parvadas infectadas y reestimulo el retorno a la produccion normal de huevo. Para entender como la muda forzada redujo la mortalidad de las aves infectadas, examinamos la distribucion del receptor del virus de Influenza Aviar en el oviducto de gallinas sujetas a muda forzada. Evaluamos si los cambios en el tracto reproductivo causado por la muda forzada disminuyen la expresion del receptor especifico en la membrana celular. La presencia de receptores especificos determina la susceptibilidad del hospedador al virus de Influenza. Utilizamos la tecnica de inmunofluorescencia con la lectina Maackia amurensis para identificar la presencia del receptor viral en cortes histologicos de oviductos de aves en produccion y en oviductos de aves con muda forzada. Los resultados mostraron la presencia y distribucion de los receptores a Influenza Aviar. Observamos una fuerte senal de los receptores en los cortes histologicos de los oviductos de aves en produccion. Por el contrario, la senal fue baja en los oviductos de aves sometidas a muda. Estos resultados demuestran una disminucion en el numero de receptores de aves sometidas a muda forzada. La falta de receptores afecta la infeccion y la replicacion del virus, asi como los danos inducidos por el virus en el oviducto, lo que podria ayudar a explicar la observacion en el campo de que las aves infectadas con Influenza Aviar y sometidas a muda forzada sobreviven mas que las aves a las que no se les somete a muda. Figura 2. A. Se observa abundante expresion del receptor del virus de IA, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana en las areas apicales de las celulas de la mucosa del epitelio de la region del utero de oviductos de gallinas sanas en produccion. Barra 100 µm. B. Receptores al virus de influenza (flechas), marcados por fluorescencia verde manzana, localizados en las celulas epiteliales de los ductos glandulares de la region de magnum del oviducto del grupo de aves sanas en produccion. Barra: 100 µm. C. Corte histologico de aves sanas sometidas a muda forzada. El receptor del virus de influenza, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana, s
本文引用:Castillo Villanueva E, Sanchez Godoy F, Escorcia M.用免疫荧光法强制脱毛的鸟类输卵管中禽流感病毒细胞受体的评估。兽医墨西哥OA。2017年;4(1)。他的父亲是一名律师，母亲是一名律师。2012年，墨西哥爆发了由H7N3亚型引起的高致病性禽流感，感染并导致约2200万只蛋鸡死亡或宰杀。在此期间，家禽养殖户面临的主要挑战是确保鸡蛋的销售流动。除了卫生和疫苗接种规程外，还在受影响地区实施了强制换苗管理。这种管理确保了隔离区鸡蛋生产的维持，因为它降低了受感染的小蛋鸡的死亡率，并刺激恢复正常的鸡蛋生产。为了了解强制换羽如何降低感染鸟类的死亡率，我们研究了强制换羽鸡输卵管中禽流感病毒受体的分布。我们评估了强迫脱毛引起的生殖道变化是否降低了细胞膜上特定受体的表达。特定受体的存在决定了宿主对流感病毒的易感性。我们利用Maackia amurensis凝集素的免疫荧光技术，在家禽输卵管的组织学切片和被迫换毛的家禽输卵管中鉴定病毒受体的存在。结果表明，禽流感受体的存在和分布。我们在家禽输卵管的组织学切片中观察到强烈的感受器信号。另一方面，换羽鸟类输卵管的信号较低。这些结果表明，强迫换毛的鸟类受体数量减少。缺乏受体感染和影响replicacion病毒,就是给我们受病毒在输卵管,可能有助于解释农村observacion野鸟感染禽流感和强迫脱落下来比鸟类他们不只是沉默了。图2。A.在生产健康鸡输卵管的子宫上皮粘膜细胞的顶端区域观察到大量IA病毒受体的表达，用苹果绿色荧光标记。100µm bar。B.流感病毒受体(箭头)，用苹果绿色荧光标记，位于健康禽类输卵管magnum区腺管上皮细胞。bar: 100µm。C.强制换羽健康鸟类的组织学切片。在粘膜上皮的顶端区域观察到用苹果绿色荧光标记的流感病毒受体;荧光强度较低，如图2A和2B所示。Barr: 100µm。
{"title":"Evaluación de la presencia de receptores celulares al virus de Influenza Aviar en oviductos de aves sujetas a muda forzada usando inmunofluorescencia","authors":"Elizabeth Castillo-Villanueva, Félix Sánchez-Godoy, Magdalena Escorcia","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Como citar este articulo: Castillo Villanueva E, Sanchez Godoy F, Escorcia M. Evaluacion de la presencia de receptores celulares al virus de Influenza Aviar en oviductos de aves sujetas a muda forzada usando inmunofluorescencia. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2017;4(1). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.4.1.416 . Durante el 2012, un brote de Influenza Aviar de Alta Patogenicidad ocasionado por el subtipo H7N3, en Mexico, infecto y ocasiono la muerte o el sacrificio de alrededor de 22 millones de aves ponedoras. Durante este periodo, el principal desafio de los avicultores fue asegurar el flujo de comercializacion del huevo. Ademas de los protocolos sanitarios y de vacunacion, se implementaron manejos de muda forzada en la zona afectada. Este manejo aseguro el mantenimiento de la produccion de huevo en zonas cuarentenadas, pues disminuyo la mortalidad de las parvadas infectadas y reestimulo el retorno a la produccion normal de huevo. Para entender como la muda forzada redujo la mortalidad de las aves infectadas, examinamos la distribucion del receptor del virus de Influenza Aviar en el oviducto de gallinas sujetas a muda forzada. Evaluamos si los cambios en el tracto reproductivo causado por la muda forzada disminuyen la expresion del receptor especifico en la membrana celular. La presencia de receptores especificos determina la susceptibilidad del hospedador al virus de Influenza. Utilizamos la tecnica de inmunofluorescencia con la lectina Maackia amurensis para identificar la presencia del receptor viral en cortes histologicos de oviductos de aves en produccion y en oviductos de aves con muda forzada. Los resultados mostraron la presencia y distribucion de los receptores a Influenza Aviar. Observamos una fuerte senal de los receptores en los cortes histologicos de los oviductos de aves en produccion. Por el contrario, la senal fue baja en los oviductos de aves sometidas a muda. Estos resultados demuestran una disminucion en el numero de receptores de aves sometidas a muda forzada. La falta de receptores afecta la infeccion y la replicacion del virus, asi como los danos inducidos por el virus en el oviducto, lo que podria ayudar a explicar la observacion en el campo de que las aves infectadas con Influenza Aviar y sometidas a muda forzada sobreviven mas que las aves a las que no se les somete a muda. Figura 2. A. Se observa abundante expresion del receptor del virus de IA, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana en las areas apicales de las celulas de la mucosa del epitelio de la region del utero de oviductos de gallinas sanas en produccion. Barra 100 µm. B. Receptores al virus de influenza (flechas), marcados por fluorescencia verde manzana, localizados en las celulas epiteliales de los ductos glandulares de la region de magnum del oviducto del grupo de aves sanas en produccion. Barra: 100 µm. C. Corte histologico de aves sanas sometidas a muda forzada. El receptor del virus de influenza, marcado con fluorescencia verde manzana, s","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.4.1.416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tadich-Gallo, Aline S. Dealuja, Roberto Cagigas, F. Galindo
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Tadich Gallo TA, de Aluja A, Cagigas R, Galindo F. Children’s recognition of working donkeys’ needs in Tuliman, Mexico: Preliminary observations. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.404 Working equids remain an important source of income for thousands of families in developing countries. Children commonly participate actively in the husbandry practices associated with their working equids around the world, and can therefore have an important impact on their welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate the recognition of nine basic needs of donkeys by children between eight and eleven years of age. Animal welfare talks were provided in classrooms of schools in the community of Tuliman, Mexico, to children between eight and eleven years of age. Children were then asked to represent their donkey’s needs through drawings. The number and percentage of children able to recognize different needs was then quantified. Through their drawings, children easily recognized the need to provide food and water, but they rarely recognized the need for veterinary services. Inclusion of educational strategies at younger ages could have an impact on the welfare of working equids within communities. Figure 2. Examples of children’s drawings including the needs they identified. Some of the needs drawn include corn (food), water, grooming and love, as represented by a heart (positive human-animal bond).
引用本文为:Tadich Gallo TA, de Aluja A, Cagigas R, Galindo F.墨西哥图利曼儿童对工作驴需求的认识:初步观察。墨西哥兽医局。2016; 3(4)。对发展中国家成千上万的家庭来说，工作马匹仍然是一个重要的收入来源。在世界各地，儿童通常积极参与与他们的工作马有关的畜牧业实践，因此可以对他们的福利产生重要影响。本研究的目的是调查8至11岁儿童对驴的九种基本需求的认识。动物福利讲座在墨西哥Tuliman社区的学校教室里为8至11岁的儿童提供。然后，孩子们被要求通过绘画来代表他们的驴的需求。然后对能够识别不同需求的儿童的数量和百分比进行量化。通过他们的画，孩子们很容易认识到需要提供食物和水，但他们很少认识到需要兽医服务。在更年轻的年龄纳入教育策略可能会对社区内工作的马的福利产生影响。图2。儿童绘画的例子，包括他们确定的需求。这些需求包括玉米(食物)、水、梳洗和爱，以一颗心(积极的人与动物的纽带)为代表。
{"title":"Children’s recognition of working donkeys’ needs in Tuliman, Mexico: Preliminary observations","authors":"T. Tadich-Gallo, Aline S. Dealuja, Roberto Cagigas, F. Galindo","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.404","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Tadich Gallo TA, de Aluja A, Cagigas R, Galindo F. Children’s recognition of working donkeys’ needs in Tuliman, Mexico: Preliminary observations. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.404 Working equids remain an important source of income for thousands of families in developing countries. Children commonly participate actively in the husbandry practices associated with their working equids around the world, and can therefore have an important impact on their welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate the recognition of nine basic needs of donkeys by children between eight and eleven years of age. Animal welfare talks were provided in classrooms of schools in the community of Tuliman, Mexico, to children between eight and eleven years of age. Children were then asked to represent their donkey’s needs through drawings. The number and percentage of children able to recognize different needs was then quantified. Through their drawings, children easily recognized the need to provide food and water, but they rarely recognized the need for veterinary services. Inclusion of educational strategies at younger ages could have an impact on the welfare of working equids within communities. Figure 2. Examples of children’s drawings including the needs they identified. Some of the needs drawn include corn (food), water, grooming and love, as represented by a heart (positive human-animal bond).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":"3 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Ibarra Zazueta, B. A. Reynoso, R. Castro, E. G. P. Resendiz, E. D. Aparicio
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Ibarra Zazueta C, Arellano Reynoso B, Hernandez Castro R, Palomares Resendiz EG, Diaz Aparicio E. Evaluation of the aroA mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.366 Caseous lymphadenitis of small ruminants causes economic losses worldwide. To date, no effective vaccine has been developed against the causative agent of this disease, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis . The objective of the present work was to evaluate an aroA mutant gene strain of C. pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models, for attenuation and the ability to stimulate an immune response. The intracellular survival of the aroA mutant strain and the wild type strain (WT) of C. pseudotuberculosis was evaluated in J774A.1 murine macrophages using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:1 with the following infection times: 30 min, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The largest difference in the intracellular survival of the mutant was observed 30 min post-infection. After subcutaneous skin vaccination, the subcutaneous lesion progression observed on the 14 th day was more severe in those animals that were vaccinated with the WT strain. An analysis of the residual virulence in the murine model did not reveal any bacteria in mice vaccinated with the aroA strain on day 28 post-vaccination. Mice vaccinated with the mutant showed 50 % protection against the intraperitoneal challenge, exceeding that of the control group (41.67 %). We conclude that the virulence of the aroA mutant was significantly attenuated in both cellular and murine models according to the residual virulence detected in mice. However, vaccination with the mutant failed to confer at least 80 % protection, which is desirable for an immunogen. Hence, this study contributes to the knowledge of the immune response against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis .
{"title":"Evaluation of the aroA mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models","authors":"Cristina Ibarra Zazueta, B. A. Reynoso, R. Castro, E. G. P. Resendiz, E. D. Aparicio","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Ibarra Zazueta C, Arellano Reynoso B, Hernandez Castro R, Palomares Resendiz EG, Diaz Aparicio E. Evaluation of the aroA mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.366 Caseous lymphadenitis of small ruminants causes economic losses worldwide. To date, no effective vaccine has been developed against the causative agent of this disease, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis . The objective of the present work was to evaluate an aroA mutant gene strain of C. pseudotuberculosis in cellular and murine models, for attenuation and the ability to stimulate an immune response. The intracellular survival of the aroA mutant strain and the wild type strain (WT) of C. pseudotuberculosis was evaluated in J774A.1 murine macrophages using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:1 with the following infection times: 30 min, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The largest difference in the intracellular survival of the mutant was observed 30 min post-infection. After subcutaneous skin vaccination, the subcutaneous lesion progression observed on the 14 th day was more severe in those animals that were vaccinated with the WT strain. An analysis of the residual virulence in the murine model did not reveal any bacteria in mice vaccinated with the aroA strain on day 28 post-vaccination. Mice vaccinated with the mutant showed 50 % protection against the intraperitoneal challenge, exceeding that of the control group (41.67 %). We conclude that the virulence of the aroA mutant was significantly attenuated in both cellular and murine models according to the residual virulence detected in mice. However, vaccination with the mutant failed to confer at least 80 % protection, which is desirable for an immunogen. Hence, this study contributes to the knowledge of the immune response against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis .","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":"3 1","pages":"26-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yazmín Alcalá Canto, L. Camberos, H. S. López, Lilia Gutiérrez Olvera, G. Pérez
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Alcala Canto Y, Sumano Lopez HS, Ocampo Camberos L, Gutierrez L. Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.374 Sheep production requires the constant assessment of parasitic burden and the efficacy of existing treatments for proper management. In this study, the administration of five different treatments was evaluated for the reduction of the percentage of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) shed by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) from sheep on three different sheep-breeding farms in Mexico (Texcoco, Estado de Mexico; Hueytamalco, Puebla; and Tlaltizapan de Zapata, Morelos). In these farms, ivermectin and benzimidazole derivatives had been routinely administered for two consecutive years. To determine whether drugs with different pharmacological properties decreased GIN fecal egg excretion, the treatments closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) were administered alone and in combinations of CLOS + ABZ and CLOS + FBZ, to five groups of sheep, with an additional untreated control group on each farm (n = 28 per flock). Anthelmintic resistance was determined using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) as recommended in the guidelines of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Fecal samples were collected 14 and 21 days after treatment. The anthelmintic resistance status was determined based on the reduction in the fecal egg count arithmetic mean and 95 % confidence limits. According to the FECRT, resistance developed to CLOS, ABZ, FBZ and CLOS + FBZ because the mean percentage of EPG reduction was ≤ 95 % with a lower confidence limit of ≤ 90 %. By contrast, nematode susceptibility was confirmed for the CLOS + ABZ combination, as it reduced the percentage of GIN fecal egg output by 96.46 ± 3.04 % (day 14) and 96.88 ± 3.04 % (day 21). Based on the morphometric identification of larvae, Haemonchus spp., Cooperia spp. and Teladorsagia spp. were the most abundant genera on all farms before the administration of these five treatments. In conclusion, the use of the anthelmintic combination of closantel plus albendazole may reduce the development of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes. Figure 1. Marginal means ± SD of the percentage reduction in egg count on days 14 and 21 after treatment of sheep on three farms (n = 28 per flock) with fenbendazole (FBZ), closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ), closantel + fenbendazole (CLOS + FBZ) and closantel + albendazole (CLOS + ABZ).
{"title":"Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico","authors":"Yazmín Alcalá Canto, L. Camberos, H. S. López, Lilia Gutiérrez Olvera, G. Pérez","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Alcala Canto Y, Sumano Lopez HS, Ocampo Camberos L, Gutierrez L. Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(4). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.4.374 Sheep production requires the constant assessment of parasitic burden and the efficacy of existing treatments for proper management. In this study, the administration of five different treatments was evaluated for the reduction of the percentage of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) shed by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) from sheep on three different sheep-breeding farms in Mexico (Texcoco, Estado de Mexico; Hueytamalco, Puebla; and Tlaltizapan de Zapata, Morelos). In these farms, ivermectin and benzimidazole derivatives had been routinely administered for two consecutive years. To determine whether drugs with different pharmacological properties decreased GIN fecal egg excretion, the treatments closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) were administered alone and in combinations of CLOS + ABZ and CLOS + FBZ, to five groups of sheep, with an additional untreated control group on each farm (n = 28 per flock). Anthelmintic resistance was determined using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Tests (FECRT) as recommended in the guidelines of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Fecal samples were collected 14 and 21 days after treatment. The anthelmintic resistance status was determined based on the reduction in the fecal egg count arithmetic mean and 95 % confidence limits. According to the FECRT, resistance developed to CLOS, ABZ, FBZ and CLOS + FBZ because the mean percentage of EPG reduction was ≤ 95 % with a lower confidence limit of ≤ 90 %. By contrast, nematode susceptibility was confirmed for the CLOS + ABZ combination, as it reduced the percentage of GIN fecal egg output by 96.46 ± 3.04 % (day 14) and 96.88 ± 3.04 % (day 21). Based on the morphometric identification of larvae, Haemonchus spp., Cooperia spp. and Teladorsagia spp. were the most abundant genera on all farms before the administration of these five treatments. In conclusion, the use of the anthelmintic combination of closantel plus albendazole may reduce the development of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes. Figure 1. Marginal means ± SD of the percentage reduction in egg count on days 14 and 21 after treatment of sheep on three farms (n = 28 per flock) with fenbendazole (FBZ), closantel (CLOS), albendazole (ABZ), closantel + fenbendazole (CLOS + FBZ) and closantel + albendazole (CLOS + ABZ).","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":"3 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.4.374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68194041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Macedo-Barragán, Victalina Arredondo-Ruiz, Alejandro Cervantes-Lechuga
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Macedo Barragan RJ, Arredondo Ruiz V, Cervantes Lechuga A. Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(3). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.3.375 A study was conducted with the objective of characterizing, comparing and analyzing the cephalic and caudal morphologies of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in the state of Colima, Mexico. A total of 53 rams, up to 2 years of age were scored for the following12 cephalic and caudal measurements: cranial width, cranial length, head width, head length, head depth, face width, face length, ear width, ear length, tail length, tail width at the joint and tail width at the tip. Katahdin rams had a significantly greater cranial width, head width and tail at the tip width than Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams (P ≤ 0.02). The tail width at the joint was greater in Katahdin rams than in Pelibuey rams (P = 0.01), and Blackbelly rams have intermediate values. Canonical analysis identified two significant canonical variables, CAN1 and CAN2, which accounted for 92% and 8% of the total variation, respectively. Katahdin rams were separated from Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams by the tail width the tip, while the head length and tail width at the joint differentiated the Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams. All Katahdin rams were correctly assigned within their breed group, while most Pelibuey rams (58.60%) were erroneously grouped as Blackbelly. Likewise, a significant proportion of the Blackbelly rams (40%) were misclassified as Pelibuey. Although Pelibuey, Blackbelly and Katahdin rams meet the standards of their respective breeds, phenotypic characterization using canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated the existence of a high degree of crossbreeding among these breeds and showed that the head length, tail width at the tip and tail width at the joint were the most discriminating variables for identifying and separating the three sheep breeds. Figure 1. Cephalic and caudal measurements: HL = head length, HW = head width, HD = head depth, CL = cranial length, CW = cranial width, FL = face length, FW = face width, EL = ear length, EW = ear width, TL = tail length, TWJ = tail width at the joint, TWT = tail width at the tip
{"title":"Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, México","authors":"R. Macedo-Barragán, Victalina Arredondo-Ruiz, Alejandro Cervantes-Lechuga","doi":"10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Macedo Barragan RJ, Arredondo Ruiz V, Cervantes Lechuga A. Head and tail morphology of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in Colima, Mexico. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(3). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.3.375 A study was conducted with the objective of characterizing, comparing and analyzing the cephalic and caudal morphologies of Pelibuey, Katahdin and Blackbelly rams in the state of Colima, Mexico. A total of 53 rams, up to 2 years of age were scored for the following12 cephalic and caudal measurements: cranial width, cranial length, head width, head length, head depth, face width, face length, ear width, ear length, tail length, tail width at the joint and tail width at the tip. Katahdin rams had a significantly greater cranial width, head width and tail at the tip width than Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams (P ≤ 0.02). The tail width at the joint was greater in Katahdin rams than in Pelibuey rams (P = 0.01), and Blackbelly rams have intermediate values. Canonical analysis identified two significant canonical variables, CAN1 and CAN2, which accounted for 92% and 8% of the total variation, respectively. Katahdin rams were separated from Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams by the tail width the tip, while the head length and tail width at the joint differentiated the Pelibuey and Blackbelly rams. All Katahdin rams were correctly assigned within their breed group, while most Pelibuey rams (58.60%) were erroneously grouped as Blackbelly. Likewise, a significant proportion of the Blackbelly rams (40%) were misclassified as Pelibuey. Although Pelibuey, Blackbelly and Katahdin rams meet the standards of their respective breeds, phenotypic characterization using canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated the existence of a high degree of crossbreeding among these breeds and showed that the head length, tail width at the tip and tail width at the joint were the most discriminating variables for identifying and separating the three sheep breeds. Figure 1. Cephalic and caudal measurements: HL = head length, HW = head width, HD = head depth, CL = cranial length, CW = cranial width, FL = face length, FW = face width, EL = ear length, EW = ear width, TL = tail length, TWJ = tail width at the joint, TWT = tail width at the tip","PeriodicalId":49387,"journal":{"name":"Veterinaria Mexico","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21753/VMOA.3.3.375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68193977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-28DOI: 10.21753/VMOA.2016.3.2.2
G. Hernández, F. Chávez-Maya, E. Anaya, E. Rubio, G. Espinosa
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E. V. S. Fernex, M. A. Diaz, P. M. Gives, B. V. L. Mora, A. Zamilpa, M. G. Cortazar
Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: von Son de Fernex E, Alonso Diaz MA, Mendoza de Gives P, Valles de la Mora B, Zamilpa A, Gonzalez Cortasar M. Ovicidal activity of extracts from four plant species against the cattle nematode Cooperia punctata . Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2016;3(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.2.365 . Bioactive plants might represent an alternative for Cooperia punctata control in grazing cattle. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the ovicidal activity of extracts from 4 plant species against C. punctata , (2) to determine the role of the polyphenols in the plants’ anthelmintic (AH) activity, and (3) to evaluate the best plant extraction procedure when searching for ovicidal activity. The egg hatch assay was used with different extraction procedures, aqueous (AQ), acetone:water (AW) and acetonic (AC), to evaluate the ovicidal activity of Leucaena leucocephala , Gliricidia sepium , Guazuma ulmifolia and Cratylia argentea . Eggs of C. punctata were exposed in quadruplicate to 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 mg mL -1 of each plant extract. The roles of the polyphenols were assessed using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The 12 plant extracts inhibited egg hatching in a dose-dependent manner. Best-fit LC 50 values were 1.03 ± 0.17 and 7.90 ± 1.19 mg mL -1 for G. sepium -AC and L. leucocephala -AQ, respectively. Differences in AH activity were found among the extraction procedures (P < 0.05). At the highest concentration, L. leucocephala -AQ inhibited more than 50% of C. punctata hatching . The G. sepium -AC extract fully inhibited egg hatching. The addition of polyethylene glycol revealed the role of the polyphenols in the bioactivity of most plant extracts; however, for G. sepium -AC, the polyphenols were not the main bioactive compounds. Overall, acetone:water extraction represented the best extraction procedure to obtain both ovicidal activity and higher yield. The inhibition rates suggested that L. leucocephala and G. sepium should be evaluated as a means of reducing larval density in pastures. Table 1. Lethal concentrations required to inhibit 50% of Cooperia punctata egg hatching (LC 50 ), after a 48-h incubation period with bioactive extracts (mg mL -1 ).
引用本文:von Son de Fernex E, Alonso Diaz MA, Mendoza de Gives P, Valles de la Mora B, Zamilpa A, Gonzalez Cortasar M.四种植物提取物对牛斑库布线虫的杀卵活性研究。墨西哥兽医局。2016; 3(2)。Doi: 10.21753/vmoa.3.2.365。具有生物活性的植物可能是控制放牧牛斑枯蝇的替代选择。本研究的目的是(1)评价4种植物提取物对刺毛虫的杀卵活性，(2)确定多酚在植物驱虫活性中的作用，(3)在寻找杀卵活性时评价最佳的植物提取工艺。采用水浸、丙酮:水浸、丙酮:水浸三种不同的浸提方法，对白头翁、白头翁、白头翁和白头翁的杀卵活性进行了评价。每株植物提取物分别为0.6、1.2、2.4、4.8和9.6 mg mL -1。用聚乙二醇(PEG)评价了多酚的作用。12种植物提取物抑制卵孵化呈剂量依赖性。G. sepium -AC和L. leucocephala -AQ的最佳lc50值分别为1.03±0.17和7.90±1.19 mg mL -1。不同提取工艺间AH活性差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。在最高浓度下，L. leucocephala -AQ对点状棘球蚴的孵化抑制率达50%以上。黄皮草-AC提取物能完全抑制卵的孵化。聚乙二醇的加入揭示了多酚在大多数植物提取物生物活性中的作用;然而，对于G. sepium -AC，多酚不是主要的生物活性物质。综上所述，丙酮-水萃取法是获得除卵活性和较高产率的最佳提取工艺。从抑制率来看，应考虑将白头L.和粗皮G.作为降低牧场幼虫密度的一种手段。表1。生物活性提取物(mg mL -1)孵育48 h后，所需的致死浓度可抑制50%的斑点库伯卵孵化(lc50)。
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