Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10881
M. Djojosaputro, N. N. Prihantini
Nowadays, most people like to choose their food from good taste varieties without considering the nutrition. Generally, The average fiber consumption in Indonesia is 10,5 grams/day. This value is not quite enough for the requirement of fiber. An inadequacy of fiber can cause some diseases, and one of them is defecation disorders. This study examines the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of consuming fibrous food with defecation. This study utilizes Cross Sectional Method. Take an experiment by Consecutive sampling in a total population of 273 respondents and a sample is as many as 162 respondents. The study subjects are students of the Universitas Kristen Indonesia 2018 Medical Faculty. Data preparation will use IBM SPSS Statistic 22, and the result of the research will be presented analytically. The knowledge of students is not enough for fibrous food. Most have a bad attitude toward fibrous food and still rarely consume it. A Chi-Square test shows no correlation between knowledge of fibrous food and defecation pattern, significant frequency of defecation (p =0,071), and stool consistency (p= 0,746). The correlations between the attitude of fibrous food with defecation patterns are frequency of defecation (p=0.012) and stool consistency (p=0.038). The correlations between behaviors of fibrous food with defecation patterns are frequency of defecation (p=0,012) and stool consistency (p = 0,038).
{"title":"The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Fiber Food Consumption with Defection Pattern","authors":"M. Djojosaputro, N. N. Prihantini","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10881","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, most people like to choose their food from good taste varieties without considering the nutrition. Generally, The average fiber consumption in Indonesia is 10,5 grams/day. This value is not quite enough for the requirement of fiber. An inadequacy of fiber can cause some diseases, and one of them is defecation disorders. This study examines the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of consuming fibrous food with defecation. This study utilizes Cross Sectional Method. Take an experiment by Consecutive sampling in a total population of 273 respondents and a sample is as many as 162 respondents. The study subjects are students of the Universitas Kristen Indonesia 2018 Medical Faculty. Data preparation will use IBM SPSS Statistic 22, and the result of the research will be presented analytically. The knowledge of students is not enough for fibrous food. Most have a bad attitude toward fibrous food and still rarely consume it. A Chi-Square test shows no correlation between knowledge of fibrous food and defecation pattern, significant frequency of defecation (p =0,071), and stool consistency (p= 0,746). The correlations between the attitude of fibrous food with defecation patterns are frequency of defecation (p=0.012) and stool consistency (p=0.038). The correlations between behaviors of fibrous food with defecation patterns are frequency of defecation (p=0,012) and stool consistency (p = 0,038).","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83291642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to determine whether there was any association between depression and quality of life among the urban elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted across some urban areas of Dhaka city namely Gulshan, Niketan and Mohakhali areas. 91 respondents aged 60 years and above residing in urban areas were interviewed once at one point in time. All the information was to be collected within the time frame. Hence the most appropriate study design in this case would be cross-sectional study design. The duration for the thesis work was 1 year, from 1st January to 31st December 2020. Method of sampling was convenient method of sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and telephone interview. Results: In case of clinical characteristics, elderly people aged 60 years and above participated. Mean age was 66.42 (SD± 5.106) years. Minimum and maximum age was respectively 60 years and 80 years. Among the 91 respondents, 48 (52.7%) were males and 43 (47.3%) were females. It is found that, 64 (70.3%) were married, 1 (1.1%) was unmarried, 24 (26.4%) were widowed, 2 (2.2%) were divorced. Of all the respondents, 34.1% were graduates and 24.2% were post graduates. Majority of respondents (84.6%) were the followers of Islam, followed by (11%) Hindus. Here, among the 91 respondents, some of them had only one disease, whereas some of them had more than one disease. To explain, 56 (31.8%) had Hypertension, 55 (31.3%) people had Diabetes Mellitus, 32 (18.2%) had cardiac problems, 13 (7.4%) suffered from stroke, 11 (6.3%) had chronic lung disease, 7 (4.0%) suffered from chronic kidney disease, 1 (0.6%) had cancer, and 1 (0.6%) had Alzheimer’s disease. In case of association between depression and psychological domain of quality of life, the highest mean score was found within those who had no depression (M=63.93), followed by mild depression (M=48.95), then moderate depression (M=40.71) and lastly severe depression (M=33.80). To see the impact of level of depression on psychological domain of quality of life, one-way between group ANOVA was conducted. There was statistically significant difference at p<0.05 in QOL for levels of depression: F (3, 87) = 14.019, p=0.00.
目的:本研究旨在确定COVID-19大流行期间城市老年人抑郁与生活质量之间是否存在关联。方法:本研究在达卡的一些城区进行，即Gulshan、Niketan和Mohakhali地区。91名年龄在60岁及以上的城市居民在同一时间点接受了一次访谈。所有的信息都要在规定的时间内收集。因此，在这种情况下，最合适的研究设计将是横断面研究设计。论文工作时间为1年，从2020年1月1日至12月31日。抽样方法为简便的抽样方法。数据收集采用面对面访谈和电话访谈两种方式。结果:根据临床特点，60岁及以上老年人参与。平均年龄66.42 (SD±5.106)岁。最小年龄为60岁，最大年龄为80岁。91名被调查者中，男性48人(52.7%)，女性43人(47.3%)。已婚64人(70.3%)，未婚1人(1.1%)，丧偶24人(26.4%)，离婚2人(2.2%)。在所有受访者中，34.1%是大学毕业生，24.2%是研究生。大多数受访者(84.6%)是伊斯兰教徒，其次是印度教徒(11%)。在91名受访者中，有些人只患有一种疾病，而有些人则患有一种以上的疾病。其中56人(31.8%)患有高血压，55人(31.3%)患有糖尿病，32人(18.2%)患有心脏病，13人(7.4%)患有中风，11人(6.3%)患有慢性肺部疾病，7人(4.0%)患有慢性肾脏疾病，1人(0.6%)患有癌症，1人(0.6%)患有阿尔茨海默病。在抑郁与生活质量心理领域的相关性方面，无抑郁者的平均得分最高(M=63.93)，其次是轻度抑郁(M=48.95)，其次是中度抑郁(M=40.71)，最后是重度抑郁(M=33.80)。为观察抑郁程度对生活质量心理领域的影响，采用组间单因素方差分析。各抑郁水平的生活质量差异有统计学意义(p<0.05): F (3,87) = 14.019, p=0.00。
{"title":"Depression and Quality of Life among Urban Elderly in Dhaka City during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tarim Mahmood, Tasnim Mahmud, Nabila Nusrat Tripty","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10880","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to determine whether there was any association between depression and quality of life among the urban elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Methods: This study was conducted across some urban areas of Dhaka city namely Gulshan, Niketan and Mohakhali areas. 91 respondents aged 60 years and above residing in urban areas were interviewed once at one point in time. All the information was to be collected within the time frame. Hence the most appropriate study design in this case would be cross-sectional study design. The duration for the thesis work was 1 year, from 1st January to 31st December 2020. Method of sampling was convenient method of sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and telephone interview. \u0000Results: In case of clinical characteristics, elderly people aged 60 years and above participated. Mean age was 66.42 (SD± 5.106) years. Minimum and maximum age was respectively 60 years and 80 years. Among the 91 respondents, 48 (52.7%) were males and 43 (47.3%) were females. It is found that, 64 (70.3%) were married, 1 (1.1%) was unmarried, 24 (26.4%) were widowed, 2 (2.2%) were divorced. Of all the respondents, 34.1% were graduates and 24.2% were post graduates. Majority of respondents (84.6%) were the followers of Islam, followed by (11%) Hindus. Here, among the 91 respondents, some of them had only one disease, whereas some of them had more than one disease. To explain, 56 (31.8%) had Hypertension, 55 (31.3%) people had Diabetes Mellitus, 32 (18.2%) had cardiac problems, 13 (7.4%) suffered from stroke, 11 (6.3%) had chronic lung disease, 7 (4.0%) suffered from chronic kidney disease, 1 (0.6%) had cancer, and 1 (0.6%) had Alzheimer’s disease. In case of association between depression and psychological domain of quality of life, the highest mean score was found within those who had no depression (M=63.93), followed by mild depression (M=48.95), then moderate depression (M=40.71) and lastly severe depression (M=33.80). To see the impact of level of depression on psychological domain of quality of life, one-way between group ANOVA was conducted. There was statistically significant difference at p<0.05 in QOL for levels of depression: F (3, 87) = 14.019, p=0.00.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76684455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10879
H. R. Kumar, M. Soma
The management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy is considered controversial, as there is no consensus in terms of diagnosis, investigation, and treatment. Blood investigations like full blood count are of limited value due to the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy. The use of abdominal ultrasound has always been mandatory but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is slowly becoming an alternative in the investigation of this condition. Open appendectomy has always been the treatment of choice, but laparoscopic appendectomy is becoming an emerging trend in the management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy. We conducted this narrative review article to evaluate the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy.
{"title":"Acute Appendicitis in Pregnancy-Current Management-Review Article","authors":"H. R. Kumar, M. Soma","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10879","url":null,"abstract":"The management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy is considered controversial, as there is no consensus in terms of diagnosis, investigation, and treatment. Blood investigations like full blood count are of limited value due to the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy. The use of abdominal ultrasound has always been mandatory but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is slowly becoming an alternative in the investigation of this condition. Open appendectomy has always been the treatment of choice, but laparoscopic appendectomy is becoming an emerging trend in the management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy. We conducted this narrative review article to evaluate the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82172068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10877
S. J. Obiekwe, I. P. Ezeugwunne, O. C. Ekwebene, I. Nwaugochi, G. Edeh, Ezenwa Robinson Modum, Christian Chukwunulu Nwoye, Iheohakara Franklin Okechukwu
Aims: Pelvic pain (PP) during menstruation (Dysmenorrhea) is one of the common complaints of women. menstruation has a great negative impact on the quality of life of women both psychologically, behavioural and social well-being. This study is to determine the prevalence of PP during menstruation among secondary school girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design conducted among female students at some selected high schools in Anambra state, South-eastern Nigeria in February 2023. A total of 392 study participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. A pretested self-administered structured questionnaire was employed. Microsoft excel and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Results: 392 female adolescent high school students aged between 8-19 years old with a mean age at menarche 12.85±1.47 years. 58.9% reported having their menstrual bleeding lasting for 4 days. The prevalence of PP during menstruation was 86.31% with 29.90% with a numerical pain rating of 10. 39.20% reported taking painkillers gotten over the counter, 71.43% reported the pain affecting their activities in school, majority 32.7% don’t socialize with their classmate and 32.0% do not concentrate in classes. While 29.4% do not participate in school outdoor sports activities, 20.3% don’t participate in other school social activities. Statistically significant associations existed between PP during menses and age, age at menarche, bleeding length and bleeding intensity (p<0.05). The school participation of Participants with severe PP during menses were significantly affected (p=0.0001). Conclusion: PP during menstruation was highly prevalent in this study, and highly affected the students’ participation in school activities. The implication of this study highlights the importance of raising awareness, improving access to healthcare services, integrating menstrual health education into the curriculum, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to support affected adolescents.
目的:月经期间盆腔疼痛(PP)是女性常见的主诉之一。月经对妇女的心理、行为和社会福利的生活质量都有很大的负面影响。本研究旨在了解中学女生月经期间PP的流行情况。方法:采用横断面研究设计，于2023年2月在尼日利亚东南部阿南布拉州的一些选定高中的女学生中进行。采用方便抽样技术共招募了392名研究参与者。采用预先测试的自我管理结构化问卷。数据录入和分析分别使用Microsoft excel和SPSS version 26。结果:高中女生392名，年龄8 ~ 19岁，平均初潮年龄12.85±1.47岁。58.9%的患者月经出血持续4天。月经期PP患病率为86.31%，其中29.90%，疼痛数值评分为10分。39.20%的人服用非处方止痛药，71.43%的人表示疼痛影响了他们在学校的活动，32.7%的人不与同学交往，32.0%的人在课堂上不能集中注意力。29.4%的学生不参加学校的户外体育活动，20.3%的学生不参加学校的其他社会活动。经期PP与年龄、初潮年龄、出血长度、出血强度有统计学意义(p<0.05)。重度PP患者在月经期间的学校参与受到显著影响(p=0.0001)。结论:在本研究中，月经期PP发生率较高，且对学生参与学校活动有较大影响。这项研究的意义突出了提高认识、改善获得保健服务的机会、将月经健康教育纳入课程以及采用多学科方法支持受影响的青少年的重要性。
{"title":"Exploring the Impacts of Menstrual-Pelvic Pain on School Activity in Rural Secondary School Girls","authors":"S. J. Obiekwe, I. P. Ezeugwunne, O. C. Ekwebene, I. Nwaugochi, G. Edeh, Ezenwa Robinson Modum, Christian Chukwunulu Nwoye, Iheohakara Franklin Okechukwu","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10877","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Pelvic pain (PP) during menstruation (Dysmenorrhea) is one of the common complaints of women. menstruation has a great negative impact on the quality of life of women both psychologically, behavioural and social well-being. This study is to determine the prevalence of PP during menstruation among secondary school girls. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study design conducted among female students at some selected high schools in Anambra state, South-eastern Nigeria in February 2023. A total of 392 study participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. A pretested self-administered structured questionnaire was employed. Microsoft excel and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. \u0000Results: 392 female adolescent high school students aged between 8-19 years old with a mean age at menarche 12.85±1.47 years. 58.9% reported having their menstrual bleeding lasting for 4 days. The prevalence of PP during menstruation was 86.31% with 29.90% with a numerical pain rating of 10. 39.20% reported taking painkillers gotten over the counter, 71.43% reported the pain affecting their activities in school, majority 32.7% don’t socialize with their classmate and 32.0% do not concentrate in classes. While 29.4% do not participate in school outdoor sports activities, 20.3% don’t participate in other school social activities. Statistically significant associations existed between PP during menses and age, age at menarche, bleeding length and bleeding intensity (p<0.05). The school participation of Participants with severe PP during menses were significantly affected (p=0.0001). \u0000Conclusion: PP during menstruation was highly prevalent in this study, and highly affected the students’ participation in school activities. The implication of this study highlights the importance of raising awareness, improving access to healthcare services, integrating menstrual health education into the curriculum, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to support affected adolescents.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83104671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10878
L. O. Amaka, Eze Chijioke Eze, C. Christian, O. Betrand, I. Sylvia, C. Bede, M. U. Chinyere, D. O. Ifechukwu
The use of safe and effective vaccination is critical to control of pandemics. Vaccines remain the bedrock in management of infectious diseases outbreaks. There has always been hesitancy to vaccination due to the fear of adverse events. It is therefore necessary that post vaccination adverse events be studied for effective enlightenment of the general populace. Objective: We aimed to investigate the adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in Anambra state, South East Nigeria. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 433 subjects aged 18years or older who had received any dose of the four COVID-19 vaccines (Moderna, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer and J&J (Janssen) were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed about COVID-19 vaccine related adverse reactions using self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics were performed and level of significance set at < 0.5 using SPSS V24. Results: Of the 433 subjects finally studied, 62.8% were females and 22.4% were married. About 69% of them had tertiary education. Those who received the second dose of their respective vaccines were 44.8% while 11.5% had received a booster dose. Approximately half (50.3%) of the COVID-19 vaccines had adverse events. The most common types of adverse events (AEs) were local pain at injection site (62.1%) followed by headache (54.3%) and then fatigue (50.1%). Majority of the adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Those who had only local adverse events were 70.2% while 45% had systemic adverse events. Conclusion: In this study, severe adverse events were rare, even after the second dose. Most of the adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and therefore awareness campaign should be created to enlighten the community about the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
{"title":"Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Anambra State, South East Nigeria","authors":"L. O. Amaka, Eze Chijioke Eze, C. Christian, O. Betrand, I. Sylvia, C. Bede, M. U. Chinyere, D. O. Ifechukwu","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10878","url":null,"abstract":"The use of safe and effective vaccination is critical to control of pandemics. Vaccines remain the bedrock in management of infectious diseases outbreaks. There has always been hesitancy to vaccination due to the fear of adverse events. It is therefore necessary that post vaccination adverse events be studied for effective enlightenment of the general populace. \u0000Objective: We aimed to investigate the adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in Anambra state, South East Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 433 subjects aged 18years or older who had received any dose of the four COVID-19 vaccines (Moderna, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer and J&J (Janssen) were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed about COVID-19 vaccine related adverse reactions using self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics were performed and level of significance set at < 0.5 using SPSS V24. \u0000Results: Of the 433 subjects finally studied, 62.8% were females and 22.4% were married. About 69% of them had tertiary education. Those who received the second dose of their respective vaccines were 44.8% while 11.5% had received a booster dose. Approximately half (50.3%) of the COVID-19 vaccines had adverse events. The most common types of adverse events (AEs) were local pain at injection site (62.1%) followed by headache (54.3%) and then fatigue (50.1%). Majority of the adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Those who had only local adverse events were 70.2% while 45% had systemic adverse events. \u0000Conclusion: In this study, severe adverse events were rare, even after the second dose. Most of the adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and therefore awareness campaign should be created to enlighten the community about the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90460457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10876
Elageche W. Okachi, Beniboba J. Eleki, Datonye Briggs, Ibinabo Membere
Introduction: Kidney disease is a growing worldwide public health problem and prevalence varies within and between countries. Epidemiological data is therefore imperative for prioritization and adequate resource allocation, especially in settings where no previous data exists. Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of renal diseases among adults admitted into the medical wards of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Methods: Case notes of all patients admitted into the medical wards were reviewed from January 2019 to December 2022. Data extracted included sociodemographic variables, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with renal disease. Results: Of the 2,725 patients admitted to the medical wards, 386 (14.2%) had renal disease. The mean age of patients was 51.2 ± 16 years. There was a male preponderance of 210 (54.4%) with a M: F = 1.3:1. The most prevalent renal diseases were hypertensive nephropathy 125(32.4%), diabetic nephropathy 91(23.7%), HIV-related renal disease 54(14.0%) and obstructive uropathy 23(6%). Acute kidney injury constituted 37 (9.6%) of renal admissions. Analysis of outcome showed that 254 (65.8%) were discharged home, 17 (4.4%) patients discharged themselves against medical advice, 5 (1.3%) absconded, 2 (0.5%) referred and 108 (28.0%) of them died. The highest mortality (19.4%) occurred among patients with the HIV-related renal disease Conclusion: The prevalence of renal disease is high, with hypertension, diabetes, HIV and obstructive uropathy as its commonest risk factors. Renal diseases still contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among in-hospital admissions in Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Preventative measures including health education, advocacy and screening for renal disease are imperative.
肾脏疾病是一个日益严重的全球公共卫生问题，其患病率在国家内部和国家之间有所不同。因此，流行病学数据对于确定优先次序和充分分配资源至关重要，特别是在没有以往数据的情况下。目的:了解尼日利亚南部河流州河流州立大学教学医院住院成人肾脏疾病的患病率和模式。方法:回顾2019年1月至2022年12月住院的所有病区患者的病例记录。提取的数据包括社会人口学变量、肾脏疾病患者的诊断和治疗结果。结果:2725例住院患者中，386例(14.2%)有肾脏疾病。患者平均年龄51.2±16岁。男性优势210例(54.4%)，M: F = 1.3:1。最常见的肾脏疾病是高血压肾病125例(32.4%)，糖尿病肾病91例(23.7%)，hiv相关肾病54例(14.0%)，梗阻性尿路病变23例(6%)。急性肾损伤占37例(9.6%)。结果分析:出院254例(65.8%)，自行出院17例(4.4%)，潜逃5例(1.3%)，转诊2例(0.5%)，死亡108例(28.0%)。结论:肾脏病患病率高，高血压、糖尿病、HIV和梗阻性尿路病变是其最常见的危险因素。在尼日利亚南部河流州，肾脏疾病仍然是造成住院病人发病率和死亡率的主要原因。包括健康教育、宣传和肾脏疾病筛查在内的预防措施是必不可少的。
{"title":"Prevalence, Pattern and Outcome of Adult Renal Diseases among Admissions in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital: A 4 Year Review","authors":"Elageche W. Okachi, Beniboba J. Eleki, Datonye Briggs, Ibinabo Membere","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10876","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Kidney disease is a growing worldwide public health problem and prevalence varies within and between countries. Epidemiological data is therefore imperative for prioritization and adequate resource allocation, especially in settings where no previous data exists. \u0000Aim: To determine the prevalence and pattern of renal diseases among adults admitted into the medical wards of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Case notes of all patients admitted into the medical wards were reviewed from January 2019 to December 2022. Data extracted included sociodemographic variables, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with renal disease. \u0000Results: Of the 2,725 patients admitted to the medical wards, 386 (14.2%) had renal disease. The mean age of patients was 51.2 ± 16 years. There was a male preponderance of 210 (54.4%) with a M: F = 1.3:1. The most prevalent renal diseases were hypertensive nephropathy 125(32.4%), diabetic nephropathy 91(23.7%), HIV-related renal disease 54(14.0%) and obstructive uropathy 23(6%). Acute kidney injury constituted 37 (9.6%) of renal admissions. Analysis of outcome showed that 254 (65.8%) were discharged home, 17 (4.4%) patients discharged themselves against medical advice, 5 (1.3%) absconded, 2 (0.5%) referred and 108 (28.0%) of them died. The highest mortality (19.4%) occurred among patients with the HIV-related renal disease \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of renal disease is high, with hypertension, diabetes, HIV and obstructive uropathy as its commonest risk factors. Renal diseases still contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among in-hospital admissions in Rivers State, Southern Nigeria. Preventative measures including health education, advocacy and screening for renal disease are imperative.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"141 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76182124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10875
A. Mbaabu, Caroline Mangare, Collins Wangulu, Amos Mbugua
Background: Essential Hypertension (EH) accounts for majority of hypertension cases globally. Genetic factors along with haematological and biochemical changes may underlie EH and these have not been well studied in Kenya. A meta-analysis in African populations (excluding East Africa) identified the 1166A>C (rs5186) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) that encodes the angiotensin II type 1 receptor as likely to predispose some Africans to hypertension. Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine whether the AGTR1 (rs5186) mutation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and selected haematological biomarkers may be associated with the onset of EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya). Study Design: A case control study design was adopted. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from March to July 2022 at Chuka County Referral Hospital in Tharaka Nithi County. Methodology: A total of 272 participants, both hypertensive and normotensive, were recruited and blood samples obtained. DNA was extracted and analyzed by PCR RFLP. Independent T-test, Mann Whitney U test and Odds ratios were used to compare the two groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Median values for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), C-reactive Protein (CRP) and mean values for Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher (P < .001) in hypertensive group compared to normotensive individuals. Mean Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) was not significantly different between cases and controls. (P=.519) There was no significant association between the AGTR1 1166A>C (rs5186) SNP frequency and EH in both groups (P=0.6236, OR=0.4952(95%CI:0.0442-5.5456) Conclusion: The AGTR1 (rs5186) SNP is not associated with EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. EH is associated with elevated levels of CRP, RDW, MPV and NLR in the absence of other inflammatory and chronic diseases. Further studies of the genetics of hypertension in Kenya need to be conducted.
{"title":"Selected haematological markers and C-reactive protein, not AGTR1 SNP, are associated with essential hypertension in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya","authors":"A. Mbaabu, Caroline Mangare, Collins Wangulu, Amos Mbugua","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10875","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Essential Hypertension (EH) accounts for majority of hypertension cases globally. Genetic factors along with haematological and biochemical changes may underlie EH and these have not been well studied in Kenya. A meta-analysis in African populations (excluding East Africa) identified the 1166A>C (rs5186) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) that encodes the angiotensin II type 1 receptor as likely to predispose some Africans to hypertension. \u0000Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine whether the AGTR1 (rs5186) mutation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and selected haematological biomarkers may be associated with the onset of EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya). \u0000Study Design: A case control study design was adopted. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from March to July 2022 at Chuka County Referral Hospital in Tharaka Nithi County. \u0000Methodology: A total of 272 participants, both hypertensive and normotensive, were recruited and blood samples obtained. DNA was extracted and analyzed by PCR RFLP. Independent T-test, Mann Whitney U test and Odds ratios were used to compare the two groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: Median values for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), C-reactive Protein (CRP) and mean values for Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher (P < .001) in hypertensive group compared to normotensive individuals. Mean Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) was not significantly different between cases and controls. (P=.519) There was no significant association between the AGTR1 1166A>C (rs5186) SNP frequency and EH in both groups (P=0.6236, OR=0.4952(95%CI:0.0442-5.5456) \u0000Conclusion: The AGTR1 (rs5186) SNP is not associated with EH in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. EH is associated with elevated levels of CRP, RDW, MPV and NLR in the absence of other inflammatory and chronic diseases. Further studies of the genetics of hypertension in Kenya need to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"25 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81024525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10874
U. Gupta, T. N. Shafin, Nuzhat Rahman, Elora Chakraborty, Manisha Deb, Tahira Ferdous
Dementia is a global health burden identified by the World Health Organization in its global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. Our study aims to determine the efficacy of treatment options in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). The initiation of dementia treatment has consistently posed a significant dilemma for healthcare professionals, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate group of medications to commence therapy, considering the specific type of treatment required. To conduct our study, we searched PubMed Central and the Cochrane database to identify comparative trials that compared different dementia treatment options. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches across different types of dementia. In total, we reviewed over 40 papers that provided valuable insights into the comparative outcomes of these treatment options. In our analysis, we have found mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction (MMSE 19 to 26) and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease can be treated with a trial of Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine); choice can be based on clinician and/or patient preference, as efficacy is similar. Moderate to advanced dementia (MMSE 10 to 18): Memantine (10 mg twice daily) is a suggested option with Cholinesterase inhibitors. In conclusion, it is evident that the available options for dementia medication are inherently limited, while the resources allocated to evaluate further treatment alternatives remain constrained. As a result, there is an urgent need to prioritize additional research and comprehensive assessment in this field.
{"title":"Dementia Diagnosis and Alternate Treatment: A Recent Update on Treatment Options","authors":"U. Gupta, T. N. Shafin, Nuzhat Rahman, Elora Chakraborty, Manisha Deb, Tahira Ferdous","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10874","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a global health burden identified by the World Health Organization in its global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. Our study aims to determine the efficacy of treatment options in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). The initiation of dementia treatment has consistently posed a significant dilemma for healthcare professionals, necessitating careful consideration when selecting the appropriate group of medications to commence therapy, considering the specific type of treatment required. To conduct our study, we searched PubMed Central and the Cochrane database to identify comparative trials that compared different dementia treatment options. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches across different types of dementia. In total, we reviewed over 40 papers that provided valuable insights into the comparative outcomes of these treatment options. In our analysis, we have found mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction (MMSE 19 to 26) and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease can be treated with a trial of Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Galantamine, and Rivastigmine); choice can be based on clinician and/or patient preference, as efficacy is similar. Moderate to advanced dementia (MMSE 10 to 18): Memantine (10 mg twice daily) is a suggested option with Cholinesterase inhibitors. In conclusion, it is evident that the available options for dementia medication are inherently limited, while the resources allocated to evaluate further treatment alternatives remain constrained. As a result, there is an urgent need to prioritize additional research and comprehensive assessment in this field.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86161372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10873
H. R. Kumar, M. Soma
The negative appendectomy rate is generally accepted in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis to prevent complications like perforation. This rate varies according to countries in western and eastern regions of the world. Clinical scoring systems, inflammatory markers and imaging have been used to reduce the negative appendectomy rate. The introduction of computerized tomography has improved the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis. As this rate has been progressively decreasing over the past few years, a review article was done to look at the role of scoring systems, inflammatory markers, and imaging in diagnosing acute appendicitis and hence reduce the negative appendectomy rate.
{"title":"Negative Appendectomy Rates -Current Prospective- A Review","authors":"H. R. Kumar, M. Soma","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10873","url":null,"abstract":"The negative appendectomy rate is generally accepted in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis to prevent complications like perforation. This rate varies according to countries in western and eastern regions of the world. Clinical scoring systems, inflammatory markers and imaging have been used to reduce the negative appendectomy rate. The introduction of computerized tomography has improved the diagnostic accuracy of acute appendicitis. As this rate has been progressively decreasing over the past few years, a review article was done to look at the role of scoring systems, inflammatory markers, and imaging in diagnosing acute appendicitis and hence reduce the negative appendectomy rate.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86717919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10872
Zainab Faisal Habasha
Aim: To investigate if and how severe intraoperative nausea and vomiting occur following elective cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia using sub-hypnotic dosages of midazolam and propofol. Study Design: Clinical trial. Methodology: The current study was conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of a Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 90 full-term pregnant women with single viable fetuses who underwent elective C/S by spinal anesthesia and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group A included 30 women who received propofol, group B included 30 women who received midazolam, and Group C included 30 women who received placebo. The Bellville scoring score was used to assess nausea and vomiting. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) was used to assess sedation intraoperatively. Results: Patients in group C had the highest prevalence of nausea and vomiting (56.7%), which was significantly different from groups A (16.7%, P=0.001) and B (13.3%, P=0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P= 0.717). The group B patients had the highest prevalence of drowsiness (20%), which was substantially different from group C (3.3%, P=0.044), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P= 0.278) or A and C (P= 0.3). Conclusion: Low doses of midazolam or propofol administered after cesarean section (after the umbilical cord has been clamped) can lessen intraoperative nausea and vomiting without significantly lowering blood pressure or heart rate, with midazolam being more effective than propofol in this regard.
{"title":"Effect of Using Midazolam and Propofol in Low Doses for Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting Prevention in Pregnant Women Underwent Cesarean Section under Regional Anesthesia","authors":"Zainab Faisal Habasha","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10872","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate if and how severe intraoperative nausea and vomiting occur following elective cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia using sub-hypnotic dosages of midazolam and propofol. \u0000Study Design: Clinical trial. \u0000Methodology: The current study was conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of a Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 90 full-term pregnant women with single viable fetuses who underwent elective C/S by spinal anesthesia and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group A included 30 women who received propofol, group B included 30 women who received midazolam, and Group C included 30 women who received placebo. The Bellville scoring score was used to assess nausea and vomiting. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Score (RASS) was used to assess sedation intraoperatively. \u0000Results: Patients in group C had the highest prevalence of nausea and vomiting (56.7%), which was significantly different from groups A (16.7%, P=0.001) and B (13.3%, P=0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between groups A and B (P= 0.717). The group B patients had the highest prevalence of drowsiness (20%), which was substantially different from group C (3.3%, P=0.044), whereas there were no statistically significant differences between groups A and B (P= 0.278) or A and C (P= 0.3). \u0000Conclusion: Low doses of midazolam or propofol administered after cesarean section (after the umbilical cord has been clamped) can lessen intraoperative nausea and vomiting without significantly lowering blood pressure or heart rate, with midazolam being more effective than propofol in this regard.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74369057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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