Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10890
Rose Mela Danjin, H. Moda, M. Danjin, P. Doka, Vivian Kelechi-Ebisike, J. Kelechi
This objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and common Menstrual Hygiene (MH) practices among female students at Government Day Secondary School (GDSS) Tal, Billiri Local Govt Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted for the study and a simple probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique was used to select a sample of 133 respondents out of a total of 194 female students aged 14 to 22 years, spread across all the three grades of senior secondary school students. A self-constructed 46-item instrument was used for data collection. The mean age at menarche (first menstrual period) for the girls was 14±1.24 years, and their average duration of menstrual flow was 3±1.04 days. A good majority (80.9%) of them exhibited either medium or higher level of knowledge of menstrual hygiene. This perhaps explains why majority (75.9%) of them used sanitary pad and 43.2% used new piece of cloth. Furthermore, majority (87.1%) of the girls were in the habit of changing pad/absorbent more than once in a day. Commendably, an overwhelming majority (90.8%) of them take bath two to three times a day, and 79.5% use soap and water for cleaning of their external genitalia, just as 66.4% of them impressively practice washing of their genitalia from front to back. Some of the factors that undermines menstrual hygiene as opined by the respondents include “No money to buy sanitary pad” (63.9%), “There is no privacy in school to change regularly” (60.0%), “Family only allows or affords use of tissue and cloth materials (34.6%) and “Religion forbids public places when menstruating (30.5%)”. Considering the above it is recommended that sustainable women and girlchild economic empowerment programmes and free school-based sanitary pad distribution interventions be deployed to the area of study.
{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Menstrual Hygiene among Female Students of Government Day Senior Secondary School (GDSSS) Tal, Billiri Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"Rose Mela Danjin, H. Moda, M. Danjin, P. Doka, Vivian Kelechi-Ebisike, J. Kelechi","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10890","url":null,"abstract":"This objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and common Menstrual Hygiene (MH) practices among female students at Government Day Secondary School (GDSS) Tal, Billiri Local Govt Area of Gombe State, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted for the study and a simple probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique was used to select a sample of 133 respondents out of a total of 194 female students aged 14 to 22 years, spread across all the three grades of senior secondary school students. A self-constructed 46-item instrument was used for data collection. The mean age at menarche (first menstrual period) for the girls was 14±1.24 years, and their average duration of menstrual flow was 3±1.04 days. A good majority (80.9%) of them exhibited either medium or higher level of knowledge of menstrual hygiene. This perhaps explains why majority (75.9%) of them used sanitary pad and 43.2% used new piece of cloth. Furthermore, majority (87.1%) of the girls were in the habit of changing pad/absorbent more than once in a day. Commendably, an overwhelming majority (90.8%) of them take bath two to three times a day, and 79.5% use soap and water for cleaning of their external genitalia, just as 66.4% of them impressively practice washing of their genitalia from front to back. Some of the factors that undermines menstrual hygiene as opined by the respondents include “No money to buy sanitary pad” (63.9%), “There is no privacy in school to change regularly” (60.0%), “Family only allows or affords use of tissue and cloth materials (34.6%) and “Religion forbids public places when menstruating (30.5%)”. Considering the above it is recommended that sustainable women and girlchild economic empowerment programmes and free school-based sanitary pad distribution interventions be deployed to the area of study.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89849524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10892
Ahmed M. Ashry
The purpose of this review is to consider the risks, benefits, and prospective benefits of spinal and local anesthetic. Comparing the safest and most suitable anesthetic to utilize with each surgical technique also helps. An extremely sensitive area of the human body is the anorectal region. Although it is normally shorter than the remainder of the gastrointestinal system, measuring between 2.5 and 4 cm, it is extremely complex physically and functionally. The anal canal's only purpose is to serve as a link between the rectum and the digestive system. It is crucial for maintaining fecal continence and safeguards the body against foreign bacteria that may utilize the rectum as a possible entrance point into the anal canal. Anorectal anal fissures are a typical, benign disorder. It is an extremely painful disease that, in certain extreme situations, may also cause per rectal hemorrhage. Usually an ulcer, it develops longitudinally in the anus's epithelial lining immediately distal to the dentate line. A fissure-in-ano is characterized by indurated margins, visible internal anal sphincter fibers, and a polyp or skin tag close to the fissure's distal end. Hemorrhoids are little clusters of arteriovenous, fibrovascular, and submucosal sinusoids that are located in the anorectal area. Hemorrhoids are shown to be related with new per rectal bleeding in the patients shortly after they defecate, which is a highly distinctive pattern. In circumstances where medical therapy is ineffective, surgery has been suggested for both of these disorders. Any time surgery is scheduled, the question of selecting anesthetic arises. Although both local and spinal anesthesia are advised, studies and expert views have shown that local anesthetic has a clear advantage over spinal anesthesia. It is a popular option for many surgeons since it is successful in terms of the patient's health and is also economical.
{"title":"The Administration of Spinal or Local Anesthesia in Anal Fissure and Hemorrhoidectomy: A Comparative Literature Review","authors":"Ahmed M. Ashry","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10892","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to consider the risks, benefits, and prospective benefits of spinal and local anesthetic. Comparing the safest and most suitable anesthetic to utilize with each surgical technique also helps. An extremely sensitive area of the human body is the anorectal region. Although it is normally shorter than the remainder of the gastrointestinal system, measuring between 2.5 and 4 cm, it is extremely complex physically and functionally. The anal canal's only purpose is to serve as a link between the rectum and the digestive system. It is crucial for maintaining fecal continence and safeguards the body against foreign bacteria that may utilize the rectum as a possible entrance point into the anal canal. Anorectal anal fissures are a typical, benign disorder. It is an extremely painful disease that, in certain extreme situations, may also cause per rectal hemorrhage. Usually an ulcer, it develops longitudinally in the anus's epithelial lining immediately distal to the dentate line. A fissure-in-ano is characterized by indurated margins, visible internal anal sphincter fibers, and a polyp or skin tag close to the fissure's distal end. Hemorrhoids are little clusters of arteriovenous, fibrovascular, and submucosal sinusoids that are located in the anorectal area. Hemorrhoids are shown to be related with new per rectal bleeding in the patients shortly after they defecate, which is a highly distinctive pattern. In circumstances where medical therapy is ineffective, surgery has been suggested for both of these disorders. Any time surgery is scheduled, the question of selecting anesthetic arises. Although both local and spinal anesthesia are advised, studies and expert views have shown that local anesthetic has a clear advantage over spinal anesthesia. It is a popular option for many surgeons since it is successful in terms of the patient's health and is also economical.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82183610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To observe the effect of multimodal analgesia with single venous injection of parecoxib sodium and single epidural injection of morphine combine with dezocine intravenous infusion on the maternal pain, the adverse effects, the maternal activity and lactation and the stress response after cesarean section. Methods: The 90 cases of pregnant were randomly divided into three groups: Morphine and Dezocine (MD) group, Parecoxib sodium and Dezocine (PD) group, Parecoxib sodium, Morphine, and Dezocine (PMD) group. There were 30 cases in each group. The following three analgesic methods and their combinations were used: single epidural injection of morphine 1.5 mg, single intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg and intravenous analgesia with dezocine 0.5 mg/kg. Postoperative pain, adverse effects, maternal activity and breastfeeding, and serum substance P levels were observed. Results: These were statistically significant in the differences of VAS of incision pain at 8 h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05), in which the VAS in PMD group were lower than that in PD group and MD group, and in which the VAS in PD group was higher than that in MD group. These were statistically significant in the differences of VAS of uterine contractile pain at 8h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05), in which the VAS in PMD group were lower than that in PD group and MD group, and in which the VAS in PD group was lower than that in MD group. The time of starting to get out of bed after surgery was earlier in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The number of steps taken by mothers within 2 days after surgery was higher in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The step count within two days post-surgery was higher in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The serum substance P levels at the end of surgery and 1 day after surgery were lower in the PMD and PD groups than in the MD group (P < 0.05). The differences in the number of breastfeeding times within two days after surgery were statistically significant among the three groups (P < 0.05), with that in the PMD group（16.27±2.71) having been higher than in the PD group（12.63±1.67）and MD group（11.03±1.81), and that in the MD group being higher than in the PD group. Conclusion: The single intravenous sodium parecoxib combined with single epidural morphine and dezocine intravenous analgesia can better reduce the incision pain and uterine contractile pain after cesarean section, promote maternal postoperative off-bed activity and breast-feeding times to newborn.
{"title":"Parecoxib, Dezocine and Epidural Morphine for Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia in Cesarean Section: A Randomized Study","authors":"Wen-li Zhang, Xiaoci Huang, Xiaohong Liang, J. Zhuang, Jingying Lin, Xingqing Liu, Wei-jian Chen, Xue-jie Xu, Xueping Hu, Sheng-hui Huang","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10888","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the effect of multimodal analgesia with single venous injection of parecoxib sodium and single epidural injection of morphine combine with dezocine intravenous infusion on the maternal pain, the adverse effects, the maternal activity and lactation and the stress response after cesarean section. \u0000Methods: The 90 cases of pregnant were randomly divided into three groups: Morphine and Dezocine (MD) group, Parecoxib sodium and Dezocine (PD) group, Parecoxib sodium, Morphine, and Dezocine (PMD) group. There were 30 cases in each group. The following three analgesic methods and their combinations were used: single epidural injection of morphine 1.5 mg, single intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg and intravenous analgesia with dezocine 0.5 mg/kg. Postoperative pain, adverse effects, maternal activity and breastfeeding, and serum substance P levels were observed. \u0000Results: These were statistically significant in the differences of VAS of incision pain at 8 h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05), in which the VAS in PMD group were lower than that in PD group and MD group, and in which the VAS in PD group was higher than that in MD group. These were statistically significant in the differences of VAS of uterine contractile pain at 8h and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05), in which the VAS in PMD group were lower than that in PD group and MD group, and in which the VAS in PD group was lower than that in MD group. The time of starting to get out of bed after surgery was earlier in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The number of steps taken by mothers within 2 days after surgery was higher in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The step count within two days post-surgery was higher in the PMD group than in the PD and MD groups (P < 0.05). The serum substance P levels at the end of surgery and 1 day after surgery were lower in the PMD and PD groups than in the MD group (P < 0.05). The differences in the number of breastfeeding times within two days after surgery were statistically significant among the three groups (P < 0.05), with that in the PMD group（16.27±2.71) having been higher than in the PD group（12.63±1.67）and MD group（11.03±1.81), and that in the MD group being higher than in the PD group. \u0000Conclusion: The single intravenous sodium parecoxib combined with single epidural morphine and dezocine intravenous analgesia can better reduce the incision pain and uterine contractile pain after cesarean section, promote maternal postoperative off-bed activity and breast-feeding times to newborn.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81800359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10889
Ashiya Loomba, P. Grover, Amanjot Singh Nokwal, Bharti Arora
The present study is carried to determine nasal carriage of MRSA among nursing staff posted in Medicine and allied wards of a rural tertiary healthcare center in North India and antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolated MRSA strains. Many of the carriers of MRSA harbour pathogen in areas like nares, hand surfaces, axilla and are generally asymptomatic. Colonisation in healthcare workers has increased the incidence of serious nosocomial infection wherein healthcare workers act as vectors for transmission of infection in already immuno-compromised patients. The study undertaken was a cross sectional type where in nursing staff was analysed for nasal carriage of MRSA and antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA. A total of A total of 60 nursing staff members posted in medicine and allied wards were recruited in this study. A total of 34 (56.6%) were females and 26 (43.3%) were males. our study showed considerable MRSA carriage among the nurses and also reported a decreased sensitivity to commonly used drugs. Also, no resistance was detected against higher antibiotics like Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid which points to their use in eradication of infection caused by MRSA. There is a need to strictly implement and follow the hospital infection control guidelines so as to reduce the spread of MRSA to susceptible persons.
{"title":"To Study the Carriage and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of MRSA among Nursing Staff of Rural Tertiary Health Care Centre of North India","authors":"Ashiya Loomba, P. Grover, Amanjot Singh Nokwal, Bharti Arora","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10889","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is carried to determine nasal carriage of MRSA among nursing staff posted in Medicine and allied wards of a rural tertiary healthcare center in North India and antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolated MRSA strains. Many of the carriers of MRSA harbour pathogen in areas like nares, hand surfaces, axilla and are generally asymptomatic. Colonisation in healthcare workers has increased the incidence of serious nosocomial infection wherein healthcare workers act as vectors for transmission of infection in already immuno-compromised patients. The study undertaken was a cross sectional type where in nursing staff was analysed for nasal carriage of MRSA and antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA. A total of A total of 60 nursing staff members posted in medicine and allied wards were recruited in this study. A total of 34 (56.6%) were females and 26 (43.3%) were males. our study showed considerable MRSA carriage among the nurses and also reported a decreased sensitivity to commonly used drugs. Also, no resistance was detected against higher antibiotics like Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid which points to their use in eradication of infection caused by MRSA. There is a need to strictly implement and follow the hospital infection control guidelines so as to reduce the spread of MRSA to susceptible persons.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73713128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10887
M. Bashir, M. Lone, Ishtiyaq Ahmad Sofi, Shabir-Ud-Din Lone
Aim: The knowledge of blood group distribution is essential for inventory management and disease trends related to different blood groups. Besides being important in blood transfusion, ABO and Rh blood group system play an important role in forensic pathology, disease susceptibility and population genetics. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery/Bachelor of Dental Surgery) students belonging to different geographical locations in the Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India as well as the prevalence of various disorders among the students and their parents in relation to ABO and Rh blood groups. Study Design: A Comparative Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Methodology: The ABO and Rh status was determined according to the classical slide test method. The prevalence of various disorders in the students and their parents was studied by self-administered questionnaire and all the required information was collected Results: The overall prevalence of the different blood groups followed the order: O+ > A+ ≥ B+> O->AB+>B‑.The most common prevalent disorders associated with different blood groups were diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. The other less prevalent disorders associated with several blood groups were polycystic ovarian disease, gout, myopia, fatty liver, atrial septal defect, HBV infection and vitiligo. Conclusions: The results of the present and other studies indicates that if not the exact cause of disease, the individuals with different blood group antigens are susceptible to several disorders and other health problems. Further research investigations should be conducted at large scale in order to understand such possible connections between the blood groups and diseases if any such exist.
{"title":"Frequency Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group System and their Association with the Prevalence of Various Clinical Disorders among the Kashmiri Donors: “A Possible Correlation or Just Random Distribution”","authors":"M. Bashir, M. Lone, Ishtiyaq Ahmad Sofi, Shabir-Ud-Din Lone","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10887","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The knowledge of blood group distribution is essential for inventory management and disease trends related to different blood groups. Besides being important in blood transfusion, ABO and Rh blood group system play an important role in forensic pathology, disease susceptibility and population genetics. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery/Bachelor of Dental Surgery) students belonging to different geographical locations in the Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India as well as the prevalence of various disorders among the students and their parents in relation to ABO and Rh blood groups. \u0000Study Design: A Comparative Study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. \u0000Methodology: The ABO and Rh status was determined according to the classical slide test method. The prevalence of various disorders in the students and their parents was studied by self-administered questionnaire and all the required information was collected \u0000Results: The overall prevalence of the different blood groups followed the order: O+ > A+ ≥ B+> O->AB+>B‑.The most common prevalent disorders associated with different blood groups were diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. The other less prevalent disorders associated with several blood groups were polycystic ovarian disease, gout, myopia, fatty liver, atrial septal defect, HBV infection and vitiligo. \u0000Conclusions: The results of the present and other studies indicates that if not the exact cause of disease, the individuals with different blood group antigens are susceptible to several disorders and other health problems. Further research investigations should be conducted at large scale in order to understand such possible connections between the blood groups and diseases if any such exist.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"48 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82807837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-12DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10886
Abdul-Malik Abdulai
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare workers worldwide. These individuals have been on the front lines, risking their health and safety to care for patients. However, the emotional toll of the pandemic cannot be overlooked. Healthcare workers are not only dealing with the physical demands of their jobs but also the psychological stress and anxiety that comes with caring for patients during a global crisis. Effective leadership is crucial in every organization, however, some organizations such as healthcare need leaders who are capable of inspiration and psychological safety. This is because health workers endure so much stress and anxiety resulting from the concerns and empathic connection with their clients. Servant leadership, an emerging leadership style, is particularly suitable during crises, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Servant leadership is a style that focuses on serving the needs of others and prioritizing their well-being. This leadership approach is particularly suited to the healthcare industry, where the well-being of patients and staff is of utmost importance. Servant leaders create a culture of psychological safety, where healthcare workers feel supported and valued. This includes ensuring that healthcare workers have access to personal protective equipment, providing emotional support and counselling services, and recognizing and appreciating their efforts. To put the effect of servant leadership into perspective, this article highlights some effects of COVID-19 on health workers and follows up to present a view on how servant leaders would mitigate the effects on the workers. Current and future managers of the healthcare system should undertake training on servant leadership to serve the workers well for the ultimate benefit of the organization.
{"title":"The Role of Servant Leadership is Supporting the Health Workforce during COVID 19","authors":"Abdul-Malik Abdulai","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10886","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on healthcare workers worldwide. These individuals have been on the front lines, risking their health and safety to care for patients. However, the emotional toll of the pandemic cannot be overlooked. Healthcare workers are not only dealing with the physical demands of their jobs but also the psychological stress and anxiety that comes with caring for patients during a global crisis. \u0000Effective leadership is crucial in every organization, however, some organizations such as healthcare need leaders who are capable of inspiration and psychological safety. This is because health workers endure so much stress and anxiety resulting from the concerns and empathic connection with their clients. \u0000Servant leadership, an emerging leadership style, is particularly suitable during crises, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Servant leadership is a style that focuses on serving the needs of others and prioritizing their well-being. This leadership approach is particularly suited to the healthcare industry, where the well-being of patients and staff is of utmost importance. Servant leaders create a culture of psychological safety, where healthcare workers feel supported and valued. This includes ensuring that healthcare workers have access to personal protective equipment, providing emotional support and counselling services, and recognizing and appreciating their efforts. \u0000To put the effect of servant leadership into perspective, this article highlights some effects of COVID-19 on health workers and follows up to present a view on how servant leaders would mitigate the effects on the workers. Current and future managers of the healthcare system should undertake training on servant leadership to serve the workers well for the ultimate benefit of the organization.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77138697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10885
H. R. Kumar, M. Soma
Sigmoid volvulus is a common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in older patients and the diagnosis is made by clinical examination and imaging. Sigmoid volvulus can be divided into complicated or uncomplicated clinical presentation. Once the diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus is made, the treatment is initially endoscopic decompression followed by flatus tube insertion. This is followed by surgical intervention which is sigmoid colectomy followed by anastomosis. For complicated sigmoid volvulus, the Hartmann’s procedure is the most common operation. We have conducted this review article to review the current management of sigmoid volvulus.
{"title":"Sigmoid Volvulus: A Narrative Review and Current Management","authors":"H. R. Kumar, M. Soma","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10885","url":null,"abstract":"Sigmoid volvulus is a common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in older patients and the diagnosis is made by clinical examination and imaging. Sigmoid volvulus can be divided into complicated or uncomplicated clinical presentation. Once the diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus is made, the treatment is initially endoscopic decompression followed by flatus tube insertion. This is followed by surgical intervention which is sigmoid colectomy followed by anastomosis. For complicated sigmoid volvulus, the Hartmann’s procedure is the most common operation. We have conducted this review article to review the current management of sigmoid volvulus.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135442879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10884
Wael Waheed Mohamed
This literature review examines the evidence on the safety profile and effectiveness of various adjuncts, such as clonidine, fentanyl, and ketamine, in pediatric anesthesia. Several studies were reviewed to evaluate the duration and quality of analgesia provided by these adjuncts, as well as their adverse effects. The results showed that adding clonidine to bupivacaine significantly prolonged the mean duration of analgesia compared to the fentanyl and clonidine groups. Children in the clonidine group also experienced lower pain scores and required fewer rescue medications. Furthermore, clonidine exhibited a higher safety margin with a lower incidence of adverse effects, such as urinary retention and pruritus, compared to other adjuncts. Regarding comparisons between fentanyl and clonidine, intrathecal fentanyl resulted in a better hemodynamic profile but required more propofol for sedation. On the other hand, intrathecal clonidine provided a more favorable sedation level. Adverse events like respiratory obstruction and apnea were more likely associated with deep sedation caused by propofol rather than the specific properties of clonidine or fentanyl. In terms of ketamine versus clonidine, caudal blocks using ketamine were found to prolong postoperative anesthesia, particularly for lower limb and abdominal surgeries. When comparing the duration of caudal analgesia achieved by bupivacaine combined with different adjuncts, ketamine exhibited a longer duration compared to clonidine and adrenaline. However, ketamine use was found to be linked with a greater incidence of adverse effects, including urinary retention and pruritus. In conclusion, clonidine demonstrated a relatively higher safety margin with prolonged analgesic effects in pediatric anesthesia compared to fentanyl and ketamine. Its addition to local anesthetics resulted in extended analgesia duration and reduced rescue medication requirements without significant side effects. However, careful monitoring is necessary to manage potential adverse effects.
{"title":"Comparison of Ketamine, Clonidine, and Fentanyl as Anesthetics in the Pediatric Population: A Review of Literature","authors":"Wael Waheed Mohamed","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10884","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review examines the evidence on the safety profile and effectiveness of various adjuncts, such as clonidine, fentanyl, and ketamine, in pediatric anesthesia. Several studies were reviewed to evaluate the duration and quality of analgesia provided by these adjuncts, as well as their adverse effects. The results showed that adding clonidine to bupivacaine significantly prolonged the mean duration of analgesia compared to the fentanyl and clonidine groups. Children in the clonidine group also experienced lower pain scores and required fewer rescue medications. Furthermore, clonidine exhibited a higher safety margin with a lower incidence of adverse effects, such as urinary retention and pruritus, compared to other adjuncts. Regarding comparisons between fentanyl and clonidine, intrathecal fentanyl resulted in a better hemodynamic profile but required more propofol for sedation. On the other hand, intrathecal clonidine provided a more favorable sedation level. Adverse events like respiratory obstruction and apnea were more likely associated with deep sedation caused by propofol rather than the specific properties of clonidine or fentanyl. \u0000In terms of ketamine versus clonidine, caudal blocks using ketamine were found to prolong postoperative anesthesia, particularly for lower limb and abdominal surgeries. When comparing the duration of caudal analgesia achieved by bupivacaine combined with different adjuncts, ketamine exhibited a longer duration compared to clonidine and adrenaline. However, ketamine use was found to be linked with a greater incidence of adverse effects, including urinary retention and pruritus. \u0000In conclusion, clonidine demonstrated a relatively higher safety margin with prolonged analgesic effects in pediatric anesthesia compared to fentanyl and ketamine. Its addition to local anesthetics resulted in extended analgesia duration and reduced rescue medication requirements without significant side effects. However, careful monitoring is necessary to manage potential adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87517562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10883
N. Chawda, Suresh Jain, Bhagirath B. Solanki, Chetan Sonkar, Simran K. Arora, Sukruti Shah, V. Tejani, Jyot Kaur Chawla, Mukesh C. Chaudhari, Ravi Chaudhari, A. Bhattacharya
Aim and Objective: To explore risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients and assess the use of D-dimer as a first line biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the pathological and radiological characteristics of 2087 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in PSH, Vadodara, Gujarat, from March 2021 to July 2022. Graphically, MS-Excel with median values were used. Correlations of D-dimer upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analysed accordingly. Data were collected in MS-Excel with median values. Results: 2087 patients having positive RT-PCR and confirm diagnosis of Covid-19 were included upon hospital admission. Whereas, 65.78% (n= 1373) were male and 34.21% (n= 714) were female. Mean age was 52± 4 year. D-dimer level > 250 ng/mL at the time of hospital admission was the only fluctuating value accompanying with increased mortality [(95% CI), P = 0.025]. D-dimer elevation (≥250 ng/mL) was seen in 81.31% patients. Pericardial effusion and Deep vein thrombosis were ruled out in probability of thrombosis based on 2-D echo, X-ray chest and USG. This recommend that hyper-coagulopathy of the fibrin plays a significant role in the occurrence of thromboembolic complications with COVID-19 patients. D-dimer levels was crucially escalated with increasing severity of COVID-19 as determined by clinical improvement (within 5 days of hospital stay) and chest CT staging (CO-RADS score out of 25, P = 0.000). 319 patient were died during above said period and overall in-hospital mortality rate was 15.28%. Additionally, 6.08 % (n=127) patient were on BIPEP and all are died with 100% death ratio. Median D-dimer level in non-survivors (15.29%) was significantly higher than in survivors (84.71%, n = 1768, RR 24.69%). Median elevated D-dimer level was 600.5 ng/ml. Furthermore, the disease activity were higher in the overhead D-dimer level group demonstrated to have anticipating value in differentiating disease severity along with high ESR level and hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level was also upraised indicated seriousness of disease. Conclusion: We concluded that D-dimer level was routinely uplifted in patients with COVID-19 disease. D-dimer levels match up with severity of the disease and are a significant definitive prognostic first line marker for in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, a significant association between the high D-dimer level and severity of COVID-19 disease was noted among comorbid patients. Additionally, raced D-dimer level demonstrated with high ESR level and hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level indicated seriousness of disease in comorbid patients.
{"title":"D-Dimer: A Primer Biomarker in COVID-19","authors":"N. Chawda, Suresh Jain, Bhagirath B. Solanki, Chetan Sonkar, Simran K. Arora, Sukruti Shah, V. Tejani, Jyot Kaur Chawla, Mukesh C. Chaudhari, Ravi Chaudhari, A. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10883","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objective: To explore risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients and assess the use of D-dimer as a first line biomarker for disease severity and clinical outcome. \u0000Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the pathological and radiological characteristics of 2087 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in PSH, Vadodara, Gujarat, from March 2021 to July 2022. Graphically, MS-Excel with median values were used. Correlations of D-dimer upon admission with disease severity and in-hospital mortality were analysed accordingly. Data were collected in MS-Excel with median values. \u0000Results: 2087 patients having positive RT-PCR and confirm diagnosis of Covid-19 were included upon hospital admission. Whereas, 65.78% (n= 1373) were male and 34.21% (n= 714) were female. Mean age was 52± 4 year. D-dimer level > 250 ng/mL at the time of hospital admission was the only fluctuating value accompanying with increased mortality [(95% CI), P = 0.025]. D-dimer elevation (≥250 ng/mL) was seen in 81.31% patients. Pericardial effusion and Deep vein thrombosis were ruled out in probability of thrombosis based on 2-D echo, X-ray chest and USG. This recommend that hyper-coagulopathy of the fibrin plays a significant role in the occurrence of thromboembolic complications with COVID-19 patients. D-dimer levels was crucially escalated with increasing severity of COVID-19 as determined by clinical improvement (within 5 days of hospital stay) and chest CT staging (CO-RADS score out of 25, P = 0.000). 319 patient were died during above said period and overall in-hospital mortality rate was 15.28%. Additionally, 6.08 % (n=127) patient were on BIPEP and all are died with 100% death ratio. Median D-dimer level in non-survivors (15.29%) was significantly higher than in survivors (84.71%, n = 1768, RR 24.69%). Median elevated D-dimer level was 600.5 ng/ml. Furthermore, the disease activity were higher in the overhead D-dimer level group demonstrated to have anticipating value in differentiating disease severity along with high ESR level and hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level was also upraised indicated seriousness of disease. \u0000Conclusion: We concluded that D-dimer level was routinely uplifted in patients with COVID-19 disease. D-dimer levels match up with severity of the disease and are a significant definitive prognostic first line marker for in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, a significant association between the high D-dimer level and severity of COVID-19 disease was noted among comorbid patients. Additionally, raced D-dimer level demonstrated with high ESR level and hs-CRP and the fibrinogen level indicated seriousness of disease in comorbid patients.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74180250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diarrhea is defecation with excrete, liquid, or semi-liquid (semi-solid); the water content of stools is more than normal, more than 200 g or 200 ml / 24 hours. Another definition using frequency criteria, the definition is watery stools more than three times per day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that is less than 14 days. The cause of diarrhea may include infection, food poisoning, and allergies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between daily food hygiene and acute diarrhea in Medical Students of UKI who live at boarding house. This type of research is analytic - cross-sectional. The population in this study is the student of the medical students of UKI. Determination of the sample in this study was done by probability sampling by using simple random sampling; a total of 100 boarding students living around the UKI were sampled. This study showed that of the 100 students living in boarding houses, 70 had suffered from diarrhea, and the other 30 had never experienced diarrhea. Of 100 students who assessed where they obtained food in a clean state, 26 people assessed the state where they obtained food less clean than 70 people, and the remaining four rated not clean. It is concluded that there is no relationship between everyday food hygiene with acute diarrhea in Medical Students of UKI who live at boarding house.
{"title":"Daily Food Hygiene Relationship with Acute Diarrhea among Medical Students of UKI","authors":"Wiradi Suryanegara, Christine Handayani Tampubolon, Randolph Serep Marantuan","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10882","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhea is defecation with excrete, liquid, or semi-liquid (semi-solid); the water content of stools is more than normal, more than 200 g or 200 ml / 24 hours. Another definition using frequency criteria, the definition is watery stools more than three times per day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that is less than 14 days. The cause of diarrhea may include infection, food poisoning, and allergies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between daily food hygiene and acute diarrhea in Medical Students of UKI who live at boarding house. This type of research is analytic - cross-sectional. The population in this study is the student of the medical students of UKI. Determination of the sample in this study was done by probability sampling by using simple random sampling; a total of 100 boarding students living around the UKI were sampled. This study showed that of the 100 students living in boarding houses, 70 had suffered from diarrhea, and the other 30 had never experienced diarrhea. Of 100 students who assessed where they obtained food in a clean state, 26 people assessed the state where they obtained food less clean than 70 people, and the remaining four rated not clean. It is concluded that there is no relationship between everyday food hygiene with acute diarrhea in Medical Students of UKI who live at boarding house.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83540761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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