Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11924
None Bello A., None Usman J. D.
Introduction: Studies on the role of pelvimetry in predicting the mode of delivery have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to determine utility of the mid-pelvic measurement in predicting the mode of delivery in a cohort of women attempting vaginal delivery.
Study Design and Methods: With this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the use of x-ray in predicting the delivery outcome of women attempting to deliver vaginally. Women were recruited before labor at >36 weeks gestational age and X-ray pelvimetry was performed after delivery. The exposures of interest were mid pelvic measures including anteroposterior diameters, transverse diameters and circumferences. The outcome measures were whether the women delivered via vaginal route or had cesarean delivery. We estimated the distribution and calculated measures of central tendency and spread of each pelvic dimension. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to estimate the overall predictive ability for each pelvic dimension and the optimal cut-point was estimated using the method of Liu. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for mode of delivery. The Hosmer – Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to estimate the overall fit while the AUC was used to estimate the overall prediction of the final model.
Results: A total of 426 women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at delivery was 40 (±6.0) weeks and the majority were black parturient (62.6%0. A slight majority were nulliparous (52.1%). In all, 127 women (29.8%) were delivered by cesarean delivery. All the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic dimensions were approximately normally distributed. The AUC ranged from 0.62 to 0.86. While the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic diameters had equivalent AUC, the optimal cut-point of the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter (10.8cm) had both higher sensitivity and specificity than the pelvic inlet anteroposterior diameter (10.2cm) (95% and 85% versus 90% and 80%, respectively). There was an inverse relationship between the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter and mode of delivery by cesarean section, with a 100% risk among women with a diameter of 9cm or less. However, the multivariable model developed had an AUC of 0.90, indicating overall good and higher predictive ability than the mid-pelvic anteroposterior diameter alone.
Conclusions: In this large cohort study, the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter best predicted mode of delivery by cesarean section.
{"title":"The Utility of Mid-Pelvic Dimensions Via Plain Radiography in Predicting Cesarean Delivery","authors":"None Bello A., None Usman J. D.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11924","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies on the role of pelvimetry in predicting the mode of delivery have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to determine utility of the mid-pelvic measurement in predicting the mode of delivery in a cohort of women attempting vaginal delivery.
 Study Design and Methods: With this prospective cohort study, we evaluated the use of x-ray in predicting the delivery outcome of women attempting to deliver vaginally. Women were recruited before labor at >36 weeks gestational age and X-ray pelvimetry was performed after delivery. The exposures of interest were mid pelvic measures including anteroposterior diameters, transverse diameters and circumferences. The outcome measures were whether the women delivered via vaginal route or had cesarean delivery. We estimated the distribution and calculated measures of central tendency and spread of each pelvic dimension. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to estimate the overall predictive ability for each pelvic dimension and the optimal cut-point was estimated using the method of Liu. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for mode of delivery. The Hosmer – Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to estimate the overall fit while the AUC was used to estimate the overall prediction of the final model.
 Results: A total of 426 women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at delivery was 40 (±6.0) weeks and the majority were black parturient (62.6%0. A slight majority were nulliparous (52.1%). In all, 127 women (29.8%) were delivered by cesarean delivery. All the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic dimensions were approximately normally distributed. The AUC ranged from 0.62 to 0.86. While the pelvic inlet and mid pelvic diameters had equivalent AUC, the optimal cut-point of the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter (10.8cm) had both higher sensitivity and specificity than the pelvic inlet anteroposterior diameter (10.2cm) (95% and 85% versus 90% and 80%, respectively). There was an inverse relationship between the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter and mode of delivery by cesarean section, with a 100% risk among women with a diameter of 9cm or less. However, the multivariable model developed had an AUC of 0.90, indicating overall good and higher predictive ability than the mid-pelvic anteroposterior diameter alone.
 Conclusions: In this large cohort study, the mid pelvic anteroposterior diameter best predicted mode of delivery by cesarean section.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11922
Ruben Borja Villa, Jose Patricio Martinez Rivera, Agustin Parra Macias, Antonio Ivan Ortiz Calderon
This study aims to analyze the relevance of radiology in the diagnosis of Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS), a rare case of acute adrenal insufficiency secondary to hemorrhage. WFS is an extremely rare and serious medical condition, characterized by acute adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Studies have shown that imaging tools such as CT and MRI play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of WFS by visualizing bleeding in the adrenal glands. There in not a exact prevalence because of the low presentation of the disease. We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient, previously healthy, who presented symptoms 72 hours before hospital admission and subsequently had severe hemodynamic deterioration. A CT scan is performed and found bleeding in the adrenal gland, free fluid in the left retroperitoneum and important retroperitoneal hemorrhage and her health progressively worsening. She being in charge of the internal medicine service.
{"title":"Impact of Radiology on the Early Identification of Waterhouse-friderichsen Syndrome: A Case Study","authors":"Ruben Borja Villa, Jose Patricio Martinez Rivera, Agustin Parra Macias, Antonio Ivan Ortiz Calderon","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11922","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the relevance of radiology in the diagnosis of Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS), a rare case of acute adrenal insufficiency secondary to hemorrhage. WFS is an extremely rare and serious medical condition, characterized by acute adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Studies have shown that imaging tools such as CT and MRI play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of WFS by visualizing bleeding in the adrenal glands. There in not a exact prevalence because of the low presentation of the disease. We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient, previously healthy, who presented symptoms 72 hours before hospital admission and subsequently had severe hemodynamic deterioration. A CT scan is performed and found bleeding in the adrenal gland, free fluid in the left retroperitoneum and important retroperitoneal hemorrhage and her health progressively worsening. She being in charge of the internal medicine service.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11921
Laith Mahmood Attallah, Saud Salim Bakir, Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and Paranasal sinuses for at least 12 consecutive weeks. It is a common clinical problem that has a significant impact on quality of life. CT-scan has become the modality of choice for assessment of CRS and Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique and the surgical management of choice for chronic rhinosinusitis.
The Aim of this Study: To verify the agreement and associations between preoperative CT-scan and intraoperative ESS findings in patients with CRS and to evaluate the types and frequency of anatomical variants in the nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses as well as their clinical correlations in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Patients and Methods: This study is experimental study in which 50 subjects were collected by simple randomization technique as they visited our department in a period from January to December 2015. All the participants were guided to conduct a coronal, axial, and sagittal CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The anatomical variations and mucosal abnormalities on CT Scan & ESS were studied and analyzed.
Results: Septal deviation is the most common anatomical abnormality, 37(74%) of the participants have these abnormalities. The presence of agar nasi cells 34(68%), and chonca bullosa 28(56%) are the second and third most common anatomical variants found on CT-scan images. There is a high level of agreement between both the diagnostic tools at the high numbers of both positive and negative results for each abnormal finding.
Conclusions: There was a good correlation between CT and ESS findings and there was a slight difference between the diagnostic characteristics of these different tools.
{"title":"Comparison between CT-Scan Finding and Operative Finding of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery","authors":"Laith Mahmood Attallah, Saud Salim Bakir, Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11921","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and Paranasal sinuses for at least 12 consecutive weeks. It is a common clinical problem that has a significant impact on quality of life. CT-scan has become the modality of choice for assessment of CRS and Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique and the surgical management of choice for chronic rhinosinusitis.
 The Aim of this Study: To verify the agreement and associations between preoperative CT-scan and intraoperative ESS findings in patients with CRS and to evaluate the types and frequency of anatomical variants in the nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses as well as their clinical correlations in chronic rhinosinusitis.
 Patients and Methods: This study is experimental study in which 50 subjects were collected by simple randomization technique as they visited our department in a period from January to December 2015. All the participants were guided to conduct a coronal, axial, and sagittal CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The anatomical variations and mucosal abnormalities on CT Scan & ESS were studied and analyzed.
 Results: Septal deviation is the most common anatomical abnormality, 37(74%) of the participants have these abnormalities. The presence of agar nasi cells 34(68%), and chonca bullosa 28(56%) are the second and third most common anatomical variants found on CT-scan images. There is a high level of agreement between both the diagnostic tools at the high numbers of both positive and negative results for each abnormal finding.
 Conclusions: There was a good correlation between CT and ESS findings and there was a slight difference between the diagnostic characteristics of these different tools.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11920
W. A. Shokunbi, O. W. Aworanti, P. O. Olatunji, M. D. Dairo, E. S. Fakunle, O. T. Ojo, Saleh Yuguda, Leke Ibijola, Kapona Iwara, C. I. Ajuba, F. A. Fehintola
Introduction: Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that affects predominantly male because it is an X chromosome linked disorder. The severity of the disease is determined by the percentage of Factors VIII and IX activity in the individuals with Haemophilia.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of haemophilia care in the southwestern part of Nigeria. This forms part of a nationwide survey in 2016, focusing especially on whether or not physicians in specific hospitals in the states in south west had ever managed a haemophiliac.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire titled “Survey on Haemophilia Care in Nigeria” was developed for physicians in order to assess their experience on Haemophilia care in Nigeria. The responses from the Doctors were entered into SPSS (version 23) using the Data Dictionary (on survey of haemophilia) coded table prepared along with the questionnaire.
Results: The self-administered questionnaires were retrieved from 215 physicians in south west, Nigeria. Most of the respondents are from Oyo state, no respondent from both Osun and Ondo states. Also, about two-thirds of the respondents work in a teaching hospital, with majority having Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) as the highest qualification.
Conclusion: The care of haemophiliacs in the south western part of Nigeria needs to be standardized as the study showed that most physicians have no contact with Haemophiliacs.
{"title":"Physicians’ Response on Haemophilia Care in South Western Nigeria","authors":"W. A. Shokunbi, O. W. Aworanti, P. O. Olatunji, M. D. Dairo, E. S. Fakunle, O. T. Ojo, Saleh Yuguda, Leke Ibijola, Kapona Iwara, C. I. Ajuba, F. A. Fehintola","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11920","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that affects predominantly male because it is an X chromosome linked disorder. The severity of the disease is determined by the percentage of Factors VIII and IX activity in the individuals with Haemophilia.
 Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the extent of haemophilia care in the southwestern part of Nigeria. This forms part of a nationwide survey in 2016, focusing especially on whether or not physicians in specific hospitals in the states in south west had ever managed a haemophiliac.
 Methods: A self-administered questionnaire titled “Survey on Haemophilia Care in Nigeria” was developed for physicians in order to assess their experience on Haemophilia care in Nigeria. The responses from the Doctors were entered into SPSS (version 23) using the Data Dictionary (on survey of haemophilia) coded table prepared along with the questionnaire.
 Results: The self-administered questionnaires were retrieved from 215 physicians in south west, Nigeria. Most of the respondents are from Oyo state, no respondent from both Osun and Ondo states. Also, about two-thirds of the respondents work in a teaching hospital, with majority having Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) as the highest qualification.
 Conclusion: The care of haemophiliacs in the south western part of Nigeria needs to be standardized as the study showed that most physicians have no contact with Haemophiliacs.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136155446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11919
Adedamola O. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, Chukwudi O. Onyeaso
Background/Aim: There is limited research on bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (bystander CPR) involving athletes globally and in the Nigerian context specifically. The impact of age and gender of individuals on the knowledge of bystander CPR and attitude towards it is variable. This study aimed at assessing the associations of age, gender and years of experience as athletes with knowledge and attitude towards bystander CPR.
Methods: A national cross sectional study of Nigerian athletes covering 25 different sports was carried out. Four hundred and nineteen (419) athletes comprising 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD) filled and returned the questionnaire that tested the associations of the participants’ age, gender and years of experience as athletes with their knowledge of bystander CPR and their attitude towards this life-saving procedure. In addition to descriptive statistics, the associations of their age, gender and years of experience as athletes with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude were tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the significance level was set P < .05.
Results: Age of the athletes did not have any statistically significant associations with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards it (P > .05). Male or female gender did not give any statistically significant associations with their knowledge of and attitude towards bystander CPR (P > .05), as well as their years of experience as athletes with bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards the procedure (P > .05).
Conclusion: Neither age, gender nor years of experience as athletes of the participants gave any statistically significant associations with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards this life-saving procedure.
{"title":"Demographic Factors and Bystander CPR in Nigerian Athletes","authors":"Adedamola O. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, Chukwudi O. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11919","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aim: There is limited research on bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (bystander CPR) involving athletes globally and in the Nigerian context specifically. The impact of age and gender of individuals on the knowledge of bystander CPR and attitude towards it is variable. This study aimed at assessing the associations of age, gender and years of experience as athletes with knowledge and attitude towards bystander CPR.
 Methods: A national cross sectional study of Nigerian athletes covering 25 different sports was carried out. Four hundred and nineteen (419) athletes comprising 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD) filled and returned the questionnaire that tested the associations of the participants’ age, gender and years of experience as athletes with their knowledge of bystander CPR and their attitude towards this life-saving procedure. In addition to descriptive statistics, the associations of their age, gender and years of experience as athletes with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude were tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), while the significance level was set P < .05.
 Results: Age of the athletes did not have any statistically significant associations with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards it (P > .05). Male or female gender did not give any statistically significant associations with their knowledge of and attitude towards bystander CPR (P > .05), as well as their years of experience as athletes with bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards the procedure (P > .05).
 Conclusion: Neither age, gender nor years of experience as athletes of the participants gave any statistically significant associations with their bystander CPR knowledge and attitude towards this life-saving procedure.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11918
Emily Milla-Amekor, Ebenezer Ato Ewusie
The persistent issue of non-adherence to medications in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has far-reaching implications, affecting not only the health outcomes for individual patients but also exacerbating the overall financial burden of healthcare systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of a spectrum of factors that influence adherence to diabetic medications, thus extending the discourse beyond a mere attribution of responsibility to patients. In particular, the study looks at how factors like BMI, disease knowledge, treatment worries, and self-efficacy are linked to non-adherence.
The review substantiates that deficits in disease-specific knowledge and lower levels of self-efficacy are significantly correlated with medication non-adherence. Concurrently, elevated BMI values and apprehensions regarding treatment were also found to have an adverse effect on adherence, although the magnitude of their influence was comparatively less pronounced. Consequently, the incorporation of these identified variables into customised treatment regimens is strongly advocated. Interventional strategies, such as educational modules designed to enhance the understanding of the disease, coupled with psychological support mechanisms aimed at elevating self-efficacy, emerged as viable solutions to the persistent issue of medication non-adherence. Moreover, pre-emptively addressing concerns related to treatment options and accounting for BMI when prescribing medications offer additional pathways to improve medication compliance rates.
The paper reinforces the imperative for a multidimensional patient-centered healthcare model. By meticulously identifying and addressing the multifaceted factors that contribute to medication non-adherence, healthcare practitioners could optimise health outcomes, mitigate complications, and thus effectuate substantial reductions in healthcare costs associated with type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Patient-Related Factors Affecting Type 2 Diabetes Medication Non-Adherence: A Comprehensive Review of BMI, Knowledge Levels, Treatment Concerns, and Self-Efficacy","authors":"Emily Milla-Amekor, Ebenezer Ato Ewusie","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11918","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent issue of non-adherence to medications in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has far-reaching implications, affecting not only the health outcomes for individual patients but also exacerbating the overall financial burden of healthcare systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of a spectrum of factors that influence adherence to diabetic medications, thus extending the discourse beyond a mere attribution of responsibility to patients. In particular, the study looks at how factors like BMI, disease knowledge, treatment worries, and self-efficacy are linked to non-adherence.
 The review substantiates that deficits in disease-specific knowledge and lower levels of self-efficacy are significantly correlated with medication non-adherence. Concurrently, elevated BMI values and apprehensions regarding treatment were also found to have an adverse effect on adherence, although the magnitude of their influence was comparatively less pronounced. Consequently, the incorporation of these identified variables into customised treatment regimens is strongly advocated. Interventional strategies, such as educational modules designed to enhance the understanding of the disease, coupled with psychological support mechanisms aimed at elevating self-efficacy, emerged as viable solutions to the persistent issue of medication non-adherence. Moreover, pre-emptively addressing concerns related to treatment options and accounting for BMI when prescribing medications offer additional pathways to improve medication compliance rates.
 The paper reinforces the imperative for a multidimensional patient-centered healthcare model. By meticulously identifying and addressing the multifaceted factors that contribute to medication non-adherence, healthcare practitioners could optimise health outcomes, mitigate complications, and thus effectuate substantial reductions in healthcare costs associated with type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11917
Saud Salim Bakir, Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha, Laith Mahmood Attallah
Background: Acute recurrent tonsillitis is a common problem worldwide and tonsillectomy is the preferable treatment for patients not responding to medical treatment. Many patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis and increased antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers are caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillitis, which can lead to serious side effects such rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis.
Aim: To assess the consequence of tonsillectomy on ASO titer.
Patients and Method: This prospective study was conducted to analyze the consequence of tonsillectomy on 43 patients with raised antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer out of 220 patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis, for the period from October 2015 to October 2016 at Otolaryngology department, Tertiary referring hospital at Erbil, Kurdistan/Iraq. Their Demographic characteristics, medical, drug and family history and disease extent were analyzed. Postoperative follow up were processed.
Results: The study included 43 patients between 3 to 16 years suffering from acute recurrent tonsillitis, elevated ASO titer (≥200 IU/ml) and positive throat swab for GABHS were included in the study. Six months postoperatively had been shown that there is a significant reduction in ASO titer in comparison to preoperative measures (p < 0.001) and this is also applicable to the number of sore throat episodes.
Conclusion: The main conclusion from this study is significant effect of tonsillectomy on decreasing ASO titer which reveals the reduction in postoperative GABHS throat infection, this supported by reduction of postoperative sore throat episodes.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Tonsillectomy on Antistreptolysin O (ASO) Titer","authors":"Saud Salim Bakir, Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha, Laith Mahmood Attallah","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute recurrent tonsillitis is a common problem worldwide and tonsillectomy is the preferable treatment for patients not responding to medical treatment. Many patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis and increased antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers are caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillitis, which can lead to serious side effects such rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. 
 Aim: To assess the consequence of tonsillectomy on ASO titer.
 Patients and Method: This prospective study was conducted to analyze the consequence of tonsillectomy on 43 patients with raised antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer out of 220 patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis, for the period from October 2015 to October 2016 at Otolaryngology department, Tertiary referring hospital at Erbil, Kurdistan/Iraq. Their Demographic characteristics, medical, drug and family history and disease extent were analyzed. Postoperative follow up were processed.
 Results: The study included 43 patients between 3 to 16 years suffering from acute recurrent tonsillitis, elevated ASO titer (≥200 IU/ml) and positive throat swab for GABHS were included in the study. Six months postoperatively had been shown that there is a significant reduction in ASO titer in comparison to preoperative measures (p < 0.001) and this is also applicable to the number of sore throat episodes.
 Conclusion: The main conclusion from this study is significant effect of tonsillectomy on decreasing ASO titer which reveals the reduction in postoperative GABHS throat infection, this supported by reduction of postoperative sore throat episodes.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a claim that using medicinal plants carelessly can be dangerous. The consequences of consuming numerous of these plants over time on the brain have remained a mystery. Alfavaca is one of such numerous herbs commonly used in Nigeria. This research was done to find out how Alfavaca leaf extract affected the hippocampus of wistar rats that had been exposed to lead acetate. There were five (5) groups of twenty-five (25) Wistar rats, each with five (5) rats. Group one (1) is a control group that merely received water and a typical rat meal, the experimental group consisted of Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. These groups received aqueous Alfavaca leaf extract at a dose of 252.98 mg/kg/day for 35 days, 180 mg/kg of lead acetate for 21 days, 126.49 mg/kg bwt of Alfavaca leaf extract for 21 days, and 180 mg/kg of lead acetate for 21 days with a dose of 252.98 mg/kg bwt for 35 days, respectively. Rats were euthanized after the treatment period. For the collected brain tissue, the hippocampus, histological, biochemical, and stereological tests were also carried out. Malonaldehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, and Catalase levels in the hippocampus decreased significantly when compared to control (group I), indicating that the regeneration of injured glia cells (Gliosis) was fairly evenly distributed throughout groups. The current study's findings further imply that alfavaca extract is a potent positive attenuator of the histo-architectural framework of a degenerating brain tissue. Similar studies on other areas of the brain are highly recommended.
{"title":"Alfavaca Aqueous Leaf Extract Protective and Ameliorative Effects on Lead Induced Hippocampus in Wistar Rats","authors":"Onoriode Andrew Udi, Trust Azubike Ijeomah, Lucky Omamuzo Ogagayere, Godswill Ogheneyebrorue Okoro","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11914","url":null,"abstract":"There is a claim that using medicinal plants carelessly can be dangerous. The consequences of consuming numerous of these plants over time on the brain have remained a mystery. Alfavaca is one of such numerous herbs commonly used in Nigeria. This research was done to find out how Alfavaca leaf extract affected the hippocampus of wistar rats that had been exposed to lead acetate. There were five (5) groups of twenty-five (25) Wistar rats, each with five (5) rats. Group one (1) is a control group that merely received water and a typical rat meal, the experimental group consisted of Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. These groups received aqueous Alfavaca leaf extract at a dose of 252.98 mg/kg/day for 35 days, 180 mg/kg of lead acetate for 21 days, 126.49 mg/kg bwt of Alfavaca leaf extract for 21 days, and 180 mg/kg of lead acetate for 21 days with a dose of 252.98 mg/kg bwt for 35 days, respectively. Rats were euthanized after the treatment period. For the collected brain tissue, the hippocampus, histological, biochemical, and stereological tests were also carried out. Malonaldehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, and Catalase levels in the hippocampus decreased significantly when compared to control (group I), indicating that the regeneration of injured glia cells (Gliosis) was fairly evenly distributed throughout groups. The current study's findings further imply that alfavaca extract is a potent positive attenuator of the histo-architectural framework of a degenerating brain tissue. Similar studies on other areas of the brain are highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11916
F. U. Ukodei, N. K. Nnamah, A. J. Onuegbu, I. C. Nwako, A. C. Ihim, J. C. Nnamdi, N.J. Nnodiogu, L.U. Ugwu, B. Ekeh
Background: Abnormal thyroid function tests have been detected at various phases in people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) not well understood. However, there is insufficient study among Nigerians living with HIV.
Objective: This study is aimed to determine thyroid hormones in HIV positive individuals compared with HIV negative individuals in Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of six months among 95 HIV positive and 30 HIV negative individuals attending USAID/FHI clinic of Immaculate Heart Hospital in Umunze, Nigeria. The subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of HAART (those on HAART [48] – GROUP 1, HAART naïve [47] – GROUP 2 and Control [30] – GROUP 3). The subjects were interviewed, examined and blood sample collected for determination of thyroid function parameters which include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroxine (T4).
Results: Among the 125 subjects recruited for the study 67.2% were females and 32.8% males. The mean levels of TSH and fT3 was found to be higher in group 1 subjects than in group 2 and the group 3 subjects. The mean level of T4 was significantly higher in group 2 subjects than group 1 and the group 3 subjects. The level of T3 was significantly lower in control subjects in comparison to both HAART and non-HAART subjects. Primary hypothyroidism is the commonest pattern of thyroid dysfunction among the HIV positive patients followed by isolated low fT4.
Conclusion: Serum levels of thyroid hormones as shown in this study may be used as baseline periodic markers during antiretroviral therapy while people living with HIV may benefit from supplementation if appropriate. There is also need for a larger study to identify the risk factors for progression to overt thyroid disease in HIV infected subjects with thyroid autoimmunity.
{"title":"Evaluation of Thyroid Function of HIV Patients in Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"F. U. Ukodei, N. K. Nnamah, A. J. Onuegbu, I. C. Nwako, A. C. Ihim, J. C. Nnamdi, N.J. Nnodiogu, L.U. Ugwu, B. Ekeh","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11916","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abnormal thyroid function tests have been detected at various phases in people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) not well understood. However, there is insufficient study among Nigerians living with HIV.
 Objective: This study is aimed to determine thyroid hormones in HIV positive individuals compared with HIV negative individuals in Umunze, Anambra State, Nigeria.
 Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of six months among 95 HIV positive and 30 HIV negative individuals attending USAID/FHI clinic of Immaculate Heart Hospital in Umunze, Nigeria. The subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of HAART (those on HAART [48] – GROUP 1, HAART naïve [47] – GROUP 2 and Control [30] – GROUP 3). The subjects were interviewed, examined and blood sample collected for determination of thyroid function parameters which include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroxine (T4).
 Results: Among the 125 subjects recruited for the study 67.2% were females and 32.8% males. The mean levels of TSH and fT3 was found to be higher in group 1 subjects than in group 2 and the group 3 subjects. The mean level of T4 was significantly higher in group 2 subjects than group 1 and the group 3 subjects. The level of T3 was significantly lower in control subjects in comparison to both HAART and non-HAART subjects. Primary hypothyroidism is the commonest pattern of thyroid dysfunction among the HIV positive patients followed by isolated low fT4.
 Conclusion: Serum levels of thyroid hormones as shown in this study may be used as baseline periodic markers during antiretroviral therapy while people living with HIV may benefit from supplementation if appropriate. There is also need for a larger study to identify the risk factors for progression to overt thyroid disease in HIV infected subjects with thyroid autoimmunity.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11915
Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha, Laith Mahmood Attallah, Saud Salim Bakir
Background: Since ancient times, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has been a significant contributor to middle ear illness. Antibiotics have been extremely helpful, but (CSOM) is still a frequent condition, and its consequences present a challenge to both otologists and radiologists. Due to the intricate anatomical nature of the middle ear and inner ear, radiological assessment of the temporal bone is challenging.
Aim of the Study: To compare between preoperative CT scan findings of the temporal bone with the operative findings in patients with CSOM undergoing tympanomastoidectomy.
Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional prospective has been adopted and 35 patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media were admitted at the Department of Otolaryngology/ Alsulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Zhian Hospital during the period from February to December 2015. A detailed history and careful physical examination, clinical tests revealed that all of the patients had Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, typically with discharge from the ear and hearing loss. Each patient had their clinical history collected, and they all underwent a thorough ear, nose, and throat examination as well as an attentive otoscopic and microscopic ear examination. Additionally, all patients underwent an audiological evaluation that included pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, and HRCT.
Results: Thirty -five patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 33 years; 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females. The most common presenting symptom was aural discharge in 71.4%; the second one was hearing loss in 28.6%. Mastoid pneumatization was found in 82.9% by CT while by surgery, it was found in 17.1%. CT findings showed that middle ear involvement in 11.4%, mastoid involvement in 11.4%, mastoid with middle ear involvement in 54.3%, and EAC, mastoid, and middle ear involvement in 17.1%. While the surgical findings showed middle ear disease in 20%, mastoid involvement in 11.4%, mastoid with middle ear involvement in 57.1%, and EAC, mastoid and middle ear involvement in 11.4%. The CT findings for eroded Malleus, Incus integrity, and stapes in 31.4%, 37.1%, not visualized while surgical findings showed eroded Malleus, Incus, and stapes integrity that 28.6%, 54.3%, and 28.6% respectively. The CT findings for an eroded facial canal, the lateral semicircular canal, the posterior external auditory canal wall, and sigmoid sinus plate integrity were 12.4%, 8.6%, 22.9%, and 11.4% in that order, while the surgical findings of the eroded facial canal, the lateral semicircular canal, and the posterior external auditory canal wall were found in 20.0%, 5.7%, 17.1%, and 14.2% respectively. Both CT and surgical findings of Integrity of the tegmen showed that 32 patients (91.4%) were found to have intact tegmen, and 3 patients (8.6%) had eroded tegmen and both showed that the eroded scutum found in 25.7%.
Conc
{"title":"Comparison of Preoperative Computerized Tomograghic Scan of Temporal Bone Findings with Intra Operative Findings in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media Undergoing Tympanomastoidectomy: A Descriptive Study","authors":"Mohammed Zaki Salim Abdulridha, Laith Mahmood Attallah, Saud Salim Bakir","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11915","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since ancient times, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has been a significant contributor to middle ear illness. Antibiotics have been extremely helpful, but (CSOM) is still a frequent condition, and its consequences present a challenge to both otologists and radiologists. Due to the intricate anatomical nature of the middle ear and inner ear, radiological assessment of the temporal bone is challenging.
 Aim of the Study: To compare between preoperative CT scan findings of the temporal bone with the operative findings in patients with CSOM undergoing tympanomastoidectomy.
 Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional prospective has been adopted and 35 patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media were admitted at the Department of Otolaryngology/ Alsulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Zhian Hospital during the period from February to December 2015. A detailed history and careful physical examination, clinical tests revealed that all of the patients had Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, typically with discharge from the ear and hearing loss. Each patient had their clinical history collected, and they all underwent a thorough ear, nose, and throat examination as well as an attentive otoscopic and microscopic ear examination. Additionally, all patients underwent an audiological evaluation that included pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, and HRCT.
 Results: Thirty -five patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 33 years; 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females. The most common presenting symptom was aural discharge in 71.4%; the second one was hearing loss in 28.6%. Mastoid pneumatization was found in 82.9% by CT while by surgery, it was found in 17.1%. CT findings showed that middle ear involvement in 11.4%, mastoid involvement in 11.4%, mastoid with middle ear involvement in 54.3%, and EAC, mastoid, and middle ear involvement in 17.1%. While the surgical findings showed middle ear disease in 20%, mastoid involvement in 11.4%, mastoid with middle ear involvement in 57.1%, and EAC, mastoid and middle ear involvement in 11.4%. The CT findings for eroded Malleus, Incus integrity, and stapes in 31.4%, 37.1%, not visualized while surgical findings showed eroded Malleus, Incus, and stapes integrity that 28.6%, 54.3%, and 28.6% respectively. The CT findings for an eroded facial canal, the lateral semicircular canal, the posterior external auditory canal wall, and sigmoid sinus plate integrity were 12.4%, 8.6%, 22.9%, and 11.4% in that order, while the surgical findings of the eroded facial canal, the lateral semicircular canal, and the posterior external auditory canal wall were found in 20.0%, 5.7%, 17.1%, and 14.2% respectively. Both CT and surgical findings of Integrity of the tegmen showed that 32 patients (91.4%) were found to have intact tegmen, and 3 patients (8.6%) had eroded tegmen and both showed that the eroded scutum found in 25.7%.
 Conc","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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