Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10901
Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, Ida Bagus Made Suryatika, G. N. Sutapa
Aims: Slice thickness variation analysis on spatial resolution on CT-scan images by determining CNR and SNR values, by making ROI on object and background images. ROI size of objects and backgrounds can be observed with several criteria based on the provisions of the ACR program, so that optimization of CT-Scan image quality can be achieved. Place and Duration of Study: The Radiology Installation in Bali Mandara Hospital, between 23 March to 20 May 2022. Methodology: Data collection begins with preparing the equipment used, namely CT-Scan, head holder, phantom, and computer. After that, the head holder is placed in the middle of the gantry and then the phantom is placed with the guidance of the laser beam (alignment system). Set the axial beam on the vertical line of section 1 and then set the coronal beam on the horizontal line of section 2. After that, setting the type of examination using the adult head protocol and setting the scan parameters to 80 kV, 100 mAs, and slice thicknesses 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 mm. After the preparation is done then the next exposure to the phantom. Then the research data in the form of phantom images will be seen as a whole to program on the computer monitor. Measurements were made 5 times for each slice thickness. Next is to analyze the CNR of digital phantom image data on a computer. So that it can be determined object ROI, background ROI, object mean, background mean, and standard deviation of the background. Results: The results showed that the thicker the Slice Thickness, the higher the CNR and SNR values. The highest CNR value occurred in air medium (13.70) and the lowest occurred in Nylon (0.86). Likewise, the highest SNR value occurred in air medium (13.84) and the lowest in Nylon (0.99). The highest CNR and SNR values occurred in air medium and the lowest occurred in Nylon. Conclusion: Slice Thickness variations affect the spatial resolution of CT-Scan images as indicated by the CNR and SNR values however, the CNR and SNR values are still above 1.0 for adult head examination and above 0.7 for children's head examination. So that the quality of CT-Scan images at Bali Mandara Hospital is still very good.
{"title":"Effect of Slice Thickness Variation on Spatial Resolution of CT-Scan Device Images at the Bali Mandara Hospital Radiology Installation","authors":"Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, Ida Bagus Made Suryatika, G. N. Sutapa","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10901","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Slice thickness variation analysis on spatial resolution on CT-scan images by determining CNR and SNR values, by making ROI on object and background images. ROI size of objects and backgrounds can be observed with several criteria based on the provisions of the ACR program, so that optimization of CT-Scan image quality can be achieved. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The Radiology Installation in Bali Mandara Hospital, between 23 March to 20 May 2022. \u0000Methodology: Data collection begins with preparing the equipment used, namely CT-Scan, head holder, phantom, and computer. After that, the head holder is placed in the middle of the gantry and then the phantom is placed with the guidance of the laser beam (alignment system). Set the axial beam on the vertical line of section 1 and then set the coronal beam on the horizontal line of section 2. After that, setting the type of examination using the adult head protocol and setting the scan parameters to 80 kV, 100 mAs, and slice thicknesses 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 mm. After the preparation is done then the next exposure to the phantom. Then the research data in the form of phantom images will be seen as a whole to program on the computer monitor. Measurements were made 5 times for each slice thickness. Next is to analyze the CNR of digital phantom image data on a computer. So that it can be determined object ROI, background ROI, object mean, background mean, and standard deviation of the background. \u0000Results: The results showed that the thicker the Slice Thickness, the higher the CNR and SNR values. The highest CNR value occurred in air medium (13.70) and the lowest occurred in Nylon (0.86). Likewise, the highest SNR value occurred in air medium (13.84) and the lowest in Nylon (0.99). The highest CNR and SNR values occurred in air medium and the lowest occurred in Nylon. \u0000Conclusion: Slice Thickness variations affect the spatial resolution of CT-Scan images as indicated by the CNR and SNR values however, the CNR and SNR values are still above 1.0 for adult head examination and above 0.7 for children's head examination. So that the quality of CT-Scan images at Bali Mandara Hospital is still very good.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75763681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10900
I. E. Kasamba, K. Aimé, Nathalie Kaj Kayomb, Delly Ngoy Kabwe, M. Mposhy
The purpose of this study was to detect in the communes of the city of Kolwezi, the elements of transmission of zoonotic diseases, it is appropriate to note the low supply of veterinary services and the poor management of animals, their excrement, and their corpse and misuse of antibiotics during the process of raising or treating animals. Although aware of the risk of disease transmission by animals, the population does not take any protective measures and does not notice in the event of a spontaneous termination of pregnancy. In view of this situation, public awareness on zoonotic diseases, animal management and all associated elements. A faculty of veterinary medicine is a necessity to improve the supply of veterinary services.
{"title":"Detection of Elements of Transmission of Zoonotic Diseases in Kolwezi","authors":"I. E. Kasamba, K. Aimé, Nathalie Kaj Kayomb, Delly Ngoy Kabwe, M. Mposhy","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10900","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to detect in the communes of the city of Kolwezi, the elements of transmission of zoonotic diseases, it is appropriate to note the low supply of veterinary services and the poor management of animals, their excrement, and their corpse and misuse of antibiotics during the process of raising or treating animals. \u0000Although aware of the risk of disease transmission by animals, the population does not take any protective measures and does not notice in the event of a spontaneous termination of pregnancy. \u0000In view of this situation, public awareness on zoonotic diseases, animal management and all associated elements. A faculty of veterinary medicine is a necessity to improve the supply of veterinary services.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81743797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10898
Ni Putu Divananda Purwaningrum, N. Ratini, A. Gunawan, Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, I. G. A. P. Adnyana, I. G. A. Kasmawan
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of irradiation time, the percentage of the maximum dose, the distribution of doses at the center point, and the wedge factor on wedge filter variations. The research method uses a wedge filter to measure irradiation time, maximum dose percentage, dose distribution at the center point, and the wedge factor. Wedge value factor without wedge, wedge 15 , wedge 30, wedge 45and wedge 60of 1.000, 1.0059, 1.0102, 1.0137, and 1.0092 respectively. The results of the maximum dose percentage values without wedge, wedge 15 , wedge 30 , wedge 45and wedge 60were 106.76%, 106.80%, 106.79%, 106.85%, and 106.81%, respectively. Conclusion is the value of the wedge factor does not comply with the ICRU standard but the percentage of the maximum dose is in accordance with the International Commisson on Radiation Units (ICRU) standard, there is a wedge effect factor, and irradiation time on the variation of the wedge filter, but there is no effect of the maximum dose percentage and distribution at the center point on the variation of the wedge filter.
{"title":"Wedge Filter Variation on Wedge Factor in Patients Cancer Breast in Sub Installation Radiotherapy RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah","authors":"Ni Putu Divananda Purwaningrum, N. Ratini, A. Gunawan, Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, I. G. A. P. Adnyana, I. G. A. Kasmawan","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10898","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the effect of irradiation time, the percentage of the maximum dose, the distribution of doses at the center point, and the wedge factor on wedge filter variations. The research method uses a wedge filter to measure irradiation time, maximum dose percentage, dose distribution at the center point, and the wedge factor. Wedge value factor without wedge, wedge 15 , wedge 30, wedge 45and wedge 60of 1.000, 1.0059, 1.0102, 1.0137, and 1.0092 respectively. The results of the maximum dose percentage values without wedge, wedge 15 , wedge 30 , wedge 45and wedge 60were 106.76%, 106.80%, 106.79%, 106.85%, and 106.81%, respectively. Conclusion is the value of the wedge factor does not comply with the ICRU standard but the percentage of the maximum dose is in accordance with the International Commisson on Radiation Units (ICRU) standard, there is a wedge effect factor, and irradiation time on the variation of the wedge filter, but there is no effect of the maximum dose percentage and distribution at the center point on the variation of the wedge filter.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82513990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10899
Felix Sorvor, E. Ewusie
Background: Rapid and more sensitive diagnostic assays have seen substantial investment globally intending to improve Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis towards treatment. This study evaluated the impact of the GeneXpert intervention on TB case detection and management in Ghana. Methods: The study made use of an interrupted time series design. Data from Ghana’s District Health Information Management System (DHIMS II) was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention. A cross-section of DHIMS II data was analyzed repeatedly using 2017 and 2022 as baseline and end lines, respectively. Descriptive analysis and interrupted time series models were used. Results: No immediate impact was observed on bacteriologically confirmed TB, however, 5 years following the intervention, the number of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases increased by an average of 562 cases per year (step and ramp (coefficients of pre- and post-intervention ) variables being -278.5 (95% (CI): -1118.3, 561.3) and 561.9 (95% CI: 352.3, 771.6), respectively. The cure rate decreased on average by 32.8% at the onset (step coefficient of -32.8 (95% CI: 40.5 – 25.0), however, there were no significant changes in the pre-and post-intervention cure rates (ramp coefficient = 1.5 (95% CI: -4.0, 7.0). Subsequently, the treatment completed rate increased sharply in the year of implementation but did not significantly differ from the pre-and post-intervention period (step and ramp coefficients were 29.4% (95% CI: 27.0, 31.9) and 1.5% (95% CI: -1.8, 0.4). Moreover, the intervention did not have a significant sudden or gradual impact on adverse treatment outcomes; step and ramp coefficients were 3.0% (95% CI: -4.5, 10.6) and 0.2% (95% CI: -5.1, 5.5) Conclusions: While bacteriologically diagnosed TB cases improved during the implementation period, clinical outcomes were not significantly impacted. To achieve recommended global targets, there is a need to address treatment follow-up challenges and enhance monitoring as part of addressing implementation challenges.
{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of the GeneXpert Technique on Case Detection and Management of Tuberculosis in Ghana","authors":"Felix Sorvor, E. Ewusie","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10899","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rapid and more sensitive diagnostic assays have seen substantial investment globally intending to improve Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis towards treatment. This study evaluated the impact of the GeneXpert intervention on TB case detection and management in Ghana. \u0000Methods: The study made use of an interrupted time series design. Data from Ghana’s District Health Information Management System (DHIMS II) was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention. A cross-section of DHIMS II data was analyzed repeatedly using 2017 and 2022 as baseline and end lines, respectively. Descriptive analysis and interrupted time series models were used. \u0000Results: No immediate impact was observed on bacteriologically confirmed TB, however, 5 years following the intervention, the number of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases increased by an average of 562 cases per year (step and ramp (coefficients of pre- and post-intervention ) variables being -278.5 (95% (CI): -1118.3, 561.3) and 561.9 (95% CI: 352.3, 771.6), respectively. The cure rate decreased on average by 32.8% at the onset (step coefficient of -32.8 (95% CI: 40.5 – 25.0), however, there were no significant changes in the pre-and post-intervention cure rates (ramp coefficient = 1.5 (95% CI: -4.0, 7.0). Subsequently, the treatment completed rate increased sharply in the year of implementation but did not significantly differ from the pre-and post-intervention period (step and ramp coefficients were 29.4% (95% CI: 27.0, 31.9) and 1.5% (95% CI: -1.8, 0.4). Moreover, the intervention did not have a significant sudden or gradual impact on adverse treatment outcomes; step and ramp coefficients were 3.0% (95% CI: -4.5, 10.6) and 0.2% (95% CI: -5.1, 5.5) \u0000Conclusions: While bacteriologically diagnosed TB cases improved during the implementation period, clinical outcomes were not significantly impacted. To achieve recommended global targets, there is a need to address treatment follow-up challenges and enhance monitoring as part of addressing implementation challenges.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10897
Naumi Paramita Putri Monicasari, N. Ratini, I. W. Sudarsana, Ida Bagus Made Suryatika, I. P. Suardana, I. Widagda, A. Gunawan, R. Irhas
The purpose of the study was to determine the value of PDD against energy variations in the electron beam using the Elekta Precise Brand LINAC aircraft, and to determine the suitability of the PDD value against energy variations in the electron beam with the standards set by AAPM. PDD value data obtained from the results of research using Sun Nuclear Dosimetry Software (SNC Dosimetry). The results of the study will then be compared with the standard Tolerance value set by AAPM of a maximum of 2%. From the deviation value of each 4 MeV energy is 1.1% - 1.8%, 6 MeV energy is 1.1% - 1.6%, and 8 MeV energy is 1.0% - 1.2%, the deviation error at 4, 6, and 8 MeV energy is in accordance with the tolerance limit set by AAPM which is 2%. So that the Elekta Precise LINAC machine at the Radiotherapy Installation of Prof. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital is feasible to operate to receive patients.
{"title":"Compliance Test of Percentage Depth Dose (PDD) Using LINAC Machine Brand Electa Precise against American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) PDD with Electron Beam Energy Variation at Radiotherapy Installation RSUP Prof. Ngoerah in Denpasar","authors":"Naumi Paramita Putri Monicasari, N. Ratini, I. W. Sudarsana, Ida Bagus Made Suryatika, I. P. Suardana, I. Widagda, A. Gunawan, R. Irhas","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10897","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the value of PDD against energy variations in the electron beam using the Elekta Precise Brand LINAC aircraft, and to determine the suitability of the PDD value against energy variations in the electron beam with the standards set by AAPM. PDD value data obtained from the results of research using Sun Nuclear Dosimetry Software (SNC Dosimetry). The results of the study will then be compared with the standard Tolerance value set by AAPM of a maximum of 2%. From the deviation value of each 4 MeV energy is 1.1% - 1.8%, 6 MeV energy is 1.1% - 1.6%, and 8 MeV energy is 1.0% - 1.2%, the deviation error at 4, 6, and 8 MeV energy is in accordance with the tolerance limit set by AAPM which is 2%. So that the Elekta Precise LINAC machine at the Radiotherapy Installation of Prof. Ngoerah Denpasar Hospital is feasible to operate to receive patients.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77714673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10896
B. Ochiogu, Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, A. Apakama
Background: Medical certificates or medical reports are often requested by patients for varying reasons which include permission to absent from work, school or certain duties or as evidence of ill health or ocular injury. Aim: To explore the reasons patients seek medical certificate/medical report at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria. Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study conducted at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka. The case files of new patients seen at the Eye Unit of the hospital from January 2016 to December 2021were examined. Those who requested for medical certificates/reports were identified and relevant information were extracted for the study. The results were analyzed and presented with frequency tables. Results: Out of the 4407 new patients seen, 290(6.6%) requested ophthalmic medical certificate. Among the 290 patients, 170 (58.6%) were males while 120 (41.4%) were females, with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The age range was 9 years to 75 years, while the mean age was 35.9years. Obtaining tinted vehicle wind shield permit 49 (16.9%) was the most common reason for seeking ophthalmic medical certificate followed by voluntary retirement. Civil servants 75 (25.2%) constituted the most common group, followed by students/pupils 57(26.2%). Among those that applied, 214 (73.8%) were granted while 76 (26.2%) were not granted. Ninety seven (33.4%) cases had ocular morbidities of which assault cases 19(19.6%) were responsible for most of the ocular morbidities. Refractive error was the commonest diagnosis and some people had more than one diagnosis. Most patients 221 (96.2%) had presenting visual acuity of 6/6 – 6/18. Four patients had presenting visual acuity of <3/60 in both eyes. Conclusion: Ophthalmic medical certificates/reports are requested for many reasons by patients. While some reasons are genuine, others are not. It behooves the certifier to obtain proper information about the patient. The certificate/report should be accurate, not misleading and devoid of sentiments.
{"title":"Reasons Patients Seek Ophthalmic Medical Certificates/ Reports at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Amaku, Awka, Nigeria","authors":"B. Ochiogu, Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, A. Apakama","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10896","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical certificates or medical reports are often requested by patients for varying reasons which include permission to absent from work, school or certain duties or as evidence of ill health or ocular injury. \u0000Aim: To explore the reasons patients seek medical certificate/medical report at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based study conducted at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka. The case files of new patients seen at the Eye Unit of the hospital from January 2016 to December 2021were examined. Those who requested for medical certificates/reports were identified and relevant information were extracted for the study. The results were analyzed and presented with frequency tables. \u0000Results: Out of the 4407 new patients seen, 290(6.6%) requested ophthalmic medical certificate. Among the 290 patients, 170 (58.6%) were males while 120 (41.4%) were females, with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The age range was 9 years to 75 years, while the mean age was 35.9years. Obtaining tinted vehicle wind shield permit 49 (16.9%) was the most common reason for seeking ophthalmic medical certificate followed by voluntary retirement. Civil servants 75 (25.2%) constituted the most common group, followed by students/pupils 57(26.2%). Among those that applied, 214 (73.8%) were granted while 76 (26.2%) were not granted. Ninety seven (33.4%) cases had ocular morbidities of which assault cases 19(19.6%) were responsible for most of the ocular morbidities. Refractive error was the commonest diagnosis and some people had more than one diagnosis. Most patients 221 (96.2%) had presenting visual acuity of 6/6 – 6/18. Four patients had presenting visual acuity of <3/60 in both eyes. \u0000Conclusion: Ophthalmic medical certificates/reports are requested for many reasons by patients. While some reasons are genuine, others are not. It behooves the certifier to obtain proper information about the patient. The certificate/report should be accurate, not misleading and devoid of sentiments.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79305258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10895
G. N. Sutapa, I. Sandi, Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, I. G. A. Kasmawan
Aims: Determine the radioadapted response to the early and late effects of white blood cells in mice after Co-60 gamma radiation. Furthermore, the effect of the radioadapted early and late effects of the radioresponse with the interval dose adaptation (DA) with the challenge dose (DC) to the white blood cells of mice, as well as the survival rate of mice white blood cells after gamma Co-60 radiation through the radio-adapted response of the early effect and the late effect. Place and Duration of Study: The Radioteraphy Installation in Prof. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH Hospital, between from August to October 2022. Methodology: This research used a low-dose method (adapted-DA dose) and at certain time intervals was continued with a larger dose (dose challenge-DC) in mice with six treatments and one as a control. From each treatment, mice's white blood cells were taken to determine the number of leukocytes and their components. Through the number of leukocytes, it is possible to analyze the radio-adaptated response to the early effect and the late effect, so that thesurvival rate of whiteblood cells inmice after gamma Co-60 radiation can be determined. Results: The results of research on the survival of leukocyte cells, neutrophils, and lymphocyte cell components show early-responding tissue and late-responding tissue. As for cell survival, other componentssuch asmonocytes, eosinophils, andbasophils did not respond in the same way after gamma Co-60 radiation. In general, giving a time delay to the challenge dose for all radiation dose treatments gives a fast response (early effect) to cell survival within a few days after radiation, then with time the full response that occurs is a slow (late effect). The longer the delay in giving the challenge dose, the slower the response will fully occur in the tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. The cell survival curve also shows that the α/β ratio for the early effect is 3 and for the late effect is 10, which is an illustration of the early effect on radiation, with a linear shape of the cell death curve indicating that tissue is more sensitive to changes in radiation dose and has a greater α/β ratio. When compared to the tissue with a late effect on radiation, the tissue has a smaller α/β ratio indicating that the tissue is less sensitive to changes in the timing of the challenge dose. Conclusion: Radioadapted response to the survival of leukocytes, neutrophils cell components, and lymphocytes have shown early responding tissue and late responding tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. By giving a time lag for the challenge dose, an early response to cell survival occurs for only a few days, then with time, fully the response that occurs is late responding.
{"title":"Radioadapted Response Early Effects and Late Effects on Survival of White Blood Cells in Mice (Mus musculus L) Post C0-60 Gamma Radiation","authors":"G. N. Sutapa, I. Sandi, Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani, I. G. A. Kasmawan","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10895","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Determine the radioadapted response to the early and late effects of white blood cells in mice after Co-60 gamma radiation. Furthermore, the effect of the radioadapted early and late effects of the radioresponse with the interval dose adaptation (DA) with the challenge dose (DC) to the white blood cells of mice, as well as the survival rate of mice white blood cells after gamma Co-60 radiation through the radio-adapted response of the early effect and the late effect. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The Radioteraphy Installation in Prof. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH Hospital, between from August to October 2022. \u0000Methodology: This research used a low-dose method (adapted-DA dose) and at certain time intervals was continued with a larger dose (dose challenge-DC) in mice with six treatments and one as a control. From each treatment, mice's white blood cells were taken to determine the number of leukocytes and their components. Through the number of leukocytes, it is possible to analyze the radio-adaptated response to the early effect and the late effect, so that thesurvival rate of whiteblood cells inmice after gamma Co-60 radiation can be determined. \u0000Results: The results of research on the survival of leukocyte cells, neutrophils, and lymphocyte cell components show early-responding tissue and late-responding tissue. As for cell survival, other componentssuch asmonocytes, eosinophils, andbasophils did not respond in the same way after gamma Co-60 radiation. In general, giving a time delay to the challenge dose for all radiation dose treatments gives a fast response (early effect) to cell survival within a few days after radiation, then with time the full response that occurs is a slow (late effect). The longer the delay in giving the challenge dose, the slower the response will fully occur in the tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. The cell survival curve also shows that the α/β ratio for the early effect is 3 and for the late effect is 10, which is an illustration of the early effect on radiation, with a linear shape of the cell death curve indicating that tissue is more sensitive to changes in radiation dose and has a greater α/β ratio. When compared to the tissue with a late effect on radiation, the tissue has a smaller α/β ratio indicating that the tissue is less sensitive to changes in the timing of the challenge dose. \u0000Conclusion: Radioadapted response to the survival of leukocytes, neutrophils cell components, and lymphocytes have shown early responding tissue and late responding tissue after gamma Co-60 radiation. By giving a time lag for the challenge dose, an early response to cell survival occurs for only a few days, then with time, fully the response that occurs is late responding.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79095218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10891
Arit Okechukwu Nwogu, D. Tamuno-Emine, A. Ben-Chioma, E. Bartimaeus
Plants are major sources used in the production of pharmaceutically active drugs and they contain diverse phytochemicals which give these herbal supplements their biological and pharmacological effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of some commonly sold male herbal fertility supplements (Libron Herbal, Mascum Herbal Pride and Energy 3000) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the herbal supplements was done using standard procedures. The GC 789OB 5977A and Mass Spectrometry Device (MSD) Model was used for the GC/MS Study. Results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis of the supplements shows that flavonoid, protodiocin, tannins, phenols and alkaloids were present in libron herbal supplement. Protodiocin, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiacglycosides were present in mascum herbal supplement while flavonoids, protodiocin, tannins, alkaloids, anthroquinones and terpeniods were present in Energy 3000 herbal supplement. For the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the herbal supplements, libron herbal supplement contained Flavonoid 0.24 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.01%, tannins 0.37 ± 0.02%, phenols 0.18 ± 0.00% and alkaloid 0.28 ± 0.10%. Mascum herbal supplement were seen to contain protodiocin 0.27 ± 0.07%, saponins 0.48 ± 0.08%, tannis 0.38 ± 0.06%, phenols 0.21± 0.07%, alkaloids 0.18 ± 0.10%, and cardiaglycosides 0.27 ± 0.07% while Energy 3000 was made up of flavonoid 0.10 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.04%, tannis 0.64 ± 0.10%, phenols 0.28 ± 0.01%, alkaloids 0.26 ± 0.01%, anthroquinones 0.27 ± 0.10% and terpenoids 0.25 ± 0.00%.The GC/MS study was seen to contain various chemical compunds. The three herbal supplements assayed contain diverse phytochemicals that may enhance male fertility as well as some chemical compounds that could alter hormonal functioning of some biochemical systems in the albino rats.
植物是生产药用活性药物的主要来源，它们含有多种植物化学物质，使这些草药补充剂具有生物学和药理作用。本研究评估了尼日利亚哈科特港一些常见的男性草药生育补充剂(Libron herbal, Mascum herbal Pride and Energy 3000)的植物化学成分。采用标准程序对草药补充剂进行定性和定量分析。GC - 789OB - 5977A和质谱仪(MSD)模型用于GC/MS研究。定性植物化学分析结果表明，天秤座草药补品中含有黄酮类、原薯蓣皂苷、单宁、酚类和生物碱。mascum中草药补品中含有原薯蓣皂苷、皂苷、单宁、酚类、生物碱和心苷类;Energy 3000中草药补品中含有黄酮类、原薯蓣皂苷、单宁、生物碱、蒽醌类和萜类。在植物化学定量分析中，黄酮类化合物含量为0.24±0.00%，原薯蓣皂苷含量为0.29±0.01%，单宁含量为0.37±0.02%，酚类化合物含量为0.18±0.00%，生物碱含量为0.28±0.10%。Mascum中草药补品中原薯蓣皂苷含量为0.27±0.07%，皂苷含量为0.48±0.08%，单宁含量为0.38±0.06%，酚类含量为0.21±0.07%，生物碱含量为0.18±0.10%，糖苷含量为0.27±0.07%;Energy 3000中黄酮类含量为0.10±0.00%，原薯蓣皂苷含量为0.29±0.04%，单宁含量为0.64±0.10%，酚类含量为0.28±0.01%，生物碱含量为0.26±0.01%，蒽醌类含量为0.27±0.10%，萜类含量为0.25±0.00%。GC/MS研究发现含有多种化合物。这三种草药补充剂含有不同的植物化学物质，可以提高雄性的生育能力，也含有一些化合物，可以改变白化大鼠体内某些生化系统的激素功能。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Phytochemical Composition of Some Commonly Sold Male Herbal Fertility Supplements in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Arit Okechukwu Nwogu, D. Tamuno-Emine, A. Ben-Chioma, E. Bartimaeus","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10891","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are major sources used in the production of pharmaceutically active drugs and they contain diverse phytochemicals which give these herbal supplements their biological and pharmacological effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of some commonly sold male herbal fertility supplements (Libron Herbal, Mascum Herbal Pride and Energy 3000) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the herbal supplements was done using standard procedures. The GC 789OB 5977A and Mass Spectrometry Device (MSD) Model was used for the GC/MS Study. Results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis of the supplements shows that flavonoid, protodiocin, tannins, phenols and alkaloids were present in libron herbal supplement. Protodiocin, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloids and cardiacglycosides were present in mascum herbal supplement while flavonoids, protodiocin, tannins, alkaloids, anthroquinones and terpeniods were present in Energy 3000 herbal supplement. For the quantitative phytochemical analysis of the herbal supplements, libron herbal supplement contained Flavonoid 0.24 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.01%, tannins 0.37 ± 0.02%, phenols 0.18 ± 0.00% and alkaloid 0.28 ± 0.10%. Mascum herbal supplement were seen to contain protodiocin 0.27 ± 0.07%, saponins 0.48 ± 0.08%, tannis 0.38 ± 0.06%, phenols 0.21± 0.07%, alkaloids 0.18 ± 0.10%, and cardiaglycosides 0.27 ± 0.07% while Energy 3000 was made up of flavonoid 0.10 ± 0.00%, protodiocin 0.29 ± 0.04%, tannis 0.64 ± 0.10%, phenols 0.28 ± 0.01%, alkaloids 0.26 ± 0.01%, anthroquinones 0.27 ± 0.10% and terpenoids 0.25 ± 0.00%.The GC/MS study was seen to contain various chemical compunds. The three herbal supplements assayed contain diverse phytochemicals that may enhance male fertility as well as some chemical compounds that could alter hormonal functioning of some biochemical systems in the albino rats.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10894
Md. Suman Hossain, Ruhul Amin Tuhin, M. Wahiduzzaman, H. Begum, Anam Ahmed
Background: Dental caries in teenagers is a significant public health concern. Fast food consumption among teenagers in Bangladesh is steadily increasing. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between fast food consumption and dental caries among teenagers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2022. The calculated sample size was 345 teenagers from two secondary schools in Dhaka city. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews with a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. A checklist was also used to collect data through clinical examination of the oral cavity. By double-checking, data were altered for quality control. Statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: Among 345 teenagers, the mean ± SD age was 14.88±1.17 years. The majority of the teenagers (53.6%) were female and Muslim (95%). Around 59.4% of the teenagers' fathers were business owners, while 37.4% were government employees. The majority of respondents (73.3%) ate breakfast before going to school and 52.2% took food from the school canteen. The majority (93.3%) ate at outside restaurants, with 90.4% eating fast food. 59.7% of people ate fast food at least once a week. Dental caries affected 36.8% of the teenager who ate fast food (p<0.05). A significant association was found between dental caries and the frequency of fast-food consumption. Among the respondents, 4.8% had dental caries who ate fast food daily (p<0.05). Conclusion: To prevent dental caries, teenagers should avoid eating fast food and snacks between meals and brush their teeth on a regular basis.
{"title":"Fast Food Consumption and Dental Caries among Teenagers","authors":"Md. Suman Hossain, Ruhul Amin Tuhin, M. Wahiduzzaman, H. Begum, Anam Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10894","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries in teenagers is a significant public health concern. Fast food consumption among teenagers in Bangladesh is steadily increasing. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between fast food consumption and dental caries among teenagers. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2022. The calculated sample size was 345 teenagers from two secondary schools in Dhaka city. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews with a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. A checklist was also used to collect data through clinical examination of the oral cavity. By double-checking, data were altered for quality control. Statistical software was used to analyze the data. \u0000Results: Among 345 teenagers, the mean ± SD age was 14.88±1.17 years. The majority of the teenagers (53.6%) were female and Muslim (95%). Around 59.4% of the teenagers' fathers were business owners, while 37.4% were government employees. The majority of respondents (73.3%) ate breakfast before going to school and 52.2% took food from the school canteen. The majority (93.3%) ate at outside restaurants, with 90.4% eating fast food. 59.7% of people ate fast food at least once a week. Dental caries affected 36.8% of the teenager who ate fast food (p<0.05). A significant association was found between dental caries and the frequency of fast-food consumption. Among the respondents, 4.8% had dental caries who ate fast food daily (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: To prevent dental caries, teenagers should avoid eating fast food and snacks between meals and brush their teeth on a regular basis.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"47 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76506244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10893
G. Ndukwu, S. Uriah, P. Dienye
Aim: This study was to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and morbidity pattern among elderly patients in order to support the equitable distribution of the few healthcare resources. Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical descriptive study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the General Out-Patient Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The duration of study was three months. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-four (384) study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. The data were collected using structured questionnaire which assessed health problems related to general signs and symptoms and classified patients’ problems into reason for encounter, problems/diagnosis managed and interventions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Chi square (x2) statistics was used to assess association between categorical variables. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 878 health problems were reported based on the ICPC-2. The reasons for encounter were related to musculoskeletal (18.8%), general body symptoms (14.8%), neurological problems (14.7%) and problems related to the ear (0.9%). None of the respondent reported blood related problems. A total of 799 morbidities were diagnosed with an average of 2.1 each (range 1-5), the most prevalent morbidities were related to the cardiovascular system (24.7%), musculoskeletal system (13.8%) and digestive system (13.0%) and the least number of morbidities were found in the female genitalia (0.3%). The relationship between general body symptoms (GBS), musculoskeletal, mental health and nutritional/endocrine conditions, and gender were statistically significant (GBS p-value = 0.034, musculoskeletal, p=0.000, mental health p=0.001, nutrition p=0.000). Women reported more health problems than men. The majority (70.1%) of the men were still married, while most (88.6%) of the women were widowed. Although the largest proportion (56.0%) of the respondents was from social class V with the female forming the bulk (67.9%), there was no statistically significant association except for blood related morbidity (p-value =0.005). Also, there was statistically significant relationship between morbidity pattern and age groups for blood related diseases (p-value =0.010), digestive system (p-value = 0.003), musculoskeletal system (p-value =0.000), and neurological problems (p-value = 0.001). Statistically significant association was found between marital status and morbidities related to ear (p-value =0.002), musculoskeletal (p-value = 0.000), endocrine/metabolic/nutrition (p-value = 0.023) and male genital (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The most prevalent morbidities of the elderly were chronic medical conditions related to the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, digestive, endocrine systems as well as nutritional and eye diseases. As the ageing population rises
{"title":"Evaluation of Socio-Demographic Factors and Morbidity Pattern among Elderly Patients in a Teaching Hospital in South-South Nigeria","authors":"G. Ndukwu, S. Uriah, P. Dienye","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10893","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and morbidity pattern among elderly patients in order to support the equitable distribution of the few healthcare resources. \u0000Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional analytical descriptive study. \u0000Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at the General Out-Patient Clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt. The duration of study was three months. \u0000Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-four (384) study participants were recruited by systematic random sampling. The data were collected using structured questionnaire which assessed health problems related to general signs and symptoms and classified patients’ problems into reason for encounter, problems/diagnosis managed and interventions. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Chi square (x2) statistics was used to assess association between categorical variables. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. \u0000Results: A total of 878 health problems were reported based on the ICPC-2. The reasons for encounter were related to musculoskeletal (18.8%), general body symptoms (14.8%), neurological problems (14.7%) and problems related to the ear (0.9%). None of the respondent reported blood related problems. A total of 799 morbidities were diagnosed with an average of 2.1 each (range 1-5), the most prevalent morbidities were related to the cardiovascular system (24.7%), musculoskeletal system (13.8%) and digestive system (13.0%) and the least number of morbidities were found in the female genitalia (0.3%). The relationship between general body symptoms (GBS), musculoskeletal, mental health and nutritional/endocrine conditions, and gender were statistically significant (GBS p-value = 0.034, musculoskeletal, p=0.000, mental health p=0.001, nutrition p=0.000). Women reported more health problems than men. The majority (70.1%) of the men were still married, while most (88.6%) of the women were widowed. Although the largest proportion (56.0%) of the respondents was from social class V with the female forming the bulk (67.9%), there was no statistically significant association except for blood related morbidity (p-value =0.005). Also, there was statistically significant relationship between morbidity pattern and age groups for blood related diseases (p-value =0.010), digestive system (p-value = 0.003), musculoskeletal system (p-value =0.000), and neurological problems (p-value = 0.001). Statistically significant association was found between marital status and morbidities related to ear (p-value =0.002), musculoskeletal (p-value = 0.000), endocrine/metabolic/nutrition (p-value = 0.023) and male genital (p-value = 0.000). \u0000Conclusion: The most prevalent morbidities of the elderly were chronic medical conditions related to the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, digestive, endocrine systems as well as nutritional and eye diseases. As the ageing population rises","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87903865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：