Background: Street children are often deprived of the basic human rights in our society and hence they suffer from various forms of malnutrition and usually get addicted to different drugs.
Objective: The current study aimed to assess the nutritional status and drug abuse of the street children of Dhaka city.
Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with randomly selected 100 street children (51 male and 49 female) aged three to fifteen years old from Dhaka city between the timeframe of January, 2016 to June, 2016. Data was collected by face-to-face interview with a pre-tested questionnaire involving their socio-economic data, nutritional status and information concerning drug abuse. Data analysis was conducted by IBM SPSS version 20.0, WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus software. Various descriptive statistics like mean±SD, frequency, percentage along with binary logistic regression analysis was performed for the current study.
Results: The respondents’ mean age was 9±3 years. Majority of the street children (92%) knew about their mother’s identity whereas about 35% of them did not know about their father’s identity. Their monthly income ranged from one thousand BDT to three-thousand five hundred BDT. The study showed that about 47% of respondents were stunted, and nearly 58% were underweight. It was also found that about 82% of the respondents were drug abusers. However, about 45% were addicted to cigarette smoking and 24% were having marijuana in regular basis. Significant association was found between drug abuse and underweight status (AOR=1.27, p=.038) but no association was found between stunting rate and drug abuse of the respondents (AOR=1.03, p=.670).
Conclusion: Appropriate measures ought to be taken to enhance the nutritional status and reducing the rate of drug abuse among this segment of our population to secure a productive and healthy adult life for them in the future. Further large scale research is recommended to explore the determinants of the nutritional status and their drug abuse in Dhaka City.
{"title":"Assessment of Nutritional Status and Drug Abuse among Street Children of Dhaka City in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Khaleda Islam, Md. Ishahaque Ali, Israt Jahan, Humaira Sadia, Eyad Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i11913","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Street children are often deprived of the basic human rights in our society and hence they suffer from various forms of malnutrition and usually get addicted to different drugs.
 Objective: The current study aimed to assess the nutritional status and drug abuse of the street children of Dhaka city.
 Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with randomly selected 100 street children (51 male and 49 female) aged three to fifteen years old from Dhaka city between the timeframe of January, 2016 to June, 2016. Data was collected by face-to-face interview with a pre-tested questionnaire involving their socio-economic data, nutritional status and information concerning drug abuse. Data analysis was conducted by IBM SPSS version 20.0, WHO Anthro and WHO Anthro Plus software. Various descriptive statistics like mean±SD, frequency, percentage along with binary logistic regression analysis was performed for the current study.
 Results: The respondents’ mean age was 9±3 years. Majority of the street children (92%) knew about their mother’s identity whereas about 35% of them did not know about their father’s identity. Their monthly income ranged from one thousand BDT to three-thousand five hundred BDT. The study showed that about 47% of respondents were stunted, and nearly 58% were underweight. It was also found that about 82% of the respondents were drug abusers. However, about 45% were addicted to cigarette smoking and 24% were having marijuana in regular basis. Significant association was found between drug abuse and underweight status (AOR=1.27, p=.038) but no association was found between stunting rate and drug abuse of the respondents (AOR=1.03, p=.670).
 Conclusion: Appropriate measures ought to be taken to enhance the nutritional status and reducing the rate of drug abuse among this segment of our population to secure a productive and healthy adult life for them in the future. Further large scale research is recommended to explore the determinants of the nutritional status and their drug abuse in Dhaka City.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134913353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10912
Akhmad Sudibya, Indah Widyaningsih
Introduction: This study aimed to prove whether the palladium catalyst affects the dew formation time in the anaerobic cover and whether anaerobiosis can be achieved without a palladium catalyst.
Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a non-randomized control group design. In this study, replication was carried out. The amount of replication used is 10. The palladium catalyst was used in 10 experiments, whereas it was not used in ten other experiments.
Results: The growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium tetani, and Bacteroides fragilis were observed after 48-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate was observed until 24-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar varied between 1.37 minutes and 3.33 minutes. On the other hand, water condensate did not appear in the without-palladium anaerobic jar. No growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar; on the contrary, there were ten growths in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Eight growths of Clostridium tetani were observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar, whereas there was no growth without palladium. No growth of Bacteroides fragilis was observed in the without-palladium anaerobic jar, whereas seven growths were observed in the anaerobic jar containing palladium. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar was different from that in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Significant differences (p < 0,01) in anaerobiosis creation between the palladium-contained anaerobic jar and the without-palladium anaerobic jar were also clearly observed.
{"title":"Dew Formation and Anaerobiosis in Anaerobic Jars","authors":"Akhmad Sudibya, Indah Widyaningsih","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10912","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to prove whether the palladium catalyst affects the dew formation time in the anaerobic cover and whether anaerobiosis can be achieved without a palladium catalyst.
 Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a non-randomized control group design. In this study, replication was carried out. The amount of replication used is 10. The palladium catalyst was used in 10 experiments, whereas it was not used in ten other experiments.
 Results: The growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium tetani, and Bacteroides fragilis were observed after 48-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate was observed until 24-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar varied between 1.37 minutes and 3.33 minutes. On the other hand, water condensate did not appear in the without-palladium anaerobic jar. No growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar; on the contrary, there were ten growths in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Eight growths of Clostridium tetani were observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar, whereas there was no growth without palladium. No growth of Bacteroides fragilis was observed in the without-palladium anaerobic jar, whereas seven growths were observed in the anaerobic jar containing palladium. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar was different from that in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Significant differences (p < 0,01) in anaerobiosis creation between the palladium-contained anaerobic jar and the without-palladium anaerobic jar were also clearly observed.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10911
None Kumar H. R., None Soma M., None Saw M. O.
Incidental appendectomy has always been a matter of debate as to whether it should be performed or not. The morbidity and mortality of the procedure is low, and it allows histological examination to detect any abnormal pathology. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has also made surgeons question if incidental appendectomy should be performed or not. We have conducted this narrative review article to look at the current indications, patients’ demographics, and types of surgery that incidental appendectomy is performed on.
{"title":"Incidental Appendectomy-current Management-narrative Review Article","authors":"None Kumar H. R., None Soma M., None Saw M. O.","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10911","url":null,"abstract":"Incidental appendectomy has always been a matter of debate as to whether it should be performed or not. The morbidity and mortality of the procedure is low, and it allows histological examination to detect any abnormal pathology. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has also made surgeons question if incidental appendectomy should be performed or not. We have conducted this narrative review article to look at the current indications, patients’ demographics, and types of surgery that incidental appendectomy is performed on.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10910
Most. Zakia Aktar, Rumana Arman, Mohammad Shahnur Islam
Background: Postdated pregnancy is one of the commonest obstetric conditions. Pregnancy is called term when it lies between 37 weeks to 40 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the pregnancy exceeds 40 weeks it is called as postdated pregnancy. Methods: From January to June 2022, researchers from the Research institute Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, carried out this prospective observational study. We surveyed 100 participants for this research. After carefully evaluating the woman and the fetus, induction of labor was conducted after the due date had passed. Intact membrane, cephalic presentation, singleton pregnancies, and a low Bishop score in post-dated pregnancies were also requirements for participation. Women with absolute contraindications to induction of labor, such as a contracted pelvis, placenta previa, unexplained vaginal hemorrhage, breech presentation, or a history of caesarean section, were not included in the analysis. Results: During the study Sixty percent of the population is comprised of young adults ages 21 to 30. There were 42% in the oxytocin group, 38% in the ARM + oxytocin group, and 14% in the misoprostol group. There were 30% unsuccessful deliveries with oxytocin drip, 25% with ARM + Oxytocin drip, and 14% with misoprostol. The vast majority of births occurred naturally via the cervix, whereas around 33% required a caesarean section and 10% required the use of forceps. The fetal distress rate was 13%, while the cervix conditions were poor in 5%. 75% of the newborns were very fine. Conclusion: Timely labor is closely connected with positive birth outcomes. It is critical to make a correct diagnosis of postdatism. With the right advice and constant monitoring from medical professionals, postpartum depression in mothers may be alleviated. Many hospitals around the country resort to caesarean sections to end post-dated pregnancies because of technological limitations in foetal monitoring and oxytocin titration. Inducing labor seems to be safe for both mother and child when a full-term cervix and favorable fetal presentation are present.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Obstetric Outcome of Postdated Pregnancy","authors":"Most. Zakia Aktar, Rumana Arman, Mohammad Shahnur Islam","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10910","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postdated pregnancy is one of the commonest obstetric conditions. Pregnancy is called term when it lies between 37 weeks to 40 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the pregnancy exceeds 40 weeks it is called as postdated pregnancy. \u0000Methods: From January to June 2022, researchers from the Research institute Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, carried out this prospective observational study. We surveyed 100 participants for this research. After carefully evaluating the woman and the fetus, induction of labor was conducted after the due date had passed. Intact membrane, cephalic presentation, singleton pregnancies, and a low Bishop score in post-dated pregnancies were also requirements for participation. Women with absolute contraindications to induction of labor, such as a contracted pelvis, placenta previa, unexplained vaginal hemorrhage, breech presentation, or a history of caesarean section, were not included in the analysis. \u0000Results: During the study Sixty percent of the population is comprised of young adults ages 21 to 30. There were 42% in the oxytocin group, 38% in the ARM + oxytocin group, and 14% in the misoprostol group. There were 30% unsuccessful deliveries with oxytocin drip, 25% with ARM + Oxytocin drip, and 14% with misoprostol. The vast majority of births occurred naturally via the cervix, whereas around 33% required a caesarean section and 10% required the use of forceps. The fetal distress rate was 13%, while the cervix conditions were poor in 5%. 75% of the newborns were very fine. \u0000Conclusion: Timely labor is closely connected with positive birth outcomes. It is critical to make a correct diagnosis of postdatism. With the right advice and constant monitoring from medical professionals, postpartum depression in mothers may be alleviated. Many hospitals around the country resort to caesarean sections to end post-dated pregnancies because of technological limitations in foetal monitoring and oxytocin titration. Inducing labor seems to be safe for both mother and child when a full-term cervix and favorable fetal presentation are present.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88636494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10908
Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Ismail Ashry
This review reflects the usage of ketamine and propofol for endoscopy. It also works to compare whether either of these agents has a stronger action alone as compared to their combined action. The gastrointestinal system is one of the most problematic systems of the human body. It can be divided into two regions. These are upper gastrointestinal tract and lower intestinal tract. The diseases and conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract may arise anywhere throughout its entire length. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is one of the most sought methods for the diagnosis and treatment of several conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is a very helpful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that has been indicated for several patients. Endoscopy is an invasive procedure; it is required for the patient to be sedated during the process to ensure a pain-free experience.
{"title":"A Review and Comparison on the Effectiveness and Safety Profile of Using Ketamine and Propofol for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Literature Review","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Ismail Ashry","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10908","url":null,"abstract":"This review reflects the usage of ketamine and propofol for endoscopy. It also works to compare whether either of these agents has a stronger action alone as compared to their combined action. The gastrointestinal system is one of the most problematic systems of the human body. It can be divided into two regions. These are upper gastrointestinal tract and lower intestinal tract. The diseases and conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract may arise anywhere throughout its entire length. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is one of the most sought methods for the diagnosis and treatment of several conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract. \u0000Endoscopy is a very helpful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that has been indicated for several patients. Endoscopy is an invasive procedure; it is required for the patient to be sedated during the process to ensure a pain-free experience.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84463752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10907
A. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, C. Onyeaso
Background/Objective: Effective practice of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will depend to a good extent on the perception and attitude of a population towards this life-saving technique. This study aimed at assessing the perception and attitude of Nigerian athletes towards this important procedure. Methods: A questionnaire-based national cross-sectional survey of Nigerian athletes was carried out during the 21st National Sports Festival (NSF) in Delta State, Nigeria, which continued after the festival in the various locations of the athletes in the country. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25 and descriptive and chi-square statistics, as well as one sample t test were employed with significance level set at P < .05. Results: In all, 419 athletes were involved in the study - 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD). The participants significantly had positive perception of (P < .000) and attitude towards bystander CPR (P < .000), which did not vary significantly with respect to their participation in contact or non-contact sports (P > .05). Conclusion/Recommendation: The Nigerian athletes showed encouraging positive perception of bystander CPR and attitude towards it. Nigerian Governments should actively support the establishment of sustainable programmes for teaching and training of athletes in bystander CPR
{"title":"Perception and Attitude of Nigerian Athletes towards Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","authors":"A. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10907","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: Effective practice of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) will depend to a good extent on the perception and attitude of a population towards this life-saving technique. This study aimed at assessing the perception and attitude of Nigerian athletes towards this important procedure. \u0000Methods: A questionnaire-based national cross-sectional survey of Nigerian athletes was carried out during the 21st National Sports Festival (NSF) in Delta State, Nigeria, which continued after the festival in the various locations of the athletes in the country. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25 and descriptive and chi-square statistics, as well as one sample t test were employed with significance level set at P < .05. \u0000Results: In all, 419 athletes were involved in the study - 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD). The participants significantly had positive perception of (P < .000) and attitude towards bystander CPR (P < .000), which did not vary significantly with respect to their participation in contact or non-contact sports (P > .05). \u0000Conclusion/Recommendation: The Nigerian athletes showed encouraging positive perception of bystander CPR and attitude towards it. Nigerian Governments should actively support the establishment of sustainable programmes for teaching and training of athletes in bystander CPR","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85759804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10906
Wang Zhe, Muhammad Abbas, Shahbaz Ahmad, Ahmad Siddique, Hamna Shahid, R. Ullah
Objective: The case study of pre-operative transurethral resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia Methods: The total of 987 patients with BPH in our hospital from September 2016 to December 2019 was selected, all of whom underwent TURP, and the rate and reason for reoperation of all patients were observed. Results: Among the 987 BPH patients, a total of 46 cases underwent resection, and the rate was 4.66%; compared with patients with one operation, the amount of postoperative wound bleeding was greater than that of patients with one operation, and the incidence of urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture was higher than that of patients with one operation. Statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The re-operation rate of BPH patients after TURP is low, but there are still some patients with recurrence. The main reasons Including urethral stenosis, residual glands, postoperative wound bleeding, and bladder neck contracture. At the same time, implementing targeted preventive measures in combination with the above reasons can effectively reduce the risk of repeated electrocardiography. Ratio of surgical resection and improved long-term prognosis.
{"title":"The Case Study of Pre-operative Transurethral Resection of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"Wang Zhe, Muhammad Abbas, Shahbaz Ahmad, Ahmad Siddique, Hamna Shahid, R. Ullah","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10906","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The case study of pre-operative transurethral resection of benign prostatic hyperplasia \u0000Methods: The total of 987 patients with BPH in our hospital from September 2016 to December 2019 was selected, all of whom underwent TURP, and the rate and reason for reoperation of all patients were observed. \u0000Results: Among the 987 BPH patients, a total of 46 cases underwent resection, and the rate was 4.66%; compared with patients with one operation, the amount of postoperative wound bleeding was greater than that of patients with one operation, and the incidence of urethral stricture and bladder neck contracture was higher than that of patients with one operation. Statistically significant (P<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The re-operation rate of BPH patients after TURP is low, but there are still some patients with recurrence. The main reasons Including urethral stenosis, residual glands, postoperative wound bleeding, and bladder neck contracture. At the same time, implementing targeted preventive measures in combination with the above reasons can effectively reduce the risk of repeated electrocardiography. Ratio of surgical resection and improved long-term prognosis.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10905
Abdul-Malik Abdulai, Rahma Salifu
The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in the early part of 2020 and spread across the world, exposed the governance and decision-making processes as well as structural flaws in the healthcare system, but it also sparked the spirit of man to survive. The pandemic posed significant challenges to lives, health systems, and the economies of even the giant economic powers. Governments across the globe responded and continue to respond in various ways to control the spread and mitigate the consequences as much as possible. Differences exist across the regions regarding responses to the situation. Many countries have had different experiences and travelled on different and similar trajectories in the course of the pandemic. In this review, Europe, Asia, America, and Africa are compared and contrasted in their responses to the pandemic. The responses from France, India, the United States of America, and South Africa are analysed. The first cases that were recorded, the number of cases at lockdowns, the responses to the pandemic, and the leadership role of governments are all examined. Although the world rose to the challenge of the pandemic, it is imperative to develop deliberate global health system collaborations in the health information sector where knowledge and data are shared regularly and capacities are built to be able to mitigate quickly any future outbreak. Although the worst prediction for the African nations did not come to pass, they should individually and collaboratively develop robust healthcare systems, that can detect, prevent and manage future pandemics and also complement the global health system. There is also the need for coordination of information by national leaders to avoid conflict information that creates doubts in the minds of the people.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Responses to Covid 19 between Europe, Asia, America and Africa- A Literature Review of Four Nations","authors":"Abdul-Malik Abdulai, Rahma Salifu","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10905","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in the early part of 2020 and spread across the world, exposed the governance and decision-making processes as well as structural flaws in the healthcare system, but it also sparked the spirit of man to survive. The pandemic posed significant challenges to lives, health systems, and the economies of even the giant economic powers. Governments across the globe responded and continue to respond in various ways to control the spread and mitigate the consequences as much as possible. \u0000Differences exist across the regions regarding responses to the situation. Many countries have had different experiences and travelled on different and similar trajectories in the course of the pandemic. In this review, Europe, Asia, America, and Africa are compared and contrasted in their responses to the pandemic. The responses from France, India, the United States of America, and South Africa are analysed. The first cases that were recorded, the number of cases at lockdowns, the responses to the pandemic, and the leadership role of governments are all examined. \u0000Although the world rose to the challenge of the pandemic, it is imperative to develop deliberate global health system collaborations in the health information sector where knowledge and data are shared regularly and capacities are built to be able to mitigate quickly any future outbreak. Although the worst prediction for the African nations did not come to pass, they should individually and collaboratively develop robust healthcare systems, that can detect, prevent and manage future pandemics and also complement the global health system. There is also the need for coordination of information by national leaders to avoid conflict information that creates doubts in the minds of the people.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10904
A. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, C. Onyeaso
Background /Aim: The public health burden of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the need to increase the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in communities including the world of sports cannot be overemphasized. The study aimed at assessing the level of previous training, practice and present knowledge of bystander CPR among Nigerian athletes. Methods: A national cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of Nigerian athletes was carried out involving 25 different sporting events. The participants at the 21st National Sports Festival that held at Delta State, Nigeria filled the questionnaire, which was continued after the festival at some of their various states. The final data was analysed with the SPSS Version 25, using both descriptive and chi-square statistics, as well as one-sample t-test. The significance level was set at P < .05. Results: In all, 419 athletes participated in the study - 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD). On average, 67.86% of the athletes had never had any previous bystander CPR training while 55.73% never practiced the procedure. Significantly more of the athletes never had CPR bystander training before this study (P = .000), as well as no previous practice (P = .0000), which did not significantly differ between contact and non-contact sports athletes. Significantly more of them had poor bystander CPR theoretical knowledge (P = .000) that did not vary significantly between contact and non-contact sports athletes, with average of only 27.23% of the athletes giving correct answers. Conclusion: The study has revealed significantly low previous training, practice and poor knowledge of bystander CPR among Nigerian athletes. There is urgent need for organised, sustainable bystander CPR training facilities for Nigerian athletes.
{"title":"Nigerian Athletes’ Previous Training, Practice and Current Knowledge of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","authors":"A. Onyeaso, Smith O. Woji-Nyeche, Chibuotam O. Woji-Nyeche, C. Onyeaso","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10904","url":null,"abstract":"Background /Aim: The public health burden of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the need to increase the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in communities including the world of sports cannot be overemphasized. The study aimed at assessing the level of previous training, practice and present knowledge of bystander CPR among Nigerian athletes. \u0000Methods: A national cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of Nigerian athletes was carried out involving 25 different sporting events. The participants at the 21st National Sports Festival that held at Delta State, Nigeria filled the questionnaire, which was continued after the festival at some of their various states. The final data was analysed with the SPSS Version 25, using both descriptive and chi-square statistics, as well as one-sample t-test. The significance level was set at P < .05. \u0000Results: In all, 419 athletes participated in the study - 278 (66.3%) males and 141(33.7%) females with age range of 11- 49 years and mean age of 23.43 + 5.66 (SD). On average, 67.86% of the athletes had never had any previous bystander CPR training while 55.73% never practiced the procedure. Significantly more of the athletes never had CPR bystander training before this study (P = .000), as well as no previous practice (P = .0000), which did not significantly differ between contact and non-contact sports athletes. Significantly more of them had poor bystander CPR theoretical knowledge (P = .000) that did not vary significantly between contact and non-contact sports athletes, with average of only 27.23% of the athletes giving correct answers. \u0000Conclusion: The study has revealed significantly low previous training, practice and poor knowledge of bystander CPR among Nigerian athletes. There is urgent need for organised, sustainable bystander CPR training facilities for Nigerian athletes.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84950667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10902
K. Amit, Shubham Mishra
The present study examines the dependency among the elderly population of India, the distribution of dependency in the elderly population across states in India and the causes that are responsible for the dependency among elderly population in India. The study analyses the various data points present on the elderly population enumerated in the Population Census 2011 and the report “Elderly in India” [1] published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India [2]. The focus of the paper is on analyzing the status, distribution and the causes of old age dependency in India. A few government measures that have been taken in recent times to reduce the old age dependency in the country have also been included as a part of the research. In the end some suggestions how to improve the situation of the elderly population and therefore reduce dependency and promote a better quality of life to them have been provided.
{"title":"Geriatric Population Dependency in India: An Analytical Review","authors":"K. Amit, Shubham Mishra","doi":"10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i10902","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the dependency among the elderly population of India, the distribution of dependency in the elderly population across states in India and the causes that are responsible for the dependency among elderly population in India. The study analyses the various data points present on the elderly population enumerated in the Population Census 2011 and the report “Elderly in India” [1] published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India [2]. The focus of the paper is on analyzing the status, distribution and the causes of old age dependency in India. A few government measures that have been taken in recent times to reduce the old age dependency in the country have also been included as a part of the research. In the end some suggestions how to improve the situation of the elderly population and therefore reduce dependency and promote a better quality of life to them have been provided.","PeriodicalId":49491,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91247694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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