Rice grain yields can be affected by several parameters including mostly the climate, cultivars, soil types, and the fertilizer managements. In this study, the performance of two empirical models i.e. AquaCrop and artificial neural network models for simulating the grain yields of two most cultivated varieties including the Shirudi (high-yielding) and Tarom (low-yielding) in three contrasting soil series with different fertilizer managements, were calibrated and validated during 2016 and 2017 rice growing seasons for 459 paddy fields in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Both models were tested by correlation (R2 ), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM). Results indicate that the performance of both models were affected by the rice cultivar, soil type and soil fertilizer management for both calibration and validation datasets. The ability of both models proved to be satisfactorily applicable for spatial simulation of rice yields in northern Iran, but AquaCrop model was superior. The higher accuracy was observed in AquaCrop for the Shirudi cultivar (R2 =0.89; nRMSE=5.87%; CRM=0.03) compared to the Tarom (R2 =0.67; nRMSE=10.41% and CRM=0.04) for 2017 dataset demonstrating that the AquaCrop has more performance for high-yielding cultivar. Two models had lower accuracy in Esmaeilkola soil series with deep clay soil texture. The best accuracy was observed in paddy fields with optimum fertilizer managements for both models. Overall, it is possible to suggest that AquaCrop model could be used to simulate the spatial distribution of rice grain yield with an acceptable accuracy at province-scale and is applicable for local climate change related scenarios.
{"title":"Spatial Simulation of Rice Grain Yields by Empirical Models","authors":"Najmeh Koolaeian, E. Amiri","doi":"10.59665/rar3932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3932","url":null,"abstract":"Rice grain yields can be affected by several parameters including mostly the climate, cultivars, soil types, and the fertilizer managements. In this study, the performance of two empirical models i.e. AquaCrop and artificial neural network models for simulating the grain yields of two most cultivated varieties including the Shirudi (high-yielding) and Tarom (low-yielding) in three contrasting soil series with different fertilizer managements, were calibrated and validated during 2016 and 2017 rice growing seasons for 459 paddy fields in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Both models were tested by correlation (R2 ), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM). Results indicate that the performance of both models were affected by the rice cultivar, soil type and soil fertilizer management for both calibration and validation datasets. The ability of both models proved to be satisfactorily applicable for spatial simulation of rice yields in northern Iran, but AquaCrop model was superior. The higher accuracy was observed in AquaCrop for the Shirudi cultivar (R2 =0.89; nRMSE=5.87%; CRM=0.03) compared to the Tarom (R2 =0.67; nRMSE=10.41% and CRM=0.04) for 2017 dataset demonstrating that the AquaCrop has more performance for high-yielding cultivar. Two models had lower accuracy in Esmaeilkola soil series with deep clay soil texture. The best accuracy was observed in paddy fields with optimum fertilizer managements for both models. Overall, it is possible to suggest that AquaCrop model could be used to simulate the spatial distribution of rice grain yield with an acceptable accuracy at province-scale and is applicable for local climate change related scenarios.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotton is the most important fiber crop. Seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, lint yield, some fiber quality parameters and adaptation capability of eleven hybrid (F5-6) cotton genotype were assessed in this study at Antalya/Türkiye conditions. The study was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018. The level and significance of the relationships between genotype-traits and traits were determined by correlation, biplot and cluster analysis. Resulting, hybrid lines which 1102 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield, 1008 for seed cotton yield, ginning outturn and fiber yield, 1019 and 1103 for all the characters and Gloria cultivar for fiber parameters were significant. In addition, hybrids which line 1115 for seed cotton yield, fiber yield, spinning consistency index and fiber maturity, lines 1005, 1006, 1101, 1102, 1105 and Sure Grow 125 cultivar were found insignificant due to their high short fiber content. The fiber yield showed significant and positive correlation with seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, fiber maturity and fiber fineness, which were not affected by the year difference. The spinning consistency index determined by the combination of a plurality of fiber properties, it has always been found to have very important and positive correlation with fiber length, fiber strength and fiber uniformity index, negligible but positive with ginning outturn, whereas short fiber index was always significantly and negatively correlated.
{"title":"Comparison Of Yield and Fiber Properties by Correlation, Biplot and Cluster Analysis in Some Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Hybrids","authors":"M. Çetin, R. Güvercİn","doi":"10.59665/rar3920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3920","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is the most important fiber crop. Seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, lint yield, some fiber quality parameters and adaptation capability of eleven hybrid (F5-6) cotton genotype were assessed in this study at Antalya/Türkiye conditions. The study was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018. The level and significance of the relationships between genotype-traits and traits were determined by correlation, biplot and cluster analysis. Resulting, hybrid lines which 1102 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield, 1008 for seed cotton yield, ginning outturn and fiber yield, 1019 and 1103 for all the characters and Gloria cultivar for fiber parameters were significant. In addition, hybrids which line 1115 for seed cotton yield, fiber yield, spinning consistency index and fiber maturity, lines 1005, 1006, 1101, 1102, 1105 and Sure Grow 125 cultivar were found insignificant due to their high short fiber content. The fiber yield showed significant and positive correlation with seed cotton yield, ginning outturn, fiber maturity and fiber fineness, which were not affected by the year difference. The spinning consistency index determined by the combination of a plurality of fiber properties, it has always been found to have very important and positive correlation with fiber length, fiber strength and fiber uniformity index, negligible but positive with ginning outturn, whereas short fiber index was always significantly and negatively correlated.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of maximum temperature, rainfall and growing degree day on grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were studied during the period of available years (2005-2017) in the study sites. A polynomial equation was described the relationship between grain yield, maximum temperature and rainfall for four growing stages of winter wheat. The nonlinear relationships were used from time-series variations in temperatures, rainfall and yields. The maximum positive effects of rainfall (R2=0.72*) on grain yield was in the mid-season stage (heading, anthesis and grain filling) of the crop. However, there was a negative effect of temperature more than 30°C on grain yield. The highest negative effects (R2=0.31 through 0.86*) of maximum temperatures were in the crop development stages (vernalization and tillering). The yield might decrease about 2.5% for every 1°C increase in the growth period based on the daily mean temperature of 12.4°C for all the study locations. The critical maximum temperatures on threshold values declining yield and positive effects of rainfall on grain yield varied according to the altitudes and longitudes.
研究了2005-2017年有效年间最高温度、降雨量和生长日数对硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)产量的影响。用多项式方程描述了冬小麦4个生育期籽粒产量、最高温度和降雨量的关系。从温度、降雨和产量的时间序列变化中使用非线性关系。降雨对籽粒产量的最大正向影响(R2=0.72*)发生在作物的季中期(抽穗、开花和灌浆)。温度高于30℃对籽粒产量有负向影响。最高温度在作物发育阶段(春化和分蘖期)的负影响最大(R2=0.31 ~ 0.86*)。在日平均温度为12.4℃的条件下，各试验点的产量每增加1℃，产量就会下降2.5%左右。对产量下降阈值的临界最高温度和降雨对粮食产量的积极作用因海拔和经度而异。
{"title":"Critical Threshold Temperatures and Rainfall in Declining Grain Yield of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) During Crop Development Stages","authors":"O. Cetin, M. Yildirim, C. Akinci, A. Yarosh","doi":"10.59665/rar3924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3924","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of maximum temperature, rainfall and growing degree day on grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were studied during the period of available years (2005-2017) in the study sites. A polynomial equation was described the relationship between grain yield, maximum temperature and rainfall for four growing stages of winter wheat. The nonlinear relationships were used from time-series variations in temperatures, rainfall and yields. The maximum positive effects of rainfall (R2=0.72*) on grain yield was in the mid-season stage (heading, anthesis and grain filling) of the crop. However, there was a negative effect of temperature more than 30°C on grain yield. The highest negative effects (R2=0.31 through 0.86*) of maximum temperatures were in the crop development stages (vernalization and tillering). The yield might decrease about 2.5% for every 1°C increase in the growth period based on the daily mean temperature of 12.4°C for all the study locations. The critical maximum temperatures on threshold values declining yield and positive effects of rainfall on grain yield varied according to the altitudes and longitudes.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzad Dehpouri, D. B. Tari, Y. Niknejad, H. F. Amoli, E. Amiri
Research was conducted at the Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center (Gharakhil) from 2016 to 2018 on the effect of nitrogen consumption time and amount on the yield and efficiency of nitrogen consumption in corn. A complete block design with four replications was used. Treatments include N1: no fertilizer application (control); N2: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application in pre-plant; N3: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application in pre-plant; N4: 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilization in pre-plant; N5: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N6: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N7: 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilization in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N8: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]; N9: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]; N10: 180 kg ha-1 in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]. The agricultural activities were conducted according to regional customs. Based on the results, different levels and times of consumption affected the chlorophyll index yield and nitrogen use efficiency significantly. The highest grain yields were obtained by applying 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen before planting, and the chlorophyll index was found to be positively related to grain yield.
2016 - 2018年，在Mazandaran农业研究中心(Gharakhil)开展了氮素消耗时间和用量对玉米产量和氮素消耗效率的影响研究。采用完整区组设计，共4个重复。处理包括N1:不施肥(对照);N2:植前施氮60 kg hm -1;N3:植前施氮肥120 kg hm -1;N4:种前施氮180 kg hm -1;N5:分两期施氮60 kg hm -1[孕前50% + R1 50%];N6:分两期施氮肥120 kg hm -1[孕前50% + R1(丝期)50%];N7:分两期施氮180 kg hm -1[孕前50% + R1 50%];N8: 3期60 kg hm -1氮肥[种前33.33% + R1(制丝)33.33% + R3(制乳)33.33%];N9:分三期施肥120 kg hm -1氮肥[种前33.33% + R1(制丝)33.33% + R3(制奶)33.33%];N10:分三期180 kg hm -1[种前33.33% + R1(产丝)33.33% + R3(产奶)33.33%]。农业活动是根据地区习俗进行的。结果表明，不同消耗水平和消耗次数对叶绿素指数、产量和氮素利用效率影响显著。播前施氮量为120 kg hm -1时籽粒产量最高，且叶绿素指数与籽粒产量呈正相关。
{"title":"Study of Nitrogen Fertilization Management on Corn Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in the Southern Caspian Sea Region","authors":"Farzad Dehpouri, D. B. Tari, Y. Niknejad, H. F. Amoli, E. Amiri","doi":"10.59665/rar3935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3935","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted at the Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center (Gharakhil) from 2016 to 2018 on the effect of nitrogen consumption time and amount on the yield and efficiency of nitrogen consumption in corn. A complete block design with four replications was used. Treatments include N1: no fertilizer application (control); N2: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application in pre-plant; N3: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application in pre-plant; N4: 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilization in pre-plant; N5: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen application in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N6: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N7: 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilization in two stages [50% in pre-plant + 50% in R1(silking)]; N8: 60 kg ha-1 nitrogen in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]; N9: 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]; N10: 180 kg ha-1 in three stages [33.33% pre-plant + 33.33% in R1 (silking) + 33.33% in R3 (milk)]. The agricultural activities were conducted according to regional customs. Based on the results, different levels and times of consumption affected the chlorophyll index yield and nitrogen use efficiency significantly. The highest grain yields were obtained by applying 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen before planting, and the chlorophyll index was found to be positively related to grain yield.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Has, N. Tritean, Ana Copândeanu, Carmen Vana, A. Varga, R. Călugăr, Lorenada Ceclan, Alina-Simona Simion
Climate change effects on maize performance have been already detectable during the last twenty years in many parts of the world. This study aims to assess the relationship between climatic factors and maize yield, grain moisture at harvest and resistance of plants to broken and stalk lodging, with reference to maize hybrids created at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS), in the centre area of Romania. The purpose of this study was to detect trends in the yield ability of 35 maize hybrids (18 historical and 17 recently released) and the possible association with weather trends. A significant increase in temperature both during vegetative growth and grain filling was observed, while rainfall presented a decrease in the critical period of flowering and grain-filling, during the last two decades (2000-2020), with large year to year variations. During the analyzed period, yields of the historical hybrids showed a reduction trend from -72 kg/ha/year for FAO groups 210-300, to -272 kg/ha/year for FAO groups over 300. The average yield of recently released hybrids showed an increasing trend from +91 kg/ha/year for FAO 300-hybrids, to +215 kg/ha/year for FAO groups 210-300. This suggests that genetic progress reflected in the release of new maize hybrids was able to counteract the negative effect of climate change seen on the yield of the historical hybrids. The yield difference between recently released hybrids and the historical ones showed the rate of genetic progress of +171 kg/ha/year for very early hybrids, +116 kg/ha/year for early hybrids, and +275 kg/ha/year for semi-early hybrids.
{"title":"The Impact of Climate Change and Genetic Progress on Performance of Old and Recent Released Maize Hybrids Created at the ARDS Turda","authors":"V. Has, N. Tritean, Ana Copândeanu, Carmen Vana, A. Varga, R. Călugăr, Lorenada Ceclan, Alina-Simona Simion","doi":"10.59665/rar3910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3910","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change effects on maize performance have been already detectable during the last twenty years in many parts of the world. This study aims to assess the relationship between climatic factors and maize yield, grain moisture at harvest and resistance of plants to broken and stalk lodging, with reference to maize hybrids created at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS), in the centre area of Romania. The purpose of this study was to detect trends in the yield ability of 35 maize hybrids (18 historical and 17 recently released) and the possible association with weather trends. A significant increase in temperature both during vegetative growth and grain filling was observed, while rainfall presented a decrease in the critical period of flowering and grain-filling, during the last two decades (2000-2020), with large year to year variations. During the analyzed period, yields of the historical hybrids showed a reduction trend from -72 kg/ha/year for FAO groups 210-300, to -272 kg/ha/year for FAO groups over 300. The average yield of recently released hybrids showed an increasing trend from +91 kg/ha/year for FAO 300-hybrids, to +215 kg/ha/year for FAO groups 210-300. This suggests that genetic progress reflected in the release of new maize hybrids was able to counteract the negative effect of climate change seen on the yield of the historical hybrids. The yield difference between recently released hybrids and the historical ones showed the rate of genetic progress of +171 kg/ha/year for very early hybrids, +116 kg/ha/year for early hybrids, and +275 kg/ha/year for semi-early hybrids.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vaezi, Naser Sabgahnia, A. Mehraban, H. Hatami-Maleki
Plant breeding has been concerned with genotype by environment (GE) interaction and high yielding genotypes with stable performance are desirable while this target is difficult to achieve due to high environmental variations and unpredictable GE interaction. Stability of grain yield performance of 18 barley genotypes was evaluated at 5 locations for 3 years in the rainfed conditions and it was studied through 25 nonparametric stability methods. Four nonparametric tests indicated highly significant GE interaction due to differential performance of genotypes across fifteen environments. Regarding mean yield and six Hühn’s statistics, genotype G12 (1946 kg ha-1) was the most favorable genotype while based on the RN1, G4, G10 and G11 were the most stable genotypes. Genotypes G4, G8 and G10 were the most favorable genotypes according to rank-sum while genotypes G2, G13 and G18 were the most favorable genotypes based on nonparametric superiority. The relative interactivity index identified G4, G16 and G8 as the most stable genotypes while the genotypic classification identified G1, G2, G13 and G18 as the most stable genotypes. Clustering of the nonparametric stability methods indicated that there were two groups with different static and dynamic characteristics. In this study, five nonparametric stability methods as GC, FM, PA, RN2 and KR2 were associated with high grain yield and reflected the dynamic concept of stability, but the other twenty nonparametric stability methods were not positively correlated with yield and characterized a static concept of stability. Finally, genotypes genotype G13 (2114.13 kg ha-1) and G18 (2062.69 kg ha-1) were found to be the most favorable genotypes and are thus recommended for commercial release in semiarid areas of Iran.
植物育种一直关注环境相互作用下的基因型，高产且性能稳定的基因型是人们追求的目标，但由于环境的高度变化和基因相互作用的不可预测性，这一目标很难实现。采用25种非参数稳定性方法，对18个大麦基因型在5个地点3年旱作条件下的籽粒产量性能稳定性进行了评价。四项非参数测试表明，由于基因型在15种环境中的差异表现，转基因相互作用非常显著。从平均产量和h hn’s 6项统计数据来看，G12 (1946 kg ha-1)是最有利的基因型，而基于RN1, G4、G10和G11是最稳定的基因型。G4、G8和G10基因型为最有利基因型，G2、G13和G18基因型为最有利基因型。相对互作指数鉴定G4、G16和G8为最稳定基因型，基因型分类鉴定G1、G2、G13和G18为最稳定基因型。对非参数稳定性方法的聚类分析表明，存在静态和动态特性不同的两组。在本研究中，GC、FM、PA、RN2和KR2等5种非参数稳定方法与高产相关，体现了动态稳定概念，而其他20种非参数稳定方法与高产不呈正相关，体现了静态稳定概念。最后，基因型G13 (2114.13 kg ha-1)和G18 (2062.69 kg ha-1)被认为是最有利的基因型，因此建议在伊朗半干旱地区进行商业释放。
{"title":"Nonparametric Analysis of Genotype Grain Yield Performance of Barley Trials Based on Ranks","authors":"B. Vaezi, Naser Sabgahnia, A. Mehraban, H. Hatami-Maleki","doi":"10.59665/rar3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3911","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeding has been concerned with genotype by environment (GE) interaction and high yielding genotypes with stable performance are desirable while this target is difficult to achieve due to high environmental variations and unpredictable GE interaction. Stability of grain yield performance of 18 barley genotypes was evaluated at 5 locations for 3 years in the rainfed conditions and it was studied through 25 nonparametric stability methods. Four nonparametric tests indicated highly significant GE interaction due to differential performance of genotypes across fifteen environments. Regarding mean yield and six Hühn’s statistics, genotype G12 (1946 kg ha-1) was the most favorable genotype while based on the RN1, G4, G10 and G11 were the most stable genotypes. Genotypes G4, G8 and G10 were the most favorable genotypes according to rank-sum while genotypes G2, G13 and G18 were the most favorable genotypes based on nonparametric superiority. The relative interactivity index identified G4, G16 and G8 as the most stable genotypes while the genotypic classification identified G1, G2, G13 and G18 as the most stable genotypes. Clustering of the nonparametric stability methods indicated that there were two groups with different static and dynamic characteristics. In this study, five nonparametric stability methods as GC, FM, PA, RN2 and KR2 were associated with high grain yield and reflected the dynamic concept of stability, but the other twenty nonparametric stability methods were not positively correlated with yield and characterized a static concept of stability. Finally, genotypes genotype G13 (2114.13 kg ha-1) and G18 (2062.69 kg ha-1) were found to be the most favorable genotypes and are thus recommended for commercial release in semiarid areas of Iran.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Delchev, A. Stoyanova, R. Sturzu, J. Cojocaru, C. Melucă
During the period 2018-2020 a field experiment has been carried out with the oil-bearing sunflower hybrid P64LЕ121 (Helianthus annuus L.). It is a sulfo tolerant hybrid by ExpressSun technology. A total of 25 variants were investigated. They included untreated control, 2 herbicides applied alone in addition with adjuvant Trend 90, 10 herbicide tank mixtures and 10 herbicide combinations. Soil-applied combined herbicides were performed during after sowing before emergence period of the sunflower. Foliar-applied herbicides were performed during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full control of annual broadleaved weeds in ExpressSun oil-bearing is provided by a single treatment with herbicide Fluence at a dose of 40 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express at a dose of 60 g/ha applied during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full controls of perennial broadleaved weeds is provided by two treatments with herbicide Fluence in doses of 20+20 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express in doses of 30+30 g/ha, applied during 3-4 leaf and 7-8 leaf sunflower stages. In the presence of annual and perennial broadleaved and graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide tank mixtures together with foliar-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Fusilade forte, Stratos ultra or Targa max. In the absence of perennial graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply herbicides Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide combinations with soil-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Dual gold or Indipen. The highest seed yield is obtained by herbicide tank mixture Fluence + Fusilade forte, followed by herbicide tank mixture Evorelle express + Stratos ultra. High seed yields are also obtained by use of herbicide combinations Indipen + Evorelle express and Dual gold + Fluence.
{"title":"Efficacy of Herbicides, Herbicide Tank Mixtures and Herbicide Combinations on Express Sun Oil-Bearing Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)","authors":"G. Delchev, A. Stoyanova, R. Sturzu, J. Cojocaru, C. Melucă","doi":"10.59665/rar3941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3941","url":null,"abstract":"During the period 2018-2020 a field experiment has been carried out with the oil-bearing sunflower hybrid P64LЕ121 (Helianthus annuus L.). It is a sulfo tolerant hybrid by ExpressSun technology. A total of 25 variants were investigated. They included untreated control, 2 herbicides applied alone in addition with adjuvant Trend 90, 10 herbicide tank mixtures and 10 herbicide combinations. Soil-applied combined herbicides were performed during after sowing before emergence period of the sunflower. Foliar-applied herbicides were performed during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full control of annual broadleaved weeds in ExpressSun oil-bearing is provided by a single treatment with herbicide Fluence at a dose of 40 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express at a dose of 60 g/ha applied during 3-4 leaf sunflower stage. Full controls of perennial broadleaved weeds is provided by two treatments with herbicide Fluence in doses of 20+20 g/ha or with herbicide Evorelle express in doses of 30+30 g/ha, applied during 3-4 leaf and 7-8 leaf sunflower stages. In the presence of annual and perennial broadleaved and graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide tank mixtures together with foliar-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Fusilade forte, Stratos ultra or Targa max. In the absence of perennial graminaceous weeds, it is necessary to apply herbicides Fluence and Evorelle express as herbicide combinations with soil-applied antigraminaceous herbicides Dual gold or Indipen. The highest seed yield is obtained by herbicide tank mixture Fluence + Fusilade forte, followed by herbicide tank mixture Evorelle express + Stratos ultra. High seed yields are also obtained by use of herbicide combinations Indipen + Evorelle express and Dual gold + Fluence.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Duca, A. Port, Ion Burcovschi, M. Joița-Păcureanu, Mihaela Dan
Seed yield stability, being strong influenced of environmental factors, remains the most important objective of sunflower breeding. In present research have been assessed 8 yield related traits at 25 sunflower hybrids, in two growing season (2019, 2020), under different weather conditions in Soroca district from the northeast of the Republic of Moldova. The principal component analysis, correlative and multicollinearity statistics highlighted their clustering according to different categories: commercial, experimental and in testing phase for hybrid performance, indicating the diverse nature of hybrids. The correlation profile of yield related traits at the commercial hybrids contrasts with that of the tested and experimental hybrids which in both evaluated years, is more heterogeneous in context of the strength and direction of correlation. The parameters achene weight per head and number of achene per head, followed by seed yield and head diameter have the highest degree of variation related to growing season. Most negative correlations are found for correlation pairs with variables 1000 seed weight and hectolitre mass of seeds, which are moderate and high for the tested and experimental hybrids, and predominantly low for the commercial ones. The commercial hybrids were more sensitive to the drought stress of the 2020 growing season, responding by a greater decrease of the majority of analyzed agronomic indices. At the same time the correlations between different traits indicated a pattern similar to previous year. Contrary, the experimental hybrids and those in the testing phase showed small changes in the values of agronomic traits that suggest a greater tolerance to drought conditions, as well as less correlations between different indices. The results have several implications for the future breeding, genotype evaluation and recommendation of sunflower hybrids for production in the local regions of growth.
{"title":"Environmental Response in Sunflower Hybrids: a Multivariate Approach","authors":"M. Duca, A. Port, Ion Burcovschi, M. Joița-Păcureanu, Mihaela Dan","doi":"10.59665/rar3914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3914","url":null,"abstract":"Seed yield stability, being strong influenced of environmental factors, remains the most important objective of sunflower breeding. In present research have been assessed 8 yield related traits at 25 sunflower hybrids, in two growing season (2019, 2020), under different weather conditions in Soroca district from the northeast of the Republic of Moldova. The principal component analysis, correlative and multicollinearity statistics highlighted their clustering according to different categories: commercial, experimental and in testing phase for hybrid performance, indicating the diverse nature of hybrids. The correlation profile of yield related traits at the commercial hybrids contrasts with that of the tested and experimental hybrids which in both evaluated years, is more heterogeneous in context of the strength and direction of correlation. The parameters achene weight per head and number of achene per head, followed by seed yield and head diameter have the highest degree of variation related to growing season. Most negative correlations are found for correlation pairs with variables 1000 seed weight and hectolitre mass of seeds, which are moderate and high for the tested and experimental hybrids, and predominantly low for the commercial ones. The commercial hybrids were more sensitive to the drought stress of the 2020 growing season, responding by a greater decrease of the majority of analyzed agronomic indices. At the same time the correlations between different traits indicated a pattern similar to previous year. Contrary, the experimental hybrids and those in the testing phase showed small changes in the values of agronomic traits that suggest a greater tolerance to drought conditions, as well as less correlations between different indices. The results have several implications for the future breeding, genotype evaluation and recommendation of sunflower hybrids for production in the local regions of growth.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Demydov, V. Hudzenko, I. Pravdziva, A. Siroshtan, H. Volohdina, O. Zaima, Yuliia Suddenko
Since the yield and quality of wheat grain significantly depends on genetic potential of the variety in interaction with environmental conditions and cultivation technology, so it have been studied features of the manifestation and variability of yield and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat depending on growing season conditions, genotype, sowing date and preceding crop in environment of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. The conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on yield, 1000 kernel weight, and test weight. The preceding crop had more influence on yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content; sowing date had more influence on yield. The significant influence of the genotype on the water absorption of flour, dough tenacity, alveogram configuration ratio, bread volume and evaluation score, protein content was established. There were determined the quality indicators with stable strong correlations under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The identified features of the manifestation and variation of grain quality indicators should be taken into account when growing winter bread wheat for baking, as well as in breeding process to increase the efficiency of selection of promising genotypes, reduce the number of tests and “capacity” of laboratories.
{"title":"Manifestation and Variability Level of Yield and Grain Quality Indicators in Winter Bread Wheat Depending on Natural and Anthropogenic Factors","authors":"O. Demydov, V. Hudzenko, I. Pravdziva, A. Siroshtan, H. Volohdina, O. Zaima, Yuliia Suddenko","doi":"10.59665/rar3917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3917","url":null,"abstract":"Since the yield and quality of wheat grain significantly depends on genetic potential of the variety in interaction with environmental conditions and cultivation technology, so it have been studied features of the manifestation and variability of yield and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat depending on growing season conditions, genotype, sowing date and preceding crop in environment of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. The conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on yield, 1000 kernel weight, and test weight. The preceding crop had more influence on yield, test weight, 1000 kernel weight, protein content; sowing date had more influence on yield. The significant influence of the genotype on the water absorption of flour, dough tenacity, alveogram configuration ratio, bread volume and evaluation score, protein content was established. There were determined the quality indicators with stable strong correlations under the influence of various natural and anthropogenic factors. The identified features of the manifestation and variation of grain quality indicators should be taken into account when growing winter bread wheat for baking, as well as in breeding process to increase the efficiency of selection of promising genotypes, reduce the number of tests and “capacity” of laboratories.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Excess of some heavy metals as copper lead and cadmium are significant contaminants for agricultural soils, and they affect plant life cycles by changing their defense enzymes and mineral element contents. This study was aimed to determine the effects of copper, lead and cadmium (Cu, Pb, and Cd) on the mineral concentration and antioxidant, enzymes activities in root and leaves of corn. They changed mineral elements content in roots and leaves of plants. Cd and Pb levels increased depending on applied doses in growth medium. Pb and Cd treatment showed harmful effect by limiting uptake of nutrients to the roots. Cu application increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the plant roots; whereas Pb increased APX activity and Cd increased both SOD and APX activities. Their applications decreased enzyme activities in leaves compared to control. This study showed that Cd has limited the level of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc in roots. Pb induced the uptake of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in leaves.
{"title":"Determination of Changes in Nutritional Elements and Antioxidant Amounts in the Plant by Application of Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb, Cd) to Corn Plant (Zea Mays L.)","authors":"S. Sahin, D. Kısa, S. B. Ataklı","doi":"10.59665/rar3906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3906","url":null,"abstract":"Excess of some heavy metals as copper lead and cadmium are significant contaminants for agricultural soils, and they affect plant life cycles by changing their defense enzymes and mineral element contents. This study was aimed to determine the effects of copper, lead and cadmium (Cu, Pb, and Cd) on the mineral concentration and antioxidant, enzymes activities in root and leaves of corn. They changed mineral elements content in roots and leaves of plants. Cd and Pb levels increased depending on applied doses in growth medium. Pb and Cd treatment showed harmful effect by limiting uptake of nutrients to the roots. Cu application increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the plant roots; whereas Pb increased APX activity and Cd increased both SOD and APX activities. Their applications decreased enzyme activities in leaves compared to control. This study showed that Cd has limited the level of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc in roots. Pb induced the uptake of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in leaves.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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