Siavash Pourjani, H. Aminpanah, Mohamad Naghi Safarzad Vishkaei
Intercropping and bio-fertilizer application play important roles in sustainable agro-ecosystems. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Northern Iran, to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on the growth and yield of a peanut/maize intercropping system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Factors were Azotobacter application [control (non-inoculated) and inoculation (with Azotobacter chroococcum) and different maize (Zea mays L.)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping pattern (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, 50% peanut + 100% maize, 50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut + 33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Sole cropping of peanut and maize were also used. Results showed that averaged across years and intercropping patterns, grain yields of peanut and maize were significantly increased by 10% and 16%, respectively, in inoculated plots compared to non-inoculated ones. Azotobacter also had a positive significant effect on nitrogen concentration of grain, while it had no significant effect on oil concentration of peanut grain and significantly decreased the oil concentration of maize grain. Land equivalent ratio (LER) ranged from 1.05 to 1.70, indicating more efficient and productive use of environmental resources by intercrops. Results also showed that inoculated intercropped plots had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. The highest LER was observed for inoculated plot with 100% peanut + 50% maize intercropping pattern (1.70), while the lowest one was recorded for non-inoculated plot with 50% peanut + 50% maize intercropping pattern (1.05). Based on the result of this experiment, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application is recommended to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system.
{"title":"Increasing the Productivity of Intercropping Corn and Peanuts by Inoculation with Azotobacter Chroococcum","authors":"Siavash Pourjani, H. Aminpanah, Mohamad Naghi Safarzad Vishkaei","doi":"10.59665/rar3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3930","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping and bio-fertilizer application play important roles in sustainable agro-ecosystems. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Northern Iran, to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on the growth and yield of a peanut/maize intercropping system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates. Factors were Azotobacter application [control (non-inoculated) and inoculation (with Azotobacter chroococcum) and different maize (Zea mays L.)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping pattern (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, 50% peanut + 100% maize, 50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut + 33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Sole cropping of peanut and maize were also used. Results showed that averaged across years and intercropping patterns, grain yields of peanut and maize were significantly increased by 10% and 16%, respectively, in inoculated plots compared to non-inoculated ones. Azotobacter also had a positive significant effect on nitrogen concentration of grain, while it had no significant effect on oil concentration of peanut grain and significantly decreased the oil concentration of maize grain. Land equivalent ratio (LER) ranged from 1.05 to 1.70, indicating more efficient and productive use of environmental resources by intercrops. Results also showed that inoculated intercropped plots had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. The highest LER was observed for inoculated plot with 100% peanut + 50% maize intercropping pattern (1.70), while the lowest one was recorded for non-inoculated plot with 50% peanut + 50% maize intercropping pattern (1.05). Based on the result of this experiment, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application is recommended to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Burescu, Eugenia Adriana Morar-Burescu, Simina Florica Ștef, I. Vlad, S. Bartha, I. Pop, Iglicea Bojinescu-Rostescu
The aim of our research is to develop a floristic, phytocenological, ecological, cytogenetic, economic, syndynamic and ecoprotective study of the vegetation of the dominant grasslands of Festuca valesiaca Scleicher ex Gaudin and Agrostis capillaris L. in the North-West region of Romania. A numer of 20 phytocenological surveys were carried out in the most representative sample areas in order to find answers to the five objectives pursued. The species from the floristic inventory of the grasslands are included in the Association table according to the cenotic affinity criteria as characteristic and differential entities for the cenotaxons of the alliance, order and class. The phytocoenoses of the grasslands gathered in the association Agrostio-Festucetum valesiacae are statistically analysedin the results based on tables, histograms, dendrograms, diagrams on the distribution of species in ecological bioforms categories, phytogeographic elements, cytogenetic elements, ecological indices or factors: soil moisture, air temperature, soil chemical reaction. The succession dynamics of phytocoeneoses, the economic value and the productive potential, the sustainable and eco-protective management of the grasslands were all studied. The results thus obtained were compared with two reference papers belonging to authors who conducted more recent studies in different geographical regions. Eight conclusions were drafted in which both the results of the research and the original contribution of the authors are summarized.
本研究的目的是对罗马尼亚西北地区羊茅(festua valesiaca, Scleicher ex Gaudin)和毛梗草(Agrostis capillaris L.)的优势草地进行植物区系、植物新学、生态学、细胞遗传学、经济学、生态动力学和生态保护研究。在最具代表性的样本地区进行了20次植物古生物学调查，以便找到所追求的五个目标的答案。根据类群亲和性标准，将草原植物区系清单中的物种作为联盟、目、纲新分类单元的特征和差异实体纳入关联表。摘要采用生态形态分类、植物地理要素、细胞遗传学要素、土壤湿度、气温、土壤化学反应等生态指标或因子的表、直方图、树形图、分布图等方法，对收集到的草地植物群落进行统计分析。研究了草原植被群落演替动态、经济价值和生产潜力、可持续和生态保护管理。由此获得的结果与作者在不同地理区域进行更近期研究的两篇参考论文进行了比较。总结了八个结论，总结了研究结果和作者的原创性贡献。
{"title":"Vegetation And Productive Potential of Dominant Grasslands by Festuca Valesiaca and Agrostis Capillaris in Northwestern Romania","authors":"L. Burescu, Eugenia Adriana Morar-Burescu, Simina Florica Ștef, I. Vlad, S. Bartha, I. Pop, Iglicea Bojinescu-Rostescu","doi":"10.59665/rar3950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3950","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research is to develop a floristic, phytocenological, ecological, cytogenetic, economic, syndynamic and ecoprotective study of the vegetation of the dominant grasslands of Festuca valesiaca Scleicher ex Gaudin and Agrostis capillaris L. in the North-West region of Romania. A numer of 20 phytocenological surveys were carried out in the most representative sample areas in order to find answers to the five objectives pursued. The species from the floristic inventory of the grasslands are included in the Association table according to the cenotic affinity criteria as characteristic and differential entities for the cenotaxons of the alliance, order and class. The phytocoenoses of the grasslands gathered in the association Agrostio-Festucetum valesiacae are statistically analysedin the results based on tables, histograms, dendrograms, diagrams on the distribution of species in ecological bioforms categories, phytogeographic elements, cytogenetic elements, ecological indices or factors: soil moisture, air temperature, soil chemical reaction. The succession dynamics of phytocoeneoses, the economic value and the productive potential, the sustainable and eco-protective management of the grasslands were all studied. The results thus obtained were compared with two reference papers belonging to authors who conducted more recent studies in different geographical regions. Eight conclusions were drafted in which both the results of the research and the original contribution of the authors are summarized.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Cizmaș, A. Cociu, V. Mandea, C. Marinciu, Gabriela Șerban, Nicolae N. Săulescu
No-till (NT) is a component of conservation agriculture that can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce costs, soil erosion and fertility decline. Yields under NT can be improved by optimising crop management practices, including better adapted cultivars. To explore possibilities opened by identifying wheat cultivars better adapted to NT agriculture, eight cultivars were tested in parallel yield trials organized in South Romania, during six years, under NT after soybeans or maize and under Traditional agriculture. The average performance of cultivars under no-till agriculture was not significantly correlated with the performance under the traditional system, with correlation coefficients higher and close to significance between NT system after maize and traditional system (r=0.69) and even negative but non-significant between NT after soybeans and traditional system. Cultivars reacted differently to NT agriculture, the yield differences between NT and traditional system averaged over six years varying from -419 kg ha-1 to more than 1000 kg ha-1 . Years, Crop Management Systems and Cultivars (in this order of impact), as well as the interactions between Cultivars*Years, and Systems*Years, had significant effects on the variation of the yield differences between agricultural systems. These results underline the importance of yield testing under NT for appropriate recommendation of most suitable cultivars, and suggest that genetic progress in creating cultivars more adapted to conservation agriculture is possible.
免耕(NT)是保护性农业的一个组成部分，可以增强对气候变化的抵御能力，减少成本、土壤侵蚀和肥力下降。通过优化作物管理措施，包括培育适应性更好的品种，可以提高NT下的产量。为了探索鉴定更适合NT农业的小麦品种所带来的可能性，在罗马尼亚南部组织了为期六年的平行产量试验，分别在大豆或玉米之后的NT和传统农业下对8个品种进行了测试。免耕制度下各品种的平均产量与传统制度下的产量相关性不显著，玉米后NT制度与传统制度的相关系数较高且接近显著(r=0.69)，大豆后NT制度与传统制度的相关系数为负但不显著。不同品种对NT农业的反应不同，NT与传统系统6年平均产量差异从-419 kg ha-1到超过1000 kg ha-1不等。年份、作物管理制度和品种(按影响顺序排列)以及品种*年份和制度*年份之间的相互作用对农业制度间产量差异的变化有显著影响。这些结果强调了NT下产量测试对于适当推荐最合适的品种的重要性，并表明在创造更适合保护性农业的品种方面取得遗传进展是可能的。
{"title":"Wheat Cultivar Performance Under No-Till and Traditional Agriculture","authors":"G. Cizmaș, A. Cociu, V. Mandea, C. Marinciu, Gabriela Șerban, Nicolae N. Săulescu","doi":"10.59665/rar3943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3943","url":null,"abstract":"No-till (NT) is a component of conservation agriculture that can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce costs, soil erosion and fertility decline. Yields under NT can be improved by optimising crop management practices, including better adapted cultivars. To explore possibilities opened by identifying wheat cultivars better adapted to NT agriculture, eight cultivars were tested in parallel yield trials organized in South Romania, during six years, under NT after soybeans or maize and under Traditional agriculture. The average performance of cultivars under no-till agriculture was not significantly correlated with the performance under the traditional system, with correlation coefficients higher and close to significance between NT system after maize and traditional system (r=0.69) and even negative but non-significant between NT after soybeans and traditional system. Cultivars reacted differently to NT agriculture, the yield differences between NT and traditional system averaged over six years varying from -419 kg ha-1 to more than 1000 kg ha-1 . Years, Crop Management Systems and Cultivars (in this order of impact), as well as the interactions between Cultivars*Years, and Systems*Years, had significant effects on the variation of the yield differences between agricultural systems. These results underline the importance of yield testing under NT for appropriate recommendation of most suitable cultivars, and suggest that genetic progress in creating cultivars more adapted to conservation agriculture is possible.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunflower yield and quality can be significantly increased by optimizing agricultural practices and in corroboration with plant characteristics and environment. Sowing time and plant population are two important factors which affects vegetation and sunflower production. The paper focuses on the influence of these factors in conjunction with other technological elements and the climatic evolution on the final production and its quality in the southern part of the country. The researches were performed during the 2019-2021, in the experimental field of NARDI Fundulea and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sowing date, plant population and climatic conditions on the yield and quality of sunflower. Experimental treatment comprised three different sowing dates (I - April 1, II - April 15 and III - May 1), using three sunflower hybrids (FD15E27, FD19E42 and Performer) and three plant populations (30,000, 50,000 and 70,000 plants/hectare). Rainfall was uneven during the growing season, from year to year, and maximum sunflower production and quality was maximized from medium plant density and earlier sowing dates, depending on hybrid and technology. The oil content varied widely between 44.2-50.0% depending on the hybrid and plant density and sowing date. The early sowing date led to increase of oil content, which was depending on climatic conditions and plant populations. The primary source of variation was the sowing date, the difference between oil content in early and late sowing dates was influenced by plant population, hybrid and year varying from 0.7% to 5.8%. The seeds yield and quality of the sunflower were significantly influenced by the climatic conditions of the agricultural year, the sowing date, the plant population and used hybrids, as well as the interaction between these factors.
{"title":"Sunflower Yield and Quality Under the Influence of Sowing Date, Plant Population and the Hybrid","authors":"E. Partal","doi":"10.59665/rar3944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3944","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower yield and quality can be significantly increased by optimizing agricultural practices and in corroboration with plant characteristics and environment. Sowing time and plant population are two important factors which affects vegetation and sunflower production. The paper focuses on the influence of these factors in conjunction with other technological elements and the climatic evolution on the final production and its quality in the southern part of the country. The researches were performed during the 2019-2021, in the experimental field of NARDI Fundulea and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sowing date, plant population and climatic conditions on the yield and quality of sunflower. Experimental treatment comprised three different sowing dates (I - April 1, II - April 15 and III - May 1), using three sunflower hybrids (FD15E27, FD19E42 and Performer) and three plant populations (30,000, 50,000 and 70,000 plants/hectare). Rainfall was uneven during the growing season, from year to year, and maximum sunflower production and quality was maximized from medium plant density and earlier sowing dates, depending on hybrid and technology. The oil content varied widely between 44.2-50.0% depending on the hybrid and plant density and sowing date. The early sowing date led to increase of oil content, which was depending on climatic conditions and plant populations. The primary source of variation was the sowing date, the difference between oil content in early and late sowing dates was influenced by plant population, hybrid and year varying from 0.7% to 5.8%. The seeds yield and quality of the sunflower were significantly influenced by the climatic conditions of the agricultural year, the sowing date, the plant population and used hybrids, as well as the interaction between these factors.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Popa, A. Buburuz, E. Trotuș, N. Vladut, G. Teliban, A. Agapie, I. Puiu, M. Burducea, C. Melucă, Paula-Lucelia Pintilie, G. Matei
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multifunctional crop that can be processed to obtain many different products like food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, recyclable and compostable biomaterials, energy, while having a positive effect on the environment. As the world market for industrial hemp seeds and oil is on rise, research has been carried out in the climatic conditions of Central Moldova in order to obtain a new genotype of monoecious hemp in accordance with the requirements of the European market and beyond. Olivia is a new monoecious hemp variety for seed, created at Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț, being homologated in 2020. It was patented in 2021 and is registered in the Official European Catalog of Varieties. It was obtained by repeated hybridization (dioecious form Chi65 - female partner and monoecious form Z59 - male partner), isolation in space and repeated selection. This new variety is characterized by stems with a length of 2.6-3.2 m. The yield is of 9.5-11.0 tha-1 of stems and 1600-2000 kg ha-1of seed.
{"title":"Recent Progress in Monoecious Hemp Variety for Seed, Obtained in Romania","authors":"L. Popa, A. Buburuz, E. Trotuș, N. Vladut, G. Teliban, A. Agapie, I. Puiu, M. Burducea, C. Melucă, Paula-Lucelia Pintilie, G. Matei","doi":"10.59665/rar3918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3918","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multifunctional crop that can be processed to obtain many different products like food, feed, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, recyclable and compostable biomaterials, energy, while having a positive effect on the environment. As the world market for industrial hemp seeds and oil is on rise, research has been carried out in the climatic conditions of Central Moldova in order to obtain a new genotype of monoecious hemp in accordance with the requirements of the European market and beyond. Olivia is a new monoecious hemp variety for seed, created at Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț, being homologated in 2020. It was patented in 2021 and is registered in the Official European Catalog of Varieties. It was obtained by repeated hybridization (dioecious form Chi65 - female partner and monoecious form Z59 - male partner), isolation in space and repeated selection. This new variety is characterized by stems with a length of 2.6-3.2 m. The yield is of 9.5-11.0 tha-1 of stems and 1600-2000 kg ha-1of seed.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehrali Shahmardan, E. R. Petroudi, Alireza Daneshmand, H. Mobasser
In order to study the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) sources on yield components, seed yield, seed oil content and nutrient concentrations in canola grain at normal and late planting dates, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot-factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ghaemshahr Agricultural Research Station during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. Planting dates as the main plot at two levels (normal planting date, late planting date), silicon fertilizer sources at three levels (control, calcium silicate, nano-Si) and zinc fertilizer sources at three levels (control, zinc sulfate, nano-Zn) were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that all the agronomical and physiological traits studied improved in the normal planting date, while delay in planting date led to a significant reduction in the traits. Application of Si and Zn by both nanoparticles (NPs) and conventional forms significantly increased the yield components, seed yield, seed oil content and nutrient uptake in grain compared to the control plants. There was no significant difference between application of nano-Si and calcium silicate in terms of rapeseed yield and quality. The nano-Zn treated plants showed both higher seed yield and higher nutrient uptake, when compared to zinc sulfate treated plants. The combined application of Si with Zn, especially in the form of nanoparticles resulted in higher seed oil content than the application of Si or Zn alone. In general, the application of Si and Zn in the form of nanoparticles at normal planting date is a promising option to increasing seed yield and improving nutrient uptake in rapeseed.
{"title":"Effects of Silicon and Zinc Sources on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Canola at Normal and Late Planting Dates","authors":"Mehrali Shahmardan, E. R. Petroudi, Alireza Daneshmand, H. Mobasser","doi":"10.59665/rar3933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3933","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effects of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) sources on yield components, seed yield, seed oil content and nutrient concentrations in canola grain at normal and late planting dates, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot-factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Ghaemshahr Agricultural Research Station during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. Planting dates as the main plot at two levels (normal planting date, late planting date), silicon fertilizer sources at three levels (control, calcium silicate, nano-Si) and zinc fertilizer sources at three levels (control, zinc sulfate, nano-Zn) were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that all the agronomical and physiological traits studied improved in the normal planting date, while delay in planting date led to a significant reduction in the traits. Application of Si and Zn by both nanoparticles (NPs) and conventional forms significantly increased the yield components, seed yield, seed oil content and nutrient uptake in grain compared to the control plants. There was no significant difference between application of nano-Si and calcium silicate in terms of rapeseed yield and quality. The nano-Zn treated plants showed both higher seed yield and higher nutrient uptake, when compared to zinc sulfate treated plants. The combined application of Si with Zn, especially in the form of nanoparticles resulted in higher seed oil content than the application of Si or Zn alone. In general, the application of Si and Zn in the form of nanoparticles at normal planting date is a promising option to increasing seed yield and improving nutrient uptake in rapeseed.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Chireceanu, P. Cardei, A. Geicu, I. Florescu, F. Burnichi, Maria Călin
In the present study there are presented the results obtained in laboratory tests to evaluate the efficacy of the Romanian diatomaceous earth from Pătârlagele deposit in Buzău County (DE PatRom) against adults of three population of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus L. (one maintained in laboratory conditions at the Plant Protection Institute Bucharest and the others two came from fields bean from Buzău and Bacău) compared with two commercial formulations (SilicoSec® and PyriSec® ). The DE PatRom was applied at four doses 100, 300, 500 and 900 ppm while SilicoSec® and PyriSec® at the doses registered in common practice. Tests were carried out at 25±2°C and at 70± 5% relative humidity (RH). Adult mortality was assessed 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The PyriSec DE was the most effective reaching a total mortality of adults for all three insect populations tested even after 3 days, followed by SilicoSec DE which caused mortality between 74 and 99% after 3 days and 100% after 7 days. The mortality levels of A. obtectus adults reached by Romanian DE PatRom varied depending on dose, period after treatment and insect population. The mortality of bean weevil increased with increasing dose and period after treatment. The highest mortality (of 93, 96 and 98.5% to adults in Buzău, Bucharest and Bacău population, respectively) was recorded in bean treated with 900 ppm after 7 days. The results in experiments showed that the A. obtectus adults of Bacău population were more susceptible and those of Buzău population were more tolerant to all DEs tested.
{"title":"Insecticidal Effect of Pătârlagele Diatomaceous Earth Against Acanthoscelides Obtectus Adults","authors":"C. Chireceanu, P. Cardei, A. Geicu, I. Florescu, F. Burnichi, Maria Călin","doi":"10.59665/rar3946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3946","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study there are presented the results obtained in laboratory tests to evaluate the efficacy of the Romanian diatomaceous earth from Pătârlagele deposit in Buzău County (DE PatRom) against adults of three population of the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus L. (one maintained in laboratory conditions at the Plant Protection Institute Bucharest and the others two came from fields bean from Buzău and Bacău) compared with two commercial formulations (SilicoSec® and PyriSec® ). The DE PatRom was applied at four doses 100, 300, 500 and 900 ppm while SilicoSec® and PyriSec® at the doses registered in common practice. Tests were carried out at 25±2°C and at 70± 5% relative humidity (RH). Adult mortality was assessed 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. The PyriSec DE was the most effective reaching a total mortality of adults for all three insect populations tested even after 3 days, followed by SilicoSec DE which caused mortality between 74 and 99% after 3 days and 100% after 7 days. The mortality levels of A. obtectus adults reached by Romanian DE PatRom varied depending on dose, period after treatment and insect population. The mortality of bean weevil increased with increasing dose and period after treatment. The highest mortality (of 93, 96 and 98.5% to adults in Buzău, Bucharest and Bacău population, respectively) was recorded in bean treated with 900 ppm after 7 days. The results in experiments showed that the A. obtectus adults of Bacău population were more susceptible and those of Buzău population were more tolerant to all DEs tested.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihsein Rokia Amine-Khodja, Nassira Riah, Ryma Bouldjedj, N. Belbekri, A. Djekoun
Limited soil water availability is a major threat to agricultural productivity because it inhibits plant growth and yields. Soil microorganisms having the ability to alleviate abiotic stress and promoting plant development would be highly valuable tools in sustainable agriculture. To this purpose, two Rhizobium leguminosarum strains were tested for their potential to induce tolerance against water deficits in Triticum durum grown under two hydric conditions in greenhouse experiments. For this, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured as criteria to assess the effect of R. leguminosarum inoculation on T. durum under water deficiency. In the presence of rhizobia, wheat plants were able to withstand water stress more effectively than un-inoculated plant, as indicated by the recorded increases in relative water content of inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated plants, higher accumulation of osmoprotectant (soluble sugar), lower MDA and H2O2 accumulation, and increased in antioxidant responses (peroxidase). Under water-limited condition, co-inoculation of selected rhizobia was better than single application for one of studied genotype, which let us hypothesize that this variation in responsiveness indicates a possible genotype effect. As a result, rhizobia from various legumes have a huge potential for enhancing the water deficiency stress tolerance of cereals.
{"title":"Differential Response of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Inoculation for Inducing Water Deficit Tolerance in Triticum Durum","authors":"Ihsein Rokia Amine-Khodja, Nassira Riah, Ryma Bouldjedj, N. Belbekri, A. Djekoun","doi":"10.59665/rar3905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3905","url":null,"abstract":"Limited soil water availability is a major threat to agricultural productivity because it inhibits plant growth and yields. Soil microorganisms having the ability to alleviate abiotic stress and promoting plant development would be highly valuable tools in sustainable agriculture. To this purpose, two Rhizobium leguminosarum strains were tested for their potential to induce tolerance against water deficits in Triticum durum grown under two hydric conditions in greenhouse experiments. For this, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured as criteria to assess the effect of R. leguminosarum inoculation on T. durum under water deficiency. In the presence of rhizobia, wheat plants were able to withstand water stress more effectively than un-inoculated plant, as indicated by the recorded increases in relative water content of inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated plants, higher accumulation of osmoprotectant (soluble sugar), lower MDA and H2O2 accumulation, and increased in antioxidant responses (peroxidase). Under water-limited condition, co-inoculation of selected rhizobia was better than single application for one of studied genotype, which let us hypothesize that this variation in responsiveness indicates a possible genotype effect. As a result, rhizobia from various legumes have a huge potential for enhancing the water deficiency stress tolerance of cereals.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is an extremely important crop in the balance of agri-food products used by mankind. This crop feeds over 66% of the world's population and responds favorably to zonal cultivation conditions around the world. In Romania, rice is a perspective crop in the context of diversifying the agricultural production and of the need to find solutions to reduce import of agricultural products and to increase the country’s food security. There are few crops such as rice, which can provide in optimal production conditions over 8-10 tons of good quality agricultural food product, usable in human food after relatively simple processing, or which allow to obtain a wide range of food products by industrialization. The creation of new varieties and hybrids through breeding activities is important for the fact that, in the economy of a crop, a new variety contributes to the increase of productivity by 5-10% compared to the varieties in the crop. In addition, the acclimatization is better and the behavior of new varieties against stressors is improved. Hence, plant breeding, including in rice crops, is the main method of progress and efficiency of agriculture and it must be further developed in Romania. This paper presents the new Polizești-19 rice variety, obtained at Brăila Agricultural Research-Development Station, located at the northern limit of rice cultivation in Romania.
{"title":"Polizești-19, a New Rice Variety Created in the Pedoclimatic Conditions in Southeastern Romania","authors":"Ionel Ivan, M. Bularda, E. Ivan, N. Ungureanu","doi":"10.59665/rar3915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3915","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is an extremely important crop in the balance of agri-food products used by mankind. This crop feeds over 66% of the world's population and responds favorably to zonal cultivation conditions around the world. In Romania, rice is a perspective crop in the context of diversifying the agricultural production and of the need to find solutions to reduce import of agricultural products and to increase the country’s food security. There are few crops such as rice, which can provide in optimal production conditions over 8-10 tons of good quality agricultural food product, usable in human food after relatively simple processing, or which allow to obtain a wide range of food products by industrialization. The creation of new varieties and hybrids through breeding activities is important for the fact that, in the economy of a crop, a new variety contributes to the increase of productivity by 5-10% compared to the varieties in the crop. In addition, the acclimatization is better and the behavior of new varieties against stressors is improved. Hence, plant breeding, including in rice crops, is the main method of progress and efficiency of agriculture and it must be further developed in Romania. This paper presents the new Polizești-19 rice variety, obtained at Brăila Agricultural Research-Development Station, located at the northern limit of rice cultivation in Romania.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salinity has become a problem all over the world in agricultural areas. Plants develop a defense mechanism to increase various antioxidant enzyme activities to resist salt stress. In addition, the effects of stress are tried to be reduced with various applications. One of these applications is the application of salicylic acid (SA). However, the effects of SA application vary depending on the plant species and cultivar. In this study, the seeds of sunflower and linseed plants were primed for 4 hours with different concentrations of SA doses 0 (control) (SA1), 0.25 mM (SA2), 0.50 mM (SA3), 1.00 mM (SA4) priming. In the laboratory, the seeds were permitted to develop in petri dishes with different salt 0 (control) (S1), 50 mM (S2), 100 mM (S3), 150m M(S4) concentrations for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was determined that SA had a positive effect on both morphological and chemical properties in both plant species grown under salt stress.
盐碱化已成为世界范围内的一个农业问题。植物通过提高各种抗氧化酶活性来抵御盐胁迫。此外，还试图通过各种应用来减小应力的影响。其中一个应用是水杨酸(SA)的应用。然而，施用SA的效果因植物种类和栽培品种而异。本实验以向日葵和亚麻籽种子为材料，分别以不同浓度的SA(对照)(SA1)、0.25 mM (SA2)、0.50 mM (SA3)、1.00 mM (SA4)为引物，培养4 h。在实验室中，允许种子在不同盐浓度0(对照)(S1)、50 mM (S2)、100 mM (S3)、150m M(S4)的培养皿中发育14天。结果表明，在盐胁迫下，SA对两种植物的形态和化学性质都有积极的影响。
{"title":"Effect of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment on Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) and Linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Plants in Salinity Conditions","authors":"M. Gürsoy","doi":"10.59665/rar3909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3909","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity has become a problem all over the world in agricultural areas. Plants develop a defense mechanism to increase various antioxidant enzyme activities to resist salt stress. In addition, the effects of stress are tried to be reduced with various applications. One of these applications is the application of salicylic acid (SA). However, the effects of SA application vary depending on the plant species and cultivar. In this study, the seeds of sunflower and linseed plants were primed for 4 hours with different concentrations of SA doses 0 (control) (SA1), 0.25 mM (SA2), 0.50 mM (SA3), 1.00 mM (SA4) priming. In the laboratory, the seeds were permitted to develop in petri dishes with different salt 0 (control) (S1), 50 mM (S2), 100 mM (S3), 150m M(S4) concentrations for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was determined that SA had a positive effect on both morphological and chemical properties in both plant species grown under salt stress.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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