Pub Date : 2022-01-19DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000306
B. Salih
{"title":"The effectiveness of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2","authors":"B. Salih","doi":"10.1097/mrm.0000000000000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74269164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000302
O. Schildgen
{"title":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology become Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","authors":"O. Schildgen","doi":"10.1097/mrm.0000000000000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85646053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000295
M. Abdi, R. Ranjbar
{"title":"A review on antiviral efficacy of Bifidobacterium species","authors":"M. Abdi, R. Ranjbar","doi":"10.1097/mrm.0000000000000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83109747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000294
Nur Syahirah H.S. Hadi, Anis A. Jamaludin, T. Kalaiyarasan, Kartikeya Tiwari
{"title":"Multifunctional dynamic toolbox","authors":"Nur Syahirah H.S. Hadi, Anis A. Jamaludin, T. Kalaiyarasan, Kartikeya Tiwari","doi":"10.1097/mrm.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75957073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-14DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000290
M. Schwerdt, Sudhir Butala, Elaine Hinds, D. Schron, G. J. Berry
A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea affecting the left middle finger of a 16-year-old female patient is presented. The patient denied a history of sexual activity and the only reported symptoms were finger pain and associated lymphangitis. Wound culture was obtained from an incision, and drainage procedure was performed at an emergency room of a community hospital. Laboratory diagnosis was made at a clinical microbiology laboratory using Gram stain, agar culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Concurrent blood cultures had no growth at 5 days. The patient was switched from Cephalexin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoaxole to an appropriate regimen upon sensitivity testing. The patient was lost to follow-up, and it is unknown if the possibility of seeding mucosal infection, such as the pharynx, was investigated.
{"title":"A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea involving the finger","authors":"M. Schwerdt, Sudhir Butala, Elaine Hinds, D. Schron, G. J. Berry","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea affecting the left middle finger of a 16-year-old female patient is presented. The patient denied a history of sexual activity and the only reported symptoms were finger pain and associated lymphangitis. Wound culture was obtained from an incision, and drainage procedure was performed at an emergency room of a community hospital. Laboratory diagnosis was made at a clinical microbiology laboratory using Gram stain, agar culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Concurrent blood cultures had no growth at 5 days. The patient was switched from Cephalexin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoaxole to an appropriate regimen upon sensitivity testing. The patient was lost to follow-up, and it is unknown if the possibility of seeding mucosal infection, such as the pharynx, was investigated.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"92 1","pages":"228 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74714534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000287
Özge Alkan Bilik, M. Bayraktar, Nida Özcan, K. Gül, N. Akpolat
Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) cause serious and life-threatening infections with limited treatment options. The most common causes of carbapenem resistance are carbapenemases. We aimed to determine the most prevalent carbapenemase genes; blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM, blaOXA-48 like genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains in the southeast region of Turkey. Methods: Eighty-nine isolates (74 K. pneumoniae, 15 E. coli) were included in the study. The isolates were found as carbapenem-resistant by BD Phoenix automated system and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by BD Phoenix automated system. Combination disc method (CDM) was also carried out as phenotypic method of carbapenemase detection. The presence of blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM and blaOXA-48-like genes were investigated by Xpert CARBA-R (Cepheid, USA) multiplex PCR commercial system. Results: Antibiotic resistance rates by Phoenix were 48.3 97.8, 80.9, 96.6, 93.3, 96.6, 97.8, 69.7 and 97.8% for amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and piperacillin-tazobactam, respectively. The blaOXA-48-like gene was detected in 65 (73%); blaNDM gene in 4 (4.5%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM in 6 (6.7%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes in 1(1.2%) isolate. None of the blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP-1, blaKPC genes were detected in 13 (14.6%) of the isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of CDM were calculated as 80 and 85% respectively. Conclusion: We detected blaOXA-48-like gene most frequently in our region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae-co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes. The coexistence of these genes is alarming and causes both infection control and treatment problems. Effective infection control measures are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Dissemination of blaOXA-48 like, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM genes among carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Southeastern Turkey: first report of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes","authors":"Özge Alkan Bilik, M. Bayraktar, Nida Özcan, K. Gül, N. Akpolat","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000287","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) cause serious and life-threatening infections with limited treatment options. The most common causes of carbapenem resistance are carbapenemases. We aimed to determine the most prevalent carbapenemase genes; blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM, blaOXA-48 like genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains in the southeast region of Turkey. Methods: Eighty-nine isolates (74 K. pneumoniae, 15 E. coli) were included in the study. The isolates were found as carbapenem-resistant by BD Phoenix automated system and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by BD Phoenix automated system. Combination disc method (CDM) was also carried out as phenotypic method of carbapenemase detection. The presence of blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM and blaOXA-48-like genes were investigated by Xpert CARBA-R (Cepheid, USA) multiplex PCR commercial system. Results: Antibiotic resistance rates by Phoenix were 48.3 97.8, 80.9, 96.6, 93.3, 96.6, 97.8, 69.7 and 97.8% for amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and piperacillin-tazobactam, respectively. The blaOXA-48-like gene was detected in 65 (73%); blaNDM gene in 4 (4.5%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM in 6 (6.7%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes in 1(1.2%) isolate. None of the blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP-1, blaKPC genes were detected in 13 (14.6%) of the isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of CDM were calculated as 80 and 85% respectively. Conclusion: We detected blaOXA-48-like gene most frequently in our region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae-co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes. The coexistence of these genes is alarming and causes both infection control and treatment problems. Effective infection control measures are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"205 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000289
Y. Thirupathaiah, A. Chandel
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, which is recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a concern of major public health emergency globally. The virus is highly contagious, enters through nasopharyngeal route into lungs and infects respiratory tracts and later disseminate to other organs in the body. If body immune response fails to eliminate or over responds to infection in affected persons, the condition turns to severe acute respiratory syndrome or pneumonia, multiple organ failure, septic shock and finally end-up with life in critical cases. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available to eradicate the complete infection and the only treatment available to patients with critical illness is providing oxygen supply through ventilators along with few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve from the symptoms. Recently developed COVID-19 vaccines are available to the public in several countries for protecting against SARS-CoV-2. Further, researchers are vigorously being focused on development of novel vaccines, recombinant interferons, monoclonal antibodies against virus, finding of antiviral drugs to block coronaviral specific structural proteins or multiplication in infected persons, drugs for suppression of over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the human body and disease mechanisms of virus. However, because of combined treatment strategies and reduced pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the current mortality rate has been reduced to less than 1--1.5% globally from 5 to 6% of initial COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, sudden increase in number of cases in several countries and evolution of new pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2 variants from existing strains make another challenging task both for public and scientific communities. Hence, public health officials are recommending public to continue social distancing, avoid contact with infected persons, isolation and quarantine of exposed persons till COVID-19 prevention is under control.
{"title":"Coronavirus disease 2019: fundamentals, chronology and vaccine evolution","authors":"Y. Thirupathaiah, A. Chandel","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000289","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, which is recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a concern of major public health emergency globally. The virus is highly contagious, enters through nasopharyngeal route into lungs and infects respiratory tracts and later disseminate to other organs in the body. If body immune response fails to eliminate or over responds to infection in affected persons, the condition turns to severe acute respiratory syndrome or pneumonia, multiple organ failure, septic shock and finally end-up with life in critical cases. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available to eradicate the complete infection and the only treatment available to patients with critical illness is providing oxygen supply through ventilators along with few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve from the symptoms. Recently developed COVID-19 vaccines are available to the public in several countries for protecting against SARS-CoV-2. Further, researchers are vigorously being focused on development of novel vaccines, recombinant interferons, monoclonal antibodies against virus, finding of antiviral drugs to block coronaviral specific structural proteins or multiplication in infected persons, drugs for suppression of over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the human body and disease mechanisms of virus. However, because of combined treatment strategies and reduced pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the current mortality rate has been reduced to less than 1--1.5% globally from 5 to 6% of initial COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, sudden increase in number of cases in several countries and evolution of new pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2 variants from existing strains make another challenging task both for public and scientific communities. Hence, public health officials are recommending public to continue social distancing, avoid contact with infected persons, isolation and quarantine of exposed persons till COVID-19 prevention is under control.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"246 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81409156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000291
A. Koehler, D. M. Pagani, A. H. da Silva Hellwig, M. L. Scroferneker
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Sporotrichosis is an infection with global distribution caused by the dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix, whose main pathogenic species include Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for the treatment. The aim of this review was to compile the in-vitro susceptibility data of Sporothrix spp. found in literature and correlate this data with the treatment guidelines for sporotrichosis. The systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane methodology and with PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, Study Design) strategy. Thirty-six studies were included that used the filamentous and/or the yeast phases to perform the susceptibility tests. Three studies that evaluated the association of antifungals using the checkerboard method were also included. The data found were, whenever possible, compared with the defined Epidemiological Cutoff Values (ECVs). Analyzing only the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, the most effective antifungal in vitro was terbinafine. However, this is not the same result as observed in vivo. Both itraconazole and amphotericin B presented in-vitro activity. However, many studies have shown that isolates can acquire resistance mechanisms to these antifungals (MIC > ECV), which deserves attention. Further studies are needed to translate in-vitro susceptibility data into clinical practice, and also to determine ECVs for more antifungals and Sporothrix species.
{"title":"In-vitro antifungal susceptibility of the genus Sporothrix and correlation with treatment options for sporotrichosis: a systematic review","authors":"A. Koehler, D. M. Pagani, A. H. da Silva Hellwig, M. L. Scroferneker","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000291","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Sporotrichosis is an infection with global distribution caused by the dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix, whose main pathogenic species include Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for the treatment. The aim of this review was to compile the in-vitro susceptibility data of Sporothrix spp. found in literature and correlate this data with the treatment guidelines for sporotrichosis. The systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane methodology and with PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, Study Design) strategy. Thirty-six studies were included that used the filamentous and/or the yeast phases to perform the susceptibility tests. Three studies that evaluated the association of antifungals using the checkerboard method were also included. The data found were, whenever possible, compared with the defined Epidemiological Cutoff Values (ECVs). Analyzing only the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, the most effective antifungal in vitro was terbinafine. However, this is not the same result as observed in vivo. Both itraconazole and amphotericin B presented in-vitro activity. However, many studies have shown that isolates can acquire resistance mechanisms to these antifungals (MIC > ECV), which deserves attention. Further studies are needed to translate in-vitro susceptibility data into clinical practice, and also to determine ECVs for more antifungals and Sporothrix species.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"576 1","pages":"219 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89933764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000288
Daseul Kim, Ki-Young Kim
Various antibacterial agents have been developed to prevent dental diseases but many oral bacteria have been come out with resistance. In this study, antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G and rhein were investigated against oral bacteria using the microdilution assay, the checkerboard assay, the growth curve assay, and the disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of sophoraflavanone G were 1.56 μg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, 3.125 μg/ml against Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus, and more than 100 μg/ml against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. MIC values of rhein were 100 μg/ml against Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus, and 25 μg/ml against A. viscosus, F. nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. As both of the compounds showed antibacterial activity, combined treatment was accomplished to know synergistic activity between sophoraflavanone G and rhein, and with commercially available antibacterial agents, such as ampicillin, oxacillin, and oxytetracycline. Sophoraflavanone G with rhein showed synergistic antibacterial activity [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) < 0.5] against all tested oral bacteria. Sophoraflavanone G with antibiotics usually showed additive antibacterial activity (0.5 < FICI < 1.0) but interestingly sophoraflavanone G showed strong synergistic activity with ampicillin, which showed resistance against all tested strains, and with oxacillin, which showed resistance against Strep. mutans, and Strep. sobrinus. Even though rhein possessed low antibacterial activity, it showed synergistic activity with ampicillin and oxacillin against drug-resistant strain. These results suggest that sophoraflavanone G and rhein combined with other antibacterial agents may be beneficial and provide the better option to treat the oral bacteria.
{"title":"Combinatorial treatment of sophoraflavanone G and rhein with ampicillin, oxacillin, or oxytetracycline synergistically increased antibacterial activity against oral bacteria","authors":"Daseul Kim, Ki-Young Kim","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000288","url":null,"abstract":"Various antibacterial agents have been developed to prevent dental diseases but many oral bacteria have been come out with resistance. In this study, antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G and rhein were investigated against oral bacteria using the microdilution assay, the checkerboard assay, the growth curve assay, and the disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of sophoraflavanone G were 1.56 μg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, 3.125 μg/ml against Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus, and more than 100 μg/ml against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. MIC values of rhein were 100 μg/ml against Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus, and 25 μg/ml against A. viscosus, F. nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. As both of the compounds showed antibacterial activity, combined treatment was accomplished to know synergistic activity between sophoraflavanone G and rhein, and with commercially available antibacterial agents, such as ampicillin, oxacillin, and oxytetracycline. Sophoraflavanone G with rhein showed synergistic antibacterial activity [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) < 0.5] against all tested oral bacteria. Sophoraflavanone G with antibiotics usually showed additive antibacterial activity (0.5 < FICI < 1.0) but interestingly sophoraflavanone G showed strong synergistic activity with ampicillin, which showed resistance against all tested strains, and with oxacillin, which showed resistance against Strep. mutans, and Strep. sobrinus. Even though rhein possessed low antibacterial activity, it showed synergistic activity with ampicillin and oxacillin against drug-resistant strain. These results suggest that sophoraflavanone G and rhein combined with other antibacterial agents may be beneficial and provide the better option to treat the oral bacteria.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"211 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88321859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-09DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000278
D. Piatek, Y. Gerasymchuk, I. Korona-Głowniak, T. Bachanek, A. Malm, A. Łukowiak
In times of multidrug resistance of bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be promising in many fields of medicine, including endodontics, especially in the case of previous failures of root canal treatment and periapical lesions formation. PDT is based on the use of a light source and photosensitizers (PSs). Irradiation caused by the appropriately selected wavelength of light initiates the formation of singlet oxygen and/or free radicals, which provides the antimicrobial activity responsible for effective disinfection. In this manuscript, we compare the findings from all available papers of authors who perform their research in vivo. Despite the fact that they conducted their research in various ways, the results obtained in the course of these studies indicated an effective antibacterial effect of PDT in endodontic treatment. The second part of our work focuses on the perspectives of finding the best PSs that are used in PDT method with great expectations for materials based on graphene oxide as those which are not only carriers but also factors influencing the increase in the efficiency of the particles attached to them.
{"title":"Perspectives of using photodynamic therapy as antimicrobial therapy in endodontics","authors":"D. Piatek, Y. Gerasymchuk, I. Korona-Głowniak, T. Bachanek, A. Malm, A. Łukowiak","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000278","url":null,"abstract":"In times of multidrug resistance of bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be promising in many fields of medicine, including endodontics, especially in the case of previous failures of root canal treatment and periapical lesions formation. PDT is based on the use of a light source and photosensitizers (PSs). Irradiation caused by the appropriately selected wavelength of light initiates the formation of singlet oxygen and/or free radicals, which provides the antimicrobial activity responsible for effective disinfection. In this manuscript, we compare the findings from all available papers of authors who perform their research in vivo. Despite the fact that they conducted their research in various ways, the results obtained in the course of these studies indicated an effective antibacterial effect of PDT in endodontic treatment. The second part of our work focuses on the perspectives of finding the best PSs that are used in PDT method with great expectations for materials based on graphene oxide as those which are not only carriers but also factors influencing the increase in the efficiency of the particles attached to them.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"191 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80853547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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