Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000186
A. Bakhshi, Zahra Safayi Delouyi, S. Taheri, Azadeh Alivandi, N. Mohammadzadeh, H. Dabiri
{"title":"Comparative study of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vaginal tract of individual with bacterial vaginosis and healthy control by quantitative PCR","authors":"A. Bakhshi, Zahra Safayi Delouyi, S. Taheri, Azadeh Alivandi, N. Mohammadzadeh, H. Dabiri","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83797335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000166
S. Mousavi, Navideh Mohebali, Seyed Masoud Miratashiyazdi, S. Shahcheraghi
ISSN Aspergillosis of the central nervous system is an uncommon sickness, particularly if the patient is immunocompetent. In the immunocompetent individuals, the regular way for the fungus to access the CNS is diffusion by the blood from extracranial sites, commonly the lungs. In this report, a 44-year-old man with no history of recent surgery or immunodeficiency had an episode of falling. A cranial mass close to the cerebrum revealed to be as aspergillosis abscess throughout the operation. This case is showing the significance of assuming a cranial mass as aspergilloma in the differential diagnosis. Copyright 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
{"title":"Cranial aspergillosis in immunocompetent patient: a case report","authors":"S. Mousavi, Navideh Mohebali, Seyed Masoud Miratashiyazdi, S. Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000166","url":null,"abstract":"ISSN Aspergillosis of the central nervous system is an uncommon sickness, particularly if the patient is immunocompetent. In the immunocompetent individuals, the regular way for the fungus to access the CNS is diffusion by the blood from extracranial sites, commonly the lungs. In this report, a 44-year-old man with no history of recent surgery or immunodeficiency had an episode of falling. A cranial mass close to the cerebrum revealed to be as aspergillosis abscess throughout the operation. This case is showing the significance of assuming a cranial mass as aspergilloma in the differential diagnosis. Copyright 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87935685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000162
J. Ayatollahi, Faezeh Heidari, Mohammad Sharifyazdi, Vajihe Kargar Shooroki, S. Hemati, S. Shahcheraghi
&NA; Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronicity infection, which is determined by inflammation, is the main etiological factor for this disease. Cytokines are a group of endogenous proteins which have a key role in regulating the inflammatory responses and defeating infectious diseases. IL-12 plays a main role in the clearance of infections especially by viruses such as HBV. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic history have an important role about the level and function of cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of IL-12A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs568408 G/A) with chronic HBV infection. In a case–control study, genomic DNA of 148 chronic HBV-infected patients and 80 healthy controls was extracted by salting out method and single nucleotide polymorphism (rs568408 G/A) was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of rs568408 G/A gene for GG, GA, AA genotypes was 70.94, 23.6 and 5.7% in chronic patients and 46.25, 42.5 and 11.25% in control group, respectively. After genotyping and statistical analysis, significant difference was seen between the patients with chronic HBV and healthy controls (P = 0.001). Our findings indicated that IL-12A rs568408 can possibly be a risk factor for chronic HBV infection among Iranian population in Yazd province.
{"title":"Polymorphism of IL-12 gene (rs568408G/A) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the central area of Iran","authors":"J. Ayatollahi, Faezeh Heidari, Mohammad Sharifyazdi, Vajihe Kargar Shooroki, S. Hemati, S. Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000162","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronicity infection, which is determined by inflammation, is the main etiological factor for this disease. Cytokines are a group of endogenous proteins which have a key role in regulating the inflammatory responses and defeating infectious diseases. IL-12 plays a main role in the clearance of infections especially by viruses such as HBV. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic history have an important role about the level and function of cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of IL-12A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs568408 G/A) with chronic HBV infection. In a case–control study, genomic DNA of 148 chronic HBV-infected patients and 80 healthy controls was extracted by salting out method and single nucleotide polymorphism (rs568408 G/A) was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of rs568408 G/A gene for GG, GA, AA genotypes was 70.94, 23.6 and 5.7% in chronic patients and 46.25, 42.5 and 11.25% in control group, respectively. After genotyping and statistical analysis, significant difference was seen between the patients with chronic HBV and healthy controls (P = 0.001). Our findings indicated that IL-12A rs568408 can possibly be a risk factor for chronic HBV infection among Iranian population in Yazd province.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"122–127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000169
W. Mabrouk, Lamia Tilouch, S. Mabrouk, N. Jaidane, Cherifa Chaouch, N. Boujaafar
&NA; Streptococcus pneumoniae is not a usual agent of urinary tract infections. We report here two cases of urinary tract infections occurred in pediatrics patients with vesicoureteral reflux and renal stones. It becomes essential to consider pneumococcal UTI in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms associated co-existing predisposing factors.
{"title":"First occurrence of pediatric urinary tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a teaching hospital in Tunisia","authors":"W. Mabrouk, Lamia Tilouch, S. Mabrouk, N. Jaidane, Cherifa Chaouch, N. Boujaafar","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000169","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; Streptococcus pneumoniae is not a usual agent of urinary tract infections. We report here two cases of urinary tract infections occurred in pediatrics patients with vesicoureteral reflux and renal stones. It becomes essential to consider pneumococcal UTI in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms associated co-existing predisposing factors.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"39 1","pages":"109–112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79875286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000161
L. Payahoo, Y. Khajebishak, A. Ostadrahimi
Background: Obesity as a multifactorial disorder has shown a growing trend, in recent times. Considering the importance of obesity as a potent public health problem, finding a novel preventive approach for the management of obesity seems crucial. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, alteration in gut microbiota composition and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The aim of the current study was to discuss the role of Akkermansia muciniphila in the management of obesity. Method: In this review article, all articles indexed in the scientific database using the keywords A. muciniphila, inflammation, gut microbiota, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-&agr;), overweight, and obesity were searched and discussed between 2000 and 2018. Results: Specific strains of gut microbiota such as A. muciniphila modify energy homeostasis in the body. In addition to degrading mucin and providing a desirable environment for the growth of other bacteria in the intestine, A. muciniphila participates in the management of obesity. Indeed, A. muciniphila increases the levels of Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and N-acylethanolamines as ligands of GPR41/GPR43 and G protein-coupled receptor119 (GPR119) receptors in L-cells, respectively, such that these receptors are involved in the various aspects of energy balance and appetite sensation. A. muciniphila also improves the low chronic inflammation observed in obese people through various mechanisms. Conclusion: A. muciniphila supplementation and the use of other approaches such as prebiotics or food components that increase the abundance of this bacterium in the gut microbiota population could be a novel valuable approach in the management of obesity.
{"title":"Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria: a new perspective on the management of obesity an updated review","authors":"L. Payahoo, Y. Khajebishak, A. Ostadrahimi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity as a multifactorial disorder has shown a growing trend, in recent times. Considering the importance of obesity as a potent public health problem, finding a novel preventive approach for the management of obesity seems crucial. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, alteration in gut microbiota composition and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The aim of the current study was to discuss the role of Akkermansia muciniphila in the management of obesity. Method: In this review article, all articles indexed in the scientific database using the keywords A. muciniphila, inflammation, gut microbiota, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-&agr;), overweight, and obesity were searched and discussed between 2000 and 2018. Results: Specific strains of gut microbiota such as A. muciniphila modify energy homeostasis in the body. In addition to degrading mucin and providing a desirable environment for the growth of other bacteria in the intestine, A. muciniphila participates in the management of obesity. Indeed, A. muciniphila increases the levels of Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and N-acylethanolamines as ligands of GPR41/GPR43 and G protein-coupled receptor119 (GPR119) receptors in L-cells, respectively, such that these receptors are involved in the various aspects of energy balance and appetite sensation. A. muciniphila also improves the low chronic inflammation observed in obese people through various mechanisms. Conclusion: A. muciniphila supplementation and the use of other approaches such as prebiotics or food components that increase the abundance of this bacterium in the gut microbiota population could be a novel valuable approach in the management of obesity.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"19 25-26 1","pages":"83–89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78156805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000157
Rasoul Mirzaei, Behrooz Sadeghi kalani, M. Shokri Moghadam, Faeze Mahdiun, G. Irajian
Objective: Detection of sources of outbreaks caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus relies on molecular epidemiology methods. Little is known about the genetic diversity of the Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates isolated from various sources in Iran. We assessed the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis isolates collected from clinical and nonclinical sources from Tehran counties during 2014 to 2016 using MLVA (multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis). Methods: One hundred and three clinical and nonclinical S. epidermidis isolates were collected from two hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was evaluated for cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, mupirocin, vancomycin and linezolid according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, as well as prevalence of mecA gene was evaluated by PCR method. In addition, genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by MLVA method. Results: Resistant rate to cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and mupirocin were 64, 36, 72, 44 and 23% in all isolates. All clinical and nonclinical isolates were susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. In all, 49.5% of S. epidermidis isolates were multidrug resistant. Prevalence of mecA was 64%. The MLVA profile consists of a series of allele numbers, corresponding to the number of repeats at each variable number tandem repeat locus. The results of MLVA showed 64 types among all 103 isolates. There were 16 MLVA types that were common in two hospitals and 15 MLVA types were existed in various sources of S. epidermidis isolates. The diversity index obtained with MLVA was 0.989 (95% confidence interval [0.984–0.993]) for the 103 S. epidermidis isolates. A range of one to six alleles was identified at variable number tandem repeats loci with Simpson's diversity values between 0.526 and 0.781. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated presence of high molecular diversity among S. epidermidis isolates. In addition, the main conclusion was that some MLVA types can be disseminated over the wards and between the hospitals. In other hand, resistance to various antibiotics in S. epidermidis isolates and prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and multidrug resistant S. epidermidis isolates to be increasing.
{"title":"Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in Tehran, Iran","authors":"Rasoul Mirzaei, Behrooz Sadeghi kalani, M. Shokri Moghadam, Faeze Mahdiun, G. Irajian","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000157","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Detection of sources of outbreaks caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus relies on molecular epidemiology methods. Little is known about the genetic diversity of the Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates isolated from various sources in Iran. We assessed the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis isolates collected from clinical and nonclinical sources from Tehran counties during 2014 to 2016 using MLVA (multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis). Methods: One hundred and three clinical and nonclinical S. epidermidis isolates were collected from two hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was evaluated for cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, mupirocin, vancomycin and linezolid according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, as well as prevalence of mecA gene was evaluated by PCR method. In addition, genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by MLVA method. Results: Resistant rate to cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and mupirocin were 64, 36, 72, 44 and 23% in all isolates. All clinical and nonclinical isolates were susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin. In all, 49.5% of S. epidermidis isolates were multidrug resistant. Prevalence of mecA was 64%. The MLVA profile consists of a series of allele numbers, corresponding to the number of repeats at each variable number tandem repeat locus. The results of MLVA showed 64 types among all 103 isolates. There were 16 MLVA types that were common in two hospitals and 15 MLVA types were existed in various sources of S. epidermidis isolates. The diversity index obtained with MLVA was 0.989 (95% confidence interval [0.984–0.993]) for the 103 S. epidermidis isolates. A range of one to six alleles was identified at variable number tandem repeats loci with Simpson's diversity values between 0.526 and 0.781. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated presence of high molecular diversity among S. epidermidis isolates. In addition, the main conclusion was that some MLVA types can be disseminated over the wards and between the hospitals. In other hand, resistance to various antibiotics in S. epidermidis isolates and prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and multidrug resistant S. epidermidis isolates to be increasing.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"95–108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83031087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000159
S. Shahcheraghi, J. Ayatollahi, Marzieh Lotfi
&NA; Curcumin, a bright yellow chemical produced by some plants (turmeric) that are member of the ginger family, is cultivated in tropical regions of Asia. It has many impacts, including antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with keywords of ‘Curcumin’, ‘anti-microbial’, ‘anti-fungal’, ‘anti-parasitic’, ‘anti-viral’, ‘Infection’, ‘Pathogen’, ‘anti-bacterial’, and ‘Herbal Drug’ have been considered in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed the inhibitory effects of curcumin on infections. Based on these studies, the plant drug of curcumin is a therapeutic effective agent for the advancement of treatment against the types of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Nevertheless, it seems that be essential for more researches, especially about parasites and fungi that have been performed fewer studies about the effect of curcumin on them. Curcumin exerts its effects on sequel of infections and their agents via influence on signaling pathways, cell cycle, drug synergism, inducing apoptosis and inhibition of virulence factors.
患者;姜黄素是一种由姜科植物(姜黄)产生的亮黄色化学物质，种植在亚洲的热带地区。它有许多作用，包括抗菌、抗癌、抗炎和抗氧化。不同的数据库，如PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar和Web of Science，关键词为“姜黄素”，“抗微生物”，“抗真菌”，“抗寄生虫”，“抗病毒”，“感染”，“病原体”，“抗菌”和“草药”，已被考虑在此搜索中，没有发表时间限制。本文综述了姜黄素对感染的抑制作用。基于这些研究，植物药物姜黄素是一种有效的治疗药物，用于治疗包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫和真菌在内的各种病原体。尽管如此，姜黄素对寄生虫和真菌的影响的研究似乎还需要更多的研究，尤其是对这些寄生虫和真菌的研究。姜黄素通过影响信号通路、细胞周期、药物协同作用、诱导细胞凋亡和抑制毒力因子等途径对感染的后续及其制剂产生影响。
{"title":"Inhibitory effects of curcumin on sequel of infections and their signaling pathways: a review","authors":"S. Shahcheraghi, J. Ayatollahi, Marzieh Lotfi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000159","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; Curcumin, a bright yellow chemical produced by some plants (turmeric) that are member of the ginger family, is cultivated in tropical regions of Asia. It has many impacts, including antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science with keywords of ‘Curcumin’, ‘anti-microbial’, ‘anti-fungal’, ‘anti-parasitic’, ‘anti-viral’, ‘Infection’, ‘Pathogen’, ‘anti-bacterial’, and ‘Herbal Drug’ have been considered in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed the inhibitory effects of curcumin on infections. Based on these studies, the plant drug of curcumin is a therapeutic effective agent for the advancement of treatment against the types of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Nevertheless, it seems that be essential for more researches, especially about parasites and fungi that have been performed fewer studies about the effect of curcumin on them. Curcumin exerts its effects on sequel of infections and their agents via influence on signaling pathways, cell cycle, drug synergism, inducing apoptosis and inhibition of virulence factors.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":"113–121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86977997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000176
Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, L. Azimi, J. Nowroozi, S. Armin, F. Fallah
Backgrounds: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging threat worldwide. Community-associated-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA strains in their genetic backgrounds, pathogenicity, and antibiotic susceptibilities. Although few studies have reported the epidemiology of the different community-associated-MRSA and hospital-acquired-MRSA clones present, there are insufficient data available on MRSA characteristics in Iran. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the prevalence of MRSA, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains, and the molecular epidemiology of such MRSA isolates from a hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: S. aureus isolates were collected from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of infection admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, from September 2016 to March 2017 in Tabriz, Iran. Standard conventional biochemical tests for identification of the isolates were performed on colonies from primary cultures. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standardized Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar. All methicillin-resistant isolates were archived for subsequent molecular tests, including PCR for mecA gene and multilocus sequence typing. Results: Among 39 S. aureus isolates enrolled, 33.3% (13/39) were identified as MRSA strains. Antibiotic susceptibilities to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin, were measured as, 48.7, 46.2, and 35.9%, respectively. All of the 39 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Sequence type (ST)-238 was the predominant clone (15.3%), and ST585, ST1, ST88, ST45, ST158, ST1097, ST2373, and ST2873 were other detected sequence type. In addition, two undetermined sequence type (a sequence type was not matched to any sequence type identified) were detected in this study. Conclusion: ST238 strains, which were previously not found as MRSA, could now widely distribute in Iranian population. In addition, the resistance rate of MRSA strains against multiple classes of antibiotics should be considered when selecting empirical antibiotics for MRSA infections in Iran.
{"title":"Multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic resistant patterns of the meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different clinical specimens","authors":"Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, L. Azimi, J. Nowroozi, S. Armin, F. Fallah","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000176","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging threat worldwide. Community-associated-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA strains in their genetic backgrounds, pathogenicity, and antibiotic susceptibilities. Although few studies have reported the epidemiology of the different community-associated-MRSA and hospital-acquired-MRSA clones present, there are insufficient data available on MRSA characteristics in Iran. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the prevalence of MRSA, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains, and the molecular epidemiology of such MRSA isolates from a hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: S. aureus isolates were collected from patients with clinical signs and symptoms of infection admitted to Imam Reza Hospital, from September 2016 to March 2017 in Tabriz, Iran. Standard conventional biochemical tests for identification of the isolates were performed on colonies from primary cultures. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the standardized Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar. All methicillin-resistant isolates were archived for subsequent molecular tests, including PCR for mecA gene and multilocus sequence typing. Results: Among 39 S. aureus isolates enrolled, 33.3% (13/39) were identified as MRSA strains. Antibiotic susceptibilities to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin, were measured as, 48.7, 46.2, and 35.9%, respectively. All of the 39 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Sequence type (ST)-238 was the predominant clone (15.3%), and ST585, ST1, ST88, ST45, ST158, ST1097, ST2373, and ST2873 were other detected sequence type. In addition, two undetermined sequence type (a sequence type was not matched to any sequence type identified) were detected in this study. Conclusion: ST238 strains, which were previously not found as MRSA, could now widely distribute in Iranian population. In addition, the resistance rate of MRSA strains against multiple classes of antibiotics should be considered when selecting empirical antibiotics for MRSA infections in Iran.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"350 1","pages":"77–82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75946372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-15DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000160
M. Shafiei, A. Ghasemian, S. S. Mostafavi, M. Teimouri, Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani, Seyede Amene Mirforughi
&NA; Rapid, sensitive, and reliable bacterial pathogens detection is a chief requirement. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have numerous applications such as in the detection of biomolecules for their high surface to volume ratio and unique optical property facilitating development of highly efficient AuNPs-based bio-sensing tools. Although various molecular detection methods, such as PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification are sensitive and convenient, these techniques need elaborate work and require special skills to increase their specificity. Smartly fabricated gold nanoparticle (GNPs) play a role as probes for selective detection of pathogens. The AuNPs-based colorimetric methods have become applicable for rapid, simple, reliable and high-efficient, sensitive, inexpensive, and easy detection of the DNA, RNA, and protein biomolecules. Colorimetric detection using AuNPs has been used for rapid and high precision and multiplex detection of a large number and of bacterial pathogens. AuNPs act in functionalized and unfunctionalized ways. AuNPs-based colorimetric methods have incredible advantages compared with many other bacterial detection methods. In spite of many molecular techniques, AuNPs-based colorimetric methods do not require additional devices, fabrication cost, signal processing and interpretation complexities, and costly and complex instruments. This simple and rapid method is suitable, especially in low-income areas and for large number of samples analysis. In this review, applications of AuNPs and AuNPs-based colorimetric methods for bacterial pathogens detection have been overviewed.
{"title":"Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric platform technology as rapid and efficient bacterial pathogens detection method from various sources","authors":"M. Shafiei, A. Ghasemian, S. S. Mostafavi, M. Teimouri, Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani, Seyede Amene Mirforughi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000160","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; Rapid, sensitive, and reliable bacterial pathogens detection is a chief requirement. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have numerous applications such as in the detection of biomolecules for their high surface to volume ratio and unique optical property facilitating development of highly efficient AuNPs-based bio-sensing tools. Although various molecular detection methods, such as PCR, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification are sensitive and convenient, these techniques need elaborate work and require special skills to increase their specificity. Smartly fabricated gold nanoparticle (GNPs) play a role as probes for selective detection of pathogens. The AuNPs-based colorimetric methods have become applicable for rapid, simple, reliable and high-efficient, sensitive, inexpensive, and easy detection of the DNA, RNA, and protein biomolecules. Colorimetric detection using AuNPs has been used for rapid and high precision and multiplex detection of a large number and of bacterial pathogens. AuNPs act in functionalized and unfunctionalized ways. AuNPs-based colorimetric methods have incredible advantages compared with many other bacterial detection methods. In spite of many molecular techniques, AuNPs-based colorimetric methods do not require additional devices, fabrication cost, signal processing and interpretation complexities, and costly and complex instruments. This simple and rapid method is suitable, especially in low-income areas and for large number of samples analysis. In this review, applications of AuNPs and AuNPs-based colorimetric methods for bacterial pathogens detection have been overviewed.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"128–132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82183011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000150
L. Mahdi, Nada Mahdi, R. M. Sajet, I. G. Auda, H. Mater, L. Zwain, B. M. Kadhem, L. G. Alsaadi
&NA; Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis have been associated with the development of caries, oral infections and bacteremia. In fact, there are only a few case reports in the literature describing bacteremia in relation to S. mutans and S. sanguine. The objective of this study was purification and characterization of curvatcin LHM from Lactobacillus curvatus, evaluation of its antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sanguinis and evaluation the effect of minimum inhibitory concentration of curvatcin LHM and chlorohexidine on biofilm formation as well as, study the effect of L. curvatus as immunomodulator. Curvatcin LHM was isolated and purified from L. curvatus culture. Purified and crude curvatcin LHM exhibited bactericidal action against S. mutans and S. sanguinis isolates in vitro. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in viable count between pre and posttreatment of S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms with curvatcin LHM and chlorohexidine. Unlike chlorohexidine, curvatcin LHM left no viable bacterial cells in biofilm of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Bagg Albino laboratory breed (BALB/c) mice were orally administered with L. curvatus for 2 weeks and then intravenously injected with S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Four days before inoculation, microbiological and immune response were determined, serum proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-&agr;, IL-10 and IL-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The L. curvatus treatment significantly decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis in the organs and blood of mice with bacteremia as compared with the non-L. curvatus-treated mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-&agr;, IL-10 and IL-6, were significantly higher in groups pretreated with L. curvatus (P < 0.05) prior streptococcal infection. These data suggest that curvatcin LHM may be a good alternative to chlorhexidine as an additive for teeth-protective materials. Curvatcin LHM cotreatment with chlorohexidine might help to increase the anticariogenic efficacy of chlorohexidine. On the other hand, L. curvatus can be serving as direct modulator of proinflammatory responses.
{"title":"Anticariogenic and antibiofilm of purified bacteriocin of Lactobacillus curvatus and immunomodulatory effect of L. curvatus in streptococcal bacteremia","authors":"L. Mahdi, Nada Mahdi, R. M. Sajet, I. G. Auda, H. Mater, L. Zwain, B. M. Kadhem, L. G. Alsaadi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000150","url":null,"abstract":"&NA; Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis have been associated with the development of caries, oral infections and bacteremia. In fact, there are only a few case reports in the literature describing bacteremia in relation to S. mutans and S. sanguine. The objective of this study was purification and characterization of curvatcin LHM from Lactobacillus curvatus, evaluation of its antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sanguinis and evaluation the effect of minimum inhibitory concentration of curvatcin LHM and chlorohexidine on biofilm formation as well as, study the effect of L. curvatus as immunomodulator. Curvatcin LHM was isolated and purified from L. curvatus culture. Purified and crude curvatcin LHM exhibited bactericidal action against S. mutans and S. sanguinis isolates in vitro. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in viable count between pre and posttreatment of S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms with curvatcin LHM and chlorohexidine. Unlike chlorohexidine, curvatcin LHM left no viable bacterial cells in biofilm of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Bagg Albino laboratory breed (BALB/c) mice were orally administered with L. curvatus for 2 weeks and then intravenously injected with S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Four days before inoculation, microbiological and immune response were determined, serum proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-&agr;, IL-10 and IL-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The L. curvatus treatment significantly decreased S. mutans and S. sanguinis in the organs and blood of mice with bacteremia as compared with the non-L. curvatus-treated mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-&agr;, IL-10 and IL-6, were significantly higher in groups pretreated with L. curvatus (P < 0.05) prior streptococcal infection. These data suggest that curvatcin LHM may be a good alternative to chlorhexidine as an additive for teeth-protective materials. Curvatcin LHM cotreatment with chlorohexidine might help to increase the anticariogenic efficacy of chlorohexidine. On the other hand, L. curvatus can be serving as direct modulator of proinflammatory responses.","PeriodicalId":49625,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"26–35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73060013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：