Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101526
Satyam Chauhan, Saurabh Kumar, Sunil Kumar
This work introduces a novel nearly perfect absorber (PA) design based on graphene as a metamaterial. It consists of a structure with a central layer of silicon dioxide and a graphene array of asterisk-shaped resonators. The unit cell evolved from a single bar to an asterisk-shaped structure that supports multiple resonances. Its symmetric geometry ensures polarization insensitivity and stable performance over wide incident angles, enabling a broad absorption from 400 to 2500 nm. This PA, which deviates from conventional titanium resonators, has remarkable absorption efficiency and a wide spectral response, remaining efficient at different incident wave polarizations. At an average absorptivity of 97.5%, the absorber demonstrates an impressive peak absorption of 99.8% over an ultra-broadband absorption range of 400–2500 nm. The combination of graphene’s intrinsic absorptive features, Fabry–Perot cavity resonance, localized/delocalized surface plasmon resonances resulted in the broadband and high absorption rates. This novel PA marks a major advancement in the design of metamaterials for various optical and energy applications.
{"title":"Polarization-insensitive meta-absorber based on asterisk-shaped graphene resonators for ultra-broadband solar applications","authors":"Satyam Chauhan, Saurabh Kumar, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces a novel nearly perfect absorber (PA) design based on graphene as a metamaterial. It consists of a structure with a central layer of silicon dioxide and a graphene array of asterisk-shaped resonators. The unit cell evolved from a single bar to an asterisk-shaped structure that supports multiple resonances. Its symmetric geometry ensures polarization insensitivity and stable performance over wide incident angles, enabling a broad absorption from 400 to 2500 nm. This PA, which deviates from conventional titanium resonators, has remarkable absorption efficiency and a wide spectral response, remaining efficient at different incident wave polarizations. At an average absorptivity of 97.5%, the absorber demonstrates an impressive peak absorption of 99.8% over an ultra-broadband absorption range of 400–2500 nm. The combination of graphene’s intrinsic absorptive features, Fabry–Perot cavity resonance, localized/delocalized surface plasmon resonances resulted in the broadband and high absorption rates. This novel PA marks a major advancement in the design of metamaterials for various optical and energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101518
Anup Gorai
The realization of efficient red–infrared emission in InₓGa₁₋ₓN/GaN quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) remains challenging due to strong polarization fields that spatially separate electron and hole wave functions, thereby reducing radiative recombination efficiency. In this work, InGaN/GaN QW structures incorporating δ-ZnSnN₂ and δ-InN layers at the well center are proposed to mitigate this limitation. Numerical analysis shows that the electron–hole overlap (Meh) increases nearly threefold compared to conventional InGaN/GaN QWs, enabling efficient red emission. Further optimization of δ-layer thickness drives the emission into the infrared regime. The dependence of emission wavelength and Meh on current density is systematically investigated for both red and infrared operation. The proposed structures achieve spontaneous radiative recombination rates over sixfold higher than conventional designs and radiative efficiencies exceeding 50 %. These results demonstrate the strong potential of InGaN–ZnSnN₂/GaN and InGaN–InN/GaN QW LEDs as promising candidates for high-efficiency long-wavelength optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Incorporation of ZnSnN₂ and InN δ-layers in InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells: Toward efficient long-wavelength III-nitride LEDs","authors":"Anup Gorai","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The realization of efficient red–infrared emission in InₓGa₁₋ₓN/GaN quantum well (QW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) remains challenging due to strong polarization fields that spatially separate electron and hole wave functions, thereby reducing radiative recombination efficiency. In this work, InGaN/GaN QW structures incorporating δ-ZnSnN₂ and δ-InN layers at the well center are proposed to mitigate this limitation. Numerical analysis shows that the electron–hole overlap (Meh) increases nearly threefold compared to conventional InGaN/GaN QWs, enabling efficient red emission. Further optimization of δ-layer thickness drives the emission into the infrared regime. The dependence of emission wavelength and Meh on current density is systematically investigated for both red and infrared operation. The proposed structures achieve spontaneous radiative recombination rates over sixfold higher than conventional designs and radiative efficiencies exceeding 50 %. These results demonstrate the strong potential of InGaN–ZnSnN₂/GaN and InGaN–InN/GaN QW LEDs as promising candidates for high-efficiency long-wavelength optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101527
A. Kolesnikova, N. Kostina, A. Sinelnik, D. Litvinov
Huygens' metasurfaces are widely used types of metasurfaces, enabling near total reflection or transmission for a variety of applications. However, conventional fabrication techniques fundamentally limit property tuning of metasurfaces in dynamics. Here, we theoretically investigate switchable Huygens' metasurfaces utilizing non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) for the telecommunications band. Our design employs meta-atoms supporting the Kerker effect – a cornerstone of Huygens' metasurface operation. We demonstrate that by reversibly switching the PCM phase (e.g., Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ - GST), the Kerker effect and the associated resonant transmittance/reflectance can be dynamically turned ON or OFF within the desired spectral range. This phase-induced switching mechanism enables active control over the metasurface's fundamental optical response. Thereby Huygens' switchable metasurfaces become prospective for next-generation telecom networks, wavelength multiplexing, biophotonics and medicine.
{"title":"Switchable Huygens metasurface based on phase change material at telecommunication range","authors":"A. Kolesnikova, N. Kostina, A. Sinelnik, D. Litvinov","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Huygens' metasurfaces are widely used types of metasurfaces, enabling near total reflection or transmission for a variety of applications. However, conventional fabrication techniques fundamentally limit property tuning of metasurfaces in dynamics. Here, we theoretically investigate switchable Huygens' metasurfaces utilizing non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) for the telecommunications band. Our design employs meta-atoms supporting the Kerker effect – a cornerstone of Huygens' metasurface operation. We demonstrate that by reversibly switching the PCM phase (e.g., Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ - GST), the Kerker effect and the associated resonant transmittance/reflectance can be dynamically turned ON or OFF within the desired spectral range. This phase-induced switching mechanism enables active control over the metasurface's fundamental optical response. Thereby Huygens' switchable metasurfaces become prospective for next-generation telecom networks, wavelength multiplexing, biophotonics and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101519
Yury M. Meleshin, Maxim V. Azarov, Artem A. Airapetian, Konstantin S. Lyalin
This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental verification of a flexible thin-film conformal metasurface for backscattering control via orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave generation in the X-band (9.5–10.5 GHz). The metasurface comprises asymmetric square loop meta-atoms fabricated on an air-equivalent dielectric substrate (εᵣ ≈ 1) with subwavelength thickness (< λ/15 at 10 GHz). Analytical modeling defines the phase difference requirement for spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, enabling OAM mode l = +1 generation upon circularly polarized wave reflection. Full-wave EM simulations and antenna array theory predictions confirmed a characteristic radiation pattern null along the OAM propagation axis. Experimental prototypes were fabricated using adhesive-backed foil on foam-core substrates, demonstrating: 4 dB reflected power reduction for the OAM-generating metasurface compared to a uniform-phase reference; 7 dB reflected waves reduction versus solid metal including for various radii (∞ – 2.5λ) of rounding surfaces. The measured suppression bandwidth reached 1 GHz, though alignment sensitivity due to the narrow null zone was identified as a limitation. Additional radial phase gradients for beam defocusing reduced performance by 1–2 dB due to main lobe distortion. Discrepancies between analytical models and measurements underscored the importance of mutual coupling effects in complex phase distributions. This work confirms thin-film conformal metasurfaces as a viable solution for controllable backscattering.
{"title":"Orbital angular momentum generating thin-film conformal metasurface for backscattering control","authors":"Yury M. Meleshin, Maxim V. Azarov, Artem A. Airapetian, Konstantin S. Lyalin","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental verification of a flexible thin-film conformal metasurface for backscattering control via orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave generation in the X-band (9.5–10.5 GHz). The metasurface comprises asymmetric square loop meta-atoms fabricated on an air-equivalent dielectric substrate (εᵣ ≈ 1) with subwavelength thickness (< λ/15 at 10 GHz). Analytical modeling defines the phase difference requirement for spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, enabling OAM mode l = +1 generation upon circularly polarized wave reflection. Full-wave EM simulations and antenna array theory predictions confirmed a characteristic radiation pattern null along the OAM propagation axis. Experimental prototypes were fabricated using adhesive-backed foil on foam-core substrates, demonstrating: 4 dB reflected power reduction for the OAM-generating metasurface compared to a uniform-phase reference; 7 dB reflected waves reduction versus solid metal including for various radii (∞ – 2.5λ) of rounding surfaces. The measured suppression bandwidth reached 1 GHz, though alignment sensitivity due to the narrow null zone was identified as a limitation. Additional radial phase gradients for beam defocusing reduced performance by 1–2 dB due to main lobe distortion. Discrepancies between analytical models and measurements underscored the importance of mutual coupling effects in complex phase distributions. This work confirms thin-film conformal metasurfaces as a viable solution for controllable backscattering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101505
Toka Alfeky , Shimaa S. Abdelfattah , Zeinab A. Ali , Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed , S.S.A. Obayya , Mahmoud Salman S. Ibrahim
In this paper, an innovative and sensitive hybrid plasmonic/2D photonic crystal-based sensor for precise magnetic field strength monitoring from 30 mT (milliTesla) to 60 mT is studied and analyzed. The suggested sensor has 2D photonic crystal of silicon rods embedded in air background. Additionally, four plasmonic rods of silver are used around a central SiO2 nanoring cavity. The nanocavity is filled with a proper magnetic fluid (MF). The suggested design has a resonance peak that is correlated to the externally applied magnetic field intensity. The transmission spectrum, in addition to the electric field distribution are simulated using numerically efficient finite element method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The band structure and the photonic bandgap for the two polarized modes, transverse electric (TE), and transverse magnetic (TM) are computed through the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The geometrical dimensions are studied for enhancing the sensor performance parameters, addressing the spectral sensitivity (S), quality factor (Q), and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed design demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity of 800 nm/RIU (≈ 40.7 nm/mT), an ultra-high Q of 14885, and FOM of 6936 RIU−1 (≈ 353.9 mT−1). These presented findings indicate that the sensor has the capability for highly accurate magnetic field detection, making it suitable for utilization in biomedical detection and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, this work provides informative details into the architecture and optimization of hybrid plasmonic-photonic sensors for enhanced performance, opening new avenues for sensitive detection across various fields. It also helps in biological and medical diagnosis of brain and heart diseases, and in detecting magnetic pollutants in water or soil.
{"title":"Highly sensitive hybrid plasmonic 2D photonic crystal magnetic field sensor","authors":"Toka Alfeky , Shimaa S. Abdelfattah , Zeinab A. Ali , Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed , S.S.A. Obayya , Mahmoud Salman S. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an innovative and sensitive hybrid plasmonic/2D photonic crystal-based sensor for precise magnetic field strength monitoring from 30 mT (milliTesla) to 60 mT is studied and analyzed. The suggested sensor has 2D photonic crystal of silicon rods embedded in air background. Additionally, four plasmonic rods of silver are used around a central SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoring cavity. The nanocavity is filled with a proper magnetic fluid (MF). The suggested design has a resonance peak that is correlated to the externally applied magnetic field intensity. The transmission spectrum, in addition to the electric field distribution are simulated using numerically efficient finite element method (FEM) through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The band structure and the photonic bandgap for the two polarized modes, transverse electric (TE), and transverse magnetic (TM) are computed through the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The geometrical dimensions are studied for enhancing the sensor performance parameters, addressing the spectral sensitivity (S), quality factor (Q), and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed design demonstrates a remarkable sensitivity of 800 nm/RIU (≈ 40.7 nm/mT), an ultra-high Q of 14885, and FOM of 6936 RIU<sup>−1</sup> (≈ 353.9 mT<sup>−1</sup>). These presented findings indicate that the sensor has the capability for highly accurate magnetic field detection, making it suitable for utilization in biomedical detection and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, this work provides informative details into the architecture and optimization of hybrid plasmonic-photonic sensors for enhanced performance, opening new avenues for sensitive detection across various fields. It also helps in biological and medical diagnosis of brain and heart diseases, and in detecting magnetic pollutants in water or soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101522
Yide Zhang , Savda Sam , Jesus Hernan Mendoza-Castro , Bernhard Lendl , Georg Ramer , Liam O’Faolain
We present an integrated optomechanical force sensor that employs waveguide Bragg gratings (WBGs) embedded in microcantilevers, offering a compact, fully passive optical readout suitable for atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications. Using a fully coupled three-dimensional (3D) finite element framework, we simultaneously model cantilever deformation, stress-induced refractive index changes, and optical mode evolution, offering improved accuracy and efficiency over decoupled approaches. Our analysis shows that the Bragg resonance shift arises primarily from the photoelastic effect and the resulting inhomogeneous refractive index distribution, with negligible contribution from cantilever bending-induced grating period changes, clarifying a mechanism often oversimplified in previous studies. By examining both the magnitude and direction of the resonance shift at a fixed interrogation wavelength or across the full reflection spectrum, we demonstrate that both compressive and tensile forces can be detected, enabling directional, all-optical force sensing. Simulations indicate that nanoscale forces applied at the cantilever tip produce detectable Bragg wavelength shifts, achieving a maximum force resolution of approximately 0.62 nm/µN and a minimum detectable force of 1.6 nN (for a 1 pm wavelength resolution). Beyond AFM, these findings establish clear design rules for the development of highly sensitive, fabrication-tolerant, and fully integrated photonic force transducers with potential applications in biosensing, lab-on-chip applications, and scalable MEMS/NEMS sensor arrays.
{"title":"Waveguide Bragg grating-enhanced microcantilever-based force sensor","authors":"Yide Zhang , Savda Sam , Jesus Hernan Mendoza-Castro , Bernhard Lendl , Georg Ramer , Liam O’Faolain","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an integrated optomechanical force sensor that employs waveguide Bragg gratings (WBGs) embedded in microcantilevers, offering a compact, fully passive optical readout suitable for atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications. Using a fully coupled three-dimensional (3D) finite element framework, we simultaneously model cantilever deformation, stress-induced refractive index changes, and optical mode evolution, offering improved accuracy and efficiency over decoupled approaches. Our analysis shows that the Bragg resonance shift arises primarily from the photoelastic effect and the resulting inhomogeneous refractive index distribution, with negligible contribution from cantilever bending-induced grating period changes, clarifying a mechanism often oversimplified in previous studies. By examining both the magnitude and direction of the resonance shift at a fixed interrogation wavelength or across the full reflection spectrum, we demonstrate that both compressive and tensile forces can be detected, enabling directional, all-optical force sensing. Simulations indicate that nanoscale forces applied at the cantilever tip produce detectable Bragg wavelength shifts, achieving a maximum force resolution of approximately 0.62<!--> <!-->nm/µN and a minimum detectable force of 1.6<!--> <!-->nN (for a 1<!--> <!-->pm wavelength resolution). Beyond AFM, these findings establish clear design rules for the development of highly sensitive, fabrication-tolerant, and fully integrated photonic force transducers with potential applications in biosensing, lab-on-chip applications, and scalable MEMS/NEMS sensor arrays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101506
Ruozhang Xing, Xiujuan Zou, Wei Zhou, Jing Chen
MXene-based broadband absorbers have sparked considerable interest in thermal management, antenna design, and stealth technology, but ones that cover the spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to short-wave infrared (SWIR) pose challenges. In this work, the mechanism of impedance matching — achieved through optical interference and material loss — for near-perfect absorption in the SWIR region is probed based on the transfer matrix theory. Furthermore, a broadband Si-inserted MXene metamaterials absorber covering UV to SWIR regions with a classical MXene-dielectric-MXene configuration is proposed and numerically demonstrated. The absorber achieves high absorption with an average value of 94.9% and minimum value of 87% ranging from 300 nm to 3300 nm. Importantly, average absorption in the SWIR region reaches 96.13%, with absorption peaking above 99% ranging from 2300 nm to 2700 nm. The broadband absorption can be attributed to multiple different resonances and couplings. The robustness of the absorber was further demonstrated by examining the absorption under oblique incidence in polarized light. These findings exhibit spatially concentrated broadband absorption, with potential applications in energy harvesting, infrared stealth, and thermal sensing.
{"title":"Broadband polarization-insensitive Si-inserted MXene metamaterials absorber from UV to SWIR regions","authors":"Ruozhang Xing, Xiujuan Zou, Wei Zhou, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXene-based broadband absorbers have sparked considerable interest in thermal management, antenna design, and stealth technology, but ones that cover the spectrum from ultraviolet (UV) to short-wave infrared (SWIR) pose challenges. In this work, the mechanism of impedance matching — achieved through optical interference and material loss — for near-perfect absorption in the SWIR region is probed based on the transfer matrix theory. Furthermore, a broadband Si-inserted MXene metamaterials absorber covering UV to SWIR regions with a classical MXene-dielectric-MXene configuration is proposed and numerically demonstrated. The absorber achieves high absorption with an average value of 94.9% and minimum value of 87% ranging from 300 nm to 3300 nm. Importantly, average absorption in the SWIR region reaches 96.13%, with absorption peaking above 99% ranging from 2300 nm to 2700 nm. The broadband absorption can be attributed to multiple different resonances and couplings. The robustness of the absorber was further demonstrated by examining the absorption under oblique incidence in polarized light. These findings exhibit spatially concentrated broadband absorption, with potential applications in energy harvesting, infrared stealth, and thermal sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101525
Qingyang Meng , Hongxia Zhang , Zongjie Zhang , Wenjing Li , Dagong Jia , Tiegen Liu
This study proposes a theoretical approach to enhance the sensitivity and response time of dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors by modulating the pore size of the matrix. The ruthenium complex Ru(bpy)2(phen-NH2) was immobilized on the surfaces of three anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films with distinct pore sizes via a covalent bonding process, and their microstructures were systematically characterized. These AAO-based sensing films were separately integrated into an optical fiber DO sensing system, using a 405 nm laser as the excitation source. Based on the phosphorescence quenching effect of the ruthenium complex, quantitative detection of DO was achieved by establishing a linear relationship between phosphorescence intensity decay and oxygen concentration. The results show that the AAO film with the largest pore size can significantly increase the oxygen diffusion coefficient, thereby shortening the sensor’s response time and improving its sensitivity simultaneously. Due to the strong interaction between the fluorescent dye and molecular oxygen, this film has excellent oxygen quenching performance. Specifically, the sensor based on AAO pores of 260–300 nm demonstrated a response time of 2 s, a sensitivity of 0.2/[O2], and a phosphorescence intensity ratio I0/I17.63 of 4.9 within the DO concentration range of 0–17.63 mg/L. This study provides new insights for the design of high-performance DO sensing membranes in the future.
{"title":"Validation of pore effects on enhancing the sensitivity and response time of optical oxygen sensors via AAO matrix","authors":"Qingyang Meng , Hongxia Zhang , Zongjie Zhang , Wenjing Li , Dagong Jia , Tiegen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a theoretical approach to enhance the sensitivity and response time of dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors by modulating the pore size of the matrix. The ruthenium complex Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(phen-NH<sub>2</sub>) was immobilized on the surfaces of three anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films with distinct pore sizes via a covalent bonding process, and their microstructures were systematically characterized. These AAO-based sensing films were separately integrated into an optical fiber DO sensing system, using a 405 nm laser as the excitation source. Based on the phosphorescence quenching effect of the ruthenium complex, quantitative detection of DO was achieved by establishing a linear relationship between phosphorescence intensity decay and oxygen concentration. The results show that the AAO film with the largest pore size can significantly increase the oxygen diffusion coefficient, thereby shortening the sensor’s response time and improving its sensitivity simultaneously. Due to the strong interaction between the fluorescent dye and molecular oxygen, this film has excellent oxygen quenching performance. Specifically, the sensor based on AAO pores of 260–300 nm demonstrated a response time of 2 s, a sensitivity of 0.2/[<em>O</em><sub>2</sub>], and a phosphorescence intensity ratio <em>I</em><sub>0</sub>/<em>I</em><sub>17.63</sub> of 4.9 within the DO concentration range of 0–17.63 mg/L. This study provides new insights for the design of high-performance DO sensing membranes in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101517
Shanqi Yang , Xiangke Li , Xingchen Zhao , Xinhui Fu , Lingqi Li , Weijin Kong , Kun Zhang
Topological photonic crystals are crucial for the design of waveguides due to their robust communication capabilities. The introduction of layer pseudospin enriches the dispersion engineering capability, achieving prospective applications for the interlayer conversion. We explore the properties of trilayer valley photonic crystals (VPCs) and classify them according to the symmetry of adjacent layers. Breaking the inversion symmetry and keeping the mirror symmetry, trilayer-mixed states are obtained. On the contrary, breaking the mirror symmetry of the adjacent bilayer, bilayer-mixed and layer-polarized states are achieved. As a result, the middle layer serves as a bridge enhancing the wave coupling between the upper and lower layers. Combining the aforementioned edge states, two kinds of interlayer converters are constructed. One converter has functions of interlayer beam splitter and combiner, expanding the wave manipulation functions in three-dimensional space. The other one converts wave from the lower layer to the upper layer, increasing the vertical switching distance of interlayer conversion. Both converters show good robustness to the geometric defects compared with traditional waveguide structures. The trilayer VPCs not only enrich the topological phases of layered structures, but also expand the regulation dimensions and spatial scales. Such versatile and robust performance offers an alternative approach to manipulating light for the development of integrated photonics, such as optical routing and 3D interferometers.
{"title":"Interlayer topological edge states and converters based on trilayer valley photonic crystals","authors":"Shanqi Yang , Xiangke Li , Xingchen Zhao , Xinhui Fu , Lingqi Li , Weijin Kong , Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topological photonic crystals are crucial for the design of waveguides due to their robust communication capabilities. The introduction of layer pseudospin enriches the dispersion engineering capability, achieving prospective applications for the interlayer conversion. We explore the properties of trilayer valley photonic crystals (VPCs) and classify them according to the symmetry of adjacent layers. Breaking the inversion symmetry and keeping the mirror symmetry, trilayer-mixed states are obtained. On the contrary, breaking the mirror symmetry of the adjacent bilayer, bilayer-mixed and layer-polarized states are achieved. As a result, the middle layer serves as a bridge enhancing the wave coupling between the upper and lower layers. Combining the aforementioned edge states, two kinds of interlayer converters are constructed. One converter has functions of interlayer beam splitter and combiner, expanding the wave manipulation functions in three-dimensional space. The other one converts wave from the lower layer to the upper layer, increasing the vertical switching distance of interlayer conversion. Both converters show good robustness to the geometric defects compared with traditional waveguide structures. The trilayer VPCs not only enrich the topological phases of layered structures, but also expand the regulation dimensions and spatial scales. Such versatile and robust performance offers an alternative approach to manipulating light for the development of integrated photonics, such as optical routing and 3D interferometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101529
Chaojun Tang , Renzhong Ma , Zhendong Yan , Fanxin Liu , Wei Du
Ultraviolet plasmonic metasurfaces supporting high-quality-factor resonances are of significant interest for advanced photonic applications, yet remain challenging due to pronounced optical losses at short wavelengths. Herein, we propose an all-metal plasmonic metasurface composed of aluminum asymmetric nanorod dimers, which enables double Fano resonances (FRs) in the ultraviolet regime via symmetry breaking. These dual FRs originate from the plasmon hybridization between two pairs of plasmonic electric dipole and electric quadrupole resonances, as elucidated through a multiple Fano model. By tailoring the structural asymmetry factor and thickness of the nanorods, the emergence and disappearance of the double FRs can be effectively controlled. The resonances exhibit strong polarization dependence, allowing efficient optical intensity modulation. The proposed metasurface delivers a sensing sensitivity of 216 nm/RIU and an FoM as high as 43.2. This all-metal metasurface platform is well-suited for ultraviolet light modulation and high-performance optical sensing.
{"title":"Ultraviolet double Fano resonances in asymmetric all-metal metasurface for optical modulation and sensing","authors":"Chaojun Tang , Renzhong Ma , Zhendong Yan , Fanxin Liu , Wei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2026.101529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet plasmonic metasurfaces supporting high-quality-factor resonances are of significant interest for advanced photonic applications, yet remain challenging due to pronounced optical losses at short wavelengths. Herein, we propose an all-metal plasmonic metasurface composed of aluminum asymmetric nanorod dimers, which enables double Fano resonances (FRs) in the ultraviolet regime via symmetry breaking. These dual FRs originate from the plasmon hybridization between two pairs of plasmonic electric dipole and electric quadrupole resonances, as elucidated through a multiple Fano model. By tailoring the structural asymmetry factor and thickness of the nanorods, the emergence and disappearance of the double FRs can be effectively controlled. The resonances exhibit strong polarization dependence, allowing efficient optical intensity modulation. The proposed metasurface delivers a sensing sensitivity of 216 nm/RIU and an <em>FoM</em> as high as 43.2. This all-metal metasurface platform is well-suited for ultraviolet light modulation and high-performance optical sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147399063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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