Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications最新文献_第5页

Inverse-designed ultra-compact hexagonal/square/circular silicon on-chip wavelength routers 反设计超紧凑六角形/方形/圆形硅片上波长路由器

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101455

Shouzhi Zhao , Nanrun Zhou , Cuicui Lu , Huiqin Wang , Zijing Zhang , Haoji Yang

Wavelength routers (WRs) are important in on-chip photonic integrated circuits. A modified sequential quadratic programming (MSQP) inverse design method is proposed to design multi-shape WRs. In this method, fabrication constraints are considered by quoting projection functions, while the finite element method (FEM) is used for optical field simulation during the iterative optimization process. By the MSQP method, the 10-channel hexagonal, square, and circular WRs are designed with footprints of 3.74 μm², 4.00 μm², and 4.52 μm², respectively. Their average transmission efficiencies are 81.0 %, 77.4 %, and 76.4 % in the 1070–1600 nm, 1070–1620 nm, and 1070–1620 nm bands, respectively. Additionally, 11- and 12-channel square WRs are designed with footprints of 4.00 μm². Their average transmission efficiencies are 75.6 % and 72.0 %, within the 1070–1690 nm and 1070–1640 nm bands. Furthermore, the fabrication tolerances of the hexagonal WR are analyzed. The results show that it has the tolerant capabilities of a silicon layer thickness variation of ±50 nm, an etching line width deviation of ±10 nm, an edge roughness of 1–10 nm, and a misalignment of 20 nm. This study provides new ideas for the design of ultra-compact integrated devices and lays the foundation for high-volume optical computing.

波长路由器是片上光子集成电路的重要组成部分。提出了一种改进的序列二次规划（MSQP）反设计方法来设计多形状水反应堆。该方法通过引用投影函数来考虑制作约束，在迭代优化过程中采用有限元法进行光场模拟。采用MSQP方法，设计了占地面积分别为3.74 μm2、4.00 μm2和4.52 μm2的10通道六角形、方形和圆形wr。在1070 ~ 1600 nm、1070 ~ 1620 nm和1070 ~ 1620 nm波段的平均传输效率分别为81.0 %、77.4% %和76.4 %。此外，11通道和12通道方形wr的占用面积为4.00 μm2。在1070-1690 nm和1070-1640 nm波段，它们的平均传输效率分别为75.6 %和72.0 %。此外，还分析了六边形WR的加工公差。结果表明，该系统对硅层厚度变化±50 nm、蚀刻线宽度偏差±10 nm、边缘粗糙度1 ~ 10 nm、对中误差20 nm具有耐受能力。该研究为超紧凑集成器件的设计提供了新的思路，为大规模光计算奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Topological properties in a GaAs-SU8-Based phoxonic crystal with high Q factor and mechanics-optics coupling coefficient 具有高Q因子和高力学-光学耦合系数的gaas - su8光子晶体的拓扑性质

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101435

Hanbo Shao, XiaoChen Hang, Dong Jiang

We propose a two-dimensional GaAs-SU8-Based (SU8 photoresist is a high-contrast epoxy negative photoresist) phoxonic crystal to simultaneously exhibit topological characteristic of electromagnetic and elastic waves. By rotating the angle of SU8 holes with respect to the center of the regular hexagon, diarc cone degeneracy occurs at both photonic and phononic bandgap, accompanied by band flipping. Further, the topological transmission and robustness is verified by design three different interface channels with a 30°/-30° flip. We investigate the Q factor of both mechanics and optics in this topological system, when the ratio n = 0.2 (radius r to the lattice constant a) and a= 340μm, Q_photonic and Q_phononic achieve highest, equal to 6432 and 2508, respectively. At this time, the mechanics-optics coupling in the phoxonic cavity reaches its maximum, g_mb= 1024 Hz, g_pe= 75.2 Hz and g= 1099.2 Hz. (g_mb means the moving interface effect; g_pe means the photoelastic effect, and g means the The mechanics-optics coupling coefficient) The propose PxCs realize highly topologically protected and robust characteristics with the effect of maintaining high optical force coupling rate. Providing a model reference for the design of mechanic-optic functional devices such as liquid concentration sensor, mass sensor and micro-displacement sensor.

我们提出了一种基于gaas -SU8 （SU8光刻胶是一种高对比度环氧负光刻胶）的二维光子晶体，同时表现出电磁波和弹性波的拓扑特征。通过旋转SU8孔相对于正六边形中心的角度，在光子和声子带隙中都发生了斜锥简并，并伴有带翻转。此外，通过设计三个具有30°/-30°翻转的不同接口通道，验证了拓扑传输和鲁棒性。我们研究了该拓扑系统的力学和光学Q因子，当n = 0.2（半径r对晶格常数a）和a= 340μm时，Qphotonic和Qphononic达到最高，分别为6432和2508。此时，光子腔内的机光耦合达到最大值，gmb= 1024 Hz, gpe= 75.2 Hz, g= 1099.2 Hz。（gmb表示移动界面效应，gpe表示光弹性效应，g表示力学-光学耦合系数）所提出的PxCs具有高度拓扑保护和鲁棒性，并具有保持高光力耦合率的效果。为液体浓度传感器、质量传感器、微位移传感器等机光功能器件的设计提供了模型参考。

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引用次数: 0

Study on fluorescence collection enhancement of NV color centers in diamond by anti-reflection gradient refractive index diamond-like coatings 抗反射梯度折射率类金刚石涂层增强金刚石中NV色心荧光收集的研究

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101432

Zhanqing He , Yanlong Du , Xin Tan , Jiachang Li , Lei Cang , Tianning Pang , Hui Qi

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond, recognized as the most prevalent defect centers, are extensively utilized in fields such as quantum communication and quantum sensing. However, the high reflectance at the diamond-air interface results in low fluorescence collection efficiency of NV color centers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes the deposition of an anti-reflection gradient refractive index diamond-like coating (DLC) on the diamond substrate to enhance light transmittance and, consequently, improve the fluorescence collection from the NV color centers. By employing the finite-difference time-domain method in conjunction with a gradient refractive index distribution, we simulate the number of DLC layers and their thickness to assess the effects of the anti-reflection coating on transmittance, reflectance, and emission efficiency of the NV color centers within the diamond substrate. This analysis elucidates the mechanisms by which the anti-reflection coating enhances fluorescence collection in the NV color centers. Furthermore, we prepared the diamond substrate using the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method and applied the anti-reflection coating via the magnetron sputtering technique. Testing demonstrated that with the addition of the anti-reflection coating, reflectivity was reduced to a mere 1.7 %, reduce by about 1/10 lower than without the coating. Additionally, following the deposition of the anti-reflective coating, the fluorescence collection of the NV⁰ and NV^- color centers was significantly enhanced, with the fluorescence collection of the NV⁰ color centers increasing by 1.7 times and that of the NV^- color centers increasing by 1.9 times.

金刚石中的氮空位（NV）色中心被认为是最普遍的缺陷中心，在量子通信和量子传感等领域得到了广泛的应用。然而，金刚石-空气界面处的高反射率导致NV色中心的荧光收集效率较低。为了解决这一挑战，本文提出在金刚石衬底上沉积抗反射梯度折射率类金刚石涂层（DLC），以提高透光率，从而提高NV色中心的荧光收集。通过结合梯度折射率分布的时域有限差分方法，我们模拟了DLC层的数量和厚度，以评估抗反射涂层对金刚石衬底内NV色中心的透射率、反射率和发射效率的影响。这一分析阐明了增透涂层增强NV色中心荧光收集的机制。在此基础上，采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制备了金刚石衬底，并采用磁控溅射技术制备了增透涂层。测试表明，添加增透涂层后，反射率仅降低到1.7 %，比未添加增透涂层时降低了约1/10。此外，在增透涂层沉积后，NV0和NV-色心的荧光收集明显增强，NV0色心的荧光收集增加了1.7倍，NV-色心的荧光收集增加了1.9倍。

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引用次数: 0

Low-temperature chemical synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles for optical power limiting applications 用于光功率限制应用的银纳米粒子的低温化学合成和稳定

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101434

Shradha Lakhera , Vivek Dhuliya , Meenakshi Rana , L.P. Purohit

Chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using a chemical reduction method and its optical limiting activity is discussed in this article. The prepared AgNPs were tested under laser light and showed a clear path of the laser light indicating the dispersion of the laser beam via the nano-range particles. The morphological and energy dispersive spectra indicated the availability of AgNPs with a particle size of 3–13 nm. The absorption spectra of the prepared AgNPs stabilized by polyvinyl pyrrolidine confirmed that the AgNPs with 0.5 ml polyvinyl pyrrolidine were the most stable. The prepared AgNPs were stable for up to 60 days. The band gap of the prepared AgNPs was confirmed as 2.4 eV. The Fourier-transform Infrared spectra confirmed the stretching vibrations of the CO and O-H bonds. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images confirms the formation of AgNPs and the elemental composition confirmed that the prepared AgNPs has a weight percentage of 24 % Ag atoms. Tunneling electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the average particle size of AgNPs was 9 nm. The diffraction pattern obtained indicates the Face-centered cubic crystal structure of the AgNPs. In the Z-scan experiment, a valley-like pattern with a minimum at the origin was observed for the normalized transmittance versus distance (Z(mm)). The optical limiting pattern decreases the transmittance with increasing input intensity. The results reproduced by Z-scan analysis shows the optical limiting characteristics of the prepared AgNPs which can be employed for the fabrication of laser safety devices.

采用化学还原法制备了银纳米粒子，并对其光学极限活性进行了讨论。制备的AgNPs在激光下进行了测试，显示出清晰的激光路径，表明激光束通过纳米级颗粒的色散。形态和能量色散谱表明，AgNPs的粒径为3-13 nm。聚乙烯醇吡咯烷稳定AgNPs的吸收光谱证实，加入0.5 ml聚乙烯醇吡咯烷的AgNPs最稳定。制备的AgNPs在60天内保持稳定。所得AgNPs的带隙为2.4 eV。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了CO和O-H键的伸缩振动。场发射扫描电镜图像证实了AgNPs的形成，元素组成证实制备的AgNPs具有24% % Ag原子的重量百分比。隧道电镜分析证实，AgNPs的平均粒径为9 nm。衍射图显示了AgNPs的面心立方晶体结构。在Z扫描实验中，观察到归一化透射率随距离（Z(mm)）在原点处具有最小值的谷状图案。光学限制图案随着输入强度的增加而降低透光率。z扫描分析结果表明，制备的AgNPs具有良好的光学限制特性，可用于激光安全器件的制备。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive modulation of femtosecond laser multi-beams based on hologram design and feedback loop 基于全息图设计和反馈回路的飞秒激光多光束自适应调制

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101433

Yuhan Gu , Yanping Yuan , Yinyin Qiao , Wenbo Wang

Femtosecond lasers demonstrate unique advantages in micro/nano processing and are widely used in precision manufacturing. However, the inherent Gaussian intensity distribution of single-beam fundamentally limits processing efficiency, while multi-beam approaches suffer from energy non-uniformity due to phase distortions and optical aberrations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi-beam energy uniformity enhancement method based on hologram design (by optimizing the weighting of superimposed holograms) and real-time feedback loop (dynamically correcting the impact of light source deformation and hardware defects on beam quality). Experimental findings clearly show the proposed approach successfully accomplishes uniform four-beam modulation, enabling a four-times increase in processing speed. When only the proposed hologram design method is used, the uniformity factor of four beam is 0.831, and the standard deviation of the intensity ratio of four beams is 2.3 %. When the hologram design is combined with the correction of the feedback loop, the uniformity factor increases to 0.965 and the standard deviation is reduced to 0.4 %. In actual processing, the uniformity of the ablation width reaches 6.10 ± 0.426 μm. The proposed method can both improve the processing efficiency and enhance the processing quality, which provides a new technological approach for the application of femtosecond laser processing.

飞秒激光器在微纳加工中具有独特的优势，在精密制造中得到了广泛的应用。然而，单光束固有的高斯强度分布从根本上限制了处理效率，而多光束方法由于相位畸变和光学像差而存在能量不均匀性。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种基于全息图设计（通过优化叠加全息图的权重）和实时反馈回路（动态纠正光源变形和硬件缺陷对光束质量的影响）的多光束能量均匀性增强方法。实验结果清楚地表明，该方法成功地实现了均匀的四波束调制，使处理速度提高了四倍。仅采用本文提出的全息图设计方法时，四束光的均匀度系数为0.831，四束光强比的标准差为2.3 %。当全息图设计与反馈回路校正相结合时，均匀系数提高到0.965，标准差降低到0.4 %。在实际加工中，烧蚀宽度均匀性达到6.10 ± 0.426 μm。该方法既提高了加工效率，又提高了加工质量，为飞秒激光加工的应用提供了新的技术途径。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular structure, linear, and third-order nonlinear optical treatment of GO@ZnFe2O4/TMSP/CdTe QDs nanocomposite: Preparation and characterization GO@ZnFe2O4/TMSP/CdTe量子点纳米复合材料的分子结构、线性和三阶非线性光学处理：制备和表征

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101431

Ahad Amiri , Hakime Zare , Yousef Fazaeli , Zahra Dehghani , Mohammad Eslami-Kalantari

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel GO@ZnFe₂O₄/TMSP/CdTe nanocomposite with enhanced third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a solvothermal method and structurally characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of the composite phases with good crystallinity, while FTIR spectra revealed strong chemical bonding between the constituents. FESEM images showed a uniform morphology and intimate contact among the components. Magnetic measurements indicated a superparamagnetic behavior with moderate saturation magnetization, confirming the preservation of ZnFe₂O₄ magnetic properties within the hybrid structure. The complex dielectric function was derived using Kramers–Kronig (KK) analysis of FTIR reflectance spectra, revealing prominent LO and TO phonon modes. NLO measurements were performed using the continuous-wave (CW) Z-scan technique at 532 nm. The nanocomposite demonstrated reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and a negative nonlinear refractive index (

n_{2}

), with self-defocusing effect. Importantly, the nonlinear coefficients were found to increase with increasing nanocomposite concentration, confirming the role of particle density in enhancing the NLO response. These findings indicate strong light-matter interactions and thermal contributions under CW excitation. Comparative analysis with reported materials shows that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibits competitive NLO performance. The material's multifunctionality and strong optical nonlinearity suggest promising applications in optical limiting, photonic switching, and magneto-optical devices.

本文报道了一种新型的GO@ZnFe₂O₄/TMSP/CdTe纳米复合材料的合成和表征，该复合材料具有增强的三阶非线性光学（NLO）性能。采用溶剂热法合成了纳米复合材料，并利用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散x射线（EDX）和紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱对其进行了结构表征。XRD分析证实了复合相的成功形成，具有良好的结晶度，而FTIR光谱显示了组分之间的强化学键合。FESEM图像显示各组分形态均匀，接触密切。磁测量表明，在中等饱和磁化强度下具有超顺磁性，证实了ZnFe₂O₄在杂化结构中保留了磁性。利用FTIR反射光谱的KK - kronig （Kramers-Kronig）分析推导出复介电函数，揭示出明显的LO和TO声子模式。NLO测量使用连续波（CW） z扫描技术在532 nm处进行。该纳米复合材料具有反向饱和吸收（RSA）和负非线性折射率（n2），具有自散焦效果。重要的是，非线性系数随着纳米复合材料浓度的增加而增加，证实了粒子密度在增强NLO响应中的作用。这些发现表明，在连续波激发下，光与物质之间存在强烈的相互作用和热贡献。与已有材料的对比分析表明，合成的纳米复合材料具有具有竞争力的NLO性能。该材料的多功能性和强光学非线性在光限制、光子开关和磁光器件方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Quad-port wheel-shaped MIMO patch antenna system deployed at UWB application for 6G terahertz communications 四端口轮形MIMO贴片天线系统部署在UWB应用中，用于6G太赫兹通信

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101430

Ketavath Kumar Naik , Chirukuri Naga Phaneendra , Tathababu Addepalli , Ahmed J.A. Al-Gburi

A quad-port wheel-shaped MIMO patch (QWMP) antenna featuring a circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) slot is proposed for 6G terahertz communication. The radiating elements are configured in a pattern diversity arrangement to enhance diversity performance and minimize mutual coupling. The QWMP antenna is fabricated on Kapton polyimide with overall dimensions of 400 × 400 × 20 µm³ . It exhibits a wide bandwidth (S₁₁ < −10 dB) of 0.94 THz, covering the range from 1.93 THz to 2.87 THz. The QWMP antenna achieves a high gain of 8.12 dBi and 9.41 dBi at 2.00 THz and 2.75 THz, respectively. The values of ECC < 0.001 and DG > 9.995 indicate that the QWMP antenna has excellent diversity performance, making it suitable for high-speed, low-latency 6 G communication systems. The simulated results of key antenna parameters, including radiation patterns, gain, and diversity characteristics, are examined and presented. The proposed antenna demonstrates significant potential for next-generation terahertz communication applications.

提出了一种具有圆形互补裂环谐振器（CSRR）槽的四端口轮式MIMO贴片（QWMP）天线，用于6G太赫兹通信。所述辐射元件被配置成图案分集布置，以增强分集性能并使相互耦合最小化。QWMP天线由Kapton聚酰亚胺制成，整体尺寸为400 × 400 × 20 µm³ 。它具有宽带宽(S₁₁<；−10 dB) 0.94 太赫兹，覆盖范围从1.93 太赫兹到2.87 太赫兹。QWMP天线在2.00 太赫兹和2.75 太赫兹下分别实现了8.12 dBi和9.41 dBi的高增益。ECC <； 0.001和DG >； 9.995的值表明，QWMP天线具有优异的分集性能，适用于高速、低延迟的6 G通信系统。对天线的辐射方向图、增益和分集特性等关键参数进行了仿真分析。所提出的天线显示了下一代太赫兹通信应用的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the interaction between bloch surface waves and atomic hot vapor: a theoretical perspective 探索斑点表面波与原子热蒸汽之间的相互作用：一个理论视角

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101429

A. Sohrabi, M. Asadolah Salmanpour, M. Mosleh, S.M. Hamidi

The miniaturization of atom-light interaction platforms is crucial for advancing modern optical technologies, enabling significant improvements in sensing, communication, and quantum information processing. In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation into the coupling of Bloch surface waves (BSWs) at the resonance angle of 69° in a one-dimensional 24-layered photonic crystals with atomic hot vapor with a focus on atomic structures. These surface waves are known for their strong field confinement and high sensitivity to environmental changes which offer a promising avenue for enhancing light-matter interactions at reduced scales. Our findings highlight the potential of Bloch surface waves to enhance and control the localized density of states (LDOS), thereby improving the resolution of atomic transition lines. Notably, our simulations demonstrate that BSWs achieve superior resolution compared to plasmonic modes, enabling the distinct resolution of all eight hyperfine states of natural rubidium vapor (four for ⁸⁵Rb and four for ⁸⁷Rb D₁ line). This study underscores the importance of integrating Bloch surface waves with atomic hot vapor for developing next-generation miniaturized optical devices, which can lead to breakthroughs in precision metrology, high-resolution spectroscopy, and quantum technologies.

原子-光相互作用平台的小型化对于推进现代光学技术至关重要，能够在传感、通信和量子信息处理方面取得重大进展。本文对一维24层原子热蒸汽光子晶体中布洛赫表面波（BSWs）在69°共振角下的耦合进行了理论研究，重点研究了原子结构。这些表面波以其强场约束和对环境变化的高灵敏度而闻名，这为在小尺度上增强光-物质相互作用提供了一条有希望的途径。我们的发现强调了布洛赫表面波增强和控制局域态密度（LDOS）的潜力，从而提高了原子跃迁线的分辨率。值得注意的是，我们的模拟表明，与等离子体模式相比，bsw实现了更高的分辨率，能够实现天然铷蒸气的所有八种超精细状态（85Rb和87Rb D1线的四种）的不同分辨率。这项研究强调了将布洛赫表面波与原子热蒸汽相结合对于开发下一代小型化光学器件的重要性，这将导致精密计量、高分辨率光谱学和量子技术的突破。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous excitation and directional emission enhancements of upconversion fluorescence enabled by optical Tamm plasmon in hybrid structure with metal-photonic crystal and grating 金属光子晶体与光栅混合结构中Tamm等离激元的上转换荧光同步激发和定向发射增强

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101428

Wenyuan Zhang , Xin Liu , Yuan Tian , Mingda Zhang , Binzhao Cao , Yibiao Yang , Hongming Fei , Fei Sun , Yichao Liu , Zhihui Chen

Metal-dielectric hybrid structures have become ideal platforms for enhancing fluorescence emission due to their ability to support strong resonances. This study presents a dual-resonance Tamm plasmon (TP) configuration integrating a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with precisely optimized metallic gratings. By utilizing the synergistic COBYLA (Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximations) algorithm, this design achieves comprehensive far-field enhancement of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) fluorescence through synergistic excitation and emission manipulation. By exciting the optical Tamm mode within the structure, the hybrid structure successfully forms a strong localized electromagnetic field, benefiting excited-state absorption (ESA) with angle-insensitive excitation enhancement for both TE and TM polarizations. The far-field fluorescence emission enhancement was achieved for two different orientations of UCNPs. Notably, the maximum overall far-field enhancement factor reaches 1.04× 10⁵-folds for x-orientation UCNPs, taking into account the effects of relaxation during the excitation process. Additionally, the results indicate that introducing the grating into the TP structure leads to an angular FWHM of 18.7°, which plays a crucial role in confining far-field radiation and enhancing fluorescence collection efficiency, thereby promoting highly directional emission. This TP-based platform demonstrates exceptional stability and multi-modal enhancement capability, holding substantial promise for advanced photonic applications including single-molecule biosensing, upconversion lighting, and other photon-based technologies that require high stability and substantial enhancement.

金属-介电杂化结构由于其支持强共振的能力而成为增强荧光发射的理想平台。本文提出了一种将一维光子晶体（1DPC）与精确优化的金属光栅集成在一起的双共振Tamm等离子体激元（TP）结构。本设计利用协同COBYLA （Constrained Optimization By Linear Approximations）算法，通过协同激发和发射操作，实现了上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）荧光的全面远场增强。通过激发结构内部的光学Tamm模式，混合结构成功地形成了强大的局域电磁场，有利于TE和TM极化的激发态吸收（ESA）和角度不敏感的激发增强。两种不同取向的UCNPs均实现了远场荧光发射增强。值得注意的是，考虑到激发过程中的弛豫影响，x取向UCNPs的最大总远场增强因子达到1.04× 105倍。此外，结果表明，在TP结构中引入光栅后，其角频宽为18.7°，对限制远场辐射和提高荧光收集效率起着至关重要的作用，从而促进了高定向发射。这个基于tp的平台展示了卓越的稳定性和多模态增强能力，为先进的光子应用带来了巨大的希望，包括单分子生物传感、上转换照明和其他需要高稳定性和大量增强的光子技术。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-compact ferrofluid infiltrated magnetic field sensor utilizing microring resonator in silicon-on-insulator platform 基于硅绝缘体微环谐振器的超紧凑铁磁流体渗透磁场传感器

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101424

Madhupriya Ganesh , Nagarajan Nallusamy , R. Vasantha Jayakantha Raja , N. Arzate-Plata , Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan , Rakesh Kumar Karn

In this paper, we aim to propose a compact high Q-factor magnetic field sensor which is CMOS compatible. Hence, we have proposed a novel micro-ring resonator (MRR) design using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform where a magnetic ferrofluid is filled in the slot cavity. First, we initiated the design of slotted MRR for maximal light confinement by tuning the dimensions of rail widths, height, and slot width. After optimization, the rail width of 250 nm and the slot width of 100 nm with a height of 220 nm are reported to have a maximal confinement factor, forming the base design of the proposed magnetic field sensor. The application of an external magnetic field to the slotted MRR device with a ring radius of

50 μ m

resulted in a considerable change in the effective index, leading to significant variations in phase and transmission characteristics. A sensitivity of 5.399 pm/Oe is observed through consecutive dips in the transmission characteristics for the proposed model. To design an efficient magnetic sensor, the qualitative analysis, namely the quality factor (Q-factor) and extinction ratio (ER) are optimized by using rail widths and slot width. The reported results infer that the dimension of rail widths of 250 nm and slot width of 125 nm offer a high Q-factor of approximately 6.5

\times

10⁴ with an ER of 37 dB. The results pave the way for further advancements in integrated photonics and magnetic field manipulation.

在本文中，我们的目标是提出一个紧凑的高q因子的磁场传感器，是CMOS兼容。因此，我们提出了一种新型的微环谐振器（MRR）设计，使用绝缘体上硅（SOI）平台，在槽腔中填充磁性铁磁流体。首先，我们开始设计开槽MRR，通过调整轨道宽度、高度和开槽宽度的尺寸来实现最大的光约束。优化后，轨道宽度为250 nm，槽宽度为100 nm，高度为220 nm，具有最大的约束因子，形成了所提出的磁场传感器的基本设计。环形半径为50μm的开槽MRR器件在外加磁场作用下，有效指数发生较大变化，导致相位和传输特性发生显著变化。通过对所提出模型的传输特性的连续下降，观察到5.399 pm/Oe的灵敏度。为了设计一种高效的磁传感器，利用轨宽和槽宽优化定性分析，即质量因子（q因子）和消光比（ER）。结果表明，轨宽为250 nm和槽宽为125 nm的尺寸可提供约6.5 × 104的高q因子，ER为37 dB。这一结果为集成光子学和磁场操纵的进一步发展铺平了道路。

{"title":"Ultra-compact ferrofluid infiltrated magnetic field sensor utilizing microring resonator in silicon-on-insulator platform","authors":"Madhupriya Ganesh , Nagarajan Nallusamy , R. Vasantha Jayakantha Raja , N. Arzate-Plata , Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan , Rakesh Kumar Karn","doi":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we aim to propose a compact high Q-factor magnetic field sensor which is CMOS compatible. Hence, we have proposed a novel micro-ring resonator (MRR) design using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform where a magnetic ferrofluid is filled in the slot cavity. First, we initiated the design of slotted MRR for maximal light confinement by tuning the dimensions of rail widths, height, and slot width. After optimization, the rail width of 250 nm and the slot width of 100 nm with a height of 220 nm are reported to have a maximal confinement factor, forming the base design of the proposed magnetic field sensor. The application of an external magnetic field to the slotted MRR device with a ring radius of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> resulted in a considerable change in the effective index, leading to significant variations in phase and transmission characteristics. A sensitivity of 5.399 pm/Oe is observed through consecutive dips in the transmission characteristics for the proposed model. To design an efficient magnetic sensor, the qualitative analysis, namely the quality factor (Q-factor) and extinction ratio (ER) are optimized by using rail widths and slot width. The reported results infer that the dimension of rail widths of 250 nm and slot width of 125 nm offer a high Q-factor of approximately 6.5 <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> 10<sup>4</sup> with an ER of 37 dB. The results pave the way for further advancements in integrated photonics and magnetic field manipulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49699,"journal":{"name":"Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 101424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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