Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications最新文献_第5页

Low-temperature chemical synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles for optical power limiting applications 用于光功率限制应用的银纳米粒子的低温化学合成和稳定

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101434

Shradha Lakhera , Vivek Dhuliya , Meenakshi Rana , L.P. Purohit

Chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using a chemical reduction method and its optical limiting activity is discussed in this article. The prepared AgNPs were tested under laser light and showed a clear path of the laser light indicating the dispersion of the laser beam via the nano-range particles. The morphological and energy dispersive spectra indicated the availability of AgNPs with a particle size of 3–13 nm. The absorption spectra of the prepared AgNPs stabilized by polyvinyl pyrrolidine confirmed that the AgNPs with 0.5 ml polyvinyl pyrrolidine were the most stable. The prepared AgNPs were stable for up to 60 days. The band gap of the prepared AgNPs was confirmed as 2.4 eV. The Fourier-transform Infrared spectra confirmed the stretching vibrations of the CO and O-H bonds. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images confirms the formation of AgNPs and the elemental composition confirmed that the prepared AgNPs has a weight percentage of 24 % Ag atoms. Tunneling electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the average particle size of AgNPs was 9 nm. The diffraction pattern obtained indicates the Face-centered cubic crystal structure of the AgNPs. In the Z-scan experiment, a valley-like pattern with a minimum at the origin was observed for the normalized transmittance versus distance (Z(mm)). The optical limiting pattern decreases the transmittance with increasing input intensity. The results reproduced by Z-scan analysis shows the optical limiting characteristics of the prepared AgNPs which can be employed for the fabrication of laser safety devices.

采用化学还原法制备了银纳米粒子，并对其光学极限活性进行了讨论。制备的AgNPs在激光下进行了测试，显示出清晰的激光路径，表明激光束通过纳米级颗粒的色散。形态和能量色散谱表明，AgNPs的粒径为3-13 nm。聚乙烯醇吡咯烷稳定AgNPs的吸收光谱证实，加入0.5 ml聚乙烯醇吡咯烷的AgNPs最稳定。制备的AgNPs在60天内保持稳定。所得AgNPs的带隙为2.4 eV。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了CO和O-H键的伸缩振动。场发射扫描电镜图像证实了AgNPs的形成，元素组成证实制备的AgNPs具有24% % Ag原子的重量百分比。隧道电镜分析证实，AgNPs的平均粒径为9 nm。衍射图显示了AgNPs的面心立方晶体结构。在Z扫描实验中，观察到归一化透射率随距离（Z(mm)）在原点处具有最小值的谷状图案。光学限制图案随着输入强度的增加而降低透光率。z扫描分析结果表明，制备的AgNPs具有良好的光学限制特性，可用于激光安全器件的制备。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive modulation of femtosecond laser multi-beams based on hologram design and feedback loop 基于全息图设计和反馈回路的飞秒激光多光束自适应调制

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101433

Yuhan Gu , Yanping Yuan , Yinyin Qiao , Wenbo Wang

Femtosecond lasers demonstrate unique advantages in micro/nano processing and are widely used in precision manufacturing. However, the inherent Gaussian intensity distribution of single-beam fundamentally limits processing efficiency, while multi-beam approaches suffer from energy non-uniformity due to phase distortions and optical aberrations. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi-beam energy uniformity enhancement method based on hologram design (by optimizing the weighting of superimposed holograms) and real-time feedback loop (dynamically correcting the impact of light source deformation and hardware defects on beam quality). Experimental findings clearly show the proposed approach successfully accomplishes uniform four-beam modulation, enabling a four-times increase in processing speed. When only the proposed hologram design method is used, the uniformity factor of four beam is 0.831, and the standard deviation of the intensity ratio of four beams is 2.3 %. When the hologram design is combined with the correction of the feedback loop, the uniformity factor increases to 0.965 and the standard deviation is reduced to 0.4 %. In actual processing, the uniformity of the ablation width reaches 6.10 ± 0.426 μm. The proposed method can both improve the processing efficiency and enhance the processing quality, which provides a new technological approach for the application of femtosecond laser processing.

飞秒激光器在微纳加工中具有独特的优势，在精密制造中得到了广泛的应用。然而，单光束固有的高斯强度分布从根本上限制了处理效率，而多光束方法由于相位畸变和光学像差而存在能量不均匀性。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种基于全息图设计（通过优化叠加全息图的权重）和实时反馈回路（动态纠正光源变形和硬件缺陷对光束质量的影响）的多光束能量均匀性增强方法。实验结果清楚地表明，该方法成功地实现了均匀的四波束调制，使处理速度提高了四倍。仅采用本文提出的全息图设计方法时，四束光的均匀度系数为0.831，四束光强比的标准差为2.3 %。当全息图设计与反馈回路校正相结合时，均匀系数提高到0.965，标准差降低到0.4 %。在实际加工中，烧蚀宽度均匀性达到6.10 ± 0.426 μm。该方法既提高了加工效率，又提高了加工质量，为飞秒激光加工的应用提供了新的技术途径。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular structure, linear, and third-order nonlinear optical treatment of GO@ZnFe2O4/TMSP/CdTe QDs nanocomposite: Preparation and characterization GO@ZnFe2O4/TMSP/CdTe量子点纳米复合材料的分子结构、线性和三阶非线性光学处理：制备和表征

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101431

Ahad Amiri , Hakime Zare , Yousef Fazaeli , Zahra Dehghani , Mohammad Eslami-Kalantari

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel GO@ZnFe₂O₄/TMSP/CdTe nanocomposite with enhanced third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a solvothermal method and structurally characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of the composite phases with good crystallinity, while FTIR spectra revealed strong chemical bonding between the constituents. FESEM images showed a uniform morphology and intimate contact among the components. Magnetic measurements indicated a superparamagnetic behavior with moderate saturation magnetization, confirming the preservation of ZnFe₂O₄ magnetic properties within the hybrid structure. The complex dielectric function was derived using Kramers–Kronig (KK) analysis of FTIR reflectance spectra, revealing prominent LO and TO phonon modes. NLO measurements were performed using the continuous-wave (CW) Z-scan technique at 532 nm. The nanocomposite demonstrated reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and a negative nonlinear refractive index (

n_{2}

), with self-defocusing effect. Importantly, the nonlinear coefficients were found to increase with increasing nanocomposite concentration, confirming the role of particle density in enhancing the NLO response. These findings indicate strong light-matter interactions and thermal contributions under CW excitation. Comparative analysis with reported materials shows that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibits competitive NLO performance. The material's multifunctionality and strong optical nonlinearity suggest promising applications in optical limiting, photonic switching, and magneto-optical devices.

本文报道了一种新型的GO@ZnFe₂O₄/TMSP/CdTe纳米复合材料的合成和表征，该复合材料具有增强的三阶非线性光学（NLO）性能。采用溶剂热法合成了纳米复合材料，并利用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、能量色散x射线（EDX）和紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱对其进行了结构表征。XRD分析证实了复合相的成功形成，具有良好的结晶度，而FTIR光谱显示了组分之间的强化学键合。FESEM图像显示各组分形态均匀，接触密切。磁测量表明，在中等饱和磁化强度下具有超顺磁性，证实了ZnFe₂O₄在杂化结构中保留了磁性。利用FTIR反射光谱的KK - kronig （Kramers-Kronig）分析推导出复介电函数，揭示出明显的LO和TO声子模式。NLO测量使用连续波（CW） z扫描技术在532 nm处进行。该纳米复合材料具有反向饱和吸收（RSA）和负非线性折射率（n2），具有自散焦效果。重要的是，非线性系数随着纳米复合材料浓度的增加而增加，证实了粒子密度在增强NLO响应中的作用。这些发现表明，在连续波激发下，光与物质之间存在强烈的相互作用和热贡献。与已有材料的对比分析表明，合成的纳米复合材料具有具有竞争力的NLO性能。该材料的多功能性和强光学非线性在光限制、光子开关和磁光器件方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Quad-port wheel-shaped MIMO patch antenna system deployed at UWB application for 6G terahertz communications 四端口轮形MIMO贴片天线系统部署在UWB应用中，用于6G太赫兹通信

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101430

Ketavath Kumar Naik , Chirukuri Naga Phaneendra , Tathababu Addepalli , Ahmed J.A. Al-Gburi

A quad-port wheel-shaped MIMO patch (QWMP) antenna featuring a circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) slot is proposed for 6G terahertz communication. The radiating elements are configured in a pattern diversity arrangement to enhance diversity performance and minimize mutual coupling. The QWMP antenna is fabricated on Kapton polyimide with overall dimensions of 400 × 400 × 20 µm³ . It exhibits a wide bandwidth (S₁₁ < −10 dB) of 0.94 THz, covering the range from 1.93 THz to 2.87 THz. The QWMP antenna achieves a high gain of 8.12 dBi and 9.41 dBi at 2.00 THz and 2.75 THz, respectively. The values of ECC < 0.001 and DG > 9.995 indicate that the QWMP antenna has excellent diversity performance, making it suitable for high-speed, low-latency 6 G communication systems. The simulated results of key antenna parameters, including radiation patterns, gain, and diversity characteristics, are examined and presented. The proposed antenna demonstrates significant potential for next-generation terahertz communication applications.

提出了一种具有圆形互补裂环谐振器（CSRR）槽的四端口轮式MIMO贴片（QWMP）天线，用于6G太赫兹通信。所述辐射元件被配置成图案分集布置，以增强分集性能并使相互耦合最小化。QWMP天线由Kapton聚酰亚胺制成，整体尺寸为400 × 400 × 20 µm³ 。它具有宽带宽(S₁₁<；−10 dB) 0.94 太赫兹，覆盖范围从1.93 太赫兹到2.87 太赫兹。QWMP天线在2.00 太赫兹和2.75 太赫兹下分别实现了8.12 dBi和9.41 dBi的高增益。ECC <； 0.001和DG >； 9.995的值表明，QWMP天线具有优异的分集性能，适用于高速、低延迟的6 G通信系统。对天线的辐射方向图、增益和分集特性等关键参数进行了仿真分析。所提出的天线显示了下一代太赫兹通信应用的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the interaction between bloch surface waves and atomic hot vapor: a theoretical perspective 探索斑点表面波与原子热蒸汽之间的相互作用：一个理论视角

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101429

A. Sohrabi, M. Asadolah Salmanpour, M. Mosleh, S.M. Hamidi

The miniaturization of atom-light interaction platforms is crucial for advancing modern optical technologies, enabling significant improvements in sensing, communication, and quantum information processing. In this paper, we present a theoretical investigation into the coupling of Bloch surface waves (BSWs) at the resonance angle of 69° in a one-dimensional 24-layered photonic crystals with atomic hot vapor with a focus on atomic structures. These surface waves are known for their strong field confinement and high sensitivity to environmental changes which offer a promising avenue for enhancing light-matter interactions at reduced scales. Our findings highlight the potential of Bloch surface waves to enhance and control the localized density of states (LDOS), thereby improving the resolution of atomic transition lines. Notably, our simulations demonstrate that BSWs achieve superior resolution compared to plasmonic modes, enabling the distinct resolution of all eight hyperfine states of natural rubidium vapor (four for ⁸⁵Rb and four for ⁸⁷Rb D₁ line). This study underscores the importance of integrating Bloch surface waves with atomic hot vapor for developing next-generation miniaturized optical devices, which can lead to breakthroughs in precision metrology, high-resolution spectroscopy, and quantum technologies.

原子-光相互作用平台的小型化对于推进现代光学技术至关重要，能够在传感、通信和量子信息处理方面取得重大进展。本文对一维24层原子热蒸汽光子晶体中布洛赫表面波（BSWs）在69°共振角下的耦合进行了理论研究，重点研究了原子结构。这些表面波以其强场约束和对环境变化的高灵敏度而闻名，这为在小尺度上增强光-物质相互作用提供了一条有希望的途径。我们的发现强调了布洛赫表面波增强和控制局域态密度（LDOS）的潜力，从而提高了原子跃迁线的分辨率。值得注意的是，我们的模拟表明，与等离子体模式相比，bsw实现了更高的分辨率，能够实现天然铷蒸气的所有八种超精细状态（85Rb和87Rb D1线的四种）的不同分辨率。这项研究强调了将布洛赫表面波与原子热蒸汽相结合对于开发下一代小型化光学器件的重要性，这将导致精密计量、高分辨率光谱学和量子技术的突破。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous excitation and directional emission enhancements of upconversion fluorescence enabled by optical Tamm plasmon in hybrid structure with metal-photonic crystal and grating 金属光子晶体与光栅混合结构中Tamm等离激元的上转换荧光同步激发和定向发射增强

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101428

Wenyuan Zhang , Xin Liu , Yuan Tian , Mingda Zhang , Binzhao Cao , Yibiao Yang , Hongming Fei , Fei Sun , Yichao Liu , Zhihui Chen

Metal-dielectric hybrid structures have become ideal platforms for enhancing fluorescence emission due to their ability to support strong resonances. This study presents a dual-resonance Tamm plasmon (TP) configuration integrating a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) with precisely optimized metallic gratings. By utilizing the synergistic COBYLA (Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximations) algorithm, this design achieves comprehensive far-field enhancement of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) fluorescence through synergistic excitation and emission manipulation. By exciting the optical Tamm mode within the structure, the hybrid structure successfully forms a strong localized electromagnetic field, benefiting excited-state absorption (ESA) with angle-insensitive excitation enhancement for both TE and TM polarizations. The far-field fluorescence emission enhancement was achieved for two different orientations of UCNPs. Notably, the maximum overall far-field enhancement factor reaches 1.04× 10⁵-folds for x-orientation UCNPs, taking into account the effects of relaxation during the excitation process. Additionally, the results indicate that introducing the grating into the TP structure leads to an angular FWHM of 18.7°, which plays a crucial role in confining far-field radiation and enhancing fluorescence collection efficiency, thereby promoting highly directional emission. This TP-based platform demonstrates exceptional stability and multi-modal enhancement capability, holding substantial promise for advanced photonic applications including single-molecule biosensing, upconversion lighting, and other photon-based technologies that require high stability and substantial enhancement.

金属-介电杂化结构由于其支持强共振的能力而成为增强荧光发射的理想平台。本文提出了一种将一维光子晶体（1DPC）与精确优化的金属光栅集成在一起的双共振Tamm等离子体激元（TP）结构。本设计利用协同COBYLA （Constrained Optimization By Linear Approximations）算法，通过协同激发和发射操作，实现了上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）荧光的全面远场增强。通过激发结构内部的光学Tamm模式，混合结构成功地形成了强大的局域电磁场，有利于TE和TM极化的激发态吸收（ESA）和角度不敏感的激发增强。两种不同取向的UCNPs均实现了远场荧光发射增强。值得注意的是，考虑到激发过程中的弛豫影响，x取向UCNPs的最大总远场增强因子达到1.04× 105倍。此外，结果表明，在TP结构中引入光栅后，其角频宽为18.7°，对限制远场辐射和提高荧光收集效率起着至关重要的作用，从而促进了高定向发射。这个基于tp的平台展示了卓越的稳定性和多模态增强能力，为先进的光子应用带来了巨大的希望，包括单分子生物传感、上转换照明和其他需要高稳定性和大量增强的光子技术。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-compact ferrofluid infiltrated magnetic field sensor utilizing microring resonator in silicon-on-insulator platform 基于硅绝缘体微环谐振器的超紧凑铁磁流体渗透磁场传感器

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101424

Madhupriya Ganesh , Nagarajan Nallusamy , R. Vasantha Jayakantha Raja , N. Arzate-Plata , Krishnamoorthy Pandiyan , Rakesh Kumar Karn

In this paper, we aim to propose a compact high Q-factor magnetic field sensor which is CMOS compatible. Hence, we have proposed a novel micro-ring resonator (MRR) design using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform where a magnetic ferrofluid is filled in the slot cavity. First, we initiated the design of slotted MRR for maximal light confinement by tuning the dimensions of rail widths, height, and slot width. After optimization, the rail width of 250 nm and the slot width of 100 nm with a height of 220 nm are reported to have a maximal confinement factor, forming the base design of the proposed magnetic field sensor. The application of an external magnetic field to the slotted MRR device with a ring radius of

50 μ m

resulted in a considerable change in the effective index, leading to significant variations in phase and transmission characteristics. A sensitivity of 5.399 pm/Oe is observed through consecutive dips in the transmission characteristics for the proposed model. To design an efficient magnetic sensor, the qualitative analysis, namely the quality factor (Q-factor) and extinction ratio (ER) are optimized by using rail widths and slot width. The reported results infer that the dimension of rail widths of 250 nm and slot width of 125 nm offer a high Q-factor of approximately 6.5

\times

10⁴ with an ER of 37 dB. The results pave the way for further advancements in integrated photonics and magnetic field manipulation.

在本文中，我们的目标是提出一个紧凑的高q因子的磁场传感器，是CMOS兼容。因此，我们提出了一种新型的微环谐振器（MRR）设计，使用绝缘体上硅（SOI）平台，在槽腔中填充磁性铁磁流体。首先，我们开始设计开槽MRR，通过调整轨道宽度、高度和开槽宽度的尺寸来实现最大的光约束。优化后，轨道宽度为250 nm，槽宽度为100 nm，高度为220 nm，具有最大的约束因子，形成了所提出的磁场传感器的基本设计。环形半径为50μm的开槽MRR器件在外加磁场作用下，有效指数发生较大变化，导致相位和传输特性发生显著变化。通过对所提出模型的传输特性的连续下降，观察到5.399 pm/Oe的灵敏度。为了设计一种高效的磁传感器，利用轨宽和槽宽优化定性分析，即质量因子（q因子）和消光比（ER）。结果表明，轨宽为250 nm和槽宽为125 nm的尺寸可提供约6.5 × 104的高q因子，ER为37 dB。这一结果为集成光子学和磁场操纵的进一步发展铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the potential of non-toxic Ge based perovskite material for all inorganic solar cells using multiple ETLs 揭示了无毒的Ge基钙钛矿材料在使用多个etl的所有无机太阳能电池中的潜力

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101425

Fozlur Rayhan , Md Hamidur Rahman , Sohel Rana , Dipika Das Ria , Jannati Islam Chy , Md Shakib Hosen , Tanzir Ahamed , Jerry Sarpong , Kelly Yegbe , Md Shihab Uddin

This study optimizes all-inorganic Pb-free CsGeI₃-based perovskite solar cells. CsGeI₃ forms four structures with four electron transport layers (ZnOS, BaSnO₃, PC₆₁BM, and ZnSe) and one hole transport layer of Copper Tin Ferrite Sulfide (CFTS). The thickness of the absorber layer is optimized by assessing the effects of the electron transport layer and hole transport layer thicknesses, along with the acceptor and defect densities in the absorbers, donor and defect densities in the electron transport layers, and acceptor and defect densities in the hole transport layers. After optimization, the FTO/ZnOS/CsGeI₃/CFTS/Au configuration achieved optimal performance with a V_OC of 1.07 V, J_SC of 24.39 mA/cm², FF of 82.49 % and efficiency of 21.72 %. The influences of series and shunt resistance, temperature, voltage-current density, quantum efficiency, and generation and recombination rates are examined to determine structural stability. This study aims to improve understanding of CsGeI₃-based perovskite solar cell’s experimental research potential.

本研究优化了全无机无铅csgei3基钙钛矿太阳能电池。CsGeI3形成4个电子传输层（ZnOS、BaSnO3、PC61BM和ZnSe）和1个铜锡铁酸硫（CFTS）空穴传输层的4种结构。通过评估电子传输层和空穴传输层厚度的影响，以及吸收层中的受体和缺陷密度、电子传输层中的供体和缺陷密度以及空穴传输层中的受体和缺陷密度来优化吸收层的厚度。优化后，FTO/ZnOS/CsGeI3/CFTS/Au结构的VOC为1.07 V， JSC为24.39 mA/cm²，FF为82.49 %，效率为21.72 %，达到了最佳性能。测试了串联和并联电阻、温度、电压电流密度、量子效率以及产生和重组速率的影响，以确定结构的稳定性。本研究旨在提高对csgei3基钙钛矿太阳能电池实验研究潜力的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Inter-mode backward stimulated Brillouin scattering in lithium niobate core fiber 铌酸锂芯光纤中的模间反向受激布里渊散射

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101426

Yafei Hou , Wenjun He , Songquan Yan , Zepeng Wu , Yi Liu , Yajun You , Jian He , Xiujian Chou

Brillouin sensing in multimode optical fibre enables the simultaneous modal transmission of multiple modulus, such as temperature and strain, and helps to promote the development of simultaneous multi-property sensing techniques. Among these, intermodal backward Brillouin scattering induced by higher order modes (HOMs) is of great importance for understanding the phonon-photon interaction in multimode fibre. In addition, lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) materials have potential applications in sensing due to their excellent electro-optical properties, which are expected to provide higher sensitivity and accuracy. In this paper, the inter-mode BSBS induced by higher order optical modes in micron scale LiNbO₃ optical fibre is investigated. The inter-mode excited Brillouin scattering characteristics of the first 10 LP modes in the fibre are simulated and analysed by finite element simulation. During backward Brillouin scattering, several longitudinal acoustic modes (LAMs) are excited. However, only a few specific low-order LAMs are involved in the interaction between different optical mode pairs, resulting in Brillouin amplification. In this paper, we elucidate the differences in the gain characteristics of the Brillouin gain spectra between different modes and reveal the acoustic mode law that contributes most to the BGS in the inter-mode BSBS. The results show that both the effective refractive index (2.1847–2.2072) and the Brillouin scattering frequency shift (20.6–20.9 GHz) decrease with the increase of mode order in this structure. And the Brillouin gain reaches 0.4244 m⁻¹·W⁻¹, which is a significant improvement compared with the conventional SiO₂ fiber, predicting the improvement of sensitivity in sensing.

多模光纤布里渊传感实现了温度、应变等多模量的同时模态传输，有助于促进多特性传感技术的发展。其中，高阶模（HOMs）诱导的多模后向布里渊散射对于理解多模光纤中声子-光子相互作用具有重要意义。此外，铌酸锂（LiNbO3）材料由于其优异的电光性能，有望提供更高的灵敏度和精度，在传感领域具有潜在的应用前景。本文研究了高阶光模在微米尺度LiNbO3光纤中诱导的模间BSBS。采用有限元方法模拟分析了光纤中前10个LP模间激发布里渊散射特性。在后向布里渊散射过程中，多个纵向声模被激发。然而，只有少数特定的低阶lam参与不同光模对之间的相互作用，导致布里渊放大。本文阐述了不同模式下布里渊增益谱增益特性的差异，揭示了在模间BSBS中对BGS贡献最大的声模规律。结果表明，该结构的有效折射率（2.1847 ~ 2.2072）和布里渊散射频移（20.6 ~ 20.9 GHz）随模阶的增加而减小。布里渊增益达到0.4244 m−1·W−1，与传统SiO2光纤相比有显著提高，预示着传感灵敏度的提高。

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引用次数: 0

Research on light absorption efficiency of P3HT:PCBM-based solar cells improved by triple grating structure 三光栅结构提高P3HT: pcbm基太阳能电池光吸收效率的研究

IF 2.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2025.101380

Ruijie Xie , Aodi Shi , Fanghao Shui , Hengdi Wang , Xiaokang Yang

In this paper, a novel triple-layer grating structure is proposed to improve light absorption efficiency of P3HT:PCBM-based solar cell. The periodic Ag grating is fabricated at bottom of P3HT:PCBM photosensitive layer and Ag electrode to excite surface plasmons (SPs). The excited SPs can greatly enhance electromagnetic field intensity around Ag grating, which can improve chance and efficiency of interaction between photons and photosensitive layer, and enhance light absorption efficiency of solar cell. The periodic indium tin oxide (ITO) grating and PEDOT:PSS grating is fabricated by etching rectangular grooves on top of ITO layer and depositing PEDOT:PSS layer. The light-trapping effect generated by grating allows light to be reflected and refracted multiple times inside solar cell, which can further increase chance of interaction between photons and photosensitive layer, and enhance light absorption efficiency of solar cell. The COMSOL software is used to simulate and optimize parameters of the novel structure. The light reflectivity, light transmissivity and metal absorption loss of photons at different structural parameters are obtained, and the light absorption efficiency is calculated. The simulation results show that light absorption efficiency of the novel structure is almost above 90 % at wavelength range of 400–500 nm in TM mode and almost above 90 % at wavelength range of 450–500 nm in TE mode. This research provides a reliable foundation for development of the novel P3HT:PCBM-based solar cell with high light absorption efficiency.

为了提高P3HT: pcbm太阳能电池的光吸收效率，提出了一种新型的三层光栅结构。在P3HT:PCBM光敏层底部和Ag电极处制作了周期Ag光栅，以激发表面等离子体。激发的SPs能大大增强Ag光栅周围的电磁场强度，提高光子与光敏层相互作用的机会和效率，提高太阳能电池的光吸收效率。通过在ITO层顶部蚀刻矩形凹槽，沉积PEDOT:PSS层，制备了周期性氧化铟锡（ITO）光栅和PEDOT:PSS光栅。光栅产生的捕光效应使光在太阳能电池内部被多次反射和折射，进一步增加了光子与光敏层相互作用的机会，提高了太阳能电池的光吸收效率。利用COMSOL软件对新型结构进行了仿真和参数优化。得到了不同结构参数下光子的反射率、透过率和金属吸收损失，并计算了光吸收效率。仿真结果表明，在TM模式下，该结构在400 ~ 500 nm波长范围内的光吸收效率几乎在90 %以上，在TE模式下，在450 ~ 500 nm波长范围内的光吸收效率几乎在90 %以上。该研究为开发新型高光吸收效率的P3HT: pcbm太阳能电池提供了可靠的基础。

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