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Reverse design of multifunctional cascade devices based on the adjoint method 基于邻接法的多功能级联器件逆向设计
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101275
Zhibin Wang, Zhengyang Li, Xuwei Hou, Jiutian Zhang

In this paper, a 1×4 ultra-compact wavelength division multiplexing cascaded device(DMC) with an arbitrary splitting ratio based on adjoint topology optimization reverse design is proposed, which is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional waveguide devices. It can simultaneously perform wavelength demultiplexing, mode conversion, and arbitrary ratio power splitting. The DMC separates 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths, converts the input light from fundamental transverse mode (TE0) to first-order transverse mode (TE1) and second-order transverse modes (TE2), and performs arbitrarily proportional power splitting of the converted higher-order light source.

本文提出了一种基于邻接拓扑优化反向设计的具有任意分光比的 1×4 超紧凑型波分复用级联器件(DMC),其体积比传统波导器件小约两个数量级。它可以同时完成波长解复用、模式转换和任意比例功率分路。DMC 可分离 1310 nm 和 1550 nm 波长,将输入光从基波横向模式(TE0)转换为一阶横向模式(TE1)和二阶横向模式(TE2),并对转换后的高阶光源进行任意比例功率分配。
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引用次数: 0
Tunability of the nonlinear optical absorption in a GaAs/Ga0.7 Al0.3 As spherical quantum dots under external factors GaAs/Ga Al As 球形量子点的非线性光吸收在外部因素下的可调谐性
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101277
Ceng Chang, Xuechao Li, Yawen Cai, Xiaolong Yan, Xing Wang

We theoretically studied the linear, third-order nonlinear and total optical absorption coefficient changes of a typical GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dot system under the influence of hydrostatic pressure and temperature. The influence of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the system is treated within the framework of effective mass. In this method, the relative changes of linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients are obtained by using density matrix method and iterative method. In addition, we also reveal the mechanism of the influence of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the nonlinear optical properties, which is of great significance for us to better understand the causes. We have shown that hydrostatic pressure and temperature change the effective mass, resulting in significant changes in the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the system. In addition, we also reveal the mechanism of the influence of effective mass on the nonlinear optical properties, which is of great significance for us to better understand the causes.

我们从理论上研究了典型的 GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As 量子点体系在静水压力和温度影响下的线性、三阶非线性和全光吸收系数变化。静水压力和温度对系统的影响是在有效质量的框架下处理的。在此方法中,利用密度矩阵法和迭代法得到了线性和非线性吸收系数的相对变化。此外,我们还揭示了静水压力和温度对非线性光学特性的影响机理,这对我们更好地理解其成因具有重要意义。我们证明了静水压力和温度会改变有效质量,从而导致系统的线性和非线性光学特性发生显著变化。此外,我们还揭示了有效质量对非线性光学特性的影响机理,这对我们更好地理解其成因具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Mid-IR supercontinuum generation in a silicon nitride loaded lithium niobate on sapphire waveguide 在蓝宝石波导上的氮化硅负载铌酸锂中产生中红外超连续真空
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101274
Kokou Firmin Fiaboe , Marina Raevskaia , Marko Perestjuk , Alberto Della-Torre , Thach Nguyen , Arnan Mitchell , Christelle Monat , Christian Grillet

In spectroscopy, having access to a wide range of wavelengths within the mid-infrared region is crucial for conducting thorough and versatile analyses. In our research, we successfully demonstrate numerically the generation of supercontinuum within a waveguide made of silicon nitride loaded onto lithium niobate on a sapphire substrate, with a specific focus on the mid-infrared wavelength range. By implementing effective lateral leakage and dispersion engineering techniques, we have significantly broadened our system’s spectral range, covering wavelengths from the near-infrared (near-IR) to the mid-infrared (mid-IR) regions. Our results indicate that when a silicon nitride-loaded lithium niobate waveguide is excited with a commercially available femtosecond fiber laser pump at 2070 nm, it has the capability to produce a supercontinuum that spans more than one octave within the mid-infrared wavelength range.

在光谱学中,获得中红外区域内的各种波长对于进行全面和多功能分析至关重要。在我们的研究中,我们成功地在蓝宝石衬底上加载铌酸锂的氮化硅波导内数值演示了超连续光的产生,重点是中红外波长范围。通过采用有效的横向泄漏和色散工程技术,我们极大地拓宽了系统的光谱范围,涵盖了从近红外(近红外)到中红外(中红外)区域的波长。我们的研究结果表明,当氮化硅负载的铌酸锂波导在 2070 nm 波长处受到市售飞秒光纤激光器泵浦的激励时,它能够在中红外波长范围内产生跨度超过一个倍频程的超连续。
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引用次数: 0
A semianalytically synthesized ultrathin photolithographic metagrating for sub-THz beam splitting 用于亚千赫光束分束的半解析合成超薄光刻元镜
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101276
M.A. Tumashov , Y. Yashno , S.A. Kuznetsov , P.A. Lazorskiy , A. Epstein , S.B. Glybovski

Compact and efficient devices for radiation beam manipulation are in increasing demand by terahertz technologies. Herein, we introduce an ultrathin metal-polymer photolithographic metagrating operating as a transmissive beam splitter with a wide refraction angle of 58 at sub-THz frequencies. Harnessing this recently proposed complex media platform, composed of sparse periodic arrays of meta-atoms, constraints of conventional metasurfaces with densely packed unit cells can be alleviated. The devised splitter, synthesized semianalytically and demonstrated experimentally, features deeply subwavelength thickness due to the unique manufacturing process employed, serving as a promising alternative to thick waveguide-based metagratings previously reported for this frequency range.

太赫兹技术对紧凑高效的辐射光束操纵设备的需求与日俱增。在这里,我们介绍了一种超薄金属聚合物光刻元原子,它可作为透射式分束器使用,在亚太赫兹频率下具有 58∘ 的宽折射角。利用这种最近提出的由元原子稀疏周期性阵列组成的复杂介质平台,可以减轻传统元表面密集单元的限制。由于采用了独特的制造工艺,设计出的分路器以半解析合成和实验演示为特征,具有深度亚波长厚度,有望替代之前报道的用于该频率范围的厚波导元表面。
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引用次数: 0
Two-peak envelope spectrum of a subwavelength grating microring resonator for wide-range and high-sensitivity refractive index sensing 用于大范围高灵敏度折射率传感的亚波长光栅微光谐振器的双峰包络谱
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101273
Shibo Sun, Meiyu Chang, Mei Kong, Yameng Xu

The detectable range and sensitivity play a key role in the accuracy and range of applications available for lab-on-a-chip sensing systems. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate an on-chip refractive index sensor simultaneously possessing wide detectable range and high sensitivity through monitoring the two-peak envelope spectrum of a subwavelength grating microring resonator. The principle lies in the combination of the envelope spectrum tracking scheme and the light field releasing in subwavelength grating waveguides. The structure of the subwavelength grating microring resonator is designed to adjust the wavelength dependence of its critical coupling condition, so that the two-peak envelope spectrum can be formed and centered at critically coupled wavelengths. By probing the drift of the two-peak envelope spectrum within the C+L band (1530–1625 nm), we lift the free spectral range constraint on the detectable range and broaden it up to 0.46 RIU. Meanwhile, a sensitivity of 444 nm/RIU is achieved. This investigation provides an attractive candidate for high performance integrated sensors, and thus may pave the way for lab-on-chip sensing, especially in application scenarios demanding both wide detectable range and high sensitivity.

可探测范围和灵敏度对片上实验室传感系统的精度和应用范围起着关键作用。在此,我们提出了一种片上折射率传感器,通过监测亚波长光栅微孔谐振器的双峰包络谱,同时拥有宽检测范围和高灵敏度,并对其进行了数值演示。其原理在于将包络谱跟踪方案与亚波长光栅波导中的光场释放相结合。亚波长光栅微光谐振器的结构设计可以调整其临界耦合条件的波长依赖性,从而在临界耦合波长上形成双峰包络谱并使其居中。通过探测 C+L 波段(1530-1625 nm)内双峰包络谱的漂移,我们解除了对可探测范围的自由光谱范围限制,并将其扩大到 0.46 RIU。同时,灵敏度也达到了 444 nm/RIU。这项研究为高性能集成传感器提供了一个有吸引力的候选方案,从而为实验室芯片传感铺平了道路,尤其是在要求宽检测范围和高灵敏度的应用场景中。
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引用次数: 0
Application of circuit model for gap-plasmon nanodisk resonators 间隙-等离子体纳米盘谐振器电路模型的应用
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101264
M. Dareini , S.R. Ghorbani , H. Arabi , S. Daqiqeh Rezaei

The design of plasmonic metasurfaces is often based on solving the Maxwell electromagnetic equations, which can be a time-consuming and expensive process considering many geometrical parameters that can limit design flexibility. To speed up the design flow, a model based on the classical transmission line theory is presented. The proposed equivalent circuit model can predict the plasmon resonance wavelength based on various geometrical parameters including dielectric thickness and disk diameter. In addition, unlike other reported circuit models, the developed model considers the nanostructure array pitch size, which is crucial in metasurface design. Comparison between the results obtained from circuit model and full wavelength simulation showed that the circuit parameters accurately determine the response of the structure. Finally, as a metasurface design demonstration, we utilized our model to simulate aluminum-based gap-plasmon nanodisk arrays for optimizing their optical response to maximize structural color saturation.

质子元表面的设计通常基于麦克斯韦电磁方程的求解,考虑到可能限制设计灵活性的许多几何参数,这一过程可能既耗时又昂贵。为了加快设计流程,本文提出了一个基于经典传输线理论的模型。所提出的等效电路模型可以根据各种几何参数(包括介质厚度和圆盘直径)预测等离子体共振波长。此外,与其他已报道的电路模型不同,所开发的模型考虑了纳米结构阵列间距尺寸,这在元表面设计中至关重要。电路模型和全波长仿真结果的比较表明,电路参数准确地决定了结构的响应。最后,作为元表面设计演示,我们利用我们的模型模拟了铝基间隙-等离子纳米盘阵列,以优化其光学响应,最大限度地提高结构色彩饱和度。
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引用次数: 0
Wavelength splitting in coupled dissimilar disk resonators with nanoscatterers 带有纳米散射体的耦合异质盘谐振器中的波长分裂
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101263
Varun S.V., Shadak Aee K.

In this work, we present wavelength splitting characteristics of whispering gallery modes in a system where two disks with different refractive indices are coupled together. This study utilizes finite difference time domain based simulations. The spectral changes caused by the presence of nanoparticles are analyzed, taking factors such as the number of nanoparticles, their size and distance from the surface of the disks into account. The investigation also encompasses the interaction of a thin nanolayer. Our findings demonstrate that the wavelength splitting is highly influenced by the specific disk where the nanoparticle or nanolayer is located. This distinct property sets it apart from conventional coupled disks with identical features. A perturbation theory of coupled structures has also been applied to gain insights into the simulation results.

在这项研究中,我们介绍了在两个具有不同折射率的圆盘耦合在一起的系统中,whispering gallery 模式的波长分裂特性。这项研究采用了基于有限差分时域的模拟。考虑到纳米粒子的数量、大小以及与磁盘表面的距离等因素,分析了纳米粒子的存在所引起的光谱变化。研究还包括纳米薄层的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,波长分裂受纳米粒子或纳米层所在的特定圆盘的影响很大。这一独特性质使其有别于具有相同特征的传统耦合盘。我们还应用了耦合结构的扰动理论来深入了解模拟结果。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study on ultra-high sensitivity gold-based SPR sensor for refractive index and temperature measurement 用于测量折射率和温度的超高灵敏度金基 SPR 传感器的实验研究
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101262
Kaifeng Li , Zhiyong Yin , Shuguang Li, Xili Jing

We have experimentally demonstrated an ultra-high sensitivity gold-based fiber refractive index (RI) sensor whose main structure is composed of multimode fiber (MMF) and photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The gold film is deposited on V-shaped PCF by magnetron sputtering, and sensing experiments are performed based on the principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Numerical simulation results indicate that the cladding mode of the V-shaped PCF is more capable of stimulating the SPR effect than the core mode. The experimental results show that the RI measurement range of the sensor is 1.333–1.421, with a maximum sensitivity of 10015 nm/RIU. In addition to RI sensing, sensing probes can be coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a gold film for temperature sensing. For temperature detection, the range is from 10 to 100 °C and the maximum sensitivity is 3.5 nm/℃. Besides high sensitivity in RI measurement, the proposed sensor also has good sensing performance in temperature sensing. With the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, and easy preparation, this sensor has become an important reference in the field of high-performance sensing.

我们通过实验展示了一种超高灵敏度的金基光纤折射率(RI)传感器,其主要结构由多模光纤(MMF)和光子晶体光纤(PCF)组成。金膜通过磁控溅射沉积在 V 型 PCF 上,并基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)原理进行了传感实验。数值模拟结果表明,V 型 PCF 的包层模式比核心模式更能激发 SPR 效应。实验结果表明,传感器的 RI 测量范围为 1.333-1.421,最大灵敏度为 10015 nm/RIU。除了 RI 传感之外,传感探针还可以在金膜上涂覆聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS),用于温度传感。温度检测范围为 10 至 100 ℃,最大灵敏度为 3.5 nm/℃。除了在 RI 测量方面具有高灵敏度外,该传感器在温度传感方面也具有良好的传感性能。该传感器具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、易于制备等优点,在高性能传感领域具有重要的参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
Vertical coupling to photonic crystal waveguide using chiral plasmonic lenses 利用手性等离子透镜实现与光子晶体波导的垂直耦合
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101261
Kaizhu Liu , Yuxiang Yang , Xue Han , Changsen Sun , Chengchao He , Yanhong Li , Hsiang-Chen Chui

Manipulating surface plasmon polariton waves for the development of micro-nano devices has been widely studied in recent years. Two-dimensional artificial photonic crystals have bandstructure characteristics like semiconductors. However, the requirement for light to be incident along the structural periodic direction poses a challenge in coupling light into the photonic crystal, thereby impeding its integrations and applications. In this work, we proposed coupling vertically incident left-circularly polarized light into a photonic crystal waveguide using a chiral plasmonic lens. Linearly-polarized light can also generate surface plasmon polariton waves and couple them into photonic crystal waveguides, but the intensity is lower. In contrast, right-circularly polarized light propagates in the opposite direction and exhibits minimal propagation into the photonic crystal waveguide. The results indicate that the proposed structure can operate broadband within the wavelength range of 620–670 nm. This method provides a simple and easily integrated coupling method for photonic crystal devices.

近年来,利用表面等离子体极化子波开发微纳器件的研究十分广泛。二维人工光子晶体具有类似半导体的带状结构特征。然而,光必须沿结构周期方向入射,这给光子晶体的耦合带来了挑战,从而阻碍了光子晶体的集成和应用。在这项工作中,我们提出利用手性质子透镜将垂直入射的左圆极化光耦合到光子晶体波导中。线性偏振光也能产生表面等离子体极化子波,并将其耦合到光子晶体波导中,但强度较低。相比之下,右旋偏振光的传播方向相反,进入光子晶体波导的传播量很小。结果表明,所提出的结构可以在 620-670 纳米波长范围内宽带工作。这种方法为光子晶体器件提供了一种简单、易于集成的耦合方法。
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引用次数: 0
Inverse design of incommensurate one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystals using 2D-convolutional mixture density neural networks 利用二维卷积混合密度神经网络反向设计不相容的一维多孔硅光子晶体
IF 2.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2024.101260
Ivan Alonso Lujan-Cabrera, Cesar Isaza, Ely Karina Anaya-Rivera, Cristian Felipe Ramirez-Gutierrez

This work proposes an inverse design tool for porous silicon photonic structures. This tool is based on 2D-convolutional mixture density neural networks given that this type of architecture allows to tackle the nonuniqueness problem present in the optical response of photonic crystals. Moreover, a preprocessing reshaping method was implemented to use 2D-convolution neural networks due to their powerful ability in pattern recognition. A data set of porous silicon photonic spectra was generated. The photonic structures consist of 12 assembled layers of different thicknesses and porosities, generating incommensurate one-dimensional photonic crystals. The model was tested with four test data sets. First, a periodic validation was carried out, showing that incommensurate structures can generate well-defined photonic bandgaps. The second test set found that incommensurate photonic structures can resemble the optical response of a modulated photonic crystal and retrieve defective modes within the bandgap. The third test data set consisted of ideal distributed Bragg reflectors. It was found that the neural network could not predict accurate design due to the notorious differences in the optical properties of the two structures. Last, the neural network was tested with the experimental spectrum of a porous silicon photonic crystal, and it was shown that the predictions made were inaccurate because the simulations did not consider critical experimental aspects.

这项研究提出了一种多孔硅光子结构的逆向设计工具。该工具基于二维卷积混合密度神经网络,因为这种结构可以解决光子晶体光学响应中存在的非唯一性问题。此外,由于二维卷积神经网络在模式识别方面的强大能力,我们采用了一种预处理重塑方法来使用二维卷积神经网络。我们生成了一组多孔硅光子光谱数据。这些光子结构由 12 层不同厚度和孔隙率的组装层组成,生成了不相称的一维光子晶体。该模型用四个测试数据集进行了测试。首先,进行了周期性验证,结果表明,不相称结构可以产生定义明确的光子带隙。第二组测试发现,不互斥光子结构可以类似于调制光子晶体的光学响应,并在带隙内检索到缺陷模式。第三个测试数据集包括理想的分布式布拉格反射器。结果发现,由于两种结构的光学特性存在明显差异,神经网络无法预测准确的设计。最后,用多孔硅光子晶体的实验光谱对神经网络进行了测试,结果表明,由于模拟没有考虑关键的实验因素,因此预测并不准确。
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引用次数: 0
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