Perception最新文献

Preliminary studies have demonstrated that reducing material temperature enhances the wetness perception and decreases the friction coefficient during skin-material interactions. However, the effects of changes in frictional force due to temperature variations on wetness perception, and the effects of contact temperature on surface roughness perception during active dynamic interactions between skin and fabrics remain poorly investigated. This study recruited 12 participants (6 females and 6 males) to touch dry fabrics at different contact temperatures (8, 16, and 24 °C) to obtain frictional force, surface roughness, and wetness perception scores. Each participant was asked to complete 45 assessments: 3 contact temperatures (8, 16, and 24 °C) × 5 fabric types (cotton, silk, wool, flax, and jute) × 3 repetitions. The results suggested that the surface roughness perception decreased while the wetness perception increased with lower contact temperatures, the fabric type significantly influenced the perception, but there is no significant correlation between frictional force and wetness perception. This study enhances the understanding of thermal modulation in perception, providing valuable insights for designing healthcare textile products that minimize skin damage and improve comfort during prolonged contact.

The limited availability of spectral images poses a significant challenge to the field of colour science. To address this issue, we spectrally rendered naturalistic images, enabling us to investigate the performance of classic colour constancy algorithms, including Grey-World, White-Patch, Grey-Edge, Shades-of-Grey, and Gamut-Mapping. We generated 4,096 physically based rendered scenes under different coloured illuminations, including a spectrally neutral illumination. We evaluated each algorithm by (1) comparing the illuminant estimated by the algorithm with the actual illuminant used for rendering and (2) assessing the performance based on the entire scene rendered under the neutral illuminant. The White-Patch algorithm consistently performed relatively well, while Gamut-Mapping emerged as the top-performing algorithm when evaluating the whole scene. However, it exhibited poor performance in estimating the ground-truth illuminant. We conducted a perceptual experiment to measure human colour constancy across a representative selection of scenes from our database using an asymmetric colour matching task. The results indicated that predictions from the algorithms that performed best when evaluated on the whole scene - white patch and gamut mapping - best approximate human performance. Indeed, the function of colour constancy is to stabilise the colour of all surfaces in a scene, rather than to estimate the colour of the illumination.

Most familiar odours are complex mixtures of volatile molecules, which the olfactory system synthesizes into a perceptual whole. However, odours are rarely encountered in isolation and thus, the brain must also separate distinct odour objects from complex backgrounds. While in vision, individual differences in scene analysis have been widely reported, to date, little attention has been paid to the cognitive processes underlying this olfactory ability. The aim of the present study was to determine whether local processing performance in visual tasks predicts participants' ability to identify component odours in multicomponent mixtures. Fifty-nine participants (F = 39), aged 16-55, completed two visual perception tasks, (Navon and Block Design), an odour-mixture task designed to test participants' ability to identify multi-component odour objects in binary/ternary mixtures and the Autism Quotient (AQ) Questionnaire, which measures autistic traits in the general population. While performance indices on neither visual task, nor scores on the AQ, were associated with odour mixture task performance, there was moderate evidence to support an association between reaction time on the Navon task and binary odour mixture task performance. These results provide insight into the cognitive processes underpinning olfactory scene analysis and support previous reports that faster processing speed is associated with superior selective attention.

Visual imagery refers to the ability to create voluntary mental representations in the absence of corresponding visual stimuli, and current evidence suggests that it shares common neural mechanisms with visual perception. Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a brain-based visual disorder caused by early neurological injury and maldevelopment of central visual processing pathways and areas. Individuals with CVI often present with a complex visual profile, including deficits related to higher-order visual processing. However, the impact of visual maldevelopment on imagery abilities in this population has not been extensively characterized. We used the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) to investigate visual imagery abilities in a cohort of CVI participants (n = 25, mean age = 22.48 years ± 12.31 SD) compared to controls with neurotypical vision and development (n = 25, mean age = 22.88 years ± 4.94 SD). We found that individuals with CVI had significantly lower VVIQ scores (mean = 41.84 ± 18.61 SD) than controls (mean = 62.48 ± 13.07 SD), after controlling for age and verbal IQ level. Within the CVI group, visual imagery abilities were not significantly different when separated by baseline visual acuity, gestational status, or co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder. These results suggest that impaired visual imagery may represent an important feature characterizing the complex visual profile of CVI.

In psychology and cognitive neuroscience, reaction time (RT) series and their ex-Gaussian distributions are commonly used as scalar quantities to explore the time course of attentional processes. However, we propose that such attentional processes can also be analyzed using an "ex-Gaussian vector", defined by successive triads of ex-Gaussian sigma, tau, and mu parameters from RT series. This geometrical object may help characterize interindividual differences between congruent and incongruent stimuli in the attentional Stroop task within a group of participants. To test these hypotheses, we calculated the similarity index of these geometrical objects in young adults without detectable neurological disorders. Our findings show that during two weeks of continuous Stroop task application, each participant displayed distinct ex-Gaussian RT vectors in a Cartesian 3D plot. Furthermore, our study found that the similarity index between ex-Gaussian RT vectors was significantly higher for incongruent stimuli than for congruent stimuli.

The aim of this study was to contribute to our understanding of embodied art experiences. We were interested in the emerging relationship between artwork, on the one hand, and one's bodily movements and associated embodied affective states on the other. Concretely, postural control of 46 participants looking at a diverse set of 21 20th-century abstract paintings was analysed. Also, we explored the relation between postural control, emotional states of being moved and aesthetic appraisal. Results did not reveal differences in postural control between the paintings. However, differences in variability, dynamic stability, complexity and intermittency of postural sway were found, when comparing subsets of high-motion and low-motion paintings and between subclasses of abstract painting styles. Emotional states of being moved and aesthetic appraisal were associated with postural control, both across paintings and across people in several ways. Together these findings provide empirical evidence for an embodied art experience.

Visual perception of biological motion (BM) is essential in comprehending our environment. Despite the well-established contribution of cross-modal priming to our understanding of BM perception, the influence of expectations in audiovisual settings remains unexplored. The present study investigates the impact of congruent and incongruent auditory cues on detecting BMs presented in point-light displays, exploring the impact of predictive processing on BM perception in the audiovisual context. Participants viewed either congruent auditory priors, which gave the correct information about the BM, or incongruent priors. They were required to detect the BMs as fast and accurately as possible. Our findings revealed shorter reaction times in congruent trials than incongruent ones although accuracy remained unaffected by congruency. Overall, our results highlight that while prior information can facilitate faster detection of human motion, it does not necessarily enhance accuracy.

One of the most remarkable human cognitive abilities is the "sense of number," that is, the almost instantaneous perception of numerosity information in the visual environment. While numerosity perception mirrors primary sensory processing in many aspects, little is known whether and how numerosity perception is influenced by selective attention to numerosity. Here, we investigated the effects of feature-based attention on numerosity perception using the visual search paradigm and the adaptation paradigm, respectively. In the visual search experiment, participants identified the presence of a numerosity-defined outlier among an array of distractors, while in the numerosity adaptation experiment, participants attended to a random dot field whose numerosity either matched or differed from the adaptor. We found a "semiparallel" search pattern in which attention was captured by the numerosity-defined outliers in a time-consuming, rather than an instantaneous manner. Interestingly, reduced numerosity adaptation aftereffects were observed when the attended numerosity matched the numerosity of the adaptor, indicating weakened perceptual representation of numerosity induced by feature-based attention. Our findings show, for the first time, that numerosity serves as a unique unit of nonspatial feature-based attention and that numerosity perception was modulated by feature-based attention via a distinctive mechanism that differed from other primary visual features.

Wearing a mask often disrupts social interactions because it covers parts of the face. Hence, masks with a printed smiling mouth (smiling masks) were designed to overcome this problem. In this study, we examine how wearing a smiling mask evokes affective impressions. The results show that people wearing a smiling mask are evaluated more eerily than those with a typical cloth mask or without any masks (Experiments 1). Moreover, people wearing a transparent mask (i.e., a mask whose area around the mouth is transparent) are evaluated less eerily than those with a smiling mask (Experiments 2). Our findings suggest that the realism inconsistency between facial features in the upper area and the printed mouth causes devaluation effects for people with a smiling mask. Our findings can be used as a reference for future mask designs that can promote healthy social interactions in a mask-wearing society, considering the potential return of infectious diseases and pandemics in the future.

Time perception is influenced by the spatial factors of visual stimuli. When observing a moving visual stimulus, a longer moving distance is judged to be longer than a shorter moving distance, even if the moving time is the same (the kappa effect). In the present study, to examine the effect of retrospective attention on the kappa effect, two visual stimuli with different moving distances were presented simultaneously. Immediately after these stimuli disappeared, the stimulus to which attention should be directed was specified. Participants judged the time interval to be longer when the stimulus to which they directed retrospective attention moved a longer distance than when it moved a shorter one. This finding indicates that stimulus features (distance moved) affect time perception by directing attention to a specific object in the memory after the disappearance of visual stimuli.