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An inverse application of unit cells for extracting fibre properties from effective properties of composites 从复合材料的有效特性中提取纤维特性的单元格逆向应用
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231212150
Zhenmin Zou, Shuguang Li
A semi-analytical solution is obtained in this paper for the micromechanical analysis of the square and hexagonal unit cells using complex potentials. It provides a means of numerical characterisation of unidirectionally fibre-reinforced composites for their effective properties. This process is considered as the forward problem and its inverse counterpart is also established in this paper to extract fibre properties from effective properties of composites. It is formulated into a mathematical optimisation problem in which the difference between predicted and provided effective properties is employed as the objective function with the fibre properties as the optimisation variables. The attempt of such an inverse problem is to address the lack of fibre properties for many types of composites commonly in use. The novelty of the paper lies in both sides of the analyses, forward and inverse, as none is available in the literature in the forms as presented in this paper and, more importantly, in the objective of this paper as an attempt to address the pressing and yet long-standing issue of lack of fibre properties. As a verification of the forward analysis, the predicted effective properties of a composite match perfectly with the finite element method (FEM) results. The same case is also employed to verify the inverse analysis by turning the prediction the other way round. Both the forward and inverse analyses have been validated against a series of experimental data. While the forward analysis is generally applicable to any input data as the properties of the constituents, the inverse analysis is sensitive to the input data. Potentially, the inverse analysis would offer a much-needed and also effective tool for the characterisation of fibres. However, reasonable predictions of fibre properties can only be obtained if input data are reasonably consistent.
本文给出了用复电位对方形和六边形单元胞进行微力学分析的半解析解。它为单向纤维增强复合材料的有效性能提供了一种数值表征手段。本文将这一过程视为正问题,建立了从复合材料的有效性能中提取纤维性能的逆问题。它被表述为一个数学优化问题,其中以纤维性能作为优化变量,以预测和提供的有效性能之间的差异作为目标函数。这种反问题的尝试是为了解决通常使用的许多类型的复合材料缺乏纤维特性的问题。本文的新颖性在于分析的正反两面,因为在本文中提出的形式的文献中没有可用的,更重要的是,本文的目的是试图解决紧迫而长期存在的缺乏纤维性能的问题。作为正演分析的验证,所预测的复合材料有效性能与有限元计算结果吻合较好。同样的情况也被用来验证反向分析,将预测反过来。正、逆分析均通过一系列实验数据进行了验证。正演分析一般适用于任何输入数据作为成分的性质,而逆分析对输入数据很敏感。潜在地,逆分析将为纤维的特征提供急需的有效工具。然而,只有在输入数据相当一致的情况下,才能获得对纤维性能的合理预测。
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引用次数: 0
A modified analytical model for the single-fiber pullout problem involving non-classical stress–strain relationships due to residual stresses: Analysis of stress field in the fully bonded region 涉及残余应力导致的非典型应力-应变关系的单纤维拉拔问题的修正分析模型:完全粘合区域的应力场分析
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231213022
Pengyu Pei, Guang Yang, Jinyu Zhou, Junfeng Lu
Upon reevaluating the influence of residual stresses generated by thermal mismatches in fibrous composites during the curing process, we introduce a modified model for the extraction of a single fiber from an elastic matrix. In contrast to previous models, which solely factored residual stress effects into the boundary conditions at the fiber–matrix interface while omitting them from the constitutive relations, our current model acknowledges bulk residual stress as finite values. Consequently, it yields non-conventional constitutive relations to describe the incremental deformation caused by external pulling forces. We have developed a practical semi-analytical series solution for the radial displacement of the matrix and an exact solution for the radial displacement of the fiber. To validate our modified model, we simplify it to a scenario where the influence of residual stress on the stress–strain relationship is excluded and compare it with results from existing literature. This comparison underscores the soundness of our modified model. We present a phase diagram to illustrate how the impact of residual stress on stress field prediction varies based on the ratio of the fiber modulus to the matrix modulus. This phase diagram serves as a valuable tool for evaluating whether it is advisable to transition from the previous mechanical model, which disregards the influence of residual stress on the stress–strain relationship, to the new model, which takes this influence into account within the stress–strain relationship.
在重新评估纤维复合材料在固化过程中由热不匹配产生的残余应力的影响的基础上,我们引入了一个改进的模型,用于从弹性基体中提取单个纤维。以前的模型只将残余应力效应考虑到纤维-基体界面的边界条件中,而将其从本构关系中忽略,与之相反,我们当前的模型将体残余应力视为有限值。因此,它产生了非常规的本构关系来描述由外力引起的增量变形。我们开发了一个实用的矩阵径向位移的半解析级数解和纤维径向位移的精确解。为了验证我们的修正模型,我们将其简化为排除残余应力对应力-应变关系影响的场景,并将其与现有文献的结果进行比较。这种比较强调了我们修改后的模型的合理性。我们给出了一个相图来说明残余应力对应力场预测的影响是如何根据纤维模量与基体模量的比值而变化的。该相图是评估是否应该从忽略残余应力对应力-应变关系影响的旧力学模型过渡到在应力-应变关系中考虑残余应力影响的新模型的有价值的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Limit analysis of masonry domes with oculus and lantern: A comparison between different approaches 带圆顶和灯笼的砌体穹顶的极限分析:不同方法的比较
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231205814
Danila Aita, Gabriele Milani, A. Taliercio
This paper aims to illustrate and compare different approaches for the limit analysis of masonry domes of revolution with an oculus at the top. It specifically focuses on the influence of the limited compressive and tensile strength of masonry on the bearing capacity of the dome. The first assessment is conducted through a semi-analytical formulation that revisits Durand-Claye’s method within the framework of the lower bound theorem of limit analysis. The second investigation is performed using a kinematic approach, which allows for closed-form solutions by exploiting the upper bound theorem of limit analysis and the virtual work theorem. These approaches are applied to a case study that was experimentally tested, involving a hemispherical dome with an oculus. The dome is subjected to its self-weight and a vertical load at the crown. Parametric investigations are presented to compare the results obtained through the proposed methods with those derived from the classical limit analysis of masonry structures, based on Heyman’s hypotheses.
本文的目的是说明和比较不同方法的极限分析的砖石旋转圆顶在顶部有一个眼。重点研究了砌体极限抗压和抗拉强度对穹顶承载能力的影响。第一次评估是通过半解析公式进行的,该公式在极限分析的下界定理的框架内重新审视了Durand-Claye的方法。第二项研究使用运动学方法进行,该方法允许通过利用极限分析的上界定理和虚功定理获得封闭形式的解。这些方法被应用到一个实验测试的案例研究中,涉及一个带有眼孔的半球形圆顶。圆顶承受自身重量和顶部的垂直载荷。提出了参数化研究,将所提出的方法得到的结果与基于海曼假设的砌体结构经典极限分析的结果进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
Connections between the morphoelastic treatment of growth-induced instabilities and earlier hyperelastic treatments of buckling under thrust 生长诱发不稳定性的形态弹性处理方法与早期推力下屈曲的超弹性处理方法之间的联系
IF 2.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231200242
T. Pence
In soft tissue, growth-induced instability is increasingly being viewed as a key agent in certain morphological developments, such as the folding of the cerebral cortex. As such, the study of growth-induced instability in the context of morphoelastic large deformation continuum mechanics is a burgeoning field of study. In this work, we examine some of the connections between these new developments and earlier work that can be viewed as the conventional—or no-growth—hyperelastic theory. By a systematic examination of a standard problem, certain direct correspondences are clarified which effectively permit results of a very general nature in the conventional theory to inform ongoing work in the morphoelastic theory.
在软组织中,生长诱导的不稳定性越来越被认为是某些形态发育的关键因素,例如大脑皮层的折叠。因此,在形态弹性大变形连续介质力学的背景下研究生长诱导不稳定性是一个新兴的研究领域。在这项工作中,我们研究了这些新发展与早期工作之间的一些联系,这些工作可以被视为传统或无增长超弹性理论。通过对一个标准问题的系统考察,某些直接的对应关系被澄清,这些直接对应关系有效地允许传统理论中非常普遍的结果为形态弹性理论中正在进行的工作提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
A numerical model of the human cornea accounting for the fiber-distributed collagen microstructure 考虑纤维分布的胶原结构的人角膜的数值模型
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231202024
Maria Laura De Bellis, Marcello Vasta, Alessio Gizzi, Anna Pandolfi
We present a fiber-distributed model of the reinforcing collagen of the human cornea. The model describes the basic connections between the components of the tissue by defining an elementary block (cell) and upscaling it to the physical size of the cornea. The cell is defined by two sets of collagen fibrils running in approximately orthogonal directions, characterized by a random distribution of the spatial orientation and connected by chemical bonds of two kinds. The bonds of the first kind describe the lamellar crosslinks, forming the ribbon-like lamellae; while the bonds of the second kind describe the stacking crosslinks, piling up the lamellae to form the structure of the stroma. The spatial replication of the cell produces a truss structure with a considerable number of degrees of freedom. The statistical characterization of the collagen fibrils leads to a mechanical model that reacts to the action of the deterministic intraocular pressure with a stochastic distribution of the displacements, here characterized by their mean value and variance. The strategy to address the solution of the heavy resulting numerical problem is to use the so-called stochastic finite element improved perturbation method combined with a fully explicit solver. The results demonstrate that the variability of the mechanical properties affects in a non-negligible manner the expected response of the structure to the physiological action.
我们提出了一个纤维分布模型的增强胶原的人角膜。该模型通过定义一个基本块(细胞)并将其放大到角膜的物理大小来描述组织组成部分之间的基本连接。细胞由两组大致正交的胶原原纤维组成,其空间方向随机分布,并由两种化学键连接。第一类键描述片层交联,形成带状片层;第二类化学键描述的是叠层交联,叠层形成基质结构。单元的空间复制产生具有相当多自由度的桁架结构。胶原原纤维的统计特征导致了一个力学模型,该模型对确定性眼压的作用作出反应,并具有位移的随机分布,这里以其平均值和方差为特征。解决重结果数值问题的策略是使用所谓的随机有限元改进摄动法与全显式求解器相结合。结果表明,力学性能的变化以不可忽略的方式影响结构对生理作用的预期响应。
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引用次数: 0
Flaw sensitivity of stochastic elastic materials 随机弹性材料的缺陷敏感性
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231208174
Shawn R Lavoie, Zhigang Suo
A material-specific length, called the flaw sensitivity length or fractocohesive length, is determined by measuring the strength of samples that contain cracks of various lengths. When the crack length is small compared with the fractocohesive length, the strength is unaffected by the crack. When the crack length is large compared with the fractocohesive length, the strength reduces as the crack length increases. Here we study how the fractocohesive length is affected by the stochastics of the constituents of a material. We simulate a model system, a truss in which the constituents are linearly elastic members forming a geometrically periodic lattice. The stochastics are represented by the scatter of strength among the members. The fractocohesive length scales with the length of each individual member, but the prefactor increases with the degree of scatter in member strength. The fractocohesive length can be much larger than the constituents of a material when the constituents have pronounced statistical variation.
材料特定长度,称为缺陷敏感长度或断裂内聚长度,是通过测量含有不同长度裂纹的样品的强度来确定的。当裂纹长度小于断裂黏结长度时,强度不受裂纹的影响。当裂纹长度大于断裂黏结长度时,强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小。在这里,我们研究了断裂内聚长度如何受到材料成分随机性的影响。我们模拟了一个模型系统,一个桁架,其中的成分是线性弹性成员,形成几何周期晶格。随机性由成员间强度的分散来表示。断裂内聚长度随构件长度的增大而增大,但预因子随构件强度的分散程度的增大而增大。当成分有明显的统计变化时,断裂黏合长度可以比材料的成分大得多。
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引用次数: 1
Non-classical theory of electro-thermo-elasticity incorporating local mass displacement and nonlocal heat conduction 结合局部质量位移和非局部热传导的非经典电热弹性理论
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231201132
Olha Hrytsyna, Yuriy Tokovyy, Maryan Hrytsyna
A non-classical local gradient theory of nonferromagnetic thermoelastic dielectrics is presented, incorporating both the local mass-displacement process and the heat-flux gradient effect. The process of local mass displacement is related to the changes in material microstructure. The nonlocal heat conduction law is also addressed in the model. Thus, the generalized relationship between the higher-grade heat and entropy fluxes is adopted. The gradient-type constitutive relations and governing equations are derived using the fundamental principles of continuum mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and electrodynamics. Due to the contribution of higher-grade flux, the nonlocal law of heat conduction is obtained. The constitutive relations for isotropic materials with the corresponding additional material constants are derived. To illustrate the local gradient theory and to show the electro-thermo-mechanical coupling effect in isotropic materials, a straightforward problem is analytically solved for a layered non-piezoelectric structure under non-uniform temperature distribution. The analytical results reveal that the thermal polarization effect can also be pronounced in isotropic materials. To illustrate the model considering the effect of nonlocal heat conduction, the propagation of spherical thermoelastic harmonic waves in a homogeneous and isotropic elastic medium with non-classical heat conduction law is studied.
提出了非铁磁热弹性介质的非经典局部梯度理论,将局部质量位移过程和热流梯度效应结合起来。局部质量位移过程与材料微观结构的变化有关。模型还讨论了非局部热传导规律。因此,采用高阶热通量与熵通量之间的广义关系。利用连续介质力学、非平衡热力学和电动力学的基本原理推导出梯度型本构关系和控制方程。由于高阶通量的贡献,得到了非局部热传导规律。导出了具有相应附加材料常数的各向同性材料的本构关系。为了说明局部梯度理论和显示各向同性材料中的电-热-力耦合效应,对温度分布不均匀的层状非压电结构的一个简单问题进行了解析求解。分析结果表明,在各向同性材料中也存在明显的热极化效应。为了说明考虑非局部热传导影响的模型,研究了球面热弹性谐波在非经典热传导规律的均匀各向同性弹性介质中的传播。
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引用次数: 0
A hierarchy of asymptotic models for a fluid-loaded elastic layer 流体加载弹性层的渐近模型层次
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231201573
Julius Kaplunov, Ludmila Prikazchikova, Sheeru Shamsi
A hierarchy of asymptotic models governing long-wave low-frequency in-plane motion of a fluid-loaded elastic layer is established. In contrast to a layer with traction-free faces, modelled by Neumann boundary conditions, a fluid-loaded one assumes more involved conditions along the interfaces, dictating a special asymptotic scaling. The latter corresponds to a fluid-borne bending wave, controlled by elastic stiffness of the layer and fluid inertia. In this case, the transverse inertia of the layer and fluid compressibility do not appear at zero-order approximation. The first-order approximation is associated with a Kirchhoff plate, immersed into incompressible fluid. In the studied free vibration setup, the fluid compressibility has to be taken into account only at third order, along with elastic rotary inertia. Transverse shear deformation enters the second-order approximation along with a few other corrections. The conventional impenetrability condition has to be also refined at second order. Dispersion relations corresponding to the developed asymptotic models are compared with the polynomial expansions of the full dispersion relation, obtained from the plane-strain problem of linear elasticity.
建立了流体加载弹性层的长波低频面内运动渐近模型。与由诺伊曼边界条件模拟的无牵引力面层相反,流体负载层沿界面假定了更多复杂的条件,规定了特殊的渐近缩放。后者对应于流体传播的弯曲波,由层的弹性刚度和流体惯量控制。在这种情况下,层的横向惯性和流体可压缩性不出现在零阶近似。一阶近似与浸入不可压缩流体中的基尔霍夫板有关。在所研究的自由振动装置中,流体可压缩性与弹性转动惯量仅在三阶考虑。横向剪切变形与其他一些修正一起进入二阶近似。常规的不透性条件也必须在二阶上加以细化。将渐近模型对应的色散关系与线性弹性平面应变问题的全色散关系的多项式展开式进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
A computational multiscale approach towards the modelling of microstructures with material interfaces in electrical conductors 电导体材料界面微结构建模的计算多尺度方法
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231202721
Dilek Güzel, Tobias Kaiser, Andreas Menzel
Motivated by the change of effective electrical properties grain or phase boundaries, a computational multiscale framework for continua with interfaces at the microscale is proposed. Cohesive-type interfaces are considered at the microscale, such that displacement and electrical potential jumps are accounted for. The governing equations for materials with interfaces under mechanical and electrical loads are provided. Based on these, a computational multiscale formulation is proposed. The coupling between the electrical and mechanical subproblem is established by the constitutive equations at the material interface. In order to investigate deformation-induced property changes at the microscale, the evolution of interface damage is elaborated. The proposed multiscale framework is further examined through various representative boundary value problems so as to identify its key properties.
以晶界或相界有效电学性质的变化为动力,提出了一种微尺度下具有界面的连续体的计算多尺度框架。在微观尺度上考虑黏结型界面,从而考虑位移和电位跳变。给出了具有界面的材料在机械载荷和电载荷作用下的控制方程。在此基础上,提出了一种多尺度计算公式。通过材料界面处的本构方程,建立了电学子问题与力学子问题的耦合关系。为了在微观尺度上研究变形引起的性能变化,阐述了界面损伤的演化过程。通过各种具有代表性的边值问题对所提出的多尺度框架进行进一步检验,以确定其关键性质。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction between an edge dislocation and a circular incompressible liquid inclusion 边缘位错与圆形不可压缩液体包裹体之间的相互作用
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1177/10812865231202445
Xu Wang, Peter Schiavone
We use Muskhelishvili’s complex variable formulation to study the interaction problem associated with a circular incompressible liquid inclusion embedded in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix subjected to the action of an edge dislocation at an arbitrary position. A closed-form solution to the problem is derived largely with the aid of analytic continuation. We obtain, in explicit form, expressions for the internal uniform hydrostatic stresses, nonuniform strains and nonuniform rigid body rotation within the liquid inclusion; the hoop stress along the liquid-solid interface on the matrix side and the image force acting on the edge dislocation. We observe that (1) the internal strains and rigid body rotation within the liquid inclusion are independent of the elastic property of the matrix; (2) the internal hydrostatic stress field within the liquid inclusion is unaffected by Poisson’s ratio of the matrix and is proportional to the shear modulus of the matrix; and (3) an unstable equilibrium position always exists for a climbing dislocation.
本文利用Muskhelishvili的复变量公式研究了嵌套在无限各向同性弹性矩阵中的圆形不可压缩液体包体在任意位置的边缘位错作用下的相互作用问题。主要借助解析延拓导出了该问题的封闭解。得到了液体包裹体内部均匀静水应力、非均匀应变和非均匀刚体旋转的显式表达式;沿基体侧液固界面的环向应力和作用于边缘位错的像力。我们观察到(1)包裹体内部的内部应变和刚体旋转与基体的弹性无关;(2)液包体内部静水应力场不受基体泊松比的影响,与基体剪切模量成正比;(3)攀爬位错总是存在不稳定的平衡位置。
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引用次数: 0
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Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids
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