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Origin matters? Comparing impacts of native and introduced ungulates in European protected areas 起源很重要?比较欧洲保护区中本地蹄类动物和引进蹄类动物的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12345
Luciano Rivas, Marcelo H. Cassini

The prevailing theory in invasion biology has been that introduced species have ecological and life-history characteristics that predispose them to do more damage than native species. However, this principle has been challenged and the last decade has become involved in controversy around the hypothesis of whether origin matters. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare the intensity and types of environmental impacts of native European ungulates and their introduced counterparts using EICAT and 2) to discuss whether the results support the hypotheses on the importance of the origin of species. We relied on two previously published lists of literature on ungulate impacts. We conducted four types of comparisons: 1) same species, different locations, 2) different species, same location, 3) all species, all locations and 4) between impact mechanisms. All data comparisons between native European and introduced ungulate species indicated non-significant differences in their levels and types of impacts. In conclusion, this study found that the negative impact of native European ungulates is like that produced by introduced species. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that determined high levels of damages in native and introduced ungulates may not be the same; thus, further research using the methodological tools provided by invasion biology is required.

入侵生物学的主流理论认为,外来物种的生态和生活史特征使其比本地物种造成更大的破坏。然而,这一原则受到了质疑,在过去的十年中,围绕起源是否重要这一假说的争议不断。本研究的目的是:1)使用 EICAT 比较欧洲原生有蹄类动物和引进的同类动物对环境影响的强度和类型;2)讨论研究结果是否支持关于物种起源重要性的假设。我们参考了之前发表的两份有关有蹄类动物影响的文献清单。我们进行了四种类型的比较:1)同一物种,不同地点;2)不同物种,同一地点;3)所有物种,所有地点;4)不同影响机制。欧洲本地物种和引进的蹄类动物之间的所有数据比较均表明,它们在影响程度和影响类型上没有显著差异。总之,这项研究发现,欧洲本地有蹄类动物的负面影响与引进物种的负面影响相同。然而,决定本地有蹄类动物和引进有蹄类动物造成高水平破坏的机制可能并不相同;因此,需要利用入侵生物学提供的方法论工具开展进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Continent-wide differences in diet breadth of large terrestrial carnivores: the effect of large prey and competitors 大型陆生食肉动物食性广度的全洲差异:大型猎物和竞争者的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12343
Francesco Ferretti, Sandro Lovari, Mauro Lucherini, Matt W. Hayward, Philip A. Stephens

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引用次数: 0
What, where, and how: a spatiotemporally explicit analysis of the drivers of habitat loss within the range of maned three-toed sloths (Bradypus torquatus and Bradypus crinitus) 内容、地点和方式:对鬃毛三趾树懒(Bradypus torquatus 和 Bradypus crinitus)栖息地丧失驱动因素的时空明确分析
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12342
Paloma M. Santos, Juliano A. Bogoni, Adriano G. Chiarello

了解保护状况并为保护决策提供信息的第一步是确定生境丧失的驱动因素。我们的目标是分析巴西大西洋森林中两种濒危和特有物种树懒(Bradypus torquatus 和 Bradypus crinitus)栖息地丧失的主要人为因素的时空分布。我们使用了与基于世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)的树懒所面临的七种主要威胁相关的土地利用信息,涵盖了三代人的时间窗口(1988-2020 年),以量化当前物种分布所占用的面积、时间变化、异质性以及驱动因素的强度。其他驱动因素也代表了不同物种分布中土地转换的重要时空特征。主要在牲畜扩张的驱动下,巴西大西洋森林中的两个树懒物种都经历了森林覆盖率的显著下降(Bradypus torquatus - 659098.70公顷;Bradypus crinitus - 139013.20公顷)。总体而言,Bradypus torquatus的森林砍伐率高于森林再生率,而Bradypus crinitus的森林覆盖率则高于栖息地丧失率。我们的研究结果表明,对于严格意义上的树栖物种来说至关重要的大片原始森林正不断被牧场和农业活动所取代,这可能会导致种群隔离和衰退,威胁种群的长期生存能力。
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引用次数: 0
Non-invasive methods for monitoring weasels: emerging technologies and priorities for future research 监测黄鼠狼的非侵入性方法:新兴技术和未来研究的优先事项
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12344
David S. Jachowski, Scott M. Bergeson, Stacy R. Cotey, Elizabeth Croose, Tim R. Hofmeester, Jenny MacPherson, Patrick Wright, Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo, Stephen P. Carter, Andrin C. Dürst, Gregory B. Egloff, M. Kevin Hamed, Paul Hapeman, Stephen N. Harris, Kendyl Hassler, Jean-Yves Humbert, Denise Karp, Roland Kays, Jelena Mausbach, Dana J. Morin, Jeroen Mos, Salvador Salvador Allué, Lisa Smith, Joshua P. Twining, Chad R. Williamson, Karol Zub

黄鼠狼(Mustela 和 Neogale 属)在一些地区是正在减少的本地物种,而在另一些地区则是入侵物种,因此受到管理部门的关注。无论是否需要保护或移除黄鼠狼,都越来越需要使用非侵入性监测方法来评估种群趋势。我们进行了文献综述,并举办了首届国际黄鼠狼监测研讨会,以综合有关黄鼠狼历史和当前非侵入性监测技术的信息。我们的文献检索显示,在过去 20 年中,相机陷阱是最常用的非侵入性监测方法(62% 的研究),其次是旨在收集足迹的足迹板或气味站(23%),以及在雪地或土壤中收集足迹的步行横断面(8.7%)。专家们一致认为,目前最有前途的非侵入性监测技术包括使用公民科学家报告、探测犬、探测足迹、非侵入性基因调查以及封闭或非封闭的相机陷阱系统。由于每种技术都有其优点和局限性,因此可能需要使用多种方法。需要坚定地致力于在空间和时间上重复的专门监测,以便确定趋势数据,为未来的管理行动提供更好的信息。现在有了多种非侵入式监测方法,只需投入相对较少的资金和精力就可以进行监测。
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引用次数: 0
Near or far: revision of distribution, breeding and winter ranges of two sibling Pipistrellus species (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus 近在咫尺还是远在天边:东欧和高加索地区两个同胞兄弟种 Pipistrellus(爬行动物门,Vespertilionidae)的分布、繁殖和冬季活动范围的修正
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12341
Lena Godlevska, Suren Gazaryan

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引用次数: 0
A multisensory approach to understanding bat responses to wind energy developments 采用多感官方法了解蝙蝠对风能开发的反应
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12340
Kristin A. Jonasson, Amanda M. Adams, Alyson F. Brokaw, Michael D. Whitby, M. Teague O'Mara, Winifred F. Frick

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引用次数: 0
Small mammal associations with habitat composition, configuration, and management in tallgrass prairies: a review 高草草原上小型哺乳动物与栖息地组成、配置和管理的关系:综述
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12336
Erin G. Rowland-Schaefer, Olivia Koehn, Holly P. Jones

引言小型哺乳动物(此处定义为体重小于 400 克的任何哺乳动物)是生态系统中数量最多的类群之一,在它们栖息的生态系统中发挥着重要的生态作用。除了为中食肉动物和其它食肉动物提供特定的食物龛位和重要的猎物资源外,小型哺乳动物还提供了许多生态系统服务。鉴于它们在食物网中的核心作用,小型哺乳动物可作为广泛生态系统健康或功能的指示物种(Avenant,2000 年;Leis 等,2008 年)。许多种类的小型哺乳动物会钻洞,造成土壤扰动,从而有助于通气和表土形成(Martin,2003 年)。它们是无脊椎动物和种子的重要消费者,对无脊椎动物和植物的多样性都有影响(Churchfield 等,1991 年;Poe 等,2019 年)。它们可能会吃掉这些系统中的相关物种或保护目标的植物和无脊椎动物(Gibson 等,1990 年;Tschumi 等,2018 年),因此清楚地了解其种群的驱动因素对生态系统管理至关重要。最后,许多小型哺乳动物是莱姆病和汉坦病毒等疾病的传播媒介(Mills,2006 年;Ostfeld 等,2018 年)。这些疾病威胁的增加与生物多样性的丧失和景观结构的变化有关(Langlois 等,2001 年;Allan 等,2003 年;Mills,2006 年),因此更深入地了解受威胁和支离破碎的生态系统中的小型哺乳动物是关键所在。小型哺乳动物在草原等草地生态系统中发挥着重要作用(Laidlaw 等,2013 年),但对这些系统中的小型哺乳动物研究不足,现有文献大多侧重于森林中的小型哺乳动物。在科学网上搜索 "小型哺乳动物*"和森林的搜索结果为 3858 条,而 "小型哺乳动物*"和草原的搜索结果仅为 1224 条。而 "小型哺乳动物*"和 "草原 "的搜索结果只有 1224 个。在这些系统中,小型哺乳动物如何应对景观尺度变量(土地覆盖/组成、景观配置和景观尺度管理)的研究更是少之又少。高草草原是全球受威胁最严重的生态系统之一,其面积只剩下历史上的不到 5%(Howe,1994 年;Sampson &amp; Knopf,1994 年;Hoekstra 等,2005 年)。栖息地的大幅减少导致高草草原成为生态恢复工作的共同目标。如今,大部分残存(即从未耕种过)和恢复的高草草原以小块、零散的形式存在,通常位于广阔的农业网络中。虽然这些关系在北美草原上没有得到很好的研究,但小型哺乳动物对其他生态系统中土地覆盖的变化(Wegner 等,1999 年;Méro 等,2015 年)或栖息地的连通性(Mulligan 等,2013 年;Downing 等,2015 年)有着广泛的、针对特定物种的反应。随着栖息地的不断丧失和恢复工作的不断加强,了解小型哺乳动物在高草草原等土地植被多变的破碎化栖息地中的动态将变得更加重要。在残存栖息地和恢复栖息地开展研究也很重要,因为这两种栖息地的植物群落已被证明是不同的(Polley 等,2005 年;Barak 等,2017 年),因此小型哺乳动物对景观尺度变量的反应可能会有所不同。植被的变化可推动群落组合(米歇尔等人,2007 年)、扩散和种群遗传(豪威尔等人,2017 年)以及种群循环(伯尼等人,1976 年)。在残存草原和恢复草原中,可能会有多种土地覆被类型在附近交错分布,包括农田或牧场、已开发土地、稀树草原或林地。小型哺乳动物通常与特定栖息地类型、连通性或破碎化的变化有着特定的物种联系(Delattre 等,1996 年;Nupp &amp; Swihart,2000 年)。对这些模式的研究有助于进一步了解小型哺乳动物种群和群落组成的驱动因素。此外,目前的许多研究都是针对特定的种群和环境进行的,这意味着很难从数据中得出可普遍推广的趋势。在高度破碎化的地区,与农业或城市化土地等不太适合的栖息地接壤的边缘区域的暴露程度会增加。在高草草原系统中,一些类群(如鸟类)会随生境边缘的远近而变化,而不是随其他景观因素而变化(Winter 等,2000 年)。然而,对哺乳动物的研究要少得多,大部分工作都是在城市或森林系统中进行的(Bayne &amp; Hobson 1998, Allan et al.)
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引用次数: 0
Habitat suitability as an indicator of urbanisation potential in four UK mammals 栖息地适宜性是英国四种哺乳动物城市化潜力的指标
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12334
Uva Yu Yan Fung, Chris Carbone, Kate Scott-Gatty, Robin Freeman, Robert M. Ewers, Jessica Turner

引言 人类活动的增加和人口的增长导致了对土地需求的上升(Meyer &amp; Turner 1992 年,Baker &amp; Harris 2007 年)以及城市景观对自然环境的侵占(Brueckner 等人,2001 年)。野生动物群落受到严重影响,因为物种的减少或繁盛取决于它们与人类共存的能力。一个物种的存在与否可作为其与人类共存能力的指标(Šálek 等,2015 年;Tucker 等,2020 年)。为确保成功保护城市地区的野生动物,了解不同物种的分布及其与人为环境的关系至关重要。在人为因素造成的栖息地丧失中,城市景观可能会为野生动物适应和城市化提供多种多样的机会。城市绿地,如花园、公园和分配区,可以成为哺乳动物的据点(Harris,1984 年;Scott 等,2014 年;Gurnell 等,2017 年;Lovell 等,2022 年)。这些人造绿地由茂密且结构复杂的植物覆盖组成,适合隐蔽、觅食和筑巢(Baker &amp; Harris 2007, Hubert 等人,2011 年;Turner 等人,2021 年)。它们也是独立管理的,受到不同程度的人为干扰,因此可能受到不同哺乳动物的青睐。在居民区,城市食物垃圾堆可为食肉动物和杂食动物提供丰富的食物来源(纽曼等人,2003 年;斯科特等人,2014 年、2018 年)。另一方面,城市地区也给野生动物的生存带来了多重挑战,例如,由于缺乏天然食物来源和栖息地(McDonald 等人,2008 年)、道路交通碰撞造成的死亡风险、污染(Brožová 等人,2014 年;Newport 等人,2014 年;Altermatt &amp; Ebert 2016 年;Mullineaux 等人,2020 年)以及自由放养的家养宠物的竞争或捕食(Loyd 等人,2013 年;Doherty 等人,2018 年)。尽管伦敦的人口超过 890 万,但仍有多种哺乳动物适应了城市生活方式,其中包括西欧刺猬(Erinaceus europaeus)、红狐(Vulpes vulpes)、欧洲獾(Meles meles)和东灰松鼠(Sciurus carolinensis)(ONS 2020),这也是我们研究的重点。尽管刺猬已被列入英格兰重点保护物种名单并受到保护,但在伦敦的私家花园、公园和农田中却很常见(Baker &amp; Harris 2007, Hubert 等人,2011 年;Couzens 等人,2021 年)。此外,狐狸是一种适应性很强的机会主义食肉动物,在拥有大型房屋和花园的城市地区和郊区非常常见,经常在食物垃圾堆中觅食(纽曼等人,2003 年;斯科特等人,2014 年、2018 年)。獾自然栖息在落叶林地和牧场中(Couzens 等,2021 年),但在城市花园中越来越常见,它们以蚯蚓、昆虫为食,偶尔也捕食小型哺乳动物,包括刺猬(Harris,1984 年;Hof 等,2019 年),在伦敦的某些地区数量很多。东部灰松鼠(Sciurus carolinensis)原产于北美洲,1890 年被引入英国,自此开始大量繁殖,在英国大部分地区取代了原生的红松鼠(Gurnell 等,2004 年)。虽然刺猬、狐狸、獾和松鼠都已在伦敦定居,但城市基础设施和活动给它们的生存带来了很大的压力和风险。最近英国刺猬数量的减少与自然绿地的丧失以及围栏、道路和水体造成的连通性降低有关(Hof &amp; Bright 2009)。Lovell 等人(2022 年)的一项研究发现,伦敦的獾在人类活动频繁的地区变得不那么活跃。特纳等人(2021 年)利用公民科学数据集 3012 条出现记录,建立了伦敦刺猬的物种分布模型,发现刺猬的出现会随着某些类型的城市绿地(包括花园、公园和分配区)的增加而增加。据估计,大伦敦大部分地区的总体栖息地适宜度较高,但中部和部分外围地区的适宜度较低。在特纳等人(2021 年)工作的基础上,本研究利用 2005 年至 2021 年的环境数据进一步调查了大伦敦地区其他三种城市哺乳动物的栖息地适宜性。我们的目标是:1)重新评估特纳等人(2021 年)建立的栖息地适宜性模型;2)确定大伦敦地区其他三种城市哺乳动物的栖息地适宜性。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of urbanisation on chipmunks, arboreal and flying squirrels: a global systematic review 城市化对花栗鼠、树栖松鼠和鼯鼠的影响:全球系统综述
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12335
Claudia Tranquillo, Francesco Bisi, Lucas A. Wauters, Damiano Preatoni, Adriano Martinoli, Francesca Santicchia

为了更好地了解野生动物改变表型特征的能力,以及适应城市环境的潜在能力,我们对科学文献进行了系统性的回顾,以调查树栖松鼠、鼯鼠和花栗鼠对城市化的反应策略和潜在的适应性(适应性结果)。特别是,我们利用了以下研究:1)比较农村/自然地区与城市地区,或分析沿梯度的差异;2)比较不同的城市环境,或分析与人类干扰源有关的变化(详见下文),以确定特定表型特征的变化,并探索物种间这些变化的模式。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic global review of mammalian carnivore responses to production forests 哺乳类食肉动物对生产林反应的全球系统性审查
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12333
Evie M. Jones, Amelia J. Koch, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Menna E. Jones

这些有袋类物种占据着与胎盘食肉动物不同家族相当的生态位(琼斯,2003年;格伦与amp;迪克曼,2008年),但往往在文献中被忽视。我们回顾并总结了报道食肉动物利用生产林的文献,将研究分为两大类:人工林和采伐的原生林。我们将原生树种和外来树种的人工林归为一类,因为它们都是单一树种的人工林,采用类似的管理技术。我们综合这些信息,以发现与其他栖息地类型相比,哪些因素会影响食肉动物对生产林的定向反应(积极或消极),以及哪些栖息地特征会影响食肉动物对这些森林的利用。这些信息可用于制定管理措施,提高这些景观对食肉动物的价值。我们的目标是回答以下问题:食肉动物在生产林中的全球研究地理分布情况如何,这些出版物的重点是什么?食肉动物如何利用生产林与本地和/或未采伐林及其他改造景观(如农田),食肉动物栖息地的利用与濒危状况、饮食和体型有什么关系?食肉动物对采伐后的原生林的利用如何随采伐时间和采伐方法而变化?哪些生境特征影响食肉动物对生产林的利用?
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Mammal Review
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