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Correction to ‘Critical variables and their thresholds for the precise density estimation of wild felids with camera traps and spatial capture-recapture (SCR) methods’ 对 "利用相机陷阱和空间捕获-再捕获(SCR)方法精确估算野生猫科动物密度的关键变量及其阈值 "的更正
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12368

Palmero S, Premier J, Kramer-Schadt S, Monterroso P, Heurich M (2023) Sampling variables and their thresholds for the precise estimation of wild felid population density with camera traps and spatial capture–recapture methods. Mammal Review, 53, 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12320

In paragraph 6 of the ‘Discussion’ session, the text ‘Our results indicated that Bayesian methods performed better than MLE. This finding is consistent with Royle et al. (2009), who demonstrated that Bayesian methods cope better with small sample sizes. Considering that large sample sizes are often hard to achieve, Bayesian methods are generally preferable, and many R packages are available to support the methods, for example Royle et al. (2014), which provides several coding examples’ was incorrect because we drew wrong conclusions on the comparison between the two methods.

This should read ’Our results indicated that Bayesian methods performed better than MLE. This finding is consistent with Royle et al. (2009), who demonstrated that Bayesian methods cope better with small sample sizes. However, it needs to be taken into account that the two approaches model the number of individuals observed differently, that is a Poisson and binomial distribution is used for the MLE and Bayesian methods, respectively. Additionally, Bayesian methods use priors in the model. Therefore, conclusions on the performance of the two methods cannot be fairly drawn’.

We apologise for this error.

Palmero S, Premier J, Kramer-Schadt S, Monterroso P, Heurich M (2023) 用相机陷阱和空间捕获-再捕获方法精确估计野生猫科动物种群密度的采样变量及其阈值。Mammal Review, 53, 223-237。https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12320In "讨论 "部分第 6 段,"我们的结果表明贝叶斯方法比 MLE 效果更好。这一结果与 Royle 等人(2009 年)的研究结果一致,他们认为贝叶斯方法更适合小样本量。考虑到大样本量往往难以实现,贝叶斯方法通常更可取,而且许多 R 软件包都支持这种方法,例如 Royle 等人(2014 年)提供了几个编码示例 "是不正确的,因为我们对两种方法之间的比较得出了错误的结论。这一结论与 Royle 等人(2009 年)的观点一致,他们认为贝叶斯方法更适合小样本量。不过,需要考虑的是,这两种方法对观察到的个体数量的建模方式不同,即 MLE 和贝叶斯方法分别使用泊松分布和二项分布。此外,贝叶斯方法在模型中使用先验。因此,无法对这两种方法的性能得出公正的结论"。我们对这一错误表示歉意。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomic assessment, conservation status, and future perspectives for New World Marsupials 新世界有袋类动物的分类评估、保护现状和未来展望
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12366
Gabriel M. Martin, Ana Paula Carmignotto

新世界有袋类动物(New World Marsupials,NWMs)包括从巴塔哥尼亚(阿根廷)到北美洲北部的超过 135 个物种,被归类为有袋目(Didelphimorphia)、无袋目(Microbiotheria)和有袋目(Paucituberculata)。本研究根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录评估和当前文献,研究了新世界有袋类动物最近的分类学修订和保护优先事项。在 137 个物种中,一半以上(n = 82;60%)的种群趋势仍然不明,其中 34 个物种保持稳定(25%),30 个物种正在减少(22%),只有 3 个物种呈上升趋势(2.2%)。在世界自然保护联盟评估的 105 个物种中,45 个物种(43%)的种群趋势不明。已确定的评估物种(n = 32)面临的威胁包括生态系统转换和退化,这是主要威胁,另外 26 个物种可能因生境破碎化和/或土地转换而丧失生境。在对拟议的分类进行详细分析时,"栖息地丧失、破碎化和转换 "被确定为 61 个物种的主要威胁:我们为 85 个物种(62%)确定了研究需求,涉及五个类别:分类学(9 个物种)、生活史和生态学(75 个物种)、种群数量、分布和趋势(80 个物种)、威胁(78 个物种)和行动(2 个物种):我们提出了加强保护的四个关键步骤:1)更新评估,纳入所有有效物种;2)确定保护野生动物的优先区域;3)鼓励研究合作;4)将数据纳入不同空间和政治尺度的保护战略。
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引用次数: 0
Wild felids in trophic cascades: a global review 营养级联中的野生猫科动物:全球综述
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12358
Sarah Tossens, Marine Drouilly, Simon Lhoest, Cédric Vermeulen, Jean-Louis Doucet

  1. Carnivores, often identified as keystone species, can influence prey and subordinate carnivores through density- and behaviourally mediated pathways. Although the magnitude of their impacts remains debated, carnivores may trigger successional direct and indirect ecological effects on lower trophic levels in specific contexts, commonly known as trophic cascades. Felids, as ambush predators, have great potential to impact food webs. Yet, their influence on ecosystem dynamics remains understudied.
  2. This global comprehensive literature review aimed to assess evidence for felids' ecological roles in trophic cascades across both natural and human-dominated ecosystems.
  3. We found 61 publications that studied the influence of 18 felid species in trophic cascades. Research exhibited taxonomic and geographic biases, favouring big cats, temperate regions and biomes, as well as tropical moist forests in Central and South America. Of the studies, 23% (n = 14) were experimental, while 77% were observational or correlative. Among the latter, 60% tested at least one alternative hypothesis and 47% examined bottom-up processes.
  4. Despite varying levels of inference, 80% of studies provide information consistent with trophic cascades involving felids. Their examination confirmed wild cats' ability to induce density- and behaviourally mediated trophic cascades, thereby influencing critical biotic and abiotic processes, including mesopredator control, functional diversity maintenance, and carbon storage. The magnitude of these effects may be altered in human-dominated landscapes, although current research effort remains too limited to draw conclusions.
  5. In conclusion, felids may act as drivers of ecosystem change, and acknowledging their ecological roles can aid in promoting their conservation. However, we encourage more strongly inferential and comprehensive investigations into felid-mediated trophic cascades, prioritising research on small cats, felids in Asia and Africa, and the impacts of humans on trophic cascades, which can help to better inform conservation interventions and perspectives.
食肉动物通常被认为是关键物种,它们可以通过密度和行为中介途径影响猎物和从属食肉动物。尽管对其影响的大小仍有争议,但食肉动物可能会在特定情况下对较低营养级(通常称为营养级联)产生直接和间接的生态效应。猫科动物作为伏击捕食者,对食物网的影响潜力巨大。然而,它们对生态系统动态的影响仍未得到充分研究。这篇全球性综合文献综述旨在评估猫科动物在自然和人类主导的生态系统中营养级联中的生态作用证据。我们发现有 61 篇文献研究了 18 种猫科动物在营养级联中的影响。研究显示了分类学和地理学上的偏差,偏爱大型猫科动物、温带地区和生物群落以及中美洲和南美洲的热带潮湿森林。在这些研究中,23%(n = 14)为实验性研究,77%为观察性或相关性研究。在后者中,60%的研究测试了至少一个替代假设,47%的研究考察了自下而上的过程。尽管推论的程度不同,但80%的研究提供的信息与涉及猫科动物的营养级联相一致。他们的研究证实,野生猫科动物有能力诱发密度和行为介导的营养级联,从而影响关键的生物和非生物过程,包括中层食肉动物控制、功能多样性维持和碳储存。在人类占主导地位的景观中,这些影响的程度可能会发生变化,但目前的研究工作仍然太有限,无法得出结论。总之,猫科动物可能是生态系统变化的驱动力,承认它们的生态作用有助于促进对它们的保护。然而,我们鼓励对猫科动物介导的营养级联进行更有力的推断和更全面的调查,优先研究小型猫科动物、亚洲和非洲的猫科动物以及人类对营养级联的影响,这有助于更好地为保护干预措施和观点提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic literature review investigating the association between biodiversity and beaver lodges 调查生物多样性与海狸洞穴之间关系的系统文献综述
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12363
Jude Banks Wilson, Samantha Bremner-Harrison

生物多样性与海狸改造过的栖息地(如池塘、水坝和运河)之间的积极关系已得到证实,但生物多样性与海狸栖息地之间的关系却很少得到研究。由于栖息地日益破碎化,人们越来越需要确定当地的生物多样性热点。本系统综述评估了当前有关海狸洞穴与生物多样性之间关系的科学知识。具体来说,该研究旨在:1)调查海狸洞穴成为当地生物多样性热点的证据;2)围绕生物多样性与海狸洞穴之间的关系确定未来研究的领域;3)就如何监测英国生物多样性与海狸洞穴之间的关系提出建议。通过循序渐进的数据库搜索和文献整理过程,最终形成了 35 篇文章的数据集,每篇文章都包括至少一种与海狸洞穴相互作用的物种(海狸除外)。对最终文章数据集的分析表明,在季节性很强的环境中,海狸洞穴为多个物种提供了多种用途和健康益处,每天和每季的游客变化受到种内和种间相互作用的影响。与周边地区的微生境相比,海狸洞穴具有更高的物种丰富度和多样性,这支持了海狸洞穴是当地生物多样性热点的概念。我们建议今后的研究使用视频方法监测海狸栖息地和周边地区的其他处理组。利用所述方法,海狸管理计划应对整个北半球的海狸栖息地进行监测,帮助进一步了解这些重要的地方生物多样性热点。
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引用次数: 0
From popularity to preservation: large carnivore potential for ecosystem conservation 从受欢迎到保护:大型食肉动物在生态系统保护方面的潜力
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12365
Stijn Verschueren, Hans Bauer, Bogdan Cristescu, Herwig Leirs, Carolina Torres-Uribe, Laurie Marker

由于缺乏资金和战略优先次序不明确,保护工作面临挑战。旗舰物种引起了公众的关注,但可能并不能充分代表和保护生物多样性。将以物种为中心的方法与以区域为基础的战略相结合,可以完善保护成果,并提高生物多样性目标的实现。我们为猎豹(Achinonyx jubatus)这一具有全球吸引力的旗舰物种介绍了这一案例。我们确定了研究趋势和差距,并估算了猎豹在其自由分布区出现的相关生物多样性价值。尽管现有的文献包含了来自不同跨学科方法的见解,但目前的知识大多来自数量有限的局部研究区域,而大多数种群的研究都不足。猎豹栖息在非洲一半以上的生态区域,它们在当代出现的地点恰好是对生物多样性保护有价值的地区,尤其是靠近赤道的地区,那里的生态区域保护不力,人类足迹较多。保护猎豹的努力可以产生巨大的生物多样性效益,尤其是在保护区之外,从而对当前的区域保护网络起到补充作用。剩余栖息地面临的压力越来越大,需要采取适应性保护战略;因此,必须采取更具包容性和综合性的方法来保护猎豹这一旱地和与人类共享景观的旗舰物种。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding mesopredator responses to changes in apex predator populations in Europe: implications for the mesopredator release hypothesis 了解中层食肉动物对欧洲顶级食肉动物种群变化的反应:对中层食肉动物释放假说的影响
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12357
Thomas van Schaik, Marijke van Kuijk, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck

欧洲在保护方面取得的成功引发了顶端食肉动物的恢复,这可能会影响中层食肉动物的数量。中型食肉动物释放假说(MRH)预测,顶级食肉动物的减少会引发中型食肉动物从抑制中 "释放 "出来。我们考察了欧洲中层食肉动物对顶端捕食者种群变化的反应,并评估了扩展的 MRH 的解释力。我们考察了 47 项关于欧洲捕食者的研究结果,以寻找扩展的 MRH 的支持证据、混合证据、无证据或对比证据。在 38 个顶端捕食者-中层食肉动物配对中,有 10 个主要支持扩展的 MRH,而其他则提供了有限支持或无支持。在 17 个配对的 23 个实例中,中间食肉动物的反应与预测相矛盾。初步研究结果表明,在中等到较大体型差异的配对中,以及在中食肉动物以捕食为主的配对中,扩展的MRH能更好地预测中食肉动物的反应。这强调了捕食者之间相互作用的复杂性,这种复杂性超出了抑制的范围。我们认为MRH的作用范围比以前认为的更为有限,因此要警惕过度依赖MRH作为欧洲中食肉动物对顶级捕食者种群变化反应的默认预期。
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引用次数: 0
A meta-analysis of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on tropical mammal functional diversity 人为干扰对热带哺乳动物功能多样性影响的荟萃分析
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12356
Paloma Silva Resende, Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior, Ricardo S. Bovendorp

了解生物群落在各种干扰下的形成过程是生态学和自然保护的核心挑战。哺乳动物对生态系统的关键功能过程做出了贡献,例如传播种子以维持森林碳储量。功能多样性可衡量生物生态特征的范围和价值,其分析为了解生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的联系提供了重要信息。越来越多的研究调查了人为干扰对哺乳动物功能多样性的影响;然而,这些研究的结果却很不一致。在此,我们对人为干扰对热带地区哺乳动物功能多样性的影响进行了全面的荟萃分析。我们强调了主要趋势,并分析了人为干扰的类型、亚群以及所使用/应用的功能多样性指数的影响。我们的研究结果表明,人为干扰对哺乳动物的功能多样性,尤其是对功能丰富度(FRic)和功能分散度(FDis)有负面影响。栖息地隔离是影响最大的压力源,而农业和城市化则与功能多样性呈正相关。这些结果表明,人为干扰不仅会影响分类多样性,还会降低哺乳动物的功能多样性,这很可能会影响生态系统的功能,甚至可能影响生态系统服务的提供。
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引用次数: 0
The hot sex: is there evidence for climate-driven sex allocation in mammals? 性感:有证据表明哺乳动物的性别分配受气候影响吗?
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12355
Renée C. Firman

气候变化预测表明,未来的气候条件将更加炎热和干燥,降雨量也将更加多变。气候条件会影响个体状况,并决定后代的性别比例。气候变化对哺乳动物性别分配的影响是巨大的,但目前人们对其了解甚少。有几种情况可能会出现气候驱动的性别分配反应。在这里,我预测了在更热、更旱的条件下,资源供应受限和社会/空间结构改变的假设情况下,后代性别比例偏差的方向。我在文献中搜索了在野生种群中研究个体的后代性别比偏差受气候影响的现有证据。在 30 项关于气候变量和后代性别比的研究中,并没有发现在 "好 "或 "差 "气候条件下产生儿子或女儿的强有力的方向性支持。我还在文献中搜索了评估自然种群中母性条件和后代性别比的研究(即气候、资源可用性和母性条件之间存在联系)。在这 27 项调查中,有一半报告了母亲 "良好 "条件下所生子的偏好(56%)。我讨论了这一结果如何可能是由于发表偏差造成的,或者它可能表明,资源可用性低有可能导致母亲状况不佳和生育较少的儿子。我考虑了气候导致的后代性别比例失调在种群水平上的保护意义。我讨论了能够解释自然种群中影响后代性别比的多种因素所面临的挑战,并强调在哺乳动物进化生态学的这一重要领域越来越需要更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological adaptations to semi-aquatic habits: the thermogenic macronutrient intake of the Eurasian otter 对半水栖习性的生理适应:欧亚水獭的产热宏量营养素摄入量
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-21 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12354
Lara Baggio, Giacomo Mosconi, Paolo Tremolada, Alessandro Nessi, Alessandro Balestrieri

在水中保持热平衡是半水栖哺乳动物面临的一大挑战,这需要在形态、行为和生理方面做出适应性调整。觅食策略和食物诱导产热(DIT)有助于在寒冷环境中调节体温。由于不同常量营养素的诱导产热不同,半水栖哺乳动物可能会调节其常量营养素的比例,以提高体温调节能力。我们通过查阅欧洲各地有关水獭饮食的现有文献,并通过实验室分析评估构成水獭主要食物的非商业鱼类的营养成分,估计了一种广泛分布的半水栖鼬科动物--欧亚水獭的营养摄入目标。蛋白质能量的平均百分比高于典型的超肉食动物,并且随着水温的降低而呈上升趋势。蛋白质消化引起的生热效应所提供的额外热源可能有助于平衡热量损失,补偿蛋白质摄入过量所带来的成本。如果像化石记录所显示的那样,半水栖习性是在水獭的 "鱼类专家 "牙齿发育之后出现的,那么以鱼类为主食的生热效应可能促进了水獭与水栖息地之间的密切关系。
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引用次数: 0
Is dirofilariosis an emerging conservation threat in wild carnivores across the Palearctic? 在整个古北区的野生食肉动物中,丝虫病是否是一种新出现的保护威胁?
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12353
Tamara Szentiványi, László Z. Garamszegi

Dirofilaria species are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.

双鞭毛虫是由蚊子传播的丝状线虫,对兽医和公共卫生具有重要意义,但越来越多的证据也表明它们经常出现在野生动物中。野生动物可能在双鞭毛虫病的维持、传播和扩散中扮演重要角色,但我们对驱动这些宿主感染动态的生态和环境过程知之甚少。在此,我们总结了目前有关古北区食肉动物宿主物种和地理位置中狄氏丝虫属分布的知识。总结强调了其中一些食肉动物物种可能是病原体的重要贮藏地,并指出了野外监测和监控这种宿主-寄生虫系统的研究趋势和偏差。此外,我们还提供了未来研究的方向,以便更好地了解这些寄生虫可能对野生哺乳动物造成的威胁。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Mammal Review
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