Mammal Review最新文献_第2页

The Knowledge of Tuberculosis in Pinnipeds 鳍足类动物对结核病的认识

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70012

Ailin Sosa Drouville, Martha Patricia Rincón-Díaz, Soledad Barandiaran, María Soledad Leonardi

Infectious diseases, especially zoonoses, have gained attention after the COVID-19 pandemic. The One Health approach is crucial for understanding and preventing infectious agent spread. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), has been reported in pinnipeds.
This updated systematic review aimed to:
1. Summarize cases of tuberculosis (TB) in pinnipeds reported in scientific literature worldwide from 1913 to 2024.
2. To map the geographical distribution of cases and identify geographical gaps in the detection of MTBC in this group of marine mammals.
3. Record the diagnostic techniques used to detect disease and the etiological agent, depending on whether the animals were in captivity or free-living conditions.
We conducted a systematic review following standardised protocols across major scientific databases, using four keyword strings. We included literature reporting TB cases in pinnipeds over a period of 111 years.
Two mycobacteria (M. pinnipedii and M. bovis), belonging to MTBC, were documented in 12 pinniped species from 12 countries, as well as M. smegmatis. Argentina and Australia stand out as the countries with the most publications documenting TB in pinnipeds. Among the 12 countries, New Zealand stands out by reporting infections in wild and captive individuals of five pinniped species.
Our results indicate that zoonotic TB is present in several regions; however, we identified important geographic information gaps in areas with a high density of pinnipeds.
We highlights the role of pinnipeds as both susceptible hosts and vectors of TB, a globally distributed disease that affects wild and captive populations. The presence of TB in these populations represents a significant risk to both animal and public health, particularly in regions with intense human-wildlife interactions, such as ecotourism areas, rehabilitation centers, and wildlife parks.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后，传染病特别是人畜共患病引起了人们的关注。“同一个健康”方法对于理解和预防传染病传播至关重要。结核分枝杆菌复合体（MTBC），已报道在鳍足动物。这篇更新的系统综述旨在：总结1913年至2024年全球科学文献中报道的鳍足类动物结核病病例。绘制病例的地理分布图，并确定在这组海洋哺乳动物中检测MTBC方面的地理差距。记录用于检测疾病和病原的诊断技术，这取决于动物是在圈养条件下还是在自由生活条件下。我们使用四个关键字串，按照标准化协议对主要科学数据库进行了系统评价。我们纳入了报告111年期间鳍足类中结核病病例的文献。在来自12个国家的12种鳍足动物和耻毛支原体中发现了属于MTBC的2种分枝杆菌（平尼蒂支原体和牛支原体）。阿根廷和澳大利亚是记录鳍足类结核病的出版物最多的国家。在12个国家中，新西兰因报告了五种鳍足动物的野生和圈养个体感染而脱颖而出。我们的结果表明，在一些地区存在人畜共患结核病；然而，我们在鳍足类密度高的地区发现了重要的地理信息缺口。我们强调鳍足类动物作为结核病易感宿主和媒介的作用，结核病是一种影响野生和圈养种群的全球分布疾病。这些人群中结核病的存在对动物和公共卫生构成重大风险，特别是在生态旅游区、康复中心和野生动物公园等人类与野生动物相互作用强烈的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Wild Prey and Livestock Predation by Native Carnivores: A Global Review 本土食肉动物的野生猎物和家畜捕食：全球综述

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70013

Lucas Alquinta, Ana Paola Yusti-Muñoz, Javier A. Simonetti

Background

Conflict arising from livestock predation by wild carnivores represents a major conservation challenge, due to the retaliatory persecution carnivores face upon preying on domestic livestock. Evidence-based information is crucial in designing strategies aimed at reducing domestic animal losses and, consequently, carnivores' persecution. Among the primary ecological factors driving livestock predation, the abundance of wild prey and livestock in the environment stands out.

Aims

In this study we aimed to assess, through a systematic literature review, the thresholds at which changes in livestock predation occur relative to the abundance of wild or domestic prey in the environment. Additionally, we sought to comprehend the current state of knowledge related to the diet of carnivores involved in predation conflicts.

Main Results

After reviewing 160 studies on carnivore diets, including 60 that estimated both wild and domestic prey biomass in the environment, in the context of livestock predation, we found that wild prey biomass is the primary predictor of livestock predation by wild carnivores, surpassing factors like livestock biomass, carnivore weight, and livestock protection measures. The frequency of livestock occurrence in carnivore diets is negatively related to wild prey biomass. Thus, below a threshold of 793 kg/km² livestock predation probability increases. Additionally, we found notable trends in research focused on larger carnivores such as Canis lupus and Panthera uncia, particularly in geographic areas like the Himalayas and the Apennine Mountains.

Conclusions

These findings support evidence-based solutions to livestock predation conflict by maintaining, when possible, natural prey populations in the environment above the 793 kg/km² threshold that should reduce the magnitude of livestock predation, allowing us to drive management efforts to conserve wild carnivores and their wild prey in productive areas such as livestock systems.

野生食肉动物捕食家畜引起的冲突是一个重大的保护挑战，因为食肉动物在捕食家畜时面临报复性迫害。基于证据的信息对于设计旨在减少家畜损失的策略至关重要，从而减少食肉动物的迫害。在驱动家畜捕食的主要生态因素中，野生猎物和家畜在环境中的丰度最为突出。在本研究中，我们旨在通过系统的文献综述来评估相对于环境中野生或家养猎物的丰度，牲畜捕食发生变化的阈值。此外，我们试图了解与食肉动物的饮食有关的知识的现状，这些食肉动物参与了捕食冲突。通过对160项关于食肉动物食性的研究（包括60项野外和家养猎物生物量的研究）的综述，我们发现，在家畜捕食的背景下，野生猎物生物量是野生食肉动物捕食家畜的主要预测因子，超过了家畜生物量、食肉动物体重和家畜保护措施等因素。在食肉动物的饮食中，牲畜出现的频率与野生猎物生物量呈负相关。因此，低于793 kg/km2的阈值，牲畜捕食概率增加。此外，我们还发现了对大型食肉动物（如狼犬和美洲豹）的研究的显著趋势，特别是在喜马拉雅山和亚平宁山脉等地理区域。这些研究结果支持以证据为基础的解决方案，通过尽可能将环境中的自然猎物数量维持在793 kg/km2以上的阈值，从而减少牲畜捕食的规模，使我们能够推动管理工作，以保护牲畜系统等生产区域的野生食肉动物及其野生猎物。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Personality in Wild Small Mammals: A Review of Methods and Proposal for a Standardised Approach 野生小型哺乳动物个性测量：方法综述及标准化方法建议

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70010

Sara Savazza, Margaret R. Merz, Alessio Mortelliti

Background

In recent years, the study of animal personality has gained significant attention in ecology and evolutionary biology. Small mammals are one of the most frequently studied mammalian taxa in this field, and their personality significantly impacts ecological outcomes. However, a review focused on the materials and methods to study wild small mammal personality is lacking.

Aims

To address this gap, we aim to (1) identify the most consistent assays for measuring specific personality traits in wild species and (2) propose a standardised experimental design, detailing optimal arena size, shape and material, as well as standardised testing conditions and experimental procedures and highlighting critical aspects which require validation. Moreover, we (3) report a clear interpretation of the most commonly measured behavioural traits and the methods employed for their analysis.

Material and Methods

Our review synthesises findings from 133 articles covering 54 species in a variety of habitats, ranging from the Canadian boreal forests to the semi-desert regions of South Africa. We found a concerning lack of standardisation in research methodologies, especially for key features such as the shape and size of arenas for behavioural assays and test duration. We observed considerable variability in how behavioural traits were interpreted. Nevertheless, we identified a suite of tests and interpretations of behaviours that allow for efficient processing of animals and produce consistent results in both field and laboratory settings.

Conclusion

We conclude with five recommendations for a standardised approach to enhance the comparability of results and advance the field of wild small mammal personality research.

近年来，动物个性的研究在生态学和进化生物学领域受到了广泛的关注。小型哺乳动物是该领域研究最多的哺乳动物类群之一，它们的个性对生态结果有重要影响。然而，目前对野生小哺乳动物人格研究的材料和方法还缺乏深入的研究。为了解决这一差距，我们的目标是：(1)确定测量野生物种特定人格特征的最一致的分析方法；(2)提出标准化的实验设计，详细说明最佳竞技场大小、形状和材料，以及标准化的测试条件和实验程序，并突出需要验证的关键方面。此外，我们(3)报告了对最常见的测量行为特征及其分析方法的清晰解释。材料和方法我们的综述综合了133篇文章的发现，涵盖了从加拿大北方森林到南非半沙漠地区的各种栖息地的54个物种。我们发现研究方法缺乏标准化，特别是对于关键特征，如用于行为分析的场所的形状和大小以及测试持续时间。我们观察到在行为特征的解释上存在相当大的差异。然而，我们确定了一套测试和行为解释，允许有效处理动物，并在现场和实验室环境中产生一致的结果。结论为提高研究结果的可比性，促进野生小哺乳动物人格研究的发展，提出了五项标准化研究建议。

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引用次数: 0

Question the Mark: A Review and Assessment of Bat Marking Practices 质疑标记：蝙蝠标记实践的回顾与评估

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70009

Susan C. Loeb, Joy M. O'Keefe, Robert M. R. Barclay, Alyssa B. Bennett, Ashleigh B. Cable, Sarah M. Gaulke, Fernando Gual-Suárez, Vona Kuczynska, Cori L. Lausen, Samara Pérez-Harp, Bradford J. Westrich

Background

It is often necessary to mark bats through tagging or other means to obtain essential information on their demography, movements and behaviour. However, marks may have lethal or sublethal effects and hence may bias study results. Understanding the effects of marks on bats will allow researchers and managers to develop guidelines to minimise effects.

Aims

Our aim was to review the effects and efficacy of marking techniques used on bats. Our objectives were to (1) describe marks currently used in bat research to identify motivations for marking, trends in commonly used types of marks and trends in the reporting of efficacy and injury rates in the recent literature, and (2) synthesise the body of literature on effects and efficacies of marking.

Methods

We conducted a targeted literature review and a systematic literature review. In the targeted review, we examined all papers on bat marking published from 2013 to 2022 in three bat- or mammal-focused journals to identify trends in bat marking over the past decade. The systematic review was a general review of papers that reported on the effects and efficacy of bat marking from the early 1900s to the present.

Results

Our targeted review found that researchers rarely report the effects of marks on bats and many papers fail to provide details of the marks and marking procedures. Our systematic review found that the effects of marks ranged from minor irritation and behavioural changes to potentially life-threatening injuries, such as changes in body condition; fewer deleterious effects have been reported from newer marking procedures such as passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags.

Conclusions

Further research on marking effects is needed, as well as more thorough reporting in the literature of marks and their effects so that useful guidelines can be developed.

通常有必要通过标记或其他方法对蝙蝠进行标记，以获得有关蝙蝠的人口、运动和行为的基本信息。然而，标记可能具有致死或亚致死作用，因此可能会影响研究结果。了解标记对蝙蝠的影响将使研究人员和管理人员能够制定指导方针，以尽量减少影响。我们的目的是回顾对蝙蝠使用的标记技术的影响和功效。我们的目标是(1)描述目前在蝙蝠研究中使用的标记，以确定标记的动机，常用标记类型的趋势以及最近文献中功效和伤害率报告的趋势，以及(2)综合关于标记的效果和功效的文献。方法进行针对性文献综述和系统文献综述。在目标综述中，我们检查了2013年至2022年在三种以蝙蝠或哺乳动物为重点的期刊上发表的所有关于蝙蝠标记的论文，以确定过去十年蝙蝠标记的趋势。系统综述是对从20世纪初到现在关于蝙蝠标记的效果和功效的论文的一般性综述。我们的目标综述发现，研究人员很少报告标记对蝙蝠的影响，许多论文没有提供标记和标记程序的细节。我们的系统回顾发现，标记的影响范围从轻微的刺激和行为改变到潜在的危及生命的伤害，例如身体状况的改变；较新的标记程序（如无源集成应答器（PIT）标签）的有害影响较少。结论需要对标记效应进行进一步的研究，并在标记及其影响的文献中进行更全面的报道，以便制定有用的指南。

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引用次数: 0

Frugivory by the Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) and Its Seed Dispersal Potential: A Review 食蟹狐（Cerdocyon thousand）的果性及其种子传播潜力研究进展

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70008

Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho, Liana Chesini Rossi, Marco A. Pizo

Despite strong evidence supporting the role of canids as seed dispersers in the Neotropics, they have often been overlooked in seed dispersal studies. The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) stands out as a key species due to its frequent fruit consumption, generalist habitat use, and wide geographic range.
This review evaluates current knowledge of C. thous frugivory and seed dispersal, identifying the most frequently consumed fruit species and assessing dispersal performance.
We conducted a literature review, compiling data from 37 studies on dietary composition, fruit consumption, and seed dispersal performance across C. thous geographical distribution.
Most studies were conducted in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pampa. Fruits are frequent in C. thous diet (mean Frequency of Occurrence = 62.3% ± 33.1%, n = 29 studies), with 128 fruit species recorded from 81 genera and 43 families. The most frequently consumed species include Syagrus romanzoffiana, Hovenia dulcis, Psidium guajava, and Solanum lycocarpum. Consumed fruits and seeds range widely in size (4.0–296.0 mm and 0.5–125.0 mm in width, respectively).
C. thous is a legitimate disperser: Seeds are defecated intact, remain viable post-ingestion, and gut-passage has neutral effects on germination. It disperses large seeds, such as S. romanzoffiana and Artocarpus heterophyllus, and tends to defecate in open areas, favouring long-distance dispersal.
These features suggest that C. thous plays a key ecological role, especially in disturbed habitats lacking larger dispersers.

尽管有强有力的证据支持犬科动物在新热带地区作为种子传播者的作用，但它们在种子传播研究中经常被忽视。食蟹狐（Cerdocyon thousand）因其频繁食用水果、广泛的栖息地使用和广泛的地理分布而成为关键物种。这篇综述评估了目前关于千栗果实和种子传播的知识，确定了最常被食用的果实种类并评估了传播性能。我们进行了文献综述，收集了来自37项研究的数据，这些数据来自于不同地理分布的黄杨的膳食组成、果实消耗和种子传播性能。大多数研究是在大西洋森林、塞拉多和潘帕进行的。结果表明，千叶蛾食性水果较多，平均出现频率为62.3%±33.1%，共29份研究，记录43科81属128种水果。最常食用的品种包括罗马山茱萸（Syagrus romanzoffiana）、丁香（Hovenia dulcis）、番石榴（Psidium guajava）和番茄茄（Solanum lycocarpum）。食用的水果和种子大小不一（分别为4.0-296.0毫米和0.5-125.0毫米宽）。C. thous是一种合法的传播者：种子完整地排出体外，摄入后仍能存活，肠道通过对发芽的影响是中性的。它散布大种子，如S. romanzoffiana和Artocarpus heterophyllus，并倾向于在开阔地区排便，有利于远距离传播。这些特征表明，在缺乏大型分散体的受干扰生境中，棘草起着关键的生态作用。

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引用次数: 0

Scat DNA Applications for Low-Density Carnivore Survey: Techniques, Efficiency and Future Directions 粪便DNA在低密度食肉动物调查中的应用：技术、效率和未来方向

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70007

Marina Elisa de Oliveira, Fernando Gonçalves, Pedro M. Galetti Jr

Background

Large and mesocarnivores often occur at low densities due to both natural factors and human activities. Consequently, the noninvasive collection of carnivore data, such as scats for genetic analyses, provides a robust alternative to capture-based data.

Aims

In this review, we focussed on low-density carnivores to answer the following questions: What are the applications for scat-derived DNA samples? What is the sampling effort required and how efficient is scat DNA for detecting species compared to other methods? What are the methodological advances in scat DNA analyses?

Material & Methods

We systematicaly compiled the results of 338 studies applying scat DNA as a reliable source of genetic material for a myriad of applications. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe, encompassing mainly Felidae, Canidae and Mustelidae species.

Results and Discussion

In general, studies recommend allowing enough time for scats to accumulate in the field, but collecting before significant DNA degradation occurs. Storage and extraction can be successfully achieved using various methods, although commercial extraction kits have become more widely used over time. However, scat samples show an inherent high variability in amplification success rate. Considering the collection of scats on transects, the average distance travelled to encounter a molecularly identified scat was 6.9 km. Faecal DNA was found to be more and equally efficient in detecting the number of individuals and the species present, respectively, compared to alternative methods.

Conclusion

The information presented here should guide new studies focussing on low-density carnivores, providing a basis for more cost-effective surveys and improving data quality for carnivore conservation.

由于自然因素和人类活动的影响，大型和中食肉动物经常以低密度出现。因此，食肉动物数据的非侵入性收集，如用于基因分析的粪便，为基于捕获的数据提供了一个可靠的替代方案。本文以低密度食肉动物为研究对象，旨在回答以下问题：粪便DNA样本的应用前景如何？取样需要付出多大的努力？与其他方法相比，scat DNA检测物种的效率如何？粪便DNA分析的方法学进展是什么？材料和方法我们系统地汇编了338项研究的结果，这些研究将粪便DNA作为遗传物质的可靠来源，用于无数的应用。大多数研究在亚洲和欧洲进行，主要包括Felidae， Canidae和mustelae物种。总的来说，研究建议让粪便有足够的时间在田间积累，但要在显著的DNA降解发生之前收集。储存和提取可以通过各种方法成功实现，尽管随着时间的推移，商业提取试剂盒已得到更广泛的应用。然而，粪便样品在扩增成功率上表现出固有的高变异性。考虑到在横断面上收集粪便，遇到分子识别粪便的平均距离为6.9 km。与其他方法相比，发现粪便DNA在检测个体数量和存在的物种方面效率更高，效率同样高。结论本文提供的信息可指导开展低密度食肉动物的新研究，为开展更具成本效益的调查提供依据，提高食肉动物保护的数据质量。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological and Behavioural Strategies of Bats From Arid Environments 干旱环境下蝙蝠的生理和行为策略

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70005

Irene Conenna, Agustí Muñoz-Garcia, Carmi Korine

引用次数: 0

From Water to Land: A Review on the Applications of Environmental DNA and Invertebrate-Derived DNA for Monitoring Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Mammals 从水到陆：环境DNA和无脊椎动物来源DNA在陆生和半水生哺乳动物监测中的应用综述

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70006

Holly A. Broadhurst, Naiara Guimarães Sales, Robert Raynor, Claire Howe, Erinma Ochu, Xavier Lambin, Christopher S. Sutherland, Allan D. McDevitt

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals are facing increasing threats globally, highlighting the need for reliable data on species' occurrence, distribution, and abundance for effective conservation efforts. However, obtaining reliable and robust information over broad spatial and temporal scales remains a significant challenge.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) applications have emerged as powerful surveying methods, with the potential to revolutionise ecological monitoring by improving species detections and providing better insights into mammalian distribution and diversity. While eDNA relies on genetic material shed by species into their surroundings, iDNA leverages DNA from invertebrates that interact with mammals. Both approaches offer a cost-effective means to obtain species records and community diversity metrics.
This review explores global applications of e/iDNA for surveying terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammals. By providing a comprehensive overview of the applications, sampling design, challenges, and prospects, this review serves as a guide to researchers and conservationists seeking to use eDNA for mammalian conservation efforts.
By evaluating the current state of e/iDNA applications, this review identifies the challenges and milestones that need to be addressed for these methods to become a practical method for monitoring mammals on a global scale. It highlights the need for further research to enhance the sensitivity and reliability of e/iDNA detections, standardisation of methodologies, and validation through comparison with traditional monitoring methods. This review sheds light on the potential of e/iDNA as valuable tools for aiding mammal conservation and inspiring future research and advancements in this field.

陆生和半水生哺乳动物在全球范围内面临着越来越多的威胁，这凸显了对物种发生、分布和丰度的可靠数据的需求，以进行有效的保护工作。然而，在广泛的空间和时间尺度上获得可靠和可靠的信息仍然是一个重大挑战。环境DNA （eDNA）和无脊椎动物衍生DNA （iDNA）的应用已经成为一种强大的测量方法，有可能通过改进物种检测和更好地了解哺乳动物的分布和多样性来彻底改变生态监测。虽然eDNA依赖于物种传播到周围环境的遗传物质，但iDNA利用了与哺乳动物相互作用的无脊椎动物的DNA。这两种方法都是获得物种记录和群落多样性指标的一种经济有效的方法。本文综述了e/iDNA在陆地和半水生哺乳动物调查中的全球应用。通过对应用、采样设计、挑战和前景的全面概述，本综述可作为研究人员和保护主义者寻求使用eDNA进行哺乳动物保护工作的指南。通过评估e/iDNA应用的现状，本综述确定了这些方法要成为全球范围内监测哺乳动物的实用方法需要解决的挑战和里程碑。它强调需要进一步研究以提高e/iDNA检测的灵敏度和可靠性，方法的标准化，并通过与传统监测方法的比较进行验证。这一综述揭示了e/iDNA作为帮助哺乳动物保护的有价值工具的潜力，并启发了该领域未来的研究和进展。

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引用次数: 0

Practical Application of Disease Risk Assessment in Native Species Reintroductions: A Case Study of a European Wildcat (Felis silvestris) Population Reinforcement in the Cairngorms National Park 疾病风险评估在本地物种再引入中的实际应用——以凯恩戈姆国家公园欧洲野猫种群强化为例

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70004

Alice Bacon, Beatriz S. G. Alves, Simon Girling, Adam Naylor

Background

European wildcats (Felis silvestris) are the recent focus of conservation breeding for reintroduction in the UK. Wildlife translocations pose potential disease risks to translocated individuals, sympatric wildlife, livestock and humans.

Aims

We conducted disease risk assessment to inform risk mitigation for the proposed Saving Wildcats reintroduction to the Cairngorms National Park area, Scotland, UK.

Materials and Methods

A four-step process was followed: 1) translocation pathway definition; 2) hazard identification; 3) risk assessment, and 4) risk management and re-evaluation.

Results

The highest risk hazards identified were five infectious diseases; Feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline parvovirus, feline leukaemia virus and Salmonella species, and three anthropogenic threats; hybridisation with domestic cats, persecution and road traffic accidents.

Discussion

Implementation of mitigation reduced the assessment of these high risk hazards to either medium or low, with the anthropogenic threats, FIV and starvation remaining the highest risks.

Conclusion

The risk of introducing significant disease to humans, domestic animals, or wildlife by releasing captive-bred wildcats was assessed as low.

欧洲野猫（Felis silvestris）是最近在英国重新引入的保护育种的焦点。野生动物易位对易位的个体、同域野生动物、牲畜和人类构成潜在的疾病风险。我们进行了疾病风险评估，为英国苏格兰Cairngorms国家公园地区拟议的拯救野猫重新引入提供风险缓解信息。材料与方法：1)定位易位途径；2)危害识别；3)风险评估；4)风险管理与再评价。结果鉴定出的最高危险因素为5种传染病；猫杯状病毒、猫免疫缺陷病毒、猫细小病毒、猫白血病病毒和沙门氏菌，以及三种人为威胁；与家猫杂交，迫害和道路交通事故。缓解措施的实施将这些高风险危害的评估降至中等或较低水平，人为威胁、FIV和饥饿仍然是最高风险。结论放养野猫向人类、家畜或野生动物传播重大疾病的风险较低。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the Drivers of Ocelot Population Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Methodological and Ecological Influences 探索豹猫种群密度的驱动因素：方法和生态影响的系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 4.4 2区生物学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Mammal Review

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/mam.70002

Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Juliano A. Bogoni, Vinicius Alberici, Anthony J. Giordano, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz

Background

Camera trapping associated with capture–recapture models is commonly used to estimate wild felid population density, relying on three main frameworks: spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) and two non-spatial approaches (CR-MMDM and CR-hMMDM). Methodological differences, inappropriate sampling designs, and/or insufficient data explain some estimate variability, but the biological factors underpinning this remain undetermined. Prey availability, habitat suitability, and body size may all interact and influence carnivoran population size and density.

Aims

We aimed to (1) survey ocelot population density data and summarise information on study designs, methodological approaches, and results, (2) evaluate the relationships between them, (3) disentangle methodological and ecological effects on population density estimates, and (4) provide guidance to improve study design and reporting.

Materials & Methods

Our systematic review discovered 51 studies reporting 228 ocelot population density estimates from 65 sites across 13 countries. We collated ocelot body mass data (BM) and used forest canopy height (GFCH) as a surrogate for habitat suitability, as well as gross primary productivity seasonality (GPP variation) as a proxy for prey availability. Using a meta-analytical framework, we created models to (1) determine mean ocelot population density in the Neotropics and to assess the effects of (2) methodological and (3) ecological variables on population density estimates.

Results

Mean population density was 20.3/100 km², with significant differences among methods. SECR and CR-MMDM yielded comparable estimates (16.6/100 km² and 18.9/100 km², respectively), while CR-hMMDM produced higher estimates (27.3/100 km²). We found significant positive and negative effects of GFCH and BM, respectively, and a marginally significant negative effect of GPP variation on estimates.

Discussion

Ocelots thrive in forests with higher canopies, but their population density is limited by local habitat seasonality. Morphological differences further influence variation, with small-bodied populations attaining higher population densities under similar ecological conditions.

Conclusion

Based on our findings, we provide guideline

与捕获-再捕获模型相关的背景摄像机捕获通常用于估计野生野地种群密度，依赖于三个主要框架：空间显式捕获-再捕获（SECR）和两种非空间方法（CR-MMDM和CR-hMMDM）。方法差异、不适当的抽样设计和/或数据不足解释了一些估计变异性，但支撑这一点的生物因素仍未确定。猎物的可用性、栖息地的适宜性和体型都可能相互作用并影响食肉动物的种群大小和密度。我们的目的是(1)调查豹猫种群密度数据，总结研究设计、方法方法和结果的信息；(2)评估它们之间的关系；(3)解开方法和生态对种群密度估计的影响；(4)为改进研究设计和报告提供指导。材料和方法我们的系统综述发现了51项研究报告了来自13个国家65个地点的228个豹猫种群密度估计。我们整理了豹猫的体重数据（BM），并使用森林冠层高度（GFCH）作为栖息地适宜性的替代指标，以及总初级生产力季节性（GPP变化）作为猎物可用性的替代指标。使用元分析框架，我们创建了模型来(1)确定新热带地区的平均豹猫种群密度，并评估(2)方法变量和(3)生态变量对种群密度估计的影响。结果平均种群密度为20.3/100 km2，不同方法间差异有统计学意义。SECR和CR-MMDM产生的估计值相当（分别为16.6/100 km2和18.9/100 km2），而CR-hMMDM产生的估计值更高（27.3/100 km2）。我们发现GFCH和BM分别有显著的正面和负面影响，而GPP变化对估计值有轻微显著的负面影响。豹猫在树冠较高的森林中茁壮成长，但它们的人口密度受到当地栖息地季节性的限制。形态差异进一步影响变异，在相似的生态条件下，体型小的种群密度更高。基于我们的研究结果，我们提供了提高研究设计、方法学方法和一般报告的准确性和标准化的指南。改进这些方面将加强豹猫种群密度估计的可比性和可靠性。

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