The positive relationship between biodiversity and beaver‐modified habitats such as ponds, dams, and canals has been demonstrated; however, the association between biodiversity and beaver lodges is rarely investigated. Due to increasing habitat fragmentation, there is a growing need to identify local biodiversity hotspots.This systematic review assessed current scientific knowledge concerning the association between beaver lodges and biodiversity. Specifically, the study aimed to 1) investigate the evidence for beaver lodges being local biodiversity hotspots; 2) identify areas of future research centred around the relationship between biodiversity and beaver lodges; and 3) provide recommendations on how to monitor the relationship between biodiversity and beaver lodges within the UK.Through a stepwise process of database searching and literature sorting, a final dataset of 35 articles emerged, with each article including at least one species, besides beavers, interacting with beaver lodges.Analysis of the final dataset of articles showed beaver lodges offer multiple uses and fitness benefits for several species in highly seasonal environments, with daily and seasonal visitor variation influenced by intraspecific and interspecific interactions. Beaver lodges were shown to have higher species richness and diversity compared to microhabitats in the surrounding areas, supporting the concept of beaver lodges being local biodiversity hotspots.We recommend that future studies use videographic methodology to monitor beaver lodges and other treatment groups in the surrounding area. Using the described methodology, beaver management plans should monitor beaver lodges across the northern hemisphere, helping to further understand these important local biodiversity hotspots.
{"title":"A systematic literature review investigating the association between biodiversity and beaver lodges","authors":"Jude Banks Wilson, Samantha Bremner‐Harrison","doi":"10.1111/mam.12363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12363","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>The positive relationship between biodiversity and beaver‐modified habitats such as ponds, dams, and canals has been demonstrated; however, the association between biodiversity and beaver lodges is rarely investigated. Due to increasing habitat fragmentation, there is a growing need to identify local biodiversity hotspots.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>This systematic review assessed current scientific knowledge concerning the association between beaver lodges and biodiversity. Specifically, the study aimed to 1) investigate the evidence for beaver lodges being local biodiversity hotspots; 2) identify areas of future research centred around the relationship between biodiversity and beaver lodges; and 3) provide recommendations on how to monitor the relationship between biodiversity and beaver lodges within the UK.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Through a stepwise process of database searching and literature sorting, a final dataset of 35 articles emerged, with each article including at least one species, besides beavers, interacting with beaver lodges.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Analysis of the final dataset of articles showed beaver lodges offer multiple uses and fitness benefits for several species in highly seasonal environments, with daily and seasonal visitor variation influenced by intraspecific and interspecific interactions. Beaver lodges were shown to have higher species richness and diversity compared to microhabitats in the surrounding areas, supporting the concept of beaver lodges being local biodiversity hotspots.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We recommend that future studies use videographic methodology to monitor beaver lodges and other treatment groups in the surrounding area. Using the described methodology, beaver management plans should monitor beaver lodges across the northern hemisphere, helping to further understand these important local biodiversity hotspots.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation efforts are challenged by lack of funding and ambiguity in strategic prioritisation. Flagship species generate public attention but may not adequately represent and protect biodiversity. Integrating species‐centric approaches with area‐based strategies may refine conservation outcomes and could improve achievements towards biodiversity targets.We present this case for a globally appealing flagship species, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).We identified research trends and gaps, and estimated the biodiversity value associated with cheetah occurrence throughout its free‐ranging distribution.Although the existing body of literature encompasses insights from diverse interdisciplinary approaches, current knowledge is mostly derived from a limited number of localised study areas, whereas most populations are understudied. Cheetahs inhabit more than half of Africa's ecoregions and their contemporary occurrence coincides with areas valuable for biodiversity conservation, in particular, closer to the equator where ecoregions are poorly protected and human footprint is high.Cheetah conservation efforts could yield substantial biodiversity benefits, particularly outside protected areas, thereby complementing current area protection networks. Growing pressures on remaining habitat will require adaptive conservation strategies; hence, it becomes imperative to embrace a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to the protection of cheetahs, a flagship species for drylands and landscapes shared with humans.
{"title":"From popularity to preservation: large carnivore potential for ecosystem conservation","authors":"Stijn Verschueren, Hans Bauer, Bogdan Cristescu, Herwig Leirs, Carolina Torres‐Uribe, Laurie Marker","doi":"10.1111/mam.12365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12365","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Conservation efforts are challenged by lack of funding and ambiguity in strategic prioritisation. Flagship species generate public attention but may not adequately represent and protect biodiversity. Integrating species‐centric approaches with area‐based strategies may refine conservation outcomes and could improve achievements towards biodiversity targets.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We present this case for a globally appealing flagship species, the cheetah (<jats:italic>Acinonyx jubatus</jats:italic>).</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We identified research trends and gaps, and estimated the biodiversity value associated with cheetah occurrence throughout its free‐ranging distribution.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Although the existing body of literature encompasses insights from diverse interdisciplinary approaches, current knowledge is mostly derived from a limited number of localised study areas, whereas most populations are understudied. Cheetahs inhabit more than half of Africa's ecoregions and their contemporary occurrence coincides with areas valuable for biodiversity conservation, in particular, closer to the equator where ecoregions are poorly protected and human footprint is high.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Cheetah conservation efforts could yield substantial biodiversity benefits, particularly outside protected areas, thereby complementing current area protection networks. Growing pressures on remaining habitat will require adaptive conservation strategies; hence, it becomes imperative to embrace a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to the protection of cheetahs, a flagship species for drylands and landscapes shared with humans.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas van Schaik, Marijke van Kuijk, E. H. M. Sterck
Conservation successes in Europe have sparked the recovery of apex predators, which may affect the populations of mesopredators. The mesopredator release hypothesis (MRH) predicts that a decline in apex predators triggers a ‘release’ of mesopredators from suppression. We expanded the MRH to include predictions of inverse responses following increases in apex predator abundance or distribution. We examined European mesopredator responses to changes in apex predator populations and evaluated the extended MRH's explanatory power. We examined the results of 47 studies on European predators for supporting evidence, mixed evidence, no evidence, or contrasting evidence for the extended MRH. Out of 38 apex predator – mesopredator pairings, 10 predominantly supported the extended MRH, while others provided limited or no support. In 23 instances across 17 pairings, mesopredator responses contradicted predictions. Initial findings suggest the extended MRH better predicts mesopredator responses in pairings with intermediate to large body size differences and in pairings where mesopredators primarily hunt. Our results reveal non‐uniform mesopredator responses to changing apex predator populations. This emphasises the complexity of predator interactions, which extends beyond suppression. We suggest the MRH's scope is more restricted than previously thought, cautioning against overreliance on the MRH as a default expectation for European mesopredator responses to apex predator population changes.
{"title":"Understanding mesopredator responses to changes in apex predator populations in Europe: implications for the mesopredator release hypothesis","authors":"Thomas van Schaik, Marijke van Kuijk, E. H. M. Sterck","doi":"10.1111/mam.12357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12357","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Conservation successes in Europe have sparked the recovery of apex predators, which may affect the populations of mesopredators. The mesopredator release hypothesis (MRH) predicts that a decline in apex predators triggers a ‘release’ of mesopredators from suppression.\u0000\u0000We expanded the MRH to include predictions of inverse responses following increases in apex predator abundance or distribution. We examined European mesopredator responses to changes in apex predator populations and evaluated the extended MRH's explanatory power.\u0000\u0000We examined the results of 47 studies on European predators for supporting evidence, mixed evidence, no evidence, or contrasting evidence for the extended MRH.\u0000\u0000Out of 38 apex predator – mesopredator pairings, 10 predominantly supported the extended MRH, while others provided limited or no support. In 23 instances across 17 pairings, mesopredator responses contradicted predictions. Initial findings suggest the extended MRH better predicts mesopredator responses in pairings with intermediate to large body size differences and in pairings where mesopredators primarily hunt.\u0000\u0000Our results reveal non‐uniform mesopredator responses to changing apex predator populations. This emphasises the complexity of predator interactions, which extends beyond suppression. We suggest the MRH's scope is more restricted than previously thought, cautioning against overreliance on the MRH as a default expectation for European mesopredator responses to apex predator population changes.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paloma Silva Resende, Arleu Barbosa Viana‐Junior, Ricardo S. Bovendorp
Understanding the processes that shape biological communities under a variety of perturbations is a central challenge in ecology and conservation. Mammals contribute to critical functional processes of an ecosystem, such as seed dispersal to maintain forest carbon stocks.The analysis of functional diversity, which measures the range and value of the ecological traits of organisms, provides critical information to understanding the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.A growing number of studies have investigated the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity; however, their results are very heterogeneous.Here, we conduct a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the effects of such anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity in the tropics. We highlight major trends and analyse the influence of the type of anthropogenic disturbance, subgroups, and the functional diversity index used/applied.Our results indicate a negative effect of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity, particularly on functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis). Habitat isolation was the stressor with the strongest effect, while agriculture and urbanisation showed a positive link with functional diversity.These results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances not only affect taxonomic diversity, but also reduce the functional diversity of mammals, which is likely to affect ecosystem functioning and possibly ecosystem service provision.
{"title":"A meta‐analysis of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on tropical mammal functional diversity","authors":"Paloma Silva Resende, Arleu Barbosa Viana‐Junior, Ricardo S. Bovendorp","doi":"10.1111/mam.12356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12356","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Understanding the processes that shape biological communities under a variety of perturbations is a central challenge in ecology and conservation. Mammals contribute to critical functional processes of an ecosystem, such as seed dispersal to maintain forest carbon stocks.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The analysis of functional diversity, which measures the range and value of the ecological traits of organisms, provides critical information to understanding the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A growing number of studies have investigated the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity; however, their results are very heterogeneous.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we conduct a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the effects of such anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity in the tropics. We highlight major trends and analyse the influence of the type of anthropogenic disturbance, subgroups, and the functional diversity index used/applied.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results indicate a negative effect of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity, particularly on functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis). Habitat isolation was the stressor with the strongest effect, while agriculture and urbanisation showed a positive link with functional diversity.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances not only affect taxonomic diversity, but also reduce the functional diversity of mammals, which is likely to affect ecosystem functioning and possibly ecosystem service provision.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The hot sex: is there evidence for climate-driven sex allocation in mammals?","authors":"Renée C. Firman","doi":"10.1111/mam.12355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirofilaria species are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.
{"title":"Is dirofilariosis an emerging conservation threat in wild carnivores across the Palearctic?","authors":"Tamara Szentiványi, László Z. Garamszegi","doi":"10.1111/mam.12353","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Dirofilaria</i> species are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current status of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer and meta-analysis of the effects of phylogenetic distance on embryonic and fetal development","authors":"Laura Adams, Ying Liu, Irina A. Polejaeva","doi":"10.1111/mam.12352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"You lick me, I like you: understanding the function of allogrooming in ungulates","authors":"George M. W. Hodgson, Kate J. Flay, Tania A. Perroux, Alan G. McElligott","doi":"10.1111/mam.12351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of fire on large- and medium-sized mammal communities: what do we know? A review","authors":"Ronny R. Forney, Mary M. Peacock","doi":"10.1111/mam.12350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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