Paloma Silva Resende, Arleu Barbosa Viana‐Junior, Ricardo S. Bovendorp
Understanding the processes that shape biological communities under a variety of perturbations is a central challenge in ecology and conservation. Mammals contribute to critical functional processes of an ecosystem, such as seed dispersal to maintain forest carbon stocks.The analysis of functional diversity, which measures the range and value of the ecological traits of organisms, provides critical information to understanding the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.A growing number of studies have investigated the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity; however, their results are very heterogeneous.Here, we conduct a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the effects of such anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity in the tropics. We highlight major trends and analyse the influence of the type of anthropogenic disturbance, subgroups, and the functional diversity index used/applied.Our results indicate a negative effect of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity, particularly on functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis). Habitat isolation was the stressor with the strongest effect, while agriculture and urbanisation showed a positive link with functional diversity.These results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances not only affect taxonomic diversity, but also reduce the functional diversity of mammals, which is likely to affect ecosystem functioning and possibly ecosystem service provision.
{"title":"A meta‐analysis of the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on tropical mammal functional diversity","authors":"Paloma Silva Resende, Arleu Barbosa Viana‐Junior, Ricardo S. Bovendorp","doi":"10.1111/mam.12356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12356","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Understanding the processes that shape biological communities under a variety of perturbations is a central challenge in ecology and conservation. Mammals contribute to critical functional processes of an ecosystem, such as seed dispersal to maintain forest carbon stocks.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The analysis of functional diversity, which measures the range and value of the ecological traits of organisms, provides critical information to understanding the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A growing number of studies have investigated the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity; however, their results are very heterogeneous.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Here, we conduct a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the effects of such anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity in the tropics. We highlight major trends and analyse the influence of the type of anthropogenic disturbance, subgroups, and the functional diversity index used/applied.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results indicate a negative effect of anthropogenic disturbances on mammalian functional diversity, particularly on functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis). Habitat isolation was the stressor with the strongest effect, while agriculture and urbanisation showed a positive link with functional diversity.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These results indicate that anthropogenic disturbances not only affect taxonomic diversity, but also reduce the functional diversity of mammals, which is likely to affect ecosystem functioning and possibly ecosystem service provision.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The hot sex: is there evidence for climate-driven sex allocation in mammals?","authors":"Renée C. Firman","doi":"10.1111/mam.12355","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dirofilaria species are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.
{"title":"Is dirofilariosis an emerging conservation threat in wild carnivores across the Palearctic?","authors":"Tamara Szentiványi, László Z. Garamszegi","doi":"10.1111/mam.12353","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Dirofilaria</i> species are mosquito-borne filarial nematodes, with a high veterinary and public health importance, but growing evidence also indicates their frequent occurrence in wildlife. Wild animals may play an important role in the maintenance, transmission and spread of dirofilariosis, but we have little understanding of the ecological and environmental processes that drive infection dynamics in these hosts. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the distribution of <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. across carnivore host species and geographic localities in the Palearctic region. This summary highlights that some of these sylvatic species may be important reservoirs of the pathogen, and identifies research trends and biases in the surveillance and monitoring of this host–parasite system in the wild. Furthermore, we provide directions for future research for a better understanding of the threat these parasites may pose to wild mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current status of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer and meta-analysis of the effects of phylogenetic distance on embryonic and fetal development","authors":"Laura Adams, Ying Liu, Irina A. Polejaeva","doi":"10.1111/mam.12352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"387-403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140577644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"You lick me, I like you: understanding the function of allogrooming in ungulates","authors":"George M. W. Hodgson, Kate J. Flay, Tania A. Perroux, Alan G. McElligott","doi":"10.1111/mam.12351","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"373-386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of fire on large- and medium-sized mammal communities: what do we know? A review","authors":"Ronny R. Forney, Mary M. Peacock","doi":"10.1111/mam.12350","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"357-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of small cat ecology and status within India","authors":"Kathan Bandyopadhyay, Kausik Banerjee, Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto, Suman Koley, John L. Koprowski, Qamar Qureshi, Yadvendradev Jhala","doi":"10.1111/mam.12348","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 4","pages":"341-356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleanor R. Scopes, Alice Broome, Katherine Walsh, Jonathan J. Bennie, Robbie A. McDonald
引言 当前的第六次生物大灭绝是由人为威胁造成的，包括气候变化和栖息地破坏（Dirzo 等，2014 年）。这些威胁的严重程度和发生时间各不相同，慢性威胁（如温度变化加剧）有时也表现为急性事件（如极端天气）。使个体在这种威胁时期仍能保持其适应性的特征可能会降低种群局部灭绝的可能性，从而提高物种对气候和资源干扰的适应力。面对气候变化，维持适应能力的一个关键特征可能是热生理。人们已经探讨了气候变化对外温动物和内温动物的预期结果（Buckley 等，2012 年）。然而，人们较少关注异温性，即暂时改变体温的能力，这为探索这些物种如何应对人为压力提供了机会。时间异温性（以下简称异温性）可描述与低温或高热有关的体温变化；然而，我们在此关注的是利用冬眠（McKechnie & Mzilikazi 2011）来暂时降低代谢率和体温，持续时间长短不一。在冬眠期间，个体的能量需求明显降低（Geiser，2013 年），降低了体温调节的成本，并在资源有限和繁殖不太可行的时期节约了能量（Geiser，2013 年；Blanco 等，2018 年）。异温现象在分类学上多种多样的哺乳动物和鸟类中都很明显（Ruf & Geiser 2015, Lovegrove 2017），而且还分布于全球，包括热带地区（McKechnie & Mzilikazi 2011, Nowack et al.由于异温性在内热物种中的系统发育分布广泛，尤其是在单孔目、有袋目和胎盘哺乳动物中的所有早期分支支系中（Lovegrove，2017 年），异温性被认为是这些类群中保守的祖先性状（Grigg et al.时间性异温大致可分为冬眠（多日冬眠）和日冬眠，它们可以冬眠的长度和深度来区分。冬眠持续数周或数月，其间的冬眠时间超过24小时，平均代谢率低于日冬眠（Ruf & Geiser 2015）。由于这种相似性，在以冬眠为主要研究对象的本综述中，我们仍将冬眠（24 小时的冬眠）和日冬眠一分为二。冬眠在许多哺乳动物支系中都有发现，但只有一种鸟类--普通贫嘴鸟（Phalaenoptilus nuttallii）--会冬眠（Ruf & Geiser 2015, Lovegrove 2017）。虽然这两种类型的异温现象似乎都是祖先留下的，但冬眠被认为是基础哺乳动物和鸟类在上一次大灭绝中得以幸存的一种特征（Lovegrove 2017）。与那些每天都在冬眠的动物不同，冬眠的个体可以在几个月内降低新陈代谢的需求，在可能是地下的避难所中经受小行星碰撞的直接影响，并在资源有限的地方经受较长期的生态崩溃和全球变冷（Lovegrove，2017 年）。系统发生学分析（Liow 等人，2008 年、2009 年）有一些证据表明，冬眠会降低物种灭绝的风险，不过这些分析结合了 "睡眠 "特征（包括异温特征和休眠）和 "躲藏 "特征（如使用洞穴）。在化石记录中，具有这些 "睡眠或隐藏 "特征的物种灭绝风险似乎较低（Liow 等，2008 年）。此外，在当代哺乳动物中，具有 "睡眠或隐藏 "特征的物种被世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录列为 "最不受关注 "物种的可能性更大（Liow 等，2009 年）。然而，如果将冬眠与其他 "睡眠或躲藏 "行为分开考虑，并与红色名录的分类进行比较，同时控制系统发育，则这种影响并不显著（Liow等人，2009年），这表明冬眠本身可能无助于减少灭绝的威胁。因此，目前还不清楚冬眠是否会带来优势，从而增加在当前威胁下生存的可能性，以及除了与受威胁状况的广泛相关性外，特定的压力会如何影响冬眠者。在这篇文章中，我们考虑了对冬眠的理解是否可以澄清冬眠的生物学后果与当前压力之间的可能关系。
{"title":"Conservation implications of hibernation in mammals","authors":"Eleanor R. Scopes, Alice Broome, Katherine Walsh, Jonathan J. Bennie, Robbie A. McDonald","doi":"10.1111/mam.12346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mam.12346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":"54 3","pages":"310-324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mam.12346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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