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Mountain ungulate mating systems: patterns and processes 山地有蹄类动物交配系统:模式和过程
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12319
Luca Corlatti, Sandro Lovari

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引用次数: 1
Patterns of predation by the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx throughout its range: ecological and conservation implications 欧亚山猫在其整个范围内的捕食模式:生态和保护影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12317
Igor Khorozyan, Marco Heurich

  1. Predation on ungulates exposes large predators to conflicts with farmers and hunters if they kill livestock and shared game species. Therefore, it is crucial to know the drivers of predation on large prey, understand how they differ from predation on smaller prey and reveal general large-scale patterns.
  2. We tested three hypotheses in the global Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx population: 1) consumption of ungulates and hares increases with their densities, 2) effects of predictors on ungulate and hare predation differ between continents, latitudes, longitudes and landscapes, 3) effects of predictors are generally applicable regardless of study materials (scats, carcasses and intestinal tracts).
  3. We collected information from 70 publications, including data from 174 study cases (107 from Europe and 67 from Asia) and 114 sites in 30 countries, mainly Russia (73 cases and 46 sites). Linear regression of logit-transformed data and logistic regression were used to test the hypotheses.
  4. We found that ungulates made up more than half of the lynx diet in areas containing at least 570 individual ungulates/100 km2 and/or located south of 56°N. Predominance of ungulates in the diet could be related to the higher availability of the main medium-sized ungulate prey species, and to the presence of (mixed) broadleaf deciduous forests with open spaces providing optimal hunting conditions. No significant effects on hare consumption by lynx were revealed, possibly because of a small sample size of hare density data from lynx habitats, fluctuations and instability of hares as a food resource, declines of some hare populations and separation in habitat use by lynx and hares.
  5. We conclude that the Eurasian lynx is an adaptable predator, not a lagomorph specialist; throughout its range, the lynx takes ungulates according to their availability. The use of practical nonlethal interventions is important to limit the availability of domestic ungulates (livestock and game) for predation by lynx, and to promote human-lynx coexistence.
捕食有蹄类动物会使大型捕食者与农民和猎人发生冲突,如果他们杀死牲畜和共享的猎物物种。因此,了解捕食大型猎物的驱动因素,了解它们与捕食小型猎物的区别,并揭示一般的大规模模式是至关重要的。我们在全球欧亚猞猁种群中测试了三个假设:1)有蹄类动物和野兔的食用量随其密度的增加而增加;2)预测因子对有蹄类动物和野兔捕食的影响因大陆、纬度、经度和景观而异;3)无论研究材料(粪便、尸体和肠道)如何,预测因子的影响都普遍适用。我们收集了70份出版物的信息,包括174个研究案例(107个来自欧洲,67个来自亚洲)和30个国家114个地点的数据,主要是俄罗斯(73个病例和46个地点)。采用对数变换数据的线性回归和逻辑回归对假设进行检验。我们发现,在每100平方公里至少有570只有蹄类动物和/或位于56°N以南的地区,有蹄类动物占猞猁饮食的一半以上。有蹄类动物在饮食中的优势可能与主要中型有蹄类猎物种类的可得性较高有关,并且与(混合)阔叶落叶林的存在有关,开阔的空间提供了最佳的狩猎条件。结果显示,猞猁对野兔的消费没有显著影响,这可能是由于来自猞猁栖息地的野兔密度数据样本较小,野兔作为食物资源的波动和不稳定,一些野兔种群的减少以及猞猁和野兔对栖息地的使用分离。我们得出的结论是,欧亚猞猁是一种适应性强的捕食者,而不是lagomormorphspecialist;在整个活动范围内,猞猁根据它们的可用性来选择有蹄类动物。使用实际的非致命干预措施对于限制猞猁捕食家养有蹄类动物(牲畜和猎物)的可用性以及促进人类与猞猁的共存是很重要的。
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引用次数: 1
Balancing costs and benefits of managing hibernacula of cavernicolous bats 海绵状蝙蝠冬眠管理的成本与收益平衡
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12316
Justin G. Boyles, Virgil Brack Jr, Liam P. McGuire

  1. Manipulation of microclimates in caves and mines has gained renewed interest as a conservation and management strategy for populations of hibernating bats devastated by white-nose syndrome (WNS). WNS creates an energy imbalance for hibernating bats and ultimately leads to starvation, so some researchers and management agencies suggest modifying hibernacula to meet conditions historically thought to minimise energy expenditure during hibernation.
  2. Modifying hibernacula has great potential as a management strategy, but an oversimplified view of hibernation physiology and behaviour leads to an incomplete balancing of costs and benefits. Hibernaculum manipulations, as currently being implemented in the USA, carry high risk because cave systems used by bats have all the hallmarks of systems prone to falling into ecological traps.
  3. We present an individual-based model of bat energetics during hibernation, demonstrating the risk of relying on oversimplified descriptions of physiology and environmental conditions to design and implement hibernaculum manipulations. When realistic levels of variation in ambient conditions are included, proposed ‘target’ microclimates are very risky for hibernating bats.
  4. Realistic natural conditions in many or most hibernacula mean that modifications to the microclimate may produce modest energy savings for hibernating bats while potentially exposing them to substantial long-term fitness declines.
  5. Due to the risks of creating ecological traps and negative energetic consequences, we generally urge caution when modifying subterranean sites for bat use, and specifically suggest that if hibernacula are modified, the primary goal should be to maximise spatial gradients and minimise temporal variability in ambient conditions (temperature and humidity), as opposed to aiming to achieve a specific midwinter temperature.
控制洞穴和矿井的小气候作为一种保护和管理受白鼻综合征(WNS)摧残的冬眠蝙蝠种群的策略,重新引起了人们的兴趣。WNS会给冬眠的蝙蝠造成能量失衡,最终导致饥饿,因此一些研究人员和管理机构建议修改冬眠动物,以满足历史上认为的最小化冬眠期间能量消耗的条件。改造冬眠作为一种管理策略具有很大的潜力,但对冬眠生理和行为的过度简化的看法导致成本和收益的不完全平衡。目前在美国实施的冬眠操作具有很高的风险,因为蝙蝠使用的洞穴系统具有容易陷入生态陷阱的系统的所有特征。我们提出了一个基于个体的蝙蝠冬眠能量学模型,证明了依赖于过度简化的生理和环境条件描述来设计和实施冬眠操作的风险。当环境条件的实际变化水平包括在内时,所提出的“目标”小气候对冬眠蝙蝠来说是非常危险的。许多或大多数冬眠地的现实自然条件意味着,对小气候的改变可能会为冬眠的蝙蝠带来适度的能量节约,但可能会使它们长期暴露在健康水平大幅下降的环境中。由于产生生态陷阱和负面能量后果的风险,我们通常敦促在修改蝙蝠使用的地下场所时要谨慎,并特别建议,如果修改冬眠,主要目标应该是最大化空间梯度和最小化环境条件(温度和湿度)的时间变异性,而不是以达到特定的冬至温度为目标。
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引用次数: 2
Feral American mink Neogale vison continues to expand its European range: time to harmonise population monitoring and coordinate control 凶猛的美国水貂Neogale vison继续扩大其欧洲范围:是时候协调种群监测和协调控制了
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12315
Rachele Vada, Sonia Illanas, Pelayo Acevedo, Tim Adriaens, Marco Apollonio, Olgirda Belova, Jose Antonio Blanco-Aguiar, Sándor Csányi, Guillaume Body, Isabel G. Fernández-De-Mera, Ezio Ferroglio, Patrick A. Jansen, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Oliver Keuling, Santiago Palazón, Kamila Plis, Tomasz Podgórski, Fiona Rickowski, Massimo Scandura, Vasilij Shakun, Graham C. Smith, Philip A. Stephens, Koen Van Den Berge, Rauno Veeroja, Stefania Zanet, Ilgvars Zihmanis, Joaquin Vicente

美国水貂Neogale vison是欧洲的一种入侵外来物种,威胁着当地的生物多样性,并可能传播人畜共患疾病,包括严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型。上一次在欧洲大陆范围内绘制该物种地理范围的尝试可以追溯到2007年。我们旨在更新野生美国水貂的分布图,并评估其时间趋势。对我们收集的信息进行了严格分析,目的是改进未来的监测协议和数据收集。我们从覆盖32个国家的34个数据库中收集并标准化了数据。在2007年至2021年的三个五年期间,对狩猎场规模、狩猎袋和捕获统计数据的变化进行了分析。我们还回顾了不同欧洲国家水貂养殖的现状,并记录了种群控制计划。美国水貂现在广泛分布在波罗的海国家、法国、德国、冰岛、爱尔兰、波兰、斯堪的纳维亚、西班牙和英国。据报道,一些地区(如英国部分地区、冰岛和挪威)没有这种水貂。几个国家的数据不足,主要是东南欧国家。这些发现表明,在过去的15年里,该物种继续在非洲大陆传播,增加了其在大多数国家的潜在发生范围。我们跨国际边界收集和协调数据的努力突出了信息差距和数据质量的异质性。此处提供的最新物种分布数据将有助于风险评估和风险管理政策。这些行动需要在大陆一级协调努力进行人口监测。东南欧应加强监测工作和数据收集,以改进有关这种入侵物种目前分布的数据。©2023作者。《哺乳动物评论》由哺乳动物协会和John Wiley&Sons有限公司出版。
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引用次数: 1
Sea lion and fur seal interactions with fisheries and aquaculture in South American waters: threats and management perspectives 海狮和海海豹与南美水域渔业和水产养殖的相互作用:威胁和管理观点
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12311
Maritza Sepúlveda, Diana Szteren, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Enrique A. Crespo, Luis René Durán, Alicia I. Guerrero, Jeffrey C. Mangel, Doris Oliva, Larissa R. Oliveira

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引用次数: 3
Acoustic ecology of terrestrial mammals: a new Signaller–Receiver Conceptual Framework 陆生哺乳动物的声生态学:一个新的信号-接收器概念框架
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12314
Rachel M. Stein, Janet L. Rachlow

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引用次数: 0
Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus 非洲大型猫科动物的空间格局:狮子Panthera leo和豹子Panthera pardus的密度、栖息地大小和栖息地重叠的大规模研究
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12309
Vilis O. Nams, Dan M. Parker, Florian J. Weise, Bruce D. Patterson, Ralph Buij, Frans G. T. Radloff, Abi Tamim Vanak, Pricelia N. Tumenta, Matt W. Hayward, Lourens H. Swanepoel, Paul J. Funston, Hans Bauer, R. John Power, John O'Brien, Timothy G. O'Brien, Craig J. Tambling, Hans H. de Iongh, Sam M. Ferreira, Norman Owen-Smith, James W. Cain III, Julien Fattebert, Barbara M. Croes, Goran Spong, Andrew J. Loveridge, Ann Marie Houser, Krystyna A. Golabek, Colleen M. Begg, Tanith Grant, Paul Trethowan, Charles Musyoki, Vera Menges, Scott Creel, Guy A. Balme, Ross T. Pitman, Charlene Bissett, David Jenny, Paul Schuette, Christopher C. Wilmers, Luke T. B. Hunter, Margaret F. Kinnaird, Keith S. Begg, Cailey R. Owen, Villiers Steyn, Dirk Bockmuehl, Stuart J. Munro, Gareth K. H. Mann, Byron D. du Preez, Laurie L. Marker, Tuqa J. Huqa, Gabriele Cozzi, Laurence G. Frank, Phumuzile Nyoni, Andrew B. Stein, Samuel M. Kasiki, David W. Macdonald, Quinton E. Martins, Rudie J. van Vuuren, Ken J. Stratford, Laura R. Bidner, Alayne Oriol-Cotteril, Nakedi W. Maputla, Nkabeng Maruping-Mzileni, Tim Parker, Maarten van't Zelfde, Lynne A. Isbell, Otto B. Beukes, Maya Beukes

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引用次数: 0
Biases and information gaps in the study of habitat connectivity in the Carnivora in the Americas 美洲食肉动物栖息地连通性研究中的偏见和信息差距
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12312
Ángel Balbuena-Serrano, Martha Mariela Zarco-González, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis

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引用次数: 0
Reducing conflict between the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus and cattle ranching in Neotropical landscapes 在新热带地区,减少普通吸血蝙蝠与牧场之间的冲突
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12313
Víctor Hugo Mendoza-Sáenz, Romeo A. Saldaña-Vázquez, Dario Navarrete-Gutiérrez, Cristian Kraker-Castañeda, Rafael Ávila-Flores, Guillermo Jiménez-Ferrer

Increased cattle ranching in Neotropical landscapes has led to human–wildlife conflicts that complicate the relationship between agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. We review the literature related to conflicts between livestock production and the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, specifically, the factors that influence the incidence of problems caused by bites to cattle. We summarise the strategies proposed to reduce these problems and propose actions from the perspectives of cattle management, landscape ecology and the biology of the common vampire bat. The literature shows that free-range extensive management systems, where cattle graze in areas with forest cover, near riparian zones, caves, secondary vegetation (generally shrublands and immature trees), and vegetation fragments and edges, increase the implications and the severity of the conflict. As a result of different selection forces, the wing morphology and echolocation characteristics of the common vampire bat facilitate its movement under these landscape conditions, thus favouring a scenario of greater interaction with cattle. We propose the establishment of a ‘buffer zone’ to separate the cattle as far as possible (at least 1 km) from the elements of the landscape that are key for the movement patterns of common vampire bats in cattle ranching areas. The feeding events of this species are positively associated with host availability and landscape elements that provide habitat and connectivity, which shows that the cause of this conflict originates from the process of cattle production and the invasion of the habitat of the common vampire bat. Anti-rabies vaccination programmes in cattle and forest–cattle separation are the most important strategies to minimise conflict and prevent rabies outbreaks.

新热带地区畜牧业的增加导致了人类与野生动物之间的冲突,使农业生产与生物多样性保护之间的关系复杂化。本文综述了家畜生产与常见吸血蝙蝠圆齿蝠冲突的相关文献,特别是影响牛咬伤发生率的因素。本文从养牛管理、景观生态学和普通吸血蝙蝠生物学的角度,总结了减少这些问题的策略,并提出了相应的措施。文献表明,自由放养的粗放管理系统,即牛在森林覆盖地区、河岸带、洞穴、次生植被(通常是灌木地和未成熟树木)以及植被碎片和边缘附近放牧,增加了冲突的影响和严重程度。由于不同的选择力量,普通吸血蝙蝠的翅膀形态和回声定位特征有利于其在这些景观条件下的运动,从而有利于与牛的更多互动。我们建议建立一个“缓冲区”,尽可能地将牛与景观元素(至少1公里)分开,这些景观元素是牛牧区常见吸血蝙蝠运动模式的关键。该物种的取食事件与宿主可用性和提供栖息地和连通性的景观因素呈正相关,这表明这种冲突的原因源于养牛过程和普通吸血蝙蝠栖息地的入侵。牛和森林-牛分离的抗狂犬病疫苗接种规划是尽量减少冲突和预防狂犬病暴发的最重要战略。
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引用次数: 1
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on ‘Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats’ 标准化和参考声学监测可靠地估计了风力涡轮机中蝙蝠的死亡人数:关于“风力涡轮机声学监测评估蝙蝠死亡风险的局限性”的评论
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-12 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12310
Oliver Behr, Kévin Barré, Fabio Bontadina, Robert Brinkmann, Markus Dietz, Thierry Disca, Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux, Simon Ghanem, Senta Huemer, Johanna Hurst, Stefan K. Kaminsky, Volker Kelm, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt, Mirco Lauper, Paul Lintott, Christian Newman, Trevor Peterson, Jasmin Proksch, Charlotte Roemer, Wigbert Schorcht, Martina Nagy

Voigt et al. (2021) provide a thorough analysis of the restrictions inherent to the estimation of bat abundance from acoustic surveys, and conclude that limitations of acoustic monitoring impede the reliable evaluation of bat fatalities at wind turbines. We argue that acoustic data recorded at the nacelle of wind turbines have been experimentally validated as a useful and appropriate measure of bat collisions. Therefore, acoustic data can be used to estimate bat fatalities at wind turbines, provided a referenced and standardised protocol for data acquisition and analysis is used.

Voigt等人(2021)对声学调查估算蝙蝠丰度所固有的限制进行了全面分析,并得出结论,声学监测的局限性阻碍了对风力涡轮机中蝙蝠死亡人数的可靠评估。我们认为,在风力涡轮机机舱内记录的声学数据已经被实验验证为蝙蝠碰撞的有用和适当的测量。因此,声学数据可以用来估计蝙蝠在风力涡轮机上的死亡人数,提供一个参考和标准化的协议来获取和分析数据。
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引用次数: 1
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Mammal Review
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