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The Influence of Suppliers and Customers as a Micro External Environment on Sales Growth 供应商和客户作为微观外部环境对销售增长的影响
Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1049
Diniyah Aulia Fitri
A company is a for-profit organization, that is, an organization that has the goal of obtaining high profits. To achieve this goal, companies need to analyze the environment, both internal and external. The micro-external environment is usually referred to as the industrial environment. This is because, in this micro external environment, the company's business activities occur directly where there is a strong relationship between competitors, suppliers, and consumers themselves so that their impact and influence on each other can be seen. Indofood explained that rising geopolitical tensions, high inflation rates, and rising prices of various commodities created markets. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. A qualitative approach is used to analyze the external environment using annual reports at PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk deals with data sourced from observations about external factors, written data in the form of documents, and information provided. This research will discuss the efforts made by Indofood to overcome this problem. Suppliers and customers are important factors in this. Both had a positive influence on sales growth of 11.56% with an operating profit margin of 17.8% despite an increase in sales prices to balance the increase in raw materials.
公司是以营利为目的的组织,即以获取高额利润为目标的组织。为了实现这一目标,公司需要分析内部和外部环境。微观外部环境通常被称为产业环境。这是因为,在这种微观外部环境中,公司的业务活动直接发生在竞争对手、供应商和消费者之间,因此可以看到他们之间的相互影响。Indofood 解释说,日益紧张的地缘政治局势、高通胀率和各种商品价格上涨创造了市场。本研究采用描述型的定性方法。定性方法使用 PT.Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk 公司的年度报告来分析外部环境,数据来源于对外部因素的观察、文件形式的书面数据以及提供的信息。本研究将讨论 Indofood 为克服这一问题所做的努力。供应商和客户是其中的重要因素。尽管为平衡原材料的增长而提高了销售价格,但两者都对 11.56%的销售增长和 17.8%的营业利润率产生了积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Asset Management and Performance of Information System-Based Irrigation System (EPAKSI) Case Study of Cabak Irrigation Area, Temanggung Regency 以信息系统为基础的灌溉系统(EPAKSI)的资产管理与绩效 Temanggung 地区 Cabak 灌区案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1020
Azis Hartanto, S. I. Wahyudi, S. Soedarsono
The purpose of this study is to determine the process of data inputted and analyzed through the ePAKSI application, In this thesis used primary and secondary data collection methods. Secondary data as a support for primary data were obtained from the Office of the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Temanggung Regency and from the Office of the Food Security, Agriculture and Fisheries Office of Temanggung Regency. The results showed that the data inputted and analyzed with the ePAKSI application included data on asset types, asset names, nomenclature, dimensions and conditions ranging from assets upstream (weir) to downstream (end of the channel) of the Cabak irrigation network and the latest number of assets from field searches in the form of 3 channels, 34 buildings and 14 tertiary plots were known. The results of the evaluation of the performance assessment of the irrigation system of the Cabak Irrigation Area with the ePAKSI application obtained a total value of 63.70% in the less category (55% - 70%) with recommendations for handling needs attention from the Temanggung Regency Government. The details of the evaluation results of the performance assessment of the irrigation system of the Cabak Irrigation Area consist of physical infrastructure with a score of 59.81%, planting productivity 87.84%, supporting facilities 68.00%, personnel organization 71.20%, documentation 62.50% and water user farmer associations (GP3A / IP3A) 30.00%.
本研究的目的是确定通过 ePAKSI 应用程序输入和分析数据的过程。作为第一手数据的支持,第二手数据从 Temanggung 地区公共工程和空间规划办公室以及 Temanggung 地区食品安全、农业和渔业办公室获得。结果显示,通过 ePAKSI 应用程序输入和分析的数据包括卡巴克灌溉网从上游(堰)到下游(渠道末端)的资产类型、资产名称、术语、尺寸和条件,以及通过实地调查了解到的 3 条渠道、34 座建筑物和 14 块三级地的最新资产数量。使用 ePAKSI 对卡巴克灌区的灌溉系统进行绩效评估的结果显示,在较低类别(55%-70%)中,总值为 63.70%,建议 Temanggung 地区政府处理需要注意的问题。卡巴克灌区灌溉系统绩效评估结果的具体内容包括:物质基础设施(59.81%)、种植生产率(87.84%)、配套设施(68.00%)、人员组织(71.20%)、文件记录(62.50%)和用水户农民协会(GP3A / IP3A)(30.00%)。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Digital Media Against Zakat Fundraising in The Perspective of Sharia Economic Law (Research Study at the IZI Institute) 从伊斯兰经济法的角度看数字媒体对天课募捐的作用(IZI 研究所的研究报告)
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.997
Wahyudi Wahyudi, Hidayat Hidayat, Hendra Kholid
This study explores the use of digital media for zakat fundraising at IZI, explains its implementation within the framework of Sharia economic law, and its impact on increasing zakat collection. IZI's approach to digital media-based zakat fundraising is not only interesting but also educational and diverse. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the strategy and effectiveness of using digital media in collecting zakat funds by zakat institutions, focusing on the Indonesian Zakat Initiative (IZI). Methodologically, the study used a variety of techniques, including interviews with relevant personnel at IZI, literature review within the institution, direct observation of zakat contributors to IZI, and qualitative analysis through graphical representation of zakat collections over time. This method is carried out meticulously in collaboration with IZI staff to ensure data accuracy. The result of this study is that the adoption of zakat fundraising through digital media at IZI has proven effective and diverse. Collaboration with Tokopedia through "zakatpedia" has helped increase the zakat collection significantly. Fundraising through digital media by Sharia principles provided that it does not harm other parties, supported by references to the Quran, Hadith, Ijma', Qiyas, and Fatwa DSN MUI, and the role of digital media-based fundraising in IZI has become a key factor in collecting zakat. This is evidenced by the consistent increase in zakat collection, an average of 20% per year since the adoption of digital media. In conclusion, it is important to embrace digital platforms for zakat fundraising within the scope of the Islamic economy. The innovative approach taken by IZI not only enhances zakat collection but also upholds the ethical and legal principles integral to Islamic finance.
本研究探讨了 IZI 利用数字媒体进行天课募捐的情况,解释了其在伊斯兰教法经济法框架内的实施情况及其对增加天课募捐的影响。IZI 基于数字媒体的天课募捐方法不仅有趣,而且具有教育意义和多样性。本研究的目的是调查和分析天课机构使用数字媒体募集天课资金的策略和效果,重点是印度尼西亚天课倡议(IZI)。在方法上,本研究采用了多种技术,包括与 IZI 相关人员的访谈、机构内部的文献回顾、对 IZI 天课捐款者的直接观察,以及通过图表对天课募集情况进行定性分析。为确保数据的准确性,我们与 IZI 工作人员合作,一丝不苟地实施了这一方法。这项研究的结果表明,IZI 通过数字媒体进行天课募捐的做法被证明是有效和多样化的。通过 "zakatpedia "与 Tokopedia 的合作大大增加了天课募捐的数量。在不损害其他方利益的前提下,根据伊斯兰教法原则通过数字媒体进行筹款,并参考《古兰经》、《圣训》、"伊集玛"(Ijma')、"齐雅斯"(Qiyas)和 "伊斯兰教法特瓦"(Fatwa DSN MUI)。自采用数字媒体以来,天课募捐额持续增长,平均每年增长 20%,这就是明证。总之,在伊斯兰经济范围内利用数字平台筹集天课十分重要。IZI 采取的创新方法不仅加强了天课的募集,还坚持了伊斯兰金融不可或缺的道德和法律原则。
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引用次数: 0
Formulation of Social Work Criminal Sanctions for Perpetrators of Minor Corruption Crimes Based on Justice 基于司法公正制定对轻微腐败犯罪人的社会工作刑事制裁措施
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1022
Nur Sari Baktiana, Fauzie Yususf Hasibuan, Lilik Mulyadi
In Indonesia, the formulation of criminal sanctions in the Indonesian Criminal Code has progressed, namely the adaptation of the mindset that criminal sanctions do not always have to be punitive. The benchmark of the provisions of Article 85 of the Criminal Code refers to the criteria, measures, and conditions for the imposition of criminal sanctions against social work sanctions for general criminal offenses, while specifically regulating special criminal offenses outside the Criminal Code, for example, Corruption which is regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Corruption. This type of research is normative juridical research with analytical descriptive specifications using the statute approach, case approach, and comparative approach. The data sources in this research are secondary data sources in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Research data was collected through a literature study using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that there has been a paradigm shift in Law Number 23 Year 2023, which has regulated the existence of social work punishment as one of the main punishments, which previously did not exist in Law Number 1 Year 1946. The ideal formulation so that the application of social work can be applied is by looking at Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Corruption Crimes and must also be able to see the existence of Law Number 1 of 1946,  Article 10 of the Criminal Code does not regulate social work.
在印度尼西亚,《印度尼西亚刑法典》中关于刑事制裁的表述取得了进展,即调整了刑事制裁不一定都是惩罚性的思维模式。刑法典》第 85 条规定的基准指的是对一般刑事犯罪的社会工作制裁实施刑事制裁的标准、措施和条件,同时对《刑法典》之外的特殊刑事犯罪进行了具体规定,例如 1999 年第 31 号法律结合 2001 年第 20 号法律对 1999 年第 31 号法律关于腐败的修正案进行了规定的腐败行为。此类研究属于规范性法学研究,采用成文法、案例法和比较法进行分析描述。本研究的数据来源为二级数据来源,形式包括一级、二级和三级法律材料。研究数据是通过使用定性数据分析技术的文献研究收集的。研究结果表明,第 23 号法律(2023 年)已经发生了范式转变,将社会工作处罚作为主要处罚之一加以规范,而此前的第 1 号法律(1946 年)中并不存在社会工作处罚。为了适用社会工作,理想的表述方式是将 1999 年第 31 号法律与 2001 年关于 1999 年第 31 号法律《腐败罪修正案》的第 21 号法律结合起来看,同时还必须能够看到 1946 年第 1 号法律的存在,《刑法典》第 10 条并未对社会工作做出规定。
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引用次数: 0
Segmentation Analysis Using K-Means Clustering Model with SPSS Case Study of Backpacker Jakarta Community Members 利用 SPSS 的 K-Means 聚类模型进行分类分析 雅加达背包客社区成员案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1031
Asti Apriani, Jerry Heikal
The development of the world of tourism is currently experiencing high growth. With repairs and increasing the quality of tourist spots, it has succeeded in encouraging and increasing public interest in visiting. Traveling at this time has also been carried out in various ways both by individuals and groups. One of the quite existing tourist groups in Jakarta is the Backpacker Jakarta Community (BPJ), which offers low-cost travel packages with the Backpacker pattern. In this study, the authors conducted a survey of BPJ’s members/members by distributing questionnaires containing personal data and also regarding the interest of the members in the trips or trips they had participated in so far. From this process the researcher obtained feedback and analyzed the answers from 96 respondents, using the clustering method with K-means clustering analysis, and then determined 7 clusters to get an overview of the variations in the interest of BPJ’s members. Of the 7 clusters, the researcher chose one of the potential clusters to develop travel tour package products, namely BPJ’s Member Mountaineering Lover Cluster which contains quite young groups between 22-35 years old. Furthermore, the researcher determines the Value Proposition of the cluster to determine the strategic steps for the marketing mix strategy with the 8P. 
世界旅游业的发展目前正经历着高速增长。随着旅游景点的维修和质量的提高,成功地鼓励和提高了公众的旅游兴趣。此时,个人和团体的旅游方式也多种多样。雅加达现有的旅游团体之一是 "雅加达背包客社区"(BPJ),它以背包客模式提供低价旅游套餐。在本研究中,作者对 BPJ 的成员/会员进行了调查,发放了包含个人数据的调查问卷,同时还调查了成员对旅行的兴趣或迄今为止参加过的旅行。在此过程中,研究人员获得了 96 名受访者的反馈,并使用 K-means 聚类分析方法对答案进行了分析,然后确定了 7 个聚类,以了解 BPJ 会员兴趣的总体变化情况。在这 7 个聚类中,研究人员选择了其中一个潜在聚类来开发旅游套餐产品,即 BPJ 会员登山爱好者聚类,该聚类包含 22-35 岁之间的相当年轻的群体。此外,研究人员还确定了该群组的价值主张,以确定 8P 营销组合策略的战略步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Law of The Productive Testicles 睾丸生产法
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1021
Frengki Hardian
The role of zakat as ijtima'iyah Aaliyah worship in Islam focuses on two main functions of zakat, namely cleansing property and souls and being a community fund to reduce poverty. Zakat mal and zakat fitrah were discussed, with emphasis on the need for a productive zakat approach as a long-term solution. The research aims to understand the concept of productive zakat from the perspective of Yusuf Al-Qardhawi and Imam Nawawi, including an understanding of the main purpose of productive zakat in alleviating poverty and improving mustahik welfare. This research uses a documentary-descriptive approach method with literature study, where written data is analyzed based on context. The results showed that the distribution of productive zakat according to Yusuf Al-Qardhawi played an important role in developing the mustahiq economy. The majority of scholars support the concept of productive zakat as a strategy to improve the economic life of Mustahiq. The conclusion of this study underscores the urgency of productive zakat in the context of Islamic teachings and the welfare of the Ummah. The empowerment of Mustahiq through training and skill development is the main focus to increase the effectiveness of productive zakat. Although there is no specific reference in the Qur'an or hadith regarding productive zakat, the allocation of zakat clearly stated in surah At-Tawbah verse 60 provides a basis for the distribution of zakat that supports the economic improvement of Muslims.
天课在伊斯兰教中作为 ijtima'iyah Aaliyah 拜的作用侧重于天课的两大功能,即净化财产和灵魂以及作为社区减贫基金。研究讨论了 "天课"(zakat mal)和 "天课"(zakat fitrah),强调了作为长期解决方案的生产性天课方法的必要性。本研究旨在从优素福-阿尔-卡尔达维和伊玛目-纳瓦维的角度理解生产性天课的概念,包括理解生产性天课在减轻贫困和改善穆斯林福利方面的主要目的。本研究采用文献描述法与文献研究相结合的方法,根据上下文对书面数据进行分析。结果表明,优素福-卡尔达维认为生产性天课的分配在发展伊斯兰教经济中发挥了重要作用。大多数学者都支持将生产性天课作为改善 Mustahiq 经济生活的一种策略。本研究的结论强调了生产性天课在伊斯兰教义和伊斯兰人民福祉方面的紧迫性。通过培训和技能发展增强穆斯塔希克人的能力是提高生产性天课有效性的主要重点。虽然《古兰经》或《圣训》中没有具体提及生产性天课,但《圣训》第 60 节中明确规定的天课分配为支持穆斯林经济改善的天课分配提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Legal Certainty of the Existence of Foreign Workers According to Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation 根据关于创造就业机会的 2020 年第 11 号法律,外籍工人存在的法律确定性
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1024
Tine Yowargana, Ramlani Lina Sinaulan, Hedwig Adianto Mau
Through Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, it is easy for foreign workers to enter Indonesia because written permits are replaced by only using a plan for the use of foreign workers. The method used in this research is the normative or legal research method. As a normative legal research, the approach used by the author in discussing this problem is to use a statutory approach. From the results of the research, it is obtained that the policy regarding the regulation of foreign workers in Indonesia has been contained in several regulations, including Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 8 of 2021 which explains the implementation of Government Regulation Number 34 of 2021 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers, as well as Law Number 6 of 2023 which stipulates Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 into the Job Creation Law. The use of foreign workers actually aims to meet the needs of labour with certain skills and expertise in supporting the country's development, especially when the Indonesian workforce is still inadequate in achieving the necessary professionalism. The ratification of Law Number 11 of 2020 brought significant changes in the Labour Law by facilitating the entry of foreign workers into Indonesia, through the deletion and amendment of several articles. In relation to legal certainty regarding the use of foreign workers in Indonesia, Law No. 11/2020 stipulates procedures for the use of foreign workers in Indonesia
通过 2020 年第 11 号《创造就业机会法》,外籍劳工进入印尼变得更加容易,因为只需使用外籍劳工计划即可取代书面许可证。本研究采用的方法是规范或法律研究方法。作为一项规范性法律研究,作者在讨论这一问题时使用的方法是法定方法。研究结果表明,印尼的外籍劳工管理政策已包含在多项法规中,其中包括人力部长 2021 年第 8 号法规,该法规解释了关于使用外籍劳工的 2021 年第 34 号政府法规的执行情况,以及 2023 年第 6 号法律,该法律规定将 2022 年第 2 号法律的政府法规纳入《创造就业法》。使用外籍工人实际上是为了满足对具有一定技能和专业知识的劳动力的需求,以支持国家的发展,尤其是在印尼劳动力仍不足以达到必要的专业水平的情况下。2020 年第 11 号法律获得批准后,《劳动法》发生了重大变化,通过删除和修订若干条款,为外国工人进入印度尼西亚提供了便利。关于在印度尼西亚使用外国工人的法律确定性,第 11/2020 号法律规定了在印度尼西亚使用外国工人的程序
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of The Effect of Recruitment, Placement, Training, Job Design, and Work Ethics on Employee Performance 招聘、安置、培训、工作设计和职业道德对员工绩效的影响分析
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1032
Mar’atus Solikhah, Ginna Novarianti Dwi Putri Pramesti
This rapid progress is inseparable from the management of Human Resources (HR) owned by the company because human resources have an important role in achieving company goals, especially in this era of globalization, where there is tight competition. This study analyzes the influence of recruitment, placement, training, job design, and work ethics variables on employee performance. This study used total sampling for permanent employees because the overall object of research amounted to 42 employees. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the positive influence of recruitment (b1=0.573), training (b3=0.309), and work ethics (b5=0.235), as well as the negative influence of placement (b2=-0.221) and job design (b4=-0.222) on employee performance. The partial hypothesis test showed the significance of the variables recruitment (t = 7.994), training (t = 3.155), and work ethics (t = 2.629), while placement (t = -2.463) and job design (t = -2.206) were not significant. Test F shows overall significance (F = 40.504, p <0.05), with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 84.9%, indicating that employee performance is jointly influenced by the variables studied. This research is expected to provide consideration and as policy material related to recruitment, placement, training, job design, and work ethics to improve employee performance.
这种快速进步与公司所拥有的人力资源(HR)管理密不可分,因为人力资源在实现公司目标方面发挥着重要作用,尤其是在这个竞争激烈的全球化时代。本研究分析了招聘、安置、培训、工作设计和职业道德等变量对员工绩效的影响。由于研究的总体对象为 42 名员工,因此本研究对正式员工进行了总体抽样。多元线性回归分析结果显示,招聘(b1=0.573)、培训(b3=0.309)和职业道德(b5=0.235)对员工绩效有正向影响,而安置(b2=-0.221)和工作设计(b4=-0.222)对员工绩效有负向影响。局部假设检验表明,招聘(t=7.994)、培训(t=3.155)和职业道德(t=2.629)这三个变量显著,而安置(t=-2.463)和工作设计(t=-2.206)不显著。检验 F 显示总体显著性(F = 40.504,P <0.05),决定系数(R2)为 84.9%,表明员工绩效受到所研究变量的共同影响。本研究有望为招聘、安置、培训、工作设计和职业道德提供相关考虑和政策材料,以提高员工绩效。
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引用次数: 0
The Evaluation of The Principal’s Performance in Improving Teacher Performance 评估校长在提高教师绩效方面的表现
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1027
Jhon S Pasaribu, Bambang Ismanto, Wasitohadi Wasitohadi
This research aims to determine the performance of school principals and how it influences teacher performance. This research is evaluation research with a discrepancy model and a research approach using descriptive qualitative. The subject of this research is SD Negeri 02 Kumpulrejo Salatiga. Data collection techniques use qualitative data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data triangulation uses technical triangulation and source triangulation. Technical triangulation was carried out through interviews, documentation studies, and observations. Source triangulation was carried out by matching the results of the principal's interview with the results of interviews with teachers, supervisors, and school committees by providing the same question instrument. The data analysis technique consists of three activity streams, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the research show that from each stage in the discrepancy evaluation model, namely the design, installation, process, product, and cost-benefit stages, it is stated that the principal's managerial performance has met the standards of adequacy, suitability, and fairness. So it can be concluded that the principal has been able to carry out his managerial competencies well.
本研究旨在确定校长的绩效及其如何影响教师的绩效。本研究采用差异模型和描述性定性研究方法进行评估研究。研究对象是 SD Negeri 02 Kumpulrejo Salatiga。数据收集技术采用定性数据收集技术,通过访谈、观察和记录来收集数据。数据三角测量采用技术三角测量和来源三角测量。技术三角测量通过访谈、文献研究和观察进行。来源三角测量是通过提供相同的问题工具,将校长访谈的结果与教师、督导和学校委员会访谈的结果进行匹配。数据分析技术包括三个活动流,即数据还原、数据展示和结论。研究结果表明,从差异评价模型的每个阶段,即设计阶段、安装阶段、过程阶段、产品阶段和成本效益阶段来看,校长的管理绩效都达到了充分性、适宜性和公平性的标准。因此可以得出结论,校长能够很好地履行其管理职责。
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引用次数: 0
Values of the Code of Ethics of Dental Services Qur'anic Perspective: Analytical Study of the Interpretation of Related Verses KODEKGI 古兰经》视角下牙科服务道德规范的价值:相关经文释义的分析研究 KODEKGI
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.59141/jiss.v5i03.1028
Retno Wulansari, Ade Naelul Huda, Ziyad Ulhaq
This research aims to analyze KODEKGI values from the perspective of Qur'anic interpretation, as well as to analyze the implementation of KODEKGI service values from a Qur'anic perspective on Muslim dentists. This research uses a qualitative method by combining two research locations, library research and field research. Primary data were generated from field research through direct interviews with dentist respondents through sampling methods, as well as a literature study of three tafsir books in the style of al-'adabi al-ijma'i and Tafsir Tahlili of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. While the secondary data is generated from the research library. The data analysis technique that the author used in this research is the content analysis technique. The two formulations produced by this study are: first, ten articles related to services to patients in KODEKGI have values that are in line with the Qur'an.  Secondly, a review of Muslim doctors' services against KODEKGI shows their original intention was to abide by the existing rules. There are Qur'anic values in KODEKGI triggering Muslim dentist respondents to run KODEKGI to worship Allah.
本研究旨在从《古兰经》释义的角度分析 KODEKGI 的价值观,以及从《古兰经》的角度分析穆斯林牙医执行 KODEKGI 服务价值观的情况。本研究采用定性研究法,将图书馆研究和实地研究两个研究地点结合起来。第一手数据来自实地研究,通过抽样方法与牙医受访者进行直接访谈,以及对印尼共和国宗教部的《al-'adabi al-ijma'i》和《Tafsir Tahlili》风格的三本塔夫西里书籍进行文献研究。二手数据则来自研究图书馆。作者在本研究中使用的数据分析技术是内容分析法。本研究得出的两个提法是:第一,与 KODEKGI 病人服务相关的十篇文章的价值观与《古兰经》一致。 第二,对穆斯林医生针对 KODEKGI 提供的服务进行的审查表明,他们的初衷是遵守现有规则。KODEKGI 中的古兰经价值观促使穆斯林牙医受访者经营 KODEKGI 以崇拜真主。
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引用次数: 0
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Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains
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