V. Atabo, S. Adee, Peter Oluwafemi Olatunji, Y. Danjuma
In this research, a class of implicit block methods of a seventh derivative type are examined through interpolation and collocation techniques using finite power series as the basis function. The discrete schemes, which are implicit two-point block methods, are obtained by carefully and unevenly choose collocation points that ensure better methods’ stability via test. However, these schemes require seventh derivative functions unlike other existing numerical formulae. The new methods are found, investigated and proven to be convergent and A-stable. The implementation of methods is achieved by using Newton Raphson’s method. Experiments show the efficiency and accuracy of the developed formulae on different class of first-order initial value problems, including SIR, growth models and Prothero-Robinson oscillatory problem and with comparison to such existing methods. In addition, it is observed that uneven and positioning of collocation points greatly influence the efficiency and accuracy of numerical methods.
本研究以有限幂级数为基础函数，通过插值和配位技术研究了一类七阶导数类型的隐式块方法。这些离散方案属于隐式两点分块法，通过仔细且不均匀地选择配位点获得，通过测试确保了方法的稳定性。然而，与其他现有数值公式不同，这些方案需要七次导函数。通过发现、研究和证明，新方法具有收敛性和 A 级稳定性。方法的实现采用牛顿-拉斐森方法。实验表明，所开发的公式在不同类别的一阶初值问题（包括 SIR、增长模型和 Prothero-Robinson 振荡问题）上的效率和准确性，并与现有方法进行了比较。此外，实验还发现，配准点的不均匀和定位在很大程度上影响着数值方法的效率和精度。
{"title":"New Computational Methods Using Seventh Derivative Type for the Solution of First Order Initial Value Problems","authors":"V. Atabo, S. Adee, Peter Oluwafemi Olatunji, Y. Danjuma","doi":"10.32388/c5ia9c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/c5ia9c","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a class of implicit block methods of a seventh derivative type are examined through interpolation and collocation techniques using finite power series as the basis function. The discrete schemes, which are implicit two-point block methods, are obtained by carefully and unevenly choose collocation points that ensure better methods’ stability via test. However, these schemes require seventh derivative functions unlike other existing numerical formulae. The new methods are found, investigated and proven to be convergent and A-stable. The implementation of methods is achieved by using Newton Raphson’s method. Experiments show the efficiency and accuracy of the developed formulae on different class of first-order initial value problems, including SIR, growth models and Prothero-Robinson oscillatory problem and with comparison to such existing methods. In addition, it is observed that uneven and positioning of collocation points greatly influence the efficiency and accuracy of numerical methods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"Tomatoes Unveiled: A Comprehensive Exploration from Cultivation to Culinary and Nutritional Significance\"","authors":"M. C. Ayvaz","doi":"10.32388/hl22r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/hl22r1","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140235058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"The amount of order and dimensions of the nanowires produced using this set of templates is determined and controlled by the initial conditions of the anodizing process\"","authors":"Maria Swallow","doi":"10.32388/mt8zvi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/mt8zvi","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"Fullerenes are sensitive to light and their electrical properties change drastically with the change of wavelength of light\"","authors":"Maria Swallow","doi":"10.32388/761tqh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/761tqh","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"83 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"ICs must meet the performance characteristics of MEMS, such as electromagnetic-based electromechanical instrumentation and structures\"","authors":"Maria Swallow","doi":"10.32388/jq5bwz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/jq5bwz","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: \"Molecular Fluorine can underlie a wide range of Roman novel chemical reactions. Easily accept and donate electrons\"","authors":"Maria Swallow","doi":"10.32388/l0mctl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/l0mctl","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"48 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140238714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The examination of Brazilian filmmaker Alberto Cavalcanti’s contribution to documentary history will be undertaken here through a close analysis of his early film "Coal Face" (1935), which depicts the lives of coal workers in England. This film will be juxtaposed with two other significant documentaries from the same period. The first is "Industrial Britain" (Robert Flaherty, 1931/1933), and the second is "Housing Problems" (Arthur Elton and Edgar Anstey, 1935). This article delves into a discussion that, despite being produced during the same period, these films exhibit notable disparities in their aesthetical approaches to portraying reality.
这里将通过仔细分析巴西电影制作人阿尔贝托-卡瓦尔坎蒂早期拍摄的描述英国煤炭工人生活的影片《煤面》（1935 年），来研究他对纪录片史的贡献。这部影片将与同一时期的另外两部重要纪录片并列。第一部是《工业英国》（Robert Flaherty，1931/1933 年），第二部是《住房问题》（Arthur Elton 和 Edgar Anstey，1935 年）。本文深入探讨了这两部影片尽管制作于同一时期，但在描绘现实的美学方法上却表现出明显的差异。
{"title":"Alberto Cavalcanti: Experimental Realism in Coal Face","authors":"Aline Freire de Carvalho Frey","doi":"10.32388/6eo680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/6eo680","url":null,"abstract":"The examination of Brazilian filmmaker Alberto Cavalcanti’s contribution to documentary history will be undertaken here through a close analysis of his early film \"Coal Face\" (1935), which depicts the lives of coal workers in England. This film will be juxtaposed with two other significant documentaries from the same period. The first is \"Industrial Britain\" (Robert Flaherty, 1931/1933), and the second is \"Housing Problems\" (Arthur Elton and Edgar Anstey, 1935). This article delves into a discussion that, despite being produced during the same period, these films exhibit notable disparities in their aesthetical approaches to portraying reality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"12 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the nexus between liquidity and its determinants in Ethiopia's private bank commercial banks. The study employed a causational research design by utilizing data from 2011–to 2021. The study unit of analysis is 15 Commercial banks in Ethiopia. It utilized General Methods of Moment (GMM) dynamic panel regression.The finding showed that bank profit, interest rate margin, concentration ratio, and inflation havesignificantly negatively contributed to bank liquidity. However, capital adequacy has no significant effect on the bank's liquidity. Besides, the growth of the Gross domestic product and exchange rate significantly enhance the bank's liquidity. The study urges the bank management and regulatory body to search for the optimum trade-off point between profit and interest rate spread with the required level of liquidity. Besides, policymakers and regulators should take a measure that neutralizes the detrimental effect of the market structure of the banking industry. Since inflation and money supply (M2) negatively affect liquidity, it is vital to transform macroeconomic variables into a robust institutional mechanism to enhance liquidity. Generally, the study recommends continued supervision and support to shield banks from a liquidity crunch.
{"title":"Conundrums of the Liquidity Determinants of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia","authors":"Million Adafre, Yayehyirad Kedir Bushira","doi":"10.32388/dzu5z7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/dzu5z7","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the nexus between liquidity and its determinants in Ethiopia's private bank commercial banks. The study employed a causational research design by utilizing data from 2011–to 2021. The study unit of analysis is 15 Commercial banks in Ethiopia. It utilized General Methods of Moment (GMM) dynamic panel regression.The finding showed that bank profit, interest rate margin, concentration ratio, and inflation havesignificantly negatively contributed to bank liquidity. However, capital adequacy has no significant effect on the bank's liquidity. Besides, the growth of the Gross domestic product and exchange rate significantly enhance the bank's liquidity. The study urges the bank management and regulatory body to search for the optimum trade-off point between profit and interest rate spread with the required level of liquidity. Besides, policymakers and regulators should take a measure that neutralizes the detrimental effect of the market structure of the banking industry. Since inflation and money supply (M2) negatively affect liquidity, it is vital to transform macroeconomic variables into a robust institutional mechanism to enhance liquidity. Generally, the study recommends continued supervision and support to shield banks from a liquidity crunch.\u0000","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"76 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the interaction between macroeconomic variables and market capitalization in Emerging Capital Markets, i.e., Bangladesh. We examine the effects of the invest-to-deposit ratio (IDR) by financial institutions, market interest rate (MKTINT), and Consumer Price Index (CPI) on market capitalization (MAKTCAP). This study utilizes a dataset spanning 83 months, encompassing the period from 2015 to 2021. The macroeconomic influence is examined empirically by using the Arellano–Bover/Blundell–Bond generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, supplemented by the ordinary least squares (OLS) and weighted least squares regression (WLS). Also, use Breusch-Pagan and Cook-Weisberg tests to measure heteroskedasticity in the model. The findings show a strong correlation between IDR and MAKTCAP, pointing to IDR as the most important yet overlooked factor influencing capital market returns. However, MKTINT and CPI results address a negative relationship with MAKTCAP. Higher IDR indicates that the capital market receives more cash flow to enhance market capitalization. At the same time, lowering MKTINT and CPI enables the capital market to get more money flow.
{"title":"Exploring the Convergence of Macroeconomic Variables and Market Capitalization in an Emerging Economy: An Empirical Analysis Using Arbitrage Pricing Theory","authors":"Leo Vashkor Dewri, Nafis Sadik Chowdhury Noyel","doi":"10.32388/ec0ocy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/ec0ocy","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the interaction between macroeconomic variables and market capitalization in Emerging Capital Markets, i.e., Bangladesh. We examine the effects of the invest-to-deposit ratio (IDR) by financial institutions, market interest rate (MKTINT), and Consumer Price Index (CPI) on market capitalization (MAKTCAP). This study utilizes a dataset spanning 83 months, encompassing the period from 2015 to 2021. The macroeconomic influence is examined empirically by using the Arellano–Bover/Blundell–Bond generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, supplemented by the ordinary least squares (OLS) and weighted least squares regression (WLS). Also, use Breusch-Pagan and Cook-Weisberg tests to measure heteroskedasticity in the model. The findings show a strong correlation between IDR and MAKTCAP, pointing to IDR as the most important yet overlooked factor influencing capital market returns. However, MKTINT and CPI results address a negative relationship with MAKTCAP. Higher IDR indicates that the capital market receives more cash flow to enhance market capitalization. At the same time, lowering MKTINT and CPI enables the capital market to get more money flow.\u0000","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proper assessment of heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are alternatives to cigarettes that heat rather than burn tobacco, is necessary to gain a full understanding of both the potential risks and benefits of these newer products. This includes understanding differences in HTP aerosol compared to cigarette smoke. Recent publications have attempted to characterize HTP emissions in order to provide guidance on relative risk and classification. However, improper representation of studies and misinterpretation of how products are designed and used has led to confusion about the relative risk of HTPs compared to cigarettes. This commentary provides clarification on these important issues with a focus on classification of emissions from the device.
{"title":"[Commentary] on Heated Tobacco Products and the Importance of Science-Based Assessments and Product Classification","authors":"Carrie Wade, Markus Nordlund, Gizelle Baker","doi":"10.32388/0mz6t2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/0mz6t2","url":null,"abstract":"Proper assessment of heated tobacco products (HTPs), which are alternatives to cigarettes that heat rather than burn tobacco, is necessary to gain a full understanding of both the potential risks and benefits of these newer products. This includes understanding differences in HTP aerosol compared to cigarette smoke. Recent publications have attempted to characterize HTP emissions in order to provide guidance on relative risk and classification. However, improper representation of studies and misinterpretation of how products are designed and used has led to confusion about the relative risk of HTPs compared to cigarettes. This commentary provides clarification on these important issues with a focus on classification of emissions from the device.\u0000","PeriodicalId":500839,"journal":{"name":"Qeios","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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