Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.033
Seung-Chang Han, Yoon-Sun Lee, Ho-Jin Lee, Minki Kim, Tea-Sung Jun
This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of wear-resistant hardfacing structures fabricated on an AISI 1045 carbon steel substrate using a specially designed Fe–Cr based powder for directed energy deposition (DED). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis reveals that the texture predominantly consists of cube rotated {001}<110> and cube {001}<110> textures, in addition to weaker Brass {112}<111> texture components. These textures contribute to the random orientations of martensitic grains and facilitate the tracing of austenite reconstruction. Notably, the as-printed samples exhibited superior yield strength (999.4 ± 86.3 MPa) and ductility (9.6 ± 2.6%) along the build direction (BD), compared to conventional samples, which demonstrated a tensile strength of 790 MPa and ductility of 2%. This improvement is primarily attributed to the hardening effects associated with a low volume fraction of retained austenite and the precipitation of Cr carbides. Comprehensive mechanical response, nanoindentation hardness profile across the interface, and microstructural analyses were conducted to confirm the feasibility of using a Fe-based hardfacing alloy for DED. The findings underscore the outstanding balance of strength and ductility exhibited by as-printed hardfacing alloy, further enhanced by its high printability, highlighting its potential in producing wear-resistant structures for repair applications.
{"title":"Revealing the microstructural evolution and mechanical response of repaired Fe–Cr–Si based alloy by directed energy deposition","authors":"Seung-Chang Han, Yoon-Sun Lee, Ho-Jin Lee, Minki Kim, Tea-Sung Jun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.033","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of wear-resistant hardfacing structures fabricated on an AISI 1045 carbon steel substrate using a specially designed Fe–Cr based powder for directed energy deposition (DED). Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis reveals that the texture predominantly consists of cube rotated {001}<110> and cube {001}<110> textures, in addition to weaker Brass {112}<111> texture components. These textures contribute to the random orientations of martensitic grains and facilitate the tracing of austenite reconstruction. Notably, the as-printed samples exhibited superior yield strength (999.4 ± 86.3 MPa) and ductility (9.6 ± 2.6%) along the build direction (BD), compared to conventional samples, which demonstrated a tensile strength of 790 MPa and ductility of 2%. This improvement is primarily attributed to the hardening effects associated with a low volume fraction of retained austenite and the precipitation of Cr carbides. Comprehensive mechanical response, nanoindentation hardness profile across the interface, and microstructural analyses were conducted to confirm the feasibility of using a Fe-based hardfacing alloy for DED. The findings underscore the outstanding balance of strength and ductility exhibited by as-printed hardfacing alloy, further enhanced by its high printability, highlighting its potential in producing wear-resistant structures for repair applications.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.032
Shouling Ding, Bin Zou, Qingyang Liu, Xinfeng Wang, Jikai Liu, Lei Li
Non-planar additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrates great potential in enhancing interlayer bonding force and surface smoothness of parts, offering a more flexible design and manufacturing approach for continuous fiber composites to fully exploit material capabilities. This study developed a three-axis printer utilizing an adjustable fiber printing head that can achieve non-planar slicing (NPS) AM of pre-impregnated continuous fibers. The research delves into the influence of deposition inclined angle on the surface roughness of printed samples, enabling the design and printing of NPS samples using continuous carbon fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF), and hybrid fiber composites. The investigation also assesses bending failure morphologies of the printed parts and validates the efficacy of the NPS method through the fabrication of the double-sinusoidal curved surface structure and spherical surface grid structure. The results indicated that maintaining a deposition inclined angle below 15° is crucial to ensure surface accuracy in continuous fiber printed parts. Curved surface bending samples printed with NPS method exhibit substantial enhancements in bending performance and surface accuracy compared to those produced using planar slicing (PS). The NPS-CF sample achieves a remarkable increase of over 170% in maximum bending force and a 63% reduction in surface roughness compared to the PS-CF sample.
{"title":"Non-planar additive manufacturing of pre-impregnated continuous fiber reinforced composites using a three-axis printer","authors":"Shouling Ding, Bin Zou, Qingyang Liu, Xinfeng Wang, Jikai Liu, Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"Non-planar additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrates great potential in enhancing interlayer bonding force and surface smoothness of parts, offering a more flexible design and manufacturing approach for continuous fiber composites to fully exploit material capabilities. This study developed a three-axis printer utilizing an adjustable fiber printing head that can achieve non-planar slicing (NPS) AM of pre-impregnated continuous fibers. The research delves into the influence of deposition inclined angle on the surface roughness of printed samples, enabling the design and printing of NPS samples using continuous carbon fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF), and hybrid fiber composites. The investigation also assesses bending failure morphologies of the printed parts and validates the efficacy of the NPS method through the fabrication of the double-sinusoidal curved surface structure and spherical surface grid structure. The results indicated that maintaining a deposition inclined angle below 15° is crucial to ensure surface accuracy in continuous fiber printed parts. Curved surface bending samples printed with NPS method exhibit substantial enhancements in bending performance and surface accuracy compared to those produced using planar slicing (PS). The NPS-CF sample achieves a remarkable increase of over 170% in maximum bending force and a 63% reduction in surface roughness compared to the PS-CF sample.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The weld cladding on the inner surface of nuclear pressure vessels due to irradiation damage and thermal effect presents to a safety issue. Unfortunately, the effect of irradiation and long-term thermal treatment on the austenitic microstructure and austenitic hardening in austenitic stainless steel weld metals (ASSWMs) remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of irradiation and thermal treatment on the austenitic microstructures and austenitic hardening of 308L ASSWMs were investigated using nanoindentation, atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that irradiation resulted in the formation of Ni/Si-rich clusters, voids, and Frank loops in austenite, thereby inducing austenitic hardening. Subsequently, thermal treatment decreased the size and the number of Frank loops in irradiated austenite, which had a minor effect on austenitic hardening. However, thermal treatment promoted the growth of Ni/Si-rich clusters and void formation, which have a primary effect on austenitic hardening, thereby enhancing the hardening of irradiated austenite. Furthermore, thermal treatment has little effect on the microstructure and hardening of austenite. Then, irradiation promoted the formation of Ni/Si-rich clusters, voids, and Frank loops in thermally treated austenite, resulting in austenitic hardening. The interaction of irradiation and thermal treatment can promote the formation of voids. The austenitic hardening was mainly due to the contribution of Frank loops, voids, and Ni/Si-rich clusters, which acted as short-range barriers by pin-moving dislocations.
{"title":"Clarifying the effect of irradiation and thermal treatment on the austenitic microstructure and austenitic hardening in austenitic stainless steel weld metal","authors":"Xiaodong Gao, Xiaodong Lin, Lining Xu, Yaolei Han, Qunjia Peng, Lijie Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.196","url":null,"abstract":"The weld cladding on the inner surface of nuclear pressure vessels due to irradiation damage and thermal effect presents to a safety issue. Unfortunately, the effect of irradiation and long-term thermal treatment on the austenitic microstructure and austenitic hardening in austenitic stainless steel weld metals (ASSWMs) remains poorly understood. In this study, the effects of irradiation and thermal treatment on the austenitic microstructures and austenitic hardening of 308L ASSWMs were investigated using nanoindentation, atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that irradiation resulted in the formation of Ni/Si-rich clusters, voids, and Frank loops in austenite, thereby inducing austenitic hardening. Subsequently, thermal treatment decreased the size and the number of Frank loops in irradiated austenite, which had a minor effect on austenitic hardening. However, thermal treatment promoted the growth of Ni/Si-rich clusters and void formation, which have a primary effect on austenitic hardening, thereby enhancing the hardening of irradiated austenite. Furthermore, thermal treatment has little effect on the microstructure and hardening of austenite. Then, irradiation promoted the formation of Ni/Si-rich clusters, voids, and Frank loops in thermally treated austenite, resulting in austenitic hardening. The interaction of irradiation and thermal treatment can promote the formation of voids. The austenitic hardening was mainly due to the contribution of Frank loops, voids, and Ni/Si-rich clusters, which acted as short-range barriers by pin-moving dislocations.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.025
Heng Zou, Yi Sun, Mengxiong Chen, Yuan Jiang, Yang Fu, Huiwen Xiong, Lei Zhang, Kechao Zhou
Metal injection molding of aluminium alloy (MIM-Al) attracts attention, owing to the lightweight, corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity. However, it is hard to fabricate high-quality MIM-Al due to the hard-to-sinter powder and poor mechanical properties. Here, we report a facile compression molding process for fabricating high-density 7075Al alloy parts using polyformaldehyde (POM)-based feedstock. Pressureless sintering with a high nitrogen flow rate was adopted to promote sintering densification process. The wetting behavior, rheological properties, and morphology of the feedstock were characterized, showcasing the shear-thinning behavior and suitable viscosity for POM-PP-SA binder. Through controlling the compact pressure, mold temperature and holding time, green gear part with good shape retention and dense microstructure was achieved. Influence of process factors and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075Al alloy are investigated. Remarkably, the aluminum alloy components sintered at 610 °C exhibited excellent performance, with a relative density reaching 97.6 % and a tensile strength of 214.8 MPa. This achievement provides a foundation for the industrial application of complex-shaped aluminum alloy components through the compression molding process.
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical property of high-density 7075 Al alloy by compression molding of POM-based feedstock","authors":"Heng Zou, Yi Sun, Mengxiong Chen, Yuan Jiang, Yang Fu, Huiwen Xiong, Lei Zhang, Kechao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"Metal injection molding of aluminium alloy (MIM-Al) attracts attention, owing to the lightweight, corrosion resistance and good thermal conductivity. However, it is hard to fabricate high-quality MIM-Al due to the hard-to-sinter powder and poor mechanical properties. Here, we report a facile compression molding process for fabricating high-density 7075Al alloy parts using polyformaldehyde (POM)-based feedstock. Pressureless sintering with a high nitrogen flow rate was adopted to promote sintering densification process. The wetting behavior, rheological properties, and morphology of the feedstock were characterized, showcasing the shear-thinning behavior and suitable viscosity for POM-PP-SA binder. Through controlling the compact pressure, mold temperature and holding time, green gear part with good shape retention and dense microstructure was achieved. Influence of process factors and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075Al alloy are investigated. Remarkably, the aluminum alloy components sintered at 610 °C exhibited excellent performance, with a relative density reaching 97.6 % and a tensile strength of 214.8 MPa. This achievement provides a foundation for the industrial application of complex-shaped aluminum alloy components through the compression molding process.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.021
Ning Xu, Lingyu Wang, Jun Hu, Zhigang Jia, Weilin Xue, Wei Xu
Different initial microstructures significantly influence the final microstructures and mechanical properties of the intercritically annealed quenching and partitioning steels. Previous studies have primarily focused on the mechanism for the inheritance of different initial microstructures into the final microstructures, which affects the phase fraction and mechanical properties. However, these studies have overlooked the existence of an inheritance window in the intercritical annealing process. In this study, we investigated the inheritance window and explored the impact of varying initial microstructures on the reverse transformation of austenite, final phase fraction, and mechanical properties. Our findings reveal that the varying initial microstructure exhibits minimal influence on the final microstructure and mechanical properties for short or long annealing times. However, for the intercritical annealing treatment for 60 s, the initial microstructure of martensite with more nucleation sites accelerated the austenite reverse transformation fraction, enhanced the reverse-transformed austenite content, increased the primary martensite content, and improved the yield strength. Conversely, the coil-cooled sample, with initial microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite without dissoluble Mn-rich cementites, reduced the austenite reverse transformation rate, decreased the reverse-transformed austenite content, enhanced the ferrite and RA content, and improved ductility.
不同的初始微观结构会对中间退火淬火和分区钢的最终微观结构和机械性能产生重大影响。以往的研究主要关注不同初始微观结构继承到最终微观结构的机制，这种机制会影响相分数和机械性能。然而，这些研究忽略了临界退火过程中存在的继承窗口。在本研究中，我们研究了继承窗口，并探讨了不同初始微观结构对奥氏体反向转变、最终相分数和机械性能的影响。我们的研究结果表明，无论退火时间长短，不同的初始微观结构对最终微观结构和机械性能的影响都很小。然而，在 60 秒的临界退火处理中，具有更多成核位点的马氏体初始微观结构加快了奥氏体反向转变分数，提高了反向转变奥氏体含量，增加了原始马氏体含量，并改善了屈服强度。相反，线圈冷却样品的初始微观结构由铁素体和波来石组成，不含可溶性富锰胶结物，降低了奥氏体反向转变率，减少了反向转变奥氏体含量，提高了铁素体和 RA 含量，并改善了延展性。
{"title":"Effect of microstructural inheritance window on the mechanical properties of an intercritically annealed Q&P steel","authors":"Ning Xu, Lingyu Wang, Jun Hu, Zhigang Jia, Weilin Xue, Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"Different initial microstructures significantly influence the final microstructures and mechanical properties of the intercritically annealed quenching and partitioning steels. Previous studies have primarily focused on the mechanism for the inheritance of different initial microstructures into the final microstructures, which affects the phase fraction and mechanical properties. However, these studies have overlooked the existence of an inheritance window in the intercritical annealing process. In this study, we investigated the inheritance window and explored the impact of varying initial microstructures on the reverse transformation of austenite, final phase fraction, and mechanical properties. Our findings reveal that the varying initial microstructure exhibits minimal influence on the final microstructure and mechanical properties for short or long annealing times. However, for the intercritical annealing treatment for 60 s, the initial microstructure of martensite with more nucleation sites accelerated the austenite reverse transformation fraction, enhanced the reverse-transformed austenite content, increased the primary martensite content, and improved the yield strength. Conversely, the coil-cooled sample, with initial microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite without dissoluble Mn-rich cementites, reduced the austenite reverse transformation rate, decreased the reverse-transformed austenite content, enhanced the ferrite and RA content, and improved ductility.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.023
Madeleing Taborda Barraza, Luis Urbano Durlo Tambara Junior, Jonas Alexandre, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, Juliane Castro Carneiro, Luiz Gustavo Cruz Henrique da Silva, Afonso R.G.de Azevedo
Port operation activities have been expanding globally, driven by globalization and increased cargo handling. Developing countries, such as Brazil, China, and India, are experiencing a rise in the construction of modern ports. Recently, sustainability concepts have been integrated into maritime transportation, focusing on the construction and management of ports and exploring the reuse of waste generated during operations. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential application of the dredging material of port of açu (DMPA), sourced from a new private port in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in developing sustainable construction materials. The dredged material, collected from the bottom of the shipping canal was physically, chemically, and morphologically characterized to compare its results with the processing and application requirements for alternative materials. A standard method for primary processing was developed, providing deeper insights into the material’s condition. Results indicate that the natural dredged material can be utilized as a filler in interlocking blocks or mortar. Additionally, an alternative processing route involving calcination can enhance the material's reactivity, presenting opportunities for higher-value applications, although the energy costs must be considered. The calcination of 650 °C resulted in a higher pozzolanic index, increasing its reactivity. The study concludes that port dredging waste from this case study has significant potential for use in sustainable building material development.
{"title":"Characterization of port dredging waste for potential used as incorporation on materials for civil construction: A case study in Brazil","authors":"Madeleing Taborda Barraza, Luis Urbano Durlo Tambara Junior, Jonas Alexandre, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, Juliane Castro Carneiro, Luiz Gustavo Cruz Henrique da Silva, Afonso R.G.de Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"Port operation activities have been expanding globally, driven by globalization and increased cargo handling. Developing countries, such as Brazil, China, and India, are experiencing a rise in the construction of modern ports. Recently, sustainability concepts have been integrated into maritime transportation, focusing on the construction and management of ports and exploring the reuse of waste generated during operations. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential application of the dredging material of port of açu (DMPA), sourced from a new private port in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in developing sustainable construction materials. The dredged material, collected from the bottom of the shipping canal was physically, chemically, and morphologically characterized to compare its results with the processing and application requirements for alternative materials. A standard method for primary processing was developed, providing deeper insights into the material’s condition. Results indicate that the natural dredged material can be utilized as a filler in interlocking blocks or mortar. Additionally, an alternative processing route involving calcination can enhance the material's reactivity, presenting opportunities for higher-value applications, although the energy costs must be considered. The calcination of 650 °C resulted in a higher pozzolanic index, increasing its reactivity. The study concludes that port dredging waste from this case study has significant potential for use in sustainable building material development.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium (Mg)-based amorphous alloys hold significant potential for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries. However, they are limited by their smaller size compared to other amorphous alloys. A higher reduced glass transition temperature () is associated with larger sizes in Mg-based amorphous alloys. Yet, due to the vast chemical space involved, designing Mg-based amorphous alloys with higher using traditional ‘trial and error’ method is a challenging endeavor. In this work, we developed a property-driven active learning strategy to customize Mg-based amorphous alloys with enhanced . After just two iterations, we successfully tailored four amorphous alloys with high values. Under identical experimental conditions, two of these alloys exhibited values surpassing that of MgAgCuGd, the alloy with best value in the reported references. SHAP analysis revealed that tends to be higher when the Ag atomic ratio exceeds 0.045, the Cu atomic ratio is below 0.18, the Ni atomic ratio is below 0.025, and the Mg atomic ratio is below 0.665. Our work offers a reliable strategy for designing Mg-based amorphous alloys with higher and provides valuable insights for the rational design of these alloys.
{"title":"Accelerated discovery of Magnesium-based amorphous alloys through a property-driven active learning strategy","authors":"Weibin Ma, Bingyao Liu, Tian Lu, Wencong Lu, Chang Ren, Leikai Xing, Minjie Li, Kang Sun, Aimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium (Mg)-based amorphous alloys hold significant potential for applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries. However, they are limited by their smaller size compared to other amorphous alloys. A higher reduced glass transition temperature () is associated with larger sizes in Mg-based amorphous alloys. Yet, due to the vast chemical space involved, designing Mg-based amorphous alloys with higher using traditional ‘trial and error’ method is a challenging endeavor. In this work, we developed a property-driven active learning strategy to customize Mg-based amorphous alloys with enhanced . After just two iterations, we successfully tailored four amorphous alloys with high values. Under identical experimental conditions, two of these alloys exhibited values surpassing that of MgAgCuGd, the alloy with best value in the reported references. SHAP analysis revealed that tends to be higher when the Ag atomic ratio exceeds 0.045, the Cu atomic ratio is below 0.18, the Ni atomic ratio is below 0.025, and the Mg atomic ratio is below 0.665. Our work offers a reliable strategy for designing Mg-based amorphous alloys with higher and provides valuable insights for the rational design of these alloys.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.028
Qiang Tian, Wenwen Zhang, Jinhui Du, Tonggang Lu, Yunlong Liu, Xingang Liu, Hucheng Li, Kaiyao Wang
This work systematically investigated the coarsening, dissolution, and morphological evolution behavior of γ′ precipitates in GH4742 superalloy through carefully designed heat treatment experiments. During long-term aging processes at 650 °C, 750 °C, and 850 °C, the coarsening model of γ′ precipitates followed the classic function of vs. , consistent with the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) coarsening model (diffusion-controlled). Due to higher diffusion coefficients of γ′ forming elements at higher temperatures, the coarsening rate increased with aging temperature. The dynamical models for the dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates were established during sub-solvus (1080 °C) and super-solvus (1120 °C) heat treatment processes. The results indicated rapid dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates in the initial stages of solution heat treatment, with the dissolution rate gradually decreasing as the treatment time extended, approaching the γ′ precipitate size at thermodynamic equilibrium. During subsequent slow cooling at 14 °C/min after super-solvus (1120 °C) heat treatment, irregular-shaped γ′ precipitates formed through “aggregation” of adjacent γ′ precipitates, followed by “splitting” into smaller γ′ precipitates during growing up. Conversely, during subsequent slow cooling at 14 °C/min after sub-solvus (1080 °C) heat treatment, irregular-shaped γ′ precipitates were mainly controlled by unstable growth and “splitting” of cubic-shaped γ′ precipitates. For individual γ′ precipitates, the portion undergoing unstable growth (protrusions) did not undergo further splitting.
{"title":"Growth and dissolution behavior and morphology evolution of γ′ precipitates in GH4742 nickel-based superalloy","authors":"Qiang Tian, Wenwen Zhang, Jinhui Du, Tonggang Lu, Yunlong Liu, Xingang Liu, Hucheng Li, Kaiyao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"This work systematically investigated the coarsening, dissolution, and morphological evolution behavior of γ′ precipitates in GH4742 superalloy through carefully designed heat treatment experiments. During long-term aging processes at 650 °C, 750 °C, and 850 °C, the coarsening model of γ′ precipitates followed the classic function of vs. , consistent with the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) coarsening model (diffusion-controlled). Due to higher diffusion coefficients of γ′ forming elements at higher temperatures, the coarsening rate increased with aging temperature. The dynamical models for the dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates were established during sub-solvus (1080 °C) and super-solvus (1120 °C) heat treatment processes. The results indicated rapid dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates in the initial stages of solution heat treatment, with the dissolution rate gradually decreasing as the treatment time extended, approaching the γ′ precipitate size at thermodynamic equilibrium. During subsequent slow cooling at 14 °C/min after super-solvus (1120 °C) heat treatment, irregular-shaped γ′ precipitates formed through “aggregation” of adjacent γ′ precipitates, followed by “splitting” into smaller γ′ precipitates during growing up. Conversely, during subsequent slow cooling at 14 °C/min after sub-solvus (1080 °C) heat treatment, irregular-shaped γ′ precipitates were mainly controlled by unstable growth and “splitting” of cubic-shaped γ′ precipitates. For individual γ′ precipitates, the portion undergoing unstable growth (protrusions) did not undergo further splitting.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.031
Ce Zhang, Xiangyang Liu, Langping Zhu, Xin Liu, Xianfei Ding, Rui Liu, Xin Lu
Repairing defects in titanium alloy components is economically justified due to their high cost. In this work, Ti–6Al–4V samples with large area hole defects are repaired by transient liquid-phase sintering. The microstructure and tensile properties after repair have been investigated. The factors of different base powder morphology and the ratio of braze metal are also studied. The results show that by using spherical Ti64 alloy powder with 40 wt% TiZrCuNi braze alloy powder, an overall repair effect with high-density repair zone and good interface combination can be obtained at 960 °C for 3 h. The tensile strength of the as-repaired exceeds that of the matrix, but the elongation is lower than that of the matrix. Finally, the repair experiment conducted at various angles demonstrates this technique's strong practical feasibility.
由于钛合金部件的成本较高，对其缺陷进行修复在经济上是合理的。在这项工作中，通过瞬态液相烧结修复了具有大面积孔洞缺陷的 Ti-6Al-4V 样品。研究了修复后的微观结构和拉伸性能。同时还研究了不同基体粉末形态和钎焊金属比例的因素。结果表明，通过使用球形 Ti64 合金粉末与 40 wt% TiZrCuNi 钎焊合金粉末，在 960 °C 3 h 的条件下可获得具有高密度修复区和良好界面结合的整体修复效果，修复后的拉伸强度超过基体，但伸长率低于基体。最后，在不同角度进行的修复实验证明了该技术具有很强的实用性。
{"title":"Microstructure and tensile properties of transient liquid phase (TLP) sintering repaired Ti–6Al–4V alloys with large area hole defect","authors":"Ce Zhang, Xiangyang Liu, Langping Zhu, Xin Liu, Xianfei Ding, Rui Liu, Xin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"Repairing defects in titanium alloy components is economically justified due to their high cost. In this work, Ti–6Al–4V samples with large area hole defects are repaired by transient liquid-phase sintering. The microstructure and tensile properties after repair have been investigated. The factors of different base powder morphology and the ratio of braze metal are also studied. The results show that by using spherical Ti64 alloy powder with 40 wt% TiZrCuNi braze alloy powder, an overall repair effect with high-density repair zone and good interface combination can be obtained at 960 °C for 3 h. The tensile strength of the as-repaired exceeds that of the matrix, but the elongation is lower than that of the matrix. Finally, the repair experiment conducted at various angles demonstrates this technique's strong practical feasibility.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The immiscible and non-reactive Fe/Mg (304SS/AZ31B) dissimilar metals were butt joined by MIG-TIG double-sided arc welding-brazing (DSAWB) with AZ31 magnesium alloy welding wire. The brazing interface was metallurgically joined through the mutual diffusion of elements (Al, Fe and Mg) with the formation of α-Fe(Mg, Al) solid solution and FeAl intermetallic compound (IMC) at the interface. The joint tensile strength reached a maximum value of 235 MPa, which was 93.98 % of the base metal-Mg alloy. The joint tensile strength was influenced by the combination of joint forming and interface strength, with the latter being the main contributing factor. When the welding heat input was low, increasing the heat input by adjusting the welding parameters were advantageous for the wetting and spreading of liquid metal on the steel base material, ultimately improving the joint forming. The diffusion of elements in the brazing interface area was enhanced, resulting in improved interface strength when the diffusion distance of elements was maintained within the range of 1 μm–2.6 μm. The tensile strength remained high due to the excellent joint forming and interface strength. As the welding heat input continued to increase, excessive molten metal in the weld seam caused uneven joint forming, particularly on the back side. The diffusion of elements in the brazing interface area led to an increase in the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, resulting in a decrease in interface strength. The overall tensile strength decreased due to the combined effect of both factors.
{"title":"Regulation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the immiscible Fe/Mg dissimilar metal joints using MIG-TIG double-sided arc welding-brazing","authors":"Sihua Liu, Shiming Huang, Zhi Cheng, Jihua Huang, Jing Wen, Chunhuan Chen, Ruiming Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"The immiscible and non-reactive Fe/Mg (304SS/AZ31B) dissimilar metals were butt joined by MIG-TIG double-sided arc welding-brazing (DSAWB) with AZ31 magnesium alloy welding wire. The brazing interface was metallurgically joined through the mutual diffusion of elements (Al, Fe and Mg) with the formation of α-Fe(Mg, Al) solid solution and FeAl intermetallic compound (IMC) at the interface. The joint tensile strength reached a maximum value of 235 MPa, which was 93.98 % of the base metal-Mg alloy. The joint tensile strength was influenced by the combination of joint forming and interface strength, with the latter being the main contributing factor. When the welding heat input was low, increasing the heat input by adjusting the welding parameters were advantageous for the wetting and spreading of liquid metal on the steel base material, ultimately improving the joint forming. The diffusion of elements in the brazing interface area was enhanced, resulting in improved interface strength when the diffusion distance of elements was maintained within the range of 1 μm–2.6 μm. The tensile strength remained high due to the excellent joint forming and interface strength. As the welding heat input continued to increase, excessive molten metal in the weld seam caused uneven joint forming, particularly on the back side. The diffusion of elements in the brazing interface area led to an increase in the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, resulting in a decrease in interface strength. The overall tensile strength decreased due to the combined effect of both factors.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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