Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.005
Weiming Li, Zhong Yang, Ping Wang, Lele Liu, Yimeng Wang, Shaoqing Wang, Li Chang, Li Ma
In order to study the effect of isothermal oxidation and cyclic oxidation on the oxide layer growth process of titanium alloys, high-temperature oxidization tests were conducted on TC11（Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si）titanium alloy in air at 650 °C. After 300 h of oxidization, the isothermal oxidation causes the formation of a dense oxide layer, contributing to increased resistance to further oxidization. During cyclic oxidization, the oxide layer exhibits a needle-like feature, containing large pores. The thickness of the oxide layers formed by cyclic oxidation and isothermal oxidation are approximately 8.6 μm and 2.7 μm, respectively. Under specific temperatures and oxidizing times, the isothermal oxidation process is controlled by the diffusion mechanism of oxygen, whereas the cyclic oxidation process is controlled by a combination of the interfacial reaction control and the diffusion mechanism of oxygen. This results in greater diffusion coefficients and faster growth kinetics for cyclic oxidation.
{"title":"Effect of different oxidation modes on the growth of oxide layer of TC11 titanium alloy","authors":"Weiming Li, Zhong Yang, Ping Wang, Lele Liu, Yimeng Wang, Shaoqing Wang, Li Chang, Li Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effect of isothermal oxidation and cyclic oxidation on the oxide layer growth process of titanium alloys, high-temperature oxidization tests were conducted on TC11（Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si）titanium alloy in air at 650 °C. After 300 h of oxidization, the isothermal oxidation causes the formation of a dense oxide layer, contributing to increased resistance to further oxidization. During cyclic oxidization, the oxide layer exhibits a needle-like feature, containing large pores. The thickness of the oxide layers formed by cyclic oxidation and isothermal oxidation are approximately 8.6 μm and 2.7 μm, respectively. Under specific temperatures and oxidizing times, the isothermal oxidation process is controlled by the diffusion mechanism of oxygen, whereas the cyclic oxidation process is controlled by a combination of the interfacial reaction control and the diffusion mechanism of oxygen. This results in greater diffusion coefficients and faster growth kinetics for cyclic oxidation.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study systematically investigates the effects of high-power continuous wave laser (CWL) treatment on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of SM400A steel, comparing these outcomes with those of untreated specimens. The findings reveal that while CWL treatment enhances surface hardness, it has minimal impact on the strength of thick structural steel components. However, excessive laser energy density leads to surface defects and softening of the microstructure, adversely affecting the material's toughness. This results in a reduction in elongation at fracture, transitioning the failure mode from ductile to brittle. The study concludes that to ensure the safe use of laser-treated structures, the laser energy density should be carefully controlled not to exceed 3000 J/cm.
{"title":"Mechanical properties and tensile failure mechanisms of SM400A steel treated by high-power continuous-wave laser","authors":"Qidi Wang, Shigenobu Kainuma, Shusen Zhuang, Kazuhisa Fujita, Xin Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study systematically investigates the effects of high-power continuous wave laser (CWL) treatment on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of SM400A steel, comparing these outcomes with those of untreated specimens. The findings reveal that while CWL treatment enhances surface hardness, it has minimal impact on the strength of thick structural steel components. However, excessive laser energy density leads to surface defects and softening of the microstructure, adversely affecting the material's toughness. This results in a reduction in elongation at fracture, transitioning the failure mode from ductile to brittle. The study concludes that to ensure the safe use of laser-treated structures, the laser energy density should be carefully controlled not to exceed 3000 J/cm.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.017
Muthu Shanmugam Mannan, Changheui Jang
In this decade, the working temperature of the power plants significantly increased to above 700 °C to enhance efficiency. The corrosive species deposits on the hot section components were prone to corrosion damage at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the microstructure and high-temperature corrosion characteristics of the wrought and wire-arc additive manufactured (WAAM) 316L stainless steel in an aggressive molten NaSO + 25% NaCl salt and air environment at 750 °C. The corrosion rate of both wrought and WAAM-built 316L was higher in the molten salt (MS) environment compared to air due to the chloride and sulfate deposits. The wrought 316L was severely prone to corrosion damage with spallation and cracking, which was attributed to the dissolution of the non-protective FeO scale by Cl. The WAAM-built 316L showed the lower oxidation and depth of corrosion attack in both air and MS environments than the wrought steel due to the fine dendrite grains, resulting in the outward diffusion of more Cr. The accelerated degradation occurred on the WAAM and wrought 316L SS in MS condition due to the dissolution of CrO and the faster inward diffusion of Na. The detailed oxide growth, internal corrosion attack, and oxide failure mechanisms of the steels were explored in the air and MS conditions.
在这十年间，发电厂的工作温度大幅提高到 700 °C 以上，以提高效率。高温下，热段部件上的腐蚀性物质沉积容易造成腐蚀破坏。本研究调查了锻造和线弧添加剂制造（WAAM）的 316L 不锈钢在 750 °C 的腐蚀性熔融 NaSO + 25% NaCl 盐和空气环境中的微观结构和高温腐蚀特性。在熔盐 (MS) 环境中，由于氯化物和硫酸盐的沉积，锻造和 WAAM 制造的 316L 不锈钢的腐蚀速率比空气高。锻造的 316L 很容易发生剥落和开裂等腐蚀损坏，这归因于 Cl 溶解了无保护作用的 FeO 鳞片。与锻造钢相比，WAAM 制造的 316L 在空气和 MS 环境中的氧化程度和腐蚀深度都较低，这是因为细枝晶粒导致更多的铬向外扩散。在 MS 条件下，由于氧化铬的溶解和 Na 的快速向内扩散，WAAM 和锻造 316L SS 的降解速度加快。在空气和 MS 条件下，详细探讨了钢的氧化物生长、内部腐蚀侵蚀和氧化物失效机制。
{"title":"High temperature corrosion of wrought and wire arc additively manufactured 316L stainless steel in a simulated boiler environment","authors":"Muthu Shanmugam Mannan, Changheui Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"In this decade, the working temperature of the power plants significantly increased to above 700 °C to enhance efficiency. The corrosive species deposits on the hot section components were prone to corrosion damage at elevated temperatures. This study investigates the microstructure and high-temperature corrosion characteristics of the wrought and wire-arc additive manufactured (WAAM) 316L stainless steel in an aggressive molten NaSO + 25% NaCl salt and air environment at 750 °C. The corrosion rate of both wrought and WAAM-built 316L was higher in the molten salt (MS) environment compared to air due to the chloride and sulfate deposits. The wrought 316L was severely prone to corrosion damage with spallation and cracking, which was attributed to the dissolution of the non-protective FeO scale by Cl. The WAAM-built 316L showed the lower oxidation and depth of corrosion attack in both air and MS environments than the wrought steel due to the fine dendrite grains, resulting in the outward diffusion of more Cr. The accelerated degradation occurred on the WAAM and wrought 316L SS in MS condition due to the dissolution of CrO and the faster inward diffusion of Na. The detailed oxide growth, internal corrosion attack, and oxide failure mechanisms of the steels were explored in the air and MS conditions.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.018
Tianze Zhang, Zhaocheng Wei, Xueqin Wang, Xiuru Li, Minjie Wang
An efficient, speedy, multi-grooved (ESMG) mold was designed and manufactured for optimization to address issues such as low heat transfer rate, slow casting speed, and quality defects in traditional continuous casting molds. The flow resistance mechanism of multi-grooved channels with varying parameters was investigated by considering the ESMG geometric model, the convective heat transfer characteristic variation trends were revealed with different channel designs. Considering constraints of the dimensional chain and supply pressure, variation trends and mechanisms of the pressure drop, flow rate loss, and convective heat transfer coefficient of the ESMG mold were explored using multiple channel variables. Based on the numerical model of the ESMG channel, temperature variation trends in the copper mold were verified by comparison with relevant literature data, supporting the convective-heat-transfer model and variation trends of the ESMG mold. A high-efficiency heat-transfer ESMG assembly that casts U71Mn high-carbon large rectangular billets was fabricated, achieving a closed-loop dimensional chain and replacing traditional molds. Experimental validation on the continuous casting machine (CCM) proved directly that redesigning the ESMG mold cooling channel improved heat transfer efficiency and reduced CO emissions. After 504 h on the CCM, the ESMG mold casting speed increased from 1.1 to 1.6 m/min, the heat transfer efficiency was 17.6% higher than that of traditional molds and CO emissions were estimated to decrease by 31.2%. The billets produced by the ESMG mold had no quality defects in shape or surface with the original casting conditions, which provided enhanced support for accelerating continuous casting lines.
{"title":"Multi-grooved channel design in continuous casting mold for enhancing heat transfer efficiency considering pressure drop and flow rate loss","authors":"Tianze Zhang, Zhaocheng Wei, Xueqin Wang, Xiuru Li, Minjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient, speedy, multi-grooved (ESMG) mold was designed and manufactured for optimization to address issues such as low heat transfer rate, slow casting speed, and quality defects in traditional continuous casting molds. The flow resistance mechanism of multi-grooved channels with varying parameters was investigated by considering the ESMG geometric model, the convective heat transfer characteristic variation trends were revealed with different channel designs. Considering constraints of the dimensional chain and supply pressure, variation trends and mechanisms of the pressure drop, flow rate loss, and convective heat transfer coefficient of the ESMG mold were explored using multiple channel variables. Based on the numerical model of the ESMG channel, temperature variation trends in the copper mold were verified by comparison with relevant literature data, supporting the convective-heat-transfer model and variation trends of the ESMG mold. A high-efficiency heat-transfer ESMG assembly that casts U71Mn high-carbon large rectangular billets was fabricated, achieving a closed-loop dimensional chain and replacing traditional molds. Experimental validation on the continuous casting machine (CCM) proved directly that redesigning the ESMG mold cooling channel improved heat transfer efficiency and reduced CO emissions. After 504 h on the CCM, the ESMG mold casting speed increased from 1.1 to 1.6 m/min, the heat transfer efficiency was 17.6% higher than that of traditional molds and CO emissions were estimated to decrease by 31.2%. The billets produced by the ESMG mold had no quality defects in shape or surface with the original casting conditions, which provided enhanced support for accelerating continuous casting lines.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.010
Huaiyun Cui, Lin Lu, Zhiyong Liu
In this investigation, we explored the corrosion inhibition mechanism of an imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt (IQA) on J55 steel in simulated annulus environment through a series of experiments, including electrochemical testing, stress corrosion immersion experiments, and hydrogen permeation testing. Our findings reveal that IQA functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, exerting its inhibitory action through chemical adsorption. Notably, it exhibits a stronger inhibitory effect on the anodic dissolution reaction compared to the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. Despite the minor influence of tensile plastic strain on the average inhibition efficiency, it notably exacerbates pitting and initiates stress corrosion cracking. This underscores the limitation of average inhibition efficiency in accurately assessing IQA's efficacy against stress corrosion. Additionally, hydrogen permeation experiments and electrochemical testing demonstrate that plastic strain diminishes IQA's inhibitory effect on the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction, facilitating hydrogen diffusion into the steel substrate and thereby exacerbating stress corrosion in J55 steel. Consequently, at low IQA inhibitor concentrations (as in this study, 12.5 mg L), despite high average inhibition efficiency, it proves ineffective in mitigating stress corrosion.
{"title":"Strain effects on corrosion inhibition in stress corrosion of tubing steel","authors":"Huaiyun Cui, Lin Lu, Zhiyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, we explored the corrosion inhibition mechanism of an imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt (IQA) on J55 steel in simulated annulus environment through a series of experiments, including electrochemical testing, stress corrosion immersion experiments, and hydrogen permeation testing. Our findings reveal that IQA functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, exerting its inhibitory action through chemical adsorption. Notably, it exhibits a stronger inhibitory effect on the anodic dissolution reaction compared to the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. Despite the minor influence of tensile plastic strain on the average inhibition efficiency, it notably exacerbates pitting and initiates stress corrosion cracking. This underscores the limitation of average inhibition efficiency in accurately assessing IQA's efficacy against stress corrosion. Additionally, hydrogen permeation experiments and electrochemical testing demonstrate that plastic strain diminishes IQA's inhibitory effect on the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction, facilitating hydrogen diffusion into the steel substrate and thereby exacerbating stress corrosion in J55 steel. Consequently, at low IQA inhibitor concentrations (as in this study, 12.5 mg L), despite high average inhibition efficiency, it proves ineffective in mitigating stress corrosion.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The squeeze casting technique offers promising prospects for a wide range of applications, as it provides an effective solution to address the challenges associated with the poor casting performance of wrought aluminum alloys. In this paper, we implemented in-situ forging assisted squeeze casting (IFSC) to form an automobile control arm using a high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy modified with Zr and Er. The solidification defects, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the part were investigated under different pressures and in-situ forging using various analytical techniques. With the increase of squeezing pressure from 0 MPa to 120 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the sample increases from 500 MPa to 593.3 MPa, and the elongation is 4.35 %. After in-situ forging, the tensile strength of the sample is 600.9 MPa and the elongation is 5.59 %. UTS is comparable to squeeze casting, but the elongation is increased by 28.5 %. The results indicate that increasing the forming pressure enhances the surface quality of the parts and reduces the solidification defects. In addition, increasing the forming pressure not only refines the grain but also improves the grain morphology and enhances the uniformity of the structure. The squeezing pressure can enhance the contact between the alloy melt and the mold, increasing the metal's cooling rate and promoting nucleation for grain refinement. In-situ forging further facilitates liquid phase feeding, reduces alloy defects, and improves the overall mechanical properties.
{"title":"Effect of in-situ forging assisted squeeze casting on the forming quality and mechanical properties of automobile control arm","authors":"Wenbin Zhan, Tiantai Tian, Hongtu Xu, Bingli Hua, Liqun Niu, Bo Cui, Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"The squeeze casting technique offers promising prospects for a wide range of applications, as it provides an effective solution to address the challenges associated with the poor casting performance of wrought aluminum alloys. In this paper, we implemented in-situ forging assisted squeeze casting (IFSC) to form an automobile control arm using a high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy modified with Zr and Er. The solidification defects, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the part were investigated under different pressures and in-situ forging using various analytical techniques. With the increase of squeezing pressure from 0 MPa to 120 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the sample increases from 500 MPa to 593.3 MPa, and the elongation is 4.35 %. After in-situ forging, the tensile strength of the sample is 600.9 MPa and the elongation is 5.59 %. UTS is comparable to squeeze casting, but the elongation is increased by 28.5 %. The results indicate that increasing the forming pressure enhances the surface quality of the parts and reduces the solidification defects. In addition, increasing the forming pressure not only refines the grain but also improves the grain morphology and enhances the uniformity of the structure. The squeezing pressure can enhance the contact between the alloy melt and the mold, increasing the metal's cooling rate and promoting nucleation for grain refinement. In-situ forging further facilitates liquid phase feeding, reduces alloy defects, and improves the overall mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.182
Wang An, Zhihe Dou, Tingan Zhang, Jinru Han
In this study, CuCr50 alloys were prepared by aluminum thermal reduction-high frequency refining process, and the properties were improved through hot forging and heat treatment. With increasing deformation, large Cr particles were spheroidized and refined, significantly improving the performance of the alloy. When the deformation exceeds 27%, the conductivity reaches 17.73 MS/m, the hardness reaches 116.5 HB, and the density reaches 7.91 g/cm. After solution at 975 °C for 1h and aging at 550 °C for 4h, the conductivity of the CuCr50 alloy further increased to 19.63 MS/m, the hardness reaches 121.5 HB. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the conductivity, hardness and density are increased by 71.07%, 18.81% and 2.99%, respectively. In the 5% deformed CuCr50 alloy the precipitates of nanoscale Cr particles formed a co-lattice with the copper matrix. In the 14% deformed CuCr50 alloy, nanoscale Cr particles precipitated and dispersed in the Cu matrix, and the relationship between the precipitated Cr phase and the Cu matrix was incoherent. The amount of precipitated Cr phase in the 27% deformed CuCr50 alloy had a semi-coherent relationship with the Cu matrix, the orientations of Cu()//Cr(110). The hardness enhancement is mainly attributed to grain refinement and density increase, and the conductivity enhancement is mainly attributed to Cr particle precipitation after aging treatment.
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and property enhancement of CuCr50 alloys through the synergistic effects by hot-forging deformation and heat treatment","authors":"Wang An, Zhihe Dou, Tingan Zhang, Jinru Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.182","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, CuCr50 alloys were prepared by aluminum thermal reduction-high frequency refining process, and the properties were improved through hot forging and heat treatment. With increasing deformation, large Cr particles were spheroidized and refined, significantly improving the performance of the alloy. When the deformation exceeds 27%, the conductivity reaches 17.73 MS/m, the hardness reaches 116.5 HB, and the density reaches 7.91 g/cm. After solution at 975 °C for 1h and aging at 550 °C for 4h, the conductivity of the CuCr50 alloy further increased to 19.63 MS/m, the hardness reaches 121.5 HB. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the conductivity, hardness and density are increased by 71.07%, 18.81% and 2.99%, respectively. In the 5% deformed CuCr50 alloy the precipitates of nanoscale Cr particles formed a co-lattice with the copper matrix. In the 14% deformed CuCr50 alloy, nanoscale Cr particles precipitated and dispersed in the Cu matrix, and the relationship between the precipitated Cr phase and the Cu matrix was incoherent. The amount of precipitated Cr phase in the 27% deformed CuCr50 alloy had a semi-coherent relationship with the Cu matrix, the orientations of Cu()//Cr(110). The hardness enhancement is mainly attributed to grain refinement and density increase, and the conductivity enhancement is mainly attributed to Cr particle precipitation after aging treatment.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.011
Tingfeng Xia, Bojing Wu, Huanzhi Zhang, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun, Xiangcheng Lin, Caihang Liang, Lei Ma, Hongliang Peng, Bin Li, Erhu Yan
The development of advanced composite solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) is urgent to explore for improving solar energy harvesting and storage. Herein, novel composite SSPCMs with synergetic cross-linking structure were fabricated through polymerization using GO and TiO constructed on the polyurethane framework skeleton. GO and TiO synergetic enhanced polymer framework played a role as skeletal structure to encapsulate PEG in the molecular chains, and provided as highly thermal conductive pathways for the composite SSPCMs. TiO nanoparticles performed as extended surface on the skeletal structure for further improvement in thermal conductivity. The composite SSPCMs exhibited a remarkably improved thermal conductivity as high as 0.7 W/(m‧K) and fast thermal response rate. The good light adsorption property of TiO enhanced the light absorbance efficiency of the composite SSPCMs by 94.4%. And the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the composite SSPCMs highly reached 93.5%. Meanwhile, the composite SSPCMs exhibited excellent anti-leakage performance and shape stability under high temperature. Consequently, the as-prepared composite SSPCMs possessed a potential for applications in thermal energy storage and solar energy utilization systems.
{"title":"Titanium dioxide/graphene oxide synergetic reinforced composite phase change materials with excellent thermal energy storage and photo-thermal performances","authors":"Tingfeng Xia, Bojing Wu, Huanzhi Zhang, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun, Xiangcheng Lin, Caihang Liang, Lei Ma, Hongliang Peng, Bin Li, Erhu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"The development of advanced composite solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) is urgent to explore for improving solar energy harvesting and storage. Herein, novel composite SSPCMs with synergetic cross-linking structure were fabricated through polymerization using GO and TiO constructed on the polyurethane framework skeleton. GO and TiO synergetic enhanced polymer framework played a role as skeletal structure to encapsulate PEG in the molecular chains, and provided as highly thermal conductive pathways for the composite SSPCMs. TiO nanoparticles performed as extended surface on the skeletal structure for further improvement in thermal conductivity. The composite SSPCMs exhibited a remarkably improved thermal conductivity as high as 0.7 W/(m‧K) and fast thermal response rate. The good light adsorption property of TiO enhanced the light absorbance efficiency of the composite SSPCMs by 94.4%. And the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the composite SSPCMs highly reached 93.5%. Meanwhile, the composite SSPCMs exhibited excellent anti-leakage performance and shape stability under high temperature. Consequently, the as-prepared composite SSPCMs possessed a potential for applications in thermal energy storage and solar energy utilization systems.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was undertaken to understand the effect of annealing on the microstructural features of the melt-pool structure and the associated multiscale mechanical properties of the Al–2.5%Fe–2%Cu alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Microstructural characterizations and tensile tests were conducted for the LPBF-built specimen and those subsequently annealed at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 500 °C. Nanoindentation hardness mapping was used to evaluate the mechanical inhomogeneity of the melt-pool structure and its changes by annealing at different temperatures. The LPBF-manufactured sample exhibited a melt-pool structure containing numerous particles of the AlCuFe phase (28, orthorhombic structure) formed because of local melting and rapid solidification during the LPBF process. The relatively coarsened cellular structure localized along the melt-pool boundary resulted in local soft regions. The local vulnerability contributed to the direction dependence of the tensile ductility. A slight variation was observed in the inhomogeneous microstructure of the samples annealed at 200 or 300 °C. The formation of numerous AlCuFe nanoprecipitates in the α-Al supersaturated solid solution prevented strength loss after post-heat treatments. In addition, considerable coarsening of the intermetallic phase after annealing at 500 °C eliminated the melt-pool structure. The tensile performance of the specimens demonstrated a ductile fracture mode, wherein ductile fracture occurred in the α-Al matrix with low hardness while the harder θ-AlFe stable phase was embedded within it. The anisotropy in the mechanical properties was less pronounced owing to the significant microstructural changes.
本研究旨在了解退火对熔池结构微观特征的影响，以及通过激光粉末床熔化（LPBF）制造的铝-2.5%铁-2%铜合金的相关多尺度机械性能。对 LPBF 制成的试样以及随后在 200 至 500 °C 不同温度下退火的试样进行了微结构表征和拉伸试验。纳米压痕硬度图用于评估熔池结构的机械不均匀性及其在不同温度下退火后的变化。LPBF 制成的样品呈现出一种熔池结构，其中包含大量的 AlCuFe 相颗粒（28，正方体结构），这是因为在 LPBF 过程中局部熔化和快速凝固形成的。沿熔池边界局部相对粗化的蜂窝状结构导致了局部软化区域。局部软化导致了拉伸延性的方向依赖性。在 200 或 300 °C 下退火的样品的不均匀微观结构略有不同。在 α-Al 过饱和固溶体中形成的大量 AlCuFe 纳米沉淀物防止了后热处理后的强度损失。此外，在 500 °C 退火后，金属间相的大量粗化消除了熔池结构。试样的拉伸性能显示出一种韧性断裂模式，韧性断裂发生在硬度较低的α-Al基体中，而硬度较高的θ-AlFe稳定相则嵌入其中。由于微观结构的显著变化，机械性能的各向异性并不明显。
{"title":"Variation in microstructural features of melt-pool structure in laser powder bed fused Al–Fe–Cu alloy at elevated temperatures","authors":"Yue Cheng, Takanobu Miyawaki, Wenyuan Wang, Naoki Takata, Asuka Suzuki, Makoto Kobashi, Masaki Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to understand the effect of annealing on the microstructural features of the melt-pool structure and the associated multiscale mechanical properties of the Al–2.5%Fe–2%Cu alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Microstructural characterizations and tensile tests were conducted for the LPBF-built specimen and those subsequently annealed at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 500 °C. Nanoindentation hardness mapping was used to evaluate the mechanical inhomogeneity of the melt-pool structure and its changes by annealing at different temperatures. The LPBF-manufactured sample exhibited a melt-pool structure containing numerous particles of the AlCuFe phase (28, orthorhombic structure) formed because of local melting and rapid solidification during the LPBF process. The relatively coarsened cellular structure localized along the melt-pool boundary resulted in local soft regions. The local vulnerability contributed to the direction dependence of the tensile ductility. A slight variation was observed in the inhomogeneous microstructure of the samples annealed at 200 or 300 °C. The formation of numerous AlCuFe nanoprecipitates in the α-Al supersaturated solid solution prevented strength loss after post-heat treatments. In addition, considerable coarsening of the intermetallic phase after annealing at 500 °C eliminated the melt-pool structure. The tensile performance of the specimens demonstrated a ductile fracture mode, wherein ductile fracture occurred in the α-Al matrix with low hardness while the harder θ-AlFe stable phase was embedded within it. The anisotropy in the mechanical properties was less pronounced owing to the significant microstructural changes.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.012
Ding Zhao, Jiangkun Fan, Zesen Chen, Wenyuan Zhang, Zhixin Zhang, Bin Tang, Jian Wang, Hongchao Kou, Jinshan Li
In the continuous cooling process, the growth of the equiaxed α-phase grains in near-α high-temperature titanium alloys is controlled by the diffusion of alloying elements. Establishing a specific connection between the cooling rate and the diffusion behaviour of alloying elements aids in the precise prediction of the evolution of equiaxed α-phase grain size. This study meticulously controlled the cooling rate during the two-phase region annealing treatment of the Ti65 alloy. Using EPMA technology, the diffusion behaviour of solute elements during cooling was accurately characterized. The study found that slowing the cooling rate promotes the coarsening of the lamellar secondary α-phase grains and the growth of the primary equiaxed α-phase grains. At higher annealing temperatures, the growth of equiaxed α-phase grains can occur at faster cooling rates, while coarse lamellar secondary α-phase grains can be retained at slower cooling rates. The diffusion behaviour of solute elements Al, Ta, Mo, and W between the α-phase and transformed β-phase matrix is significantly influenced by the cooling rate, thus they are considered as the controlling elements for the growth of the equiaxed α-phase grains. Based on the diffusion behaviours of these controlling elements, their single-element diffusion models were categorized and integrated for predicting the grain size of the equiaxed α-phase. The predictions from the revised diffusion model show an excellent agreement with the actual results, with an error margin of about 5%.
{"title":"Cooling rate effects on microstructure and diffusion behaviour in Ti65 alloy: Insights from a modified diffusion model","authors":"Ding Zhao, Jiangkun Fan, Zesen Chen, Wenyuan Zhang, Zhixin Zhang, Bin Tang, Jian Wang, Hongchao Kou, Jinshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"In the continuous cooling process, the growth of the equiaxed α-phase grains in near-α high-temperature titanium alloys is controlled by the diffusion of alloying elements. Establishing a specific connection between the cooling rate and the diffusion behaviour of alloying elements aids in the precise prediction of the evolution of equiaxed α-phase grain size. This study meticulously controlled the cooling rate during the two-phase region annealing treatment of the Ti65 alloy. Using EPMA technology, the diffusion behaviour of solute elements during cooling was accurately characterized. The study found that slowing the cooling rate promotes the coarsening of the lamellar secondary α-phase grains and the growth of the primary equiaxed α-phase grains. At higher annealing temperatures, the growth of equiaxed α-phase grains can occur at faster cooling rates, while coarse lamellar secondary α-phase grains can be retained at slower cooling rates. The diffusion behaviour of solute elements Al, Ta, Mo, and W between the α-phase and transformed β-phase matrix is significantly influenced by the cooling rate, thus they are considered as the controlling elements for the growth of the equiaxed α-phase grains. Based on the diffusion behaviours of these controlling elements, their single-element diffusion models were categorized and integrated for predicting the grain size of the equiaxed α-phase. The predictions from the revised diffusion model show an excellent agreement with the actual results, with an error margin of about 5%.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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