Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.007
Ch Sateesh Kumar, Gorka Urbikain, Pablo Fernández De Lucio, Cristian Pérez-Salinas, Luis Norberto López De Lacalle, Filipe Fernandes
The current study examines how the self-lubricating characteristics of the novel TiSiVN coating affect the chip formation process and chip sliding velocity during the dry turning of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The serration bands tend to straighten at a cutting speed of 125 m/min, which is the main cause of the chips being straightened without tangling for both coated tools. TiSiVN coated tool accounts for higher chip sliding velocity due to the generation of lubricious phases, whereas the higher V for uncoated tool indicates high tool wear at the highest cutting speed of 125 m/min. Further, r and tend to have an inverse relationship with V with 125 m/min cutting speed remaining an exception due to severe changes in tool wear dynamics. The reduction of friction helped to lower the localized strain along the shear bands and the effective stress at the beginning of the formation of the serrated tooth.
本研究探讨了新型 TiSiVN 涂层的自润滑特性如何影响 Ti6Al4V 钛合金干车削过程中的切屑形成过程和切屑滑动速度。在 125 米/分钟的切削速度下，锯齿带趋于拉直，这是两种涂层刀具切屑拉直而不缠结的主要原因。由于产生了润滑相，TiSiVN 涂层刀具的切屑滑动速度较高，而未涂层刀具的 V 值较高，表明在 125 米/分钟的最高切削速度下刀具磨损严重。此外，r 和 V 呈反比关系，125 米/分钟的切削速度是个例外，因为刀具磨损动态发生了严重变化。摩擦的减少有助于降低沿剪切带的局部应变和锯齿形成初期的有效应力。
{"title":"Effect of V concentration in TiSiN monolayer coating on chip formation mechanism and chip sliding velocity during dry turning of Ti–6Al–4V alloy","authors":"Ch Sateesh Kumar, Gorka Urbikain, Pablo Fernández De Lucio, Cristian Pérez-Salinas, Luis Norberto López De Lacalle, Filipe Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines how the self-lubricating characteristics of the novel TiSiVN coating affect the chip formation process and chip sliding velocity during the dry turning of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The serration bands tend to straighten at a cutting speed of 125 m/min, which is the main cause of the chips being straightened without tangling for both coated tools. TiSiVN coated tool accounts for higher chip sliding velocity due to the generation of lubricious phases, whereas the higher V for uncoated tool indicates high tool wear at the highest cutting speed of 125 m/min. Further, r and tend to have an inverse relationship with V with 125 m/min cutting speed remaining an exception due to severe changes in tool wear dynamics. The reduction of friction helped to lower the localized strain along the shear bands and the effective stress at the beginning of the formation of the serrated tooth.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.183
Qingdong Zhang, Jinrong Zuo, Yingxiang Xia, Janusz Tomczak, Zbigniew Pater, Zheng Ma, Chen Yang, Xuedao Shu, Bizhou Mei, Guobiao Wang
The increasing demand for high-strength lightweight hollow shafts in transportation highlights the need for advanced fabrication techniques. Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys, noted for their superior properties, are selected for three-roll skew rolling (TRSR). In TRSR, the material undergoes combined axial tensile and radial compressive stresses. This study evaluates the feasibility of TRSR for producing high-strength lightweight hollow stepped shafts from Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. An integrated approach, including constitutive modeling, hot processing map development, and TRSR numerical simulations/experiments, is employed to optimize the TRSR forming process. The constitutive model was established based on 300°C–450 °C & 0.01–10 s hot compression and 350°C–430 °C & 0.1–5 s high-temperature tensile test data. The established Johnson-Cook optimization by genetic algorithms (GA-JC) model and unified viscoplastic constitutive model, accurately capture the alloy's hot deformation behavior, exhibiting minimal average absolute relative errors (AARE) of 5.431% and 5.808%, respectively. Microstructure evolution analyses shed light on the predominant softening mechanisms, emphasizing dynamic recovery (DRV) at elevated strain rates and diminishing texture intensity with escalating deformation temperatures. The composite hot processing map delineates optimal process parameters (400°C–450 °C & 0.1s-1s), facilitating informed decision-making in manufacturing practices. The validation of numerical simulations through TRSR forming experiments with initial temperature of 450 °C for the billet and axial moving speed of 10 mm/s for the chuck in affirms the feasibility of producing hollow stepped shafts from high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. Close agreement was found between simulated and experimental wall thickness variations. This study enhances understanding and optimization of TRSR forming for high-strength lightweight alloys, advancing industrial manufacturing methodologies.
运输业对高强度轻质空心轴的需求日益增长，这凸显了对先进制造技术的需求。铝-锌-镁-铜合金以其优异的性能而著称，被选中用于三辊斜轧（TRSR）。在 TRSR 中，材料要承受轴向拉伸应力和径向压缩应力。本研究评估了用 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 合金生产高强度轻质空心阶梯轴的 TRSR 可行性。研究采用了一种综合方法来优化 TRSR 成型工艺，其中包括力学模型、热加工图开发和 TRSR 数值模拟/实验。根据 300°C-450 °C & 0.01-10 s 热压缩和 350°C-430 °C & 0.1-5 s 高温拉伸测试数据建立了构成模型。所建立的遗传算法约翰逊-库克优化（GA-JC）模型和统一粘塑性构造模型准确地捕捉了合金的热变形行为，其平均绝对相对误差（AARE）分别为 5.431% 和 5.808%。显微组织演变分析揭示了主要的软化机制，强调了高应变速率下的动态恢复（DRV）以及随着变形温度升高而逐渐减弱的纹理强度。复合材料热加工图描述了最佳工艺参数（400°C-450°C 和 0.1s-1s），有助于在生产实践中做出明智的决策。在坯料初始温度为 450 ℃、卡盘轴向移动速度为 10 mm/s 的情况下，通过 TRSR 成型实验对数值模拟进行了验证，证实了用高强度铝锌镁铜合金生产空心阶梯轴的可行性。模拟壁厚变化与实验壁厚变化非常接近。这项研究加深了对高强度轻质合金 TRSR 成形的理解和优化，推动了工业制造方法的发展。
{"title":"Investigation of hot deformation behavior and three-roll skew rolling process for hollow stepped shaft of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy","authors":"Qingdong Zhang, Jinrong Zuo, Yingxiang Xia, Janusz Tomczak, Zbigniew Pater, Zheng Ma, Chen Yang, Xuedao Shu, Bizhou Mei, Guobiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.183","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for high-strength lightweight hollow shafts in transportation highlights the need for advanced fabrication techniques. Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys, noted for their superior properties, are selected for three-roll skew rolling (TRSR). In TRSR, the material undergoes combined axial tensile and radial compressive stresses. This study evaluates the feasibility of TRSR for producing high-strength lightweight hollow stepped shafts from Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. An integrated approach, including constitutive modeling, hot processing map development, and TRSR numerical simulations/experiments, is employed to optimize the TRSR forming process. The constitutive model was established based on 300°C–450 °C & 0.01–10 s hot compression and 350°C–430 °C & 0.1–5 s high-temperature tensile test data. The established Johnson-Cook optimization by genetic algorithms (GA-JC) model and unified viscoplastic constitutive model, accurately capture the alloy's hot deformation behavior, exhibiting minimal average absolute relative errors (AARE) of 5.431% and 5.808%, respectively. Microstructure evolution analyses shed light on the predominant softening mechanisms, emphasizing dynamic recovery (DRV) at elevated strain rates and diminishing texture intensity with escalating deformation temperatures. The composite hot processing map delineates optimal process parameters (400°C–450 °C & 0.1s-1s), facilitating informed decision-making in manufacturing practices. The validation of numerical simulations through TRSR forming experiments with initial temperature of 450 °C for the billet and axial moving speed of 10 mm/s for the chuck in affirms the feasibility of producing hollow stepped shafts from high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. Close agreement was found between simulated and experimental wall thickness variations. This study enhances understanding and optimization of TRSR forming for high-strength lightweight alloys, advancing industrial manufacturing methodologies.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FeCoNiCrCu high-entropy alloy (HEA) and Cu foils were utilized as the intermediate layer to conduct laser welding of TC4 titanium alloy and Q345 steel. Welding is performed by adding single HEA and Cu/HEA double foils as interlayer respectively. We conducted in-depth studies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint by stereomicroscopy, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro-area X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and tensile testing. The results indicate that the position of the copper foil significantly affects the microstructure and performance of the joint. When the copper foil is on the TC4 side, its lower melting point causes a deeper keyhole, resulting in a narrower weld bead and then reduced content of Fe and Ti in the weld. Simultaneously, the increased proportion of Cu in the weld significantly enhances the content of Cu-rich phases. In the weld zone, we observed freely distributed Cu-rich phases and Ti-rich phases generated along the interface. Under tensile loads, cracks primarily initiate and propagate along the Cu-rich phases, leading to typical delamination on the fracture surface. With the copper foil on the TC4 side, due to the increased copper content in the microstructure, the hardness of the interface between the titanium alloy and the weld decreases, while the joint exhibits the highest tensile strength, reaching a maximum of 417 MPa.
利用铁钴镍铬铜高熵合金（HEA）和铜箔作为中间层，对 TC4 钛合金和 Q345 钢进行激光焊接。焊接分别以单层 HEA 和 Cu/HEA 双箔作为中间层进行。我们通过体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、微区 X 射线衍射（XRD）、纳米压痕、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）和拉伸试验对接头的微观结构和机械性能进行了深入研究。结果表明，铜箔的位置对接头的微观结构和性能有很大影响。当铜箔位于 TC4 侧时，其较低的熔点会造成较深的锁孔，导致焊缝较窄，进而降低焊缝中铁和钛的含量。与此同时，焊缝中铜的比例增加会显著提高富铜相的含量。在焊接区，我们观察到自由分布的富 Cu 相和沿界面生成的富 Ti- 相。在拉伸载荷作用下，裂纹主要沿着富铜相生成和扩展，从而在断裂表面形成典型的分层。当铜箔位于 TC4 侧时，由于微观结构中的铜含量增加，钛合金与焊缝之间的界面硬度降低，而接头的抗拉强度最高，最大可达 417 兆帕。
{"title":"The influence of Cu on the microstructure and properties of TC4/Q345 high-entropy joints by laser welding","authors":"Ben Liu, Zongtao Zhu, Yunqi Liu, Hongming Liu, Yuanxing Li, Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"FeCoNiCrCu high-entropy alloy (HEA) and Cu foils were utilized as the intermediate layer to conduct laser welding of TC4 titanium alloy and Q345 steel. Welding is performed by adding single HEA and Cu/HEA double foils as interlayer respectively. We conducted in-depth studies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint by stereomicroscopy, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro-area X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and tensile testing. The results indicate that the position of the copper foil significantly affects the microstructure and performance of the joint. When the copper foil is on the TC4 side, its lower melting point causes a deeper keyhole, resulting in a narrower weld bead and then reduced content of Fe and Ti in the weld. Simultaneously, the increased proportion of Cu in the weld significantly enhances the content of Cu-rich phases. In the weld zone, we observed freely distributed Cu-rich phases and Ti-rich phases generated along the interface. Under tensile loads, cracks primarily initiate and propagate along the Cu-rich phases, leading to typical delamination on the fracture surface. With the copper foil on the TC4 side, due to the increased copper content in the microstructure, the hardness of the interface between the titanium alloy and the weld decreases, while the joint exhibits the highest tensile strength, reaching a maximum of 417 MPa.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.213
Shadab Ahmad, Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Jashanpreet Singh, Kunal Arora, Yebing Tian, Faiz Iqbal, Mawaheb Al-Dossari, M. Ijaz Khan
Exploring shape memory alloys (SMAs) is like diving into a world of material magic, especially when combined with additive manufacturing techniques. This detailed assessment delves into the fascinating realm of additive manufactured SMAs, examining their complex fabrication processes, captivating internal structures, wide-ranging applications, and unique properties. It is remarkable to observe how the combination of metals, particularly nickel and titanium, creates the very essence of SMA's capabilities and various other material combination for novel SMAs. Additional insights are provided regarding how additive manufacturing parameters and appropriate post-treatments can enable these materials to accomplish extraordinary functionalities. These SMAs also possess the ability to recollect and move, demonstrating superelasticity and the capacity to regain their original shape in various capacities. However, there are promising prospects for the development of novel SMA mixtures, enhanced post-treatments methods, and even more intelligent and responsive products with dimensional accuracy and uniformity. This work presents insights on opportunities in industries for resilient materials, ranging from everyday devices to the immense expanse of space and the human body. Even with the advancements, there is still work to be done in continuously improving their design and pocket comfort. This review not only presents information but also envisions a future in which additive manufactured SMAs are central to advancements in engineering and other fields.
探索形状记忆合金（SMA）就像潜入一个神奇的材料世界，尤其是在与快速成型技术相结合的情况下。本详细评估深入探讨了增材制造 SMA 的迷人领域，研究了其复杂的制造工艺、迷人的内部结构、广泛的应用和独特的性能。观察金属（尤其是镍和钛）的组合如何创造出 SMA 功能的精髓，以及新型 SMA 的各种其他材料组合，令人叹为观止。此外，还深入探讨了增材制造参数和适当的后处理如何使这些材料实现非凡的功能。这些 SMA 还具有回弹和移动能力，表现出超弹性和以各种方式恢复原状的能力。然而，新型 SMA 混合物、增强型后处理方法以及具有尺寸精度和均匀性的更智能、更灵敏产品的开发前景广阔。从日常设备到广袤的太空和人体，这项研究深入探讨了弹性材料在各行各业的应用机会。即使取得了进步，在不断改进设计和提高口袋舒适度方面仍有许多工作要做。这篇综述不仅介绍了相关信息，还展望了增材制造 SMA 成为工程和其他领域进步核心的未来。
{"title":"Innovations in additive manufacturing of shape memory alloys: Alloys, microstructures, treatments, applications","authors":"Shadab Ahmad, Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Jashanpreet Singh, Kunal Arora, Yebing Tian, Faiz Iqbal, Mawaheb Al-Dossari, M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.213","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring shape memory alloys (SMAs) is like diving into a world of material magic, especially when combined with additive manufacturing techniques. This detailed assessment delves into the fascinating realm of additive manufactured SMAs, examining their complex fabrication processes, captivating internal structures, wide-ranging applications, and unique properties. It is remarkable to observe how the combination of metals, particularly nickel and titanium, creates the very essence of SMA's capabilities and various other material combination for novel SMAs. Additional insights are provided regarding how additive manufacturing parameters and appropriate post-treatments can enable these materials to accomplish extraordinary functionalities. These SMAs also possess the ability to recollect and move, demonstrating superelasticity and the capacity to regain their original shape in various capacities. However, there are promising prospects for the development of novel SMA mixtures, enhanced post-treatments methods, and even more intelligent and responsive products with dimensional accuracy and uniformity. This work presents insights on opportunities in industries for resilient materials, ranging from everyday devices to the immense expanse of space and the human body. Even with the advancements, there is still work to be done in continuously improving their design and pocket comfort. This review not only presents information but also envisions a future in which additive manufactured SMAs are central to advancements in engineering and other fields.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the use of silicon carbide to strengthen CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with face-centered cubic structure. CoCrFeNi(SiC) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) HEAs were prepared through laser metal deposition. The effects of different contents of SiC particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNi HEA were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of SiC particles led to the formation of the CrC phase, which refined the grain size and shifted the grain orientation from <001> to <101>. With the further addition of SiC, the amount of CrC phase increased, and β-SiC particles appeared. The CrC phase increased the average hardness of specimens from 191.71 HV to 403.86 HV. Tensile tests showed that the 10 at.% SiC specimens exhibited a yield strength of 534.00 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 799.67 MPa, and an elongation of 8.17%, hence optimizing the combination of ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The improvement in mechanical properties is mainly attributed to the refinement of grain boundaries and enhancement of dislocation density.
本研究探讨了如何利用碳化硅来强化具有面心立方结构的 CoCrFeNi 高熵合金（HEAs）。通过激光金属沉积制备了 CoCrFeNi（SiC）（x = 0、0.1、0.2 和 0.3）高熵合金。研究了不同含量的 SiC 粒子对 CoCrFeNi HEA 的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明，SiC 颗粒的加入导致了 CrC 相的形成，CrC 相细化了晶粒尺寸，并使晶粒取向发生了转变。 随着 SiC 的进一步加入，CrC 相的数量增加，并出现了 β-SiC 颗粒。CrC 相使试样的平均硬度从 191.71 HV 提高到 403.86 HV。拉伸试验显示，10% SiC 试样的屈服强度为 534.00 兆帕，极限拉伸强度为 799.67 兆帕，伸长率为 8.17%，从而优化了极限拉伸强度和伸长率的组合。机械性能的改善主要归功于晶界的细化和位错密度的提高。
{"title":"Laser metal deposition of CoCrFeNi(SiC)x high-entropy alloys: Microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"Junjie Tan, Kang Peng, Xizhang Chen, Zhijun Tong, Chao Chen, Haoquan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the use of silicon carbide to strengthen CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with face-centered cubic structure. CoCrFeNi(SiC) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) HEAs were prepared through laser metal deposition. The effects of different contents of SiC particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNi HEA were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of SiC particles led to the formation of the CrC phase, which refined the grain size and shifted the grain orientation from <001> to <101>. With the further addition of SiC, the amount of CrC phase increased, and β-SiC particles appeared. The CrC phase increased the average hardness of specimens from 191.71 HV to 403.86 HV. Tensile tests showed that the 10 at.% SiC specimens exhibited a yield strength of 534.00 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 799.67 MPa, and an elongation of 8.17%, hence optimizing the combination of ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The improvement in mechanical properties is mainly attributed to the refinement of grain boundaries and enhancement of dislocation density.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pitting mechanism of 7 series high-strength aluminum (Al) alloys (7xxx) is investigated experimentally and numerically (finite element method, FEM) by comparing the characteristics of passive films and pitting kinetics of two types of 7xxx Al alloys. The point defect model (PDM) is used to evaluate the passive film properties in the two varieties of 7xxx Al alloy, and the FEM is employed to calculate the point defect diffusion process in detail. The results reveal that the two 7xxx Al alloys exhibit various microstructures, particularly the 7xxx-1, characterized by a robust (111) fiber texture and a lower proportion of low-angle grain boundaries than the 7xxx-2. The diffusivity of point defects in 7xxx-1 (3.85 × 10–52.74 × 10 cm s) is lower than that in 7xxx-2 (5.47 × 10–66.61 × 10 cm s) and the diffusion duration of 7xxx-1 is longer than 7xxx-2, which is closely associated with the rupture of passive film. Additionally, FEM proved that the initial shapes of pits dictate the progression of pitting, manifesting that the shallow dish shape grows laterally while the deep hole shape grows longitudinally.
通过比较两种 7xxx 铝合金的被动膜特性和点蚀动力学，对 7 系列高强度铝合金（7xxx）的点蚀机理进行了实验和数值（有限元法，FEM）研究。点缺陷模型（PDM）用于评估两种 7xxx Al 合金的被动膜特性，有限元法用于详细计算点缺陷扩散过程。结果表明，两种 7xxx Al 合金呈现出不同的微观结构，尤其是 7xxx-1 的特点是具有坚固的 (111) 纤维纹理，低角度晶界的比例低于 7xxx-2。7xxx-1 中点缺陷的扩散率（3.85 × 10-52.74 × 10 cm s）低于 7xxx-2 中点缺陷的扩散率（5.47 × 10-66.61 × 10 cm s），并且 7xxx-1 的扩散持续时间长于 7xxx-2，这与被动膜的破裂密切相关。此外，有限元分析还证明，凹坑的初始形状决定了凹坑的发展，表现为浅盘形向横向发展，而深孔形向纵向发展。
{"title":"Unraveling the passive film characteristic and pitting mechanism of the 7xxx high-strength Al alloy with different microstructures: Experimental and FEM simulation","authors":"Yue Hou, Shougang Chen, Yanan Pu, Zihao Guo, Congrui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"The pitting mechanism of 7 series high-strength aluminum (Al) alloys (7xxx) is investigated experimentally and numerically (finite element method, FEM) by comparing the characteristics of passive films and pitting kinetics of two types of 7xxx Al alloys. The point defect model (PDM) is used to evaluate the passive film properties in the two varieties of 7xxx Al alloy, and the FEM is employed to calculate the point defect diffusion process in detail. The results reveal that the two 7xxx Al alloys exhibit various microstructures, particularly the 7xxx-1, characterized by a robust (111) fiber texture and a lower proportion of low-angle grain boundaries than the 7xxx-2. The diffusivity of point defects in 7xxx-1 (3.85 × 10–52.74 × 10 cm s) is lower than that in 7xxx-2 (5.47 × 10–66.61 × 10 cm s) and the diffusion duration of 7xxx-1 is longer than 7xxx-2, which is closely associated with the rupture of passive film. Additionally, FEM proved that the initial shapes of pits dictate the progression of pitting, manifesting that the shallow dish shape grows laterally while the deep hole shape grows longitudinally.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.209
Wenhao Yang, Yanjun Zhou, Ran Yang, Shaodan Yang, Fei Zhou, Kexing Song, Jiang Feng, Hao Jiang, Xuebin Zhang, Juan Du
Cu–15Ni–8Sn-Nb alloys ( = 0, 0.2, 0.6 wt%) were prepared using a medium-frequency induction melting furnace. The effect of Nb addition on grain refinement and inhibition of discontinuous precipitation (DP) in Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloys was systematically studied to elucidate the mechanism by which microstructural characteristics contribute to strength improvement. The results indicate that the increase the Nb content from 0 to 0.6 wt% reduces the average grain size of the as-cast alloy from approximately 524.8 μm to approximately 81.3 μm, and significantly decreases the lamellar transition structure region (α+γ). During solution treatment, dispersed needle-like NbNi phases were observed in the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy. After aging, the DP growth rate in the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy was notably slower than those of the other alloys. This was attributed to NbNi phases at the grain boundaries hindering DP nucleation, with intragranular NbNi phases inhibiting DP growth. The phase transformation order of the solid solution Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb at 673 K aging is: spinodal structure → D0 ordered phase → L1 ordered phase → DP. The hardness and tensile strength of the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy peaked at 338.3 HV and 725.42 MPa, respectively, after aging for 120 min. Using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) and Arrhenius equations, the activation energies of DP in Cu–15Ni–8Sn-Nb (x = 0, 0.2, 0.6 wt%) alloys were calculated to be 93.19, 148.64, and 98.33 kJ/mol, respectively. These values suggest that the diffusion of DP atoms in the Nb-containing alloys is hindered, which effectively inhibits DP formation.
{"title":"Effect mechanism of Nb addition on grain refinement and inhibition of discontinuous precipitation of Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy","authors":"Wenhao Yang, Yanjun Zhou, Ran Yang, Shaodan Yang, Fei Zhou, Kexing Song, Jiang Feng, Hao Jiang, Xuebin Zhang, Juan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.209","url":null,"abstract":"Cu–15Ni–8Sn-Nb alloys ( = 0, 0.2, 0.6 wt%) were prepared using a medium-frequency induction melting furnace. The effect of Nb addition on grain refinement and inhibition of discontinuous precipitation (DP) in Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloys was systematically studied to elucidate the mechanism by which microstructural characteristics contribute to strength improvement. The results indicate that the increase the Nb content from 0 to 0.6 wt% reduces the average grain size of the as-cast alloy from approximately 524.8 μm to approximately 81.3 μm, and significantly decreases the lamellar transition structure region (α+γ). During solution treatment, dispersed needle-like NbNi phases were observed in the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy. After aging, the DP growth rate in the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy was notably slower than those of the other alloys. This was attributed to NbNi phases at the grain boundaries hindering DP nucleation, with intragranular NbNi phases inhibiting DP growth. The phase transformation order of the solid solution Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb at 673 K aging is: spinodal structure → D0 ordered phase → L1 ordered phase → DP. The hardness and tensile strength of the Cu–15Ni–8Sn-0.2Nb alloy peaked at 338.3 HV and 725.42 MPa, respectively, after aging for 120 min. Using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) and Arrhenius equations, the activation energies of DP in Cu–15Ni–8Sn-Nb (x = 0, 0.2, 0.6 wt%) alloys were calculated to be 93.19, 148.64, and 98.33 kJ/mol, respectively. These values suggest that the diffusion of DP atoms in the Nb-containing alloys is hindered, which effectively inhibits DP formation.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.214
Yongfeng Fang, Zhengwei Cheng, Kong Fah Tee
The strength and reliability of the additively manufactured titanium alloy wheel hub have been investigated and analyzed. The running speed of the supercar, which utilizes the additively manufactured titanium alloy wheel hub, is divided into three levels. The impact power on the wheel hub is computed for each speed level. Then, the maximum stress of the wheel hub under each level of impact is obtained using finite element analysis. Formulas for calculating the residual strength and reliability under each level of fatigue impact are provided. Additionally, formulas for calculating residual strength and reliability of wheel hubs, considering the random cross occurrence of the three types of impacts, are given. Finally, the changes in residual strength and reliability are analyzed. This method is not only suitable for the reliability calculation of additively manufactured titanium alloy wheels but also applicable to the reliability calculation of other alloy wheels.
{"title":"Reliability assessment of additively manufactured TB6 titanium alloy wheel hubs","authors":"Yongfeng Fang, Zhengwei Cheng, Kong Fah Tee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.214","url":null,"abstract":"The strength and reliability of the additively manufactured titanium alloy wheel hub have been investigated and analyzed. The running speed of the supercar, which utilizes the additively manufactured titanium alloy wheel hub, is divided into three levels. The impact power on the wheel hub is computed for each speed level. Then, the maximum stress of the wheel hub under each level of impact is obtained using finite element analysis. Formulas for calculating the residual strength and reliability under each level of fatigue impact are provided. Additionally, formulas for calculating residual strength and reliability of wheel hubs, considering the random cross occurrence of the three types of impacts, are given. Finally, the changes in residual strength and reliability are analyzed. This method is not only suitable for the reliability calculation of additively manufactured titanium alloy wheels but also applicable to the reliability calculation of other alloy wheels.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.212
Mingshuang Duan, Chunxiao Ren, Na Zheng, Mamdouh Omran, Ju Tang, Fan Zhang, Guo Chen
YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powders are an important structural and functional material. The agglomeration problem in the ceramic powder drying process must be resolved to prepare high-quality ceramic powder, and choosing the right drying techniques can significantly lessen ceramic powder agglomeration. YO–AlO–ZrO ceramic powder was dried using microwave drying. The drying kinetics of the powders were examined with their initial mass, moisture content, and microwave power. As microwave power, beginning moisture content, and initial mass rose, the average drying rate also increased, according to the experimental data. To better characterize the microwave drying process, the drying data were fitted and analyzed using four thin-layer drying kinetic models, namely Quadratic Model, Modified Page, Wang and Singh, and Two-term exponential. The outcomes demonstrate the good fitting effect of the Modified Page model and the compliance of the fitting parameters with the law. The samples before and after drying were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Calculating the diffusion coefficient by Fick's second law shows that the effective diffusion coefficient of YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powder is 5.6 × 10 m/s when the initial moisture content is 5%, the microwave heating power is 560 W, and the initial mass is 25 g. The activation energy for microwave drying of YO–AlO–ZrO ceramic powders was calculated to be 22.83 W/g according to the Arrhenius formula. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and rich experimental data for the study of microwave drying of YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powder.
{"title":"Experimental investigation and statistical analysis of the microwave drying process on the physical properties of Y2O3–Al2O3–ZrO2 composite ceramic powder","authors":"Mingshuang Duan, Chunxiao Ren, Na Zheng, Mamdouh Omran, Ju Tang, Fan Zhang, Guo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.212","url":null,"abstract":"YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powders are an important structural and functional material. The agglomeration problem in the ceramic powder drying process must be resolved to prepare high-quality ceramic powder, and choosing the right drying techniques can significantly lessen ceramic powder agglomeration. YO–AlO–ZrO ceramic powder was dried using microwave drying. The drying kinetics of the powders were examined with their initial mass, moisture content, and microwave power. As microwave power, beginning moisture content, and initial mass rose, the average drying rate also increased, according to the experimental data. To better characterize the microwave drying process, the drying data were fitted and analyzed using four thin-layer drying kinetic models, namely Quadratic Model, Modified Page, Wang and Singh, and Two-term exponential. The outcomes demonstrate the good fitting effect of the Modified Page model and the compliance of the fitting parameters with the law. The samples before and after drying were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Calculating the diffusion coefficient by Fick's second law shows that the effective diffusion coefficient of YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powder is 5.6 × 10 m/s when the initial moisture content is 5%, the microwave heating power is 560 W, and the initial mass is 25 g. The activation energy for microwave drying of YO–AlO–ZrO ceramic powders was calculated to be 22.83 W/g according to the Arrhenius formula. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and rich experimental data for the study of microwave drying of YO–AlO–ZrO composite ceramic powder.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.215
Yongji Li, Jianping Lin, Zhihao Zhao
The superelastic NiTi alloy's electrical resistivity exhibits significant variations in response to deformation, making it a highly attractive material for sensing applications. However, there exists a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the effects of grain size (GS) on the electrical properties of NiTi alloy. To address this gap, a novel electro-mechanical coupled phase field simulation model is developed, with crucial parameters determined through experimental investigations. The results demonstrate a notable change in the relationship between electrical resistivity and strain, transitioning from a quasi-linear pattern to a piecewise nonlinear one as the GS increases. The observed modification is found to be primarily influenced by the martensitic transformation, characterized by a transition from a uniform mode to a localized mode. As the GS increases, there is an initial drop in the total change of electrical resistivity at peak strain, followed by a subsequent stabilization. This is because the GS, through the stress and the degree of phase transformation, exerts two opposing effects on the variation of electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the combined influence of hysteresis and hysteresis in the martensite fraction contributes to a consistent decrease in resistivity hysteresis as the GS diminishes. This study improves the understanding of how GS affects NiTi alloy's electrical resistivity-strain response and lays the foundation for future sensing performance regulation, expanding its multi-functionality as an intelligent material.
{"title":"Phase field study on the grain size dependent electrical resistivity-strain response in superelastic nanocrystalline NiTi alloys","authors":"Yongji Li, Jianping Lin, Zhihao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.215","url":null,"abstract":"The superelastic NiTi alloy's electrical resistivity exhibits significant variations in response to deformation, making it a highly attractive material for sensing applications. However, there exists a lack of comprehensive knowledge of the effects of grain size (GS) on the electrical properties of NiTi alloy. To address this gap, a novel electro-mechanical coupled phase field simulation model is developed, with crucial parameters determined through experimental investigations. The results demonstrate a notable change in the relationship between electrical resistivity and strain, transitioning from a quasi-linear pattern to a piecewise nonlinear one as the GS increases. The observed modification is found to be primarily influenced by the martensitic transformation, characterized by a transition from a uniform mode to a localized mode. As the GS increases, there is an initial drop in the total change of electrical resistivity at peak strain, followed by a subsequent stabilization. This is because the GS, through the stress and the degree of phase transformation, exerts two opposing effects on the variation of electrical resistivity. Furthermore, the combined influence of hysteresis and hysteresis in the martensite fraction contributes to a consistent decrease in resistivity hysteresis as the GS diminishes. This study improves the understanding of how GS affects NiTi alloy's electrical resistivity-strain response and lays the foundation for future sensing performance regulation, expanding its multi-functionality as an intelligent material.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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