Nuclear energy is essential for the future development of countries. However, both structural and functional components of nuclear power equipment are facing severe challenges of nuclear irradiation damage after experiencing irradiation growth and irradiation creep. How to avoid irradiation damage to nuclear power equipment has become a hotspot in international research and development of surface protection technology. Deposition of protective coatings on the underlying object surface or in bulk materials has been considered as a near-term solution to enhanc functional components. Different substrate materials are selected according to other service conditions within the reactor. Suitable material selection combined with relevant optimization can significantly increase the service life of materials. This review summarizes recent research on several categories of anti-irradiation coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition technology for current industrial applications. These includes metallic, ceramic, composite and high entropy alloy coatings. The review endeavors to impart a thorough understanding of the properties of these selected anti-irradiation coatings, from the fundamental aspects of their substrate materials to their practical applications across diverse settings. It explores not only the current research progress but also the potential avenues for future advancements. Additionally, the intricate relationships between coating formulations, their resistance to irradiation, and their ultimate performance in various environments are illuminated in this paper.
{"title":"Research progress on the preparation of irradiation-resistant coating based on PVD technology","authors":"Sijia Fan, Baosen Mi, Jingjing Wang, Ping Liu, Xun Ma, Tianju Chen, Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.206","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear energy is essential for the future development of countries. However, both structural and functional components of nuclear power equipment are facing severe challenges of nuclear irradiation damage after experiencing irradiation growth and irradiation creep. How to avoid irradiation damage to nuclear power equipment has become a hotspot in international research and development of surface protection technology. Deposition of protective coatings on the underlying object surface or in bulk materials has been considered as a near-term solution to enhanc functional components. Different substrate materials are selected according to other service conditions within the reactor. Suitable material selection combined with relevant optimization can significantly increase the service life of materials. This review summarizes recent research on several categories of anti-irradiation coatings prepared by physical vapor deposition technology for current industrial applications. These includes metallic, ceramic, composite and high entropy alloy coatings. The review endeavors to impart a thorough understanding of the properties of these selected anti-irradiation coatings, from the fundamental aspects of their substrate materials to their practical applications across diverse settings. It explores not only the current research progress but also the potential avenues for future advancements. Additionally, the intricate relationships between coating formulations, their resistance to irradiation, and their ultimate performance in various environments are illuminated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.190
H. Jeevan Rao, S. Singh, Narender Singh, P. Janaki Ramulu, Thiago F. Santos, Caroliny M. Santos, P. Senthamaraikannan, Indran Suyambulingam, Femiana Gapsari, Rudianto Raharjo, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin
The ongoing research focuses on exploring the potential of (CA) fiber, banana fiber (BF), and epoxy composites as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products and synthetic fibers. The aim is to enhance the interfacial bonding and overall performance of these composites while reducing reliance on traditional materials. The study investigates the adhesion between CA fiber, BF (both chemically treated), and epoxy with polylactic acid (PLA) coating. Specifically, it examined how the PLA coating affects the mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption behavior, of the fabricated composites. Mechanical characterizations of the composite specimens are conducted following ASTM standards. The PLA-coated and NaOH-treated specimens significantly improved their tensile strength (20.56%) and flexural strength (16.7%), and significantly reduced their water absorption capacity (by 47.6%) compared to the untreated ones. These findings highlight the promise of using treated natural fibers and PLA coatings to create more sustainable and high-performance composite materials.
目前的研究重点是探索（CA）纤维、香蕉纤维（BF）和环氧树脂复合材料作为石油基产品和合成纤维的可持续替代品的潜力。目的是在减少对传统材料依赖的同时，提高这些复合材料的界面粘合力和整体性能。本研究调查了 CA 纤维、BF（均经过化学处理）和环氧树脂与聚乳酸（PLA）涂层之间的粘合情况。具体来说，它研究了聚乳酸涂层如何影响所制造复合材料的机械性能，包括拉伸强度、弯曲强度、抗冲击性和吸水性。复合材料试样的机械特性分析是按照 ASTM 标准进行的。与未经处理的试样相比，经过聚乳酸涂层和 NaOH 处理的试样明显提高了抗拉强度（20.56%）和抗弯强度（16.7%），并显著降低了吸水能力（47.6%）。这些发现凸显了使用经过处理的天然纤维和聚乳酸涂层来制造更可持续的高性能复合材料的前景。
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical performance and water resistance of Careya-Banana fiber epoxy hybrid composites through PLA coating and alkali treatment","authors":"H. Jeevan Rao, S. Singh, Narender Singh, P. Janaki Ramulu, Thiago F. Santos, Caroliny M. Santos, P. Senthamaraikannan, Indran Suyambulingam, Femiana Gapsari, Rudianto Raharjo, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.190","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing research focuses on exploring the potential of (CA) fiber, banana fiber (BF), and epoxy composites as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products and synthetic fibers. The aim is to enhance the interfacial bonding and overall performance of these composites while reducing reliance on traditional materials. The study investigates the adhesion between CA fiber, BF (both chemically treated), and epoxy with polylactic acid (PLA) coating. Specifically, it examined how the PLA coating affects the mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, and water absorption behavior, of the fabricated composites. Mechanical characterizations of the composite specimens are conducted following ASTM standards. The PLA-coated and NaOH-treated specimens significantly improved their tensile strength (20.56%) and flexural strength (16.7%), and significantly reduced their water absorption capacity (by 47.6%) compared to the untreated ones. These findings highlight the promise of using treated natural fibers and PLA coatings to create more sustainable and high-performance composite materials.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.198
Yong Zhang, Hao Yu, Liang Wang, Binbin Wang, Baoxian Su, Longhui Yao, Chunzhi Zhao, Ran Cui, Yanqing Su
In the present work, a wall-structured nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy was fabricated via electron beam directed energy deposition (EB-DED) additive manufacturing with a single-pass multi-layer deposition strategy. A comprehensive comparative analysis of microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance was conducted against a conventionally cast NAB alloy. The inherent rapid solidification and cyclic thermal processing of the EB-DED technique profoundly influenced the microstructural evolution of the NAB alloy. The as-deposited NAB alloy exhibited a fine-grained microstructure, devoid of the martensitic β′ phase, accompanied by the spheroidization of partial κ precipitates, and a homogeneous distribution of alloying elements. These distinctive microstructural attributes synergistically enhanced the strength, hardness, and toughness of the NAB alloy, conferring superior mechanical properties compared to its cast counterpart. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy demonstrated remarkable corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, significantly outperforming the cast alloy. The underlying mechanisms governing the structure-property relationships were elucidated. This comprehensive investigation provided insights into the unique characteristics and potential applications of EB-DED fabricated NAB alloys, positioning them as promising candidates for high-performance components subjected to severe mechanical and corrosive service conditions.
{"title":"Additive manufacturing nickel-aluminum bronze alloy via wire-fed electron beam directed energy deposition: Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared to as-cast counterpart","authors":"Yong Zhang, Hao Yu, Liang Wang, Binbin Wang, Baoxian Su, Longhui Yao, Chunzhi Zhao, Ran Cui, Yanqing Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.198","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, a wall-structured nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy was fabricated via electron beam directed energy deposition (EB-DED) additive manufacturing with a single-pass multi-layer deposition strategy. A comprehensive comparative analysis of microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance was conducted against a conventionally cast NAB alloy. The inherent rapid solidification and cyclic thermal processing of the EB-DED technique profoundly influenced the microstructural evolution of the NAB alloy. The as-deposited NAB alloy exhibited a fine-grained microstructure, devoid of the martensitic β′ phase, accompanied by the spheroidization of partial κ precipitates, and a homogeneous distribution of alloying elements. These distinctive microstructural attributes synergistically enhanced the strength, hardness, and toughness of the NAB alloy, conferring superior mechanical properties compared to its cast counterpart. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy demonstrated remarkable corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, significantly outperforming the cast alloy. The underlying mechanisms governing the structure-property relationships were elucidated. This comprehensive investigation provided insights into the unique characteristics and potential applications of EB-DED fabricated NAB alloys, positioning them as promising candidates for high-performance components subjected to severe mechanical and corrosive service conditions.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.194
Wei Liu, Chengsong Liu, Yong Wang, Hua Zhang, Hongwei Ni
Understanding the influence mechanism of microstructures and inclusions during heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L stainless steel (SS) is crucial for steel quality control and subsequent industrial application. In this study, the evolution of microstructure, inclusions and passive film in the L-PBF 316L SS during heat treatment at the temperature of 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 2 h, including crystal characteristics, dislocation density, passivation film composition and so on, were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L SS samples was evaluated by Tafel test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The corrosion mechanisms of L-PBF 316L SS before and after heat treatment were clarified to elucidate the intrinsic effect of microstructure and inclusions on the corrosion resistance of the steel. Results showed that the heat treatment conducted at 1200 °C effectively reduced the number of grain boundaries and induced a substantial number of Σ3 twin grain boundaries in the L-PBF 316L SS, thereby efficiently impeding the precipitation of detrimental phases and reducing corrosion susceptibility at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the recrystallization-induced rearrangement of dislocations and the homogenization of grains effectively facilitated the growth of passivation film, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance of HT1200 sample. Additionally, the increase of MoO content compensated for the detrimental impact on the stability of the passivation film resulting from the reduction in chromium oxide content. Transformation from the MnO–SiO–CrO inclusions in the as-built sample to the SiO inclusions in the HT1200 sample would also retard the penetration of corrosive ions into the steel matrix.
了解热处理过程中微观结构和夹杂物对 L-PBF 316L 不锈钢（SS）耐腐蚀性的影响机制对于钢材质量控制和后续工业应用至关重要。本研究采用电子反向散射衍射（EBSD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）对 L-PBF 316L 不锈钢在 1000 ℃ 和 1200 ℃ 两小时热处理过程中的微观结构、夹杂物和钝化膜的演变进行了表征，包括晶体特征、位错密度、钝化膜成分等。通过 Tafel 试验和电化学阻抗谱试验评估了 L-PBF 316L SS 样品的耐腐蚀性。阐明了热处理前后 L-PBF 316L SS 的腐蚀机理，从而阐明了微观结构和夹杂物对钢材耐腐蚀性的内在影响。结果表明，在 1200 °C 下进行的热处理有效地减少了 L-PBF 316L SS 的晶界数量，并诱导出大量的 Σ3 双晶界，从而有效地阻止了有害相的析出，降低了晶界处的腐蚀敏感性。同时，再结晶引起的位错重排和晶粒均匀化有效促进了钝化膜的生长，从而提高了 HT1200 样品的耐腐蚀性。此外，氧化钼含量的增加弥补了氧化铬含量减少对钝化膜稳定性的不利影响。竣工试样中的 MnO-SiO-CrO 杂质向 HT1200 试样中的 SiO 杂质转化，也会延缓腐蚀离子向钢基体的渗透。
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Wei Liu, Chengsong Liu, Yong Wang, Hua Zhang, Hongwei Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.194","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the influence mechanism of microstructures and inclusions during heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L stainless steel (SS) is crucial for steel quality control and subsequent industrial application. In this study, the evolution of microstructure, inclusions and passive film in the L-PBF 316L SS during heat treatment at the temperature of 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 2 h, including crystal characteristics, dislocation density, passivation film composition and so on, were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L SS samples was evaluated by Tafel test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The corrosion mechanisms of L-PBF 316L SS before and after heat treatment were clarified to elucidate the intrinsic effect of microstructure and inclusions on the corrosion resistance of the steel. Results showed that the heat treatment conducted at 1200 °C effectively reduced the number of grain boundaries and induced a substantial number of Σ3 twin grain boundaries in the L-PBF 316L SS, thereby efficiently impeding the precipitation of detrimental phases and reducing corrosion susceptibility at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the recrystallization-induced rearrangement of dislocations and the homogenization of grains effectively facilitated the growth of passivation film, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance of HT1200 sample. Additionally, the increase of MoO content compensated for the detrimental impact on the stability of the passivation film resulting from the reduction in chromium oxide content. Transformation from the MnO–SiO–CrO inclusions in the as-built sample to the SiO inclusions in the HT1200 sample would also retard the penetration of corrosive ions into the steel matrix.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.151
Jun Liu, Shengen Zhang, Hanlin Shen, Binjie Lou, Bolin Zhang
Secondary aluminum (Al) dross (SAD) is a hazardous waste discharged from Al production, processing and recycling. Over 6.7 million tons of SAD was discharged on the planet in 2023. SAD is consisted of 40–60 wt% of alumina (AlO), 10–30 wt% of AlN, 5–15 wt% of salts and 3–10 wt% of heavy metal oxides. Currently, recycling of SAD to make AlO by hydrometallurgy is a promising method for disposal of SAD. Hydrometallurgy method is mainly divided into acid leaching and alkali leaching. In acid leaching, Al, AlN and AlO react with acid to form aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride. In alkali leaching, Al, AlN and AlO react with alkali to form sodium aluminate. High-purity AlO is obtained after precipitation, washing, drying and calcination from the leachate. Resource consumption and emission was calculated to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits. About 147.9 and 172.6 dollars was earned after making AlO from a ton of SAD by alkali and acid leaching process, respectively. And carbon emissions of a ton of AlO was risen about 596.5 and 2216.0 kg CO, respectively, compared with the Bayer process with bauxite. We proposed a calcination pre-treatment with quicklime on SAD to reduce the carbon emission. The Al and AlN are oxidized into AlO after calcination, and the AlO reacts with CaO to form CaO·AlO. The Al in CaO·AlO can be leached out easily with a low concentration of alkali. This review provides a guidance for the recycling of SAD by hydrometallurgy, and proposes a novel idea for the energy and consumption reduction in alumina (Al₂O₃) production.
二次铝渣（SAD）是铝生产、加工和回收过程中产生的危险废物。2023 年，全球将排放超过 670 万吨的 SAD。SAD 由 40-60% 的氧化铝 (AlO)、10-30% 的 AlN、5-15% 的盐类和 3-10% 的重金属氧化物组成。目前，通过湿法冶金回收利用 SAD 来制造 AlO 是一种很有前景的 SAD 处理方法。水冶法主要分为酸浸法和碱浸法。在酸浸法中，Al、AlN 和 AlO 与酸反应生成硫酸铝和氯化铝。在碱浸出法中，Al、AlN 和 AlO 与碱反应生成铝酸钠。从沥滤液中经过沉淀、洗涤、干燥和煅烧后可获得高纯度的 AlO。计算了资源消耗和排放，以评估经济和环境效益。用碱浸出法和酸浸出法从一吨 SAD 制得 AlO 后，分别获得了约 147.9 美元和 172.6 美元的收益。与使用铝土矿的拜耳法相比，每吨氧化铝的碳排放量分别增加了约 596.5 千克 CO 和 2216.0 千克 CO。我们建议在 SAD 上使用生石灰进行煅烧预处理，以减少碳排放。煅烧后，Al 和 AlN 被氧化成 AlO，AlO 与 CaO 反应生成 CaO-AlO。CaO-AlO 中的 Al 很容易用低浓度的碱浸出。本综述为通过湿法冶金回收 SAD 提供了指导，并为氧化铝（Al₂O₃）生产的节能降耗提出了新的思路。
{"title":"Recycling of secondary aluminum dross to make alumina by hydrometallurgy: A review","authors":"Jun Liu, Shengen Zhang, Hanlin Shen, Binjie Lou, Bolin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.151","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary aluminum (Al) dross (SAD) is a hazardous waste discharged from Al production, processing and recycling. Over 6.7 million tons of SAD was discharged on the planet in 2023. SAD is consisted of 40–60 wt% of alumina (AlO), 10–30 wt% of AlN, 5–15 wt% of salts and 3–10 wt% of heavy metal oxides. Currently, recycling of SAD to make AlO by hydrometallurgy is a promising method for disposal of SAD. Hydrometallurgy method is mainly divided into acid leaching and alkali leaching. In acid leaching, Al, AlN and AlO react with acid to form aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride. In alkali leaching, Al, AlN and AlO react with alkali to form sodium aluminate. High-purity AlO is obtained after precipitation, washing, drying and calcination from the leachate. Resource consumption and emission was calculated to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits. About 147.9 and 172.6 dollars was earned after making AlO from a ton of SAD by alkali and acid leaching process, respectively. And carbon emissions of a ton of AlO was risen about 596.5 and 2216.0 kg CO, respectively, compared with the Bayer process with bauxite. We proposed a calcination pre-treatment with quicklime on SAD to reduce the carbon emission. The Al and AlN are oxidized into AlO after calcination, and the AlO reacts with CaO to form CaO·AlO. The Al in CaO·AlO can be leached out easily with a low concentration of alkali. This review provides a guidance for the recycling of SAD by hydrometallurgy, and proposes a novel idea for the energy and consumption reduction in alumina (Al₂O₃) production.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.202
Shaoxu Hao, Yue Zhai, Shi Liu, Yu Jia
The dynamic tensile strength of rocks affects structural stability in geotechnical applications requiring thermal resilience. This study employs a large-diameter (Φ75 mm) split Hopkinson tension bar () to perform high-strain-rate tensile tests on red sandstone specimens subjected to thermal treatments at temperatures up to 1200 °C. However, specimens heated to 1200 °C transitioned to an amorphous melt phase, making tensile tests infeasible. The novel large-diameter technique improves the test efficiency by using double reinforcement and an adhesive to attach the specimen to the bar. An energy-based damage variable and a comprehensive rock brittleness index are used to assess the effects of the strain rate and thermal conditions on the specimens' mechanical behavior and energy dissipation. Further, an innovative dissipated energy model () describes the intrinsic nonlinearities of the rock's dissipated energy dynamics and their crucial influences on the pre-peak stress responses. A dual-threshold model is utilized to describe thermal strengthening or weakening, revealing fundamental insights into the energy mechanics of rock failure, which are vital for the integrity of high-temperature geotechnical systems.
{"title":"Mechanical properties and energy evolution of thermally damaged red sandstone in high-strain-rate impact tensile tests: Experimental and theoretical analyses","authors":"Shaoxu Hao, Yue Zhai, Shi Liu, Yu Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.202","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic tensile strength of rocks affects structural stability in geotechnical applications requiring thermal resilience. This study employs a large-diameter (Φ75 mm) split Hopkinson tension bar () to perform high-strain-rate tensile tests on red sandstone specimens subjected to thermal treatments at temperatures up to 1200 °C. However, specimens heated to 1200 °C transitioned to an amorphous melt phase, making tensile tests infeasible. The novel large-diameter technique improves the test efficiency by using double reinforcement and an adhesive to attach the specimen to the bar. An energy-based damage variable and a comprehensive rock brittleness index are used to assess the effects of the strain rate and thermal conditions on the specimens' mechanical behavior and energy dissipation. Further, an innovative dissipated energy model () describes the intrinsic nonlinearities of the rock's dissipated energy dynamics and their crucial influences on the pre-peak stress responses. A dual-threshold model is utilized to describe thermal strengthening or weakening, revealing fundamental insights into the energy mechanics of rock failure, which are vital for the integrity of high-temperature geotechnical systems.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.201
Bin Wang, Xiaoxue Wang, Jie Zhou, Chunmiao Liu, Jie Liu, Guanhui Gao
This paper investigated the influence of ultraviolet (UV) illumination on the corrosion behavior of 7A04 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solutions with various pH values (, 7.0, and 10.0) using weight loss measurement, electrochemical methods, and surface analysis techniques. The research results indicated that the corrosion products of 7A04 alloy in salt solutions with different pH values all exhibited n-type semiconductor properties and could trigger the photovoltaic effect under UV illumination. Simultaneously, UV illumination reduced the compactness of the corrosion products, inhibited the enrichment of copper compounds (CuO), and promoted the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the solution. Therefore, UV illumination significantly accelerated the corrosion process of 7A04 alloy, with the overall acceleration effect ranking as follows: alkaline > neutral > acidic. In addition, the corrosion mechanism of 7A04 alloy in the test solutions with and without UV illumination was also discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Influence of ultraviolet illumination on the corrosion behavior of 7A04 aluminum alloy in salt solutions with different pH values","authors":"Bin Wang, Xiaoxue Wang, Jie Zhou, Chunmiao Liu, Jie Liu, Guanhui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the influence of ultraviolet (UV) illumination on the corrosion behavior of 7A04 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solutions with various pH values (, 7.0, and 10.0) using weight loss measurement, electrochemical methods, and surface analysis techniques. The research results indicated that the corrosion products of 7A04 alloy in salt solutions with different pH values all exhibited n-type semiconductor properties and could trigger the photovoltaic effect under UV illumination. Simultaneously, UV illumination reduced the compactness of the corrosion products, inhibited the enrichment of copper compounds (CuO), and promoted the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the solution. Therefore, UV illumination significantly accelerated the corrosion process of 7A04 alloy, with the overall acceleration effect ranking as follows: alkaline > neutral > acidic. In addition, the corrosion mechanism of 7A04 alloy in the test solutions with and without UV illumination was also discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corrosion of molten aluminium on components in the aluminium industry poses a significant bottleneck, hindering the development of aluminium products and equipment. This study focused on the Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, addressing challenges related to the susceptibility of the matrix to corrosion, the excessive brittleness of MB borides (M = Fe, Cr, etc.), and the detachment of corrosion products. A comprehensive study was performed to study the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, considering the 'Divide and Conquer' strategy for Ti regulation. The findings indicate that the heterogeneous nucleation, induced by in situ TiB particles, significantly impacts the refinement of MB borides size and enhances the matrix strength. Notably, the addition of 4.5 wt. % Ti to the T3 alloy significantly enhances its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The T3 alloy exhibits an impact toughness of 32.4 kJ/m and a compressive fracture strain of 19.5 %, representing a considerable increase of 58 % and 167 % over the Ti-free alloy, respectively. Furthermore, the alloy has a volume loss rate of 11.0 mm cm h, which is substantially lower, by 73.5 % compared to H13 steel and by 21.4 % compared to the Ti-free alloy. The synergistic presence of TiB and MB borides, along with their corrosion products, functions as an effective diffusion barrier against molten aluminium corrosion.
熔融铝对铝工业部件的腐蚀是一个重大瓶颈，阻碍了铝产品和设备的发展。本研究以 Fe-Cr-B-Mo 合金为重点，解决了基体易腐蚀、MB 硼化物（M = Fe、Cr 等）脆性过大以及腐蚀产物脱落等相关难题。考虑到 Ti 调节的 "分而治之 "策略，对 Fe-Cr-B-Mo 合金的微观结构演变、机械性能和腐蚀行为进行了全面研究。研究结果表明，原位 TiB 颗粒诱导的异质成核显著影响了 MB 硼化物尺寸的细化，并增强了基体强度。值得注意的是，在 T3 合金中添加 4.5 重量%的 Ti 能显著提高其机械性能和耐腐蚀性。T3 合金的冲击韧性为 32.4 kJ/m，压缩断裂应变为 19.5%，与不含 Ti 的合金相比，分别提高了 58% 和 167%。此外，该合金的体积损失率为 11.0 mm cm h，与 H13 钢相比大幅降低了 73.5%，与无钛合金相比降低了 21.4%。TiB 和 MB 硼化物及其腐蚀产物的协同存在可作为防止铝熔体腐蚀的有效扩散屏障。
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy via the 'Divide and Conquer' strategy for Ti regulation","authors":"Zicheng Ling, Wenguang Yang, Xingxing Wang, Xianman Zhang, Junyi Jiang, Zenglei Ni, Jin Peng, Zhipeng Yuan, Jianjun Shi, Weiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.149","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion of molten aluminium on components in the aluminium industry poses a significant bottleneck, hindering the development of aluminium products and equipment. This study focused on the Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, addressing challenges related to the susceptibility of the matrix to corrosion, the excessive brittleness of MB borides (M = Fe, Cr, etc.), and the detachment of corrosion products. A comprehensive study was performed to study the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–B–Mo alloy, considering the 'Divide and Conquer' strategy for Ti regulation. The findings indicate that the heterogeneous nucleation, induced by in situ TiB particles, significantly impacts the refinement of MB borides size and enhances the matrix strength. Notably, the addition of 4.5 wt. % Ti to the T3 alloy significantly enhances its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The T3 alloy exhibits an impact toughness of 32.4 kJ/m and a compressive fracture strain of 19.5 %, representing a considerable increase of 58 % and 167 % over the Ti-free alloy, respectively. Furthermore, the alloy has a volume loss rate of 11.0 mm cm h, which is substantially lower, by 73.5 % compared to H13 steel and by 21.4 % compared to the Ti-free alloy. The synergistic presence of TiB and MB borides, along with their corrosion products, functions as an effective diffusion barrier against molten aluminium corrosion.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main challenge faced by spacecraft is the large temperature difference in its operating environment. Thermal control coatings prepared on spacecraft and instrument surfaces are currently the most efficient ways for heat dissipation and control. In this work, AlO-TiO composite coatings with different TiO contents were prepared on 7075-Al alloy substrate by supersonic plasma spraying technology. The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, thermal control properties, and corrosion resistances of the coatings were investigated. The raw stock feeds were mainly composed of α-AlO and anatase TiO, but the coatings were mainly γ-AlO and rutile TiO. The average Vickers microhardness of the coatings decreased from 1198.9 to 810.4 HV with the increase of TiO contents, but the elastic modulus increased from 158.5 to 244.3 GPa. The thermal control properties of the coatings were promoted with the growth of TiO contents, and the absorptance increased from 27.1 to 89.2% with the emittance from 83.7 to 86.5%. The corrosion potential and corrosion resistance of the coating gradually increased with TiO content due to its gradually improved hydrophobicity. This work broadens the application boundary of AlO-TiO composite coating and provides an innovative idea for material selection of thermal control coatings.
航天器面临的主要挑战是其运行环境中的巨大温差。在航天器和仪器表面制备热控制涂层是目前最有效的散热和控制方法。本研究采用超音速等离子喷涂技术，在 7075-Al 合金基体上制备了不同 TiO 含量的 AlO-TiO 复合涂层。研究了涂层的微观结构、相组成、机械性能、热控制性能和耐腐蚀性能。原材料进料主要由 α-AlO 和锐钛矿型 TiO 组成，但涂层主要由 γ-AlO 和金红石型 TiO 组成。随着 TiO 含量的增加，涂层的平均维氏硬度从 1198.9 HV 降至 810.4 HV，但弹性模量从 158.5 GPa 增至 244.3 GPa。涂层的热控性能随着 TiO 含量的增加而提高，吸收率从 27.1% 提高到 89.2%，发射率从 83.7% 提高到 86.5%。由于 TiO 的疏水性逐渐提高，涂层的腐蚀电位和耐腐蚀性随 TiO 含量的增加而逐渐提高。这项研究拓宽了 AlO-TiO 复合涂层的应用范围，为热控涂层的材料选择提供了创新思路。
{"title":"Effect of TiO2 content on the thermal control properties of Al2O3-xTiO2 composite coatings prepared by supersonic plasma spraying technology","authors":"Xuewu Li, Hongyu Liu, Weiling Guo, Longlong Zhou, Qingxin Cui, Xiaofeng Deng, Wenxiang Shu, Tian Shi, Zhiguo Xing, Haidou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.199","url":null,"abstract":"The main challenge faced by spacecraft is the large temperature difference in its operating environment. Thermal control coatings prepared on spacecraft and instrument surfaces are currently the most efficient ways for heat dissipation and control. In this work, AlO-TiO composite coatings with different TiO contents were prepared on 7075-Al alloy substrate by supersonic plasma spraying technology. The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties, thermal control properties, and corrosion resistances of the coatings were investigated. The raw stock feeds were mainly composed of α-AlO and anatase TiO, but the coatings were mainly γ-AlO and rutile TiO. The average Vickers microhardness of the coatings decreased from 1198.9 to 810.4 HV with the increase of TiO contents, but the elastic modulus increased from 158.5 to 244.3 GPa. The thermal control properties of the coatings were promoted with the growth of TiO contents, and the absorptance increased from 27.1 to 89.2% with the emittance from 83.7 to 86.5%. The corrosion potential and corrosion resistance of the coating gradually increased with TiO content due to its gradually improved hydrophobicity. This work broadens the application boundary of AlO-TiO composite coating and provides an innovative idea for material selection of thermal control coatings.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.184
Jinghua Zhang, Hongyan Lv, Shuaifei Yan, Rui-dong Fu, Yi-jun Li
The microstructures and cryogenic mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) joints between nitrogen-alloyed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and Fe–32.1Mn–7.5Cr–0.6Mo–1.2 N steel were investigated. The results reveal that defect-free dissimilar joints can be achieved through FSW. Furthermore, the grains of nitrogen-alloyed CoCrFeMnNi HEAs in the stir zone of the dissimilar joint are significantly more refined than those of Fe–32.1Mn–7.5Cr–0.6Mo–1.2 N steel. Joint efficiency at room and low temperature both exceed 90% of the base metal. Moreover, the cryogenic yield and ultimate strength of the dissimilar joints are higher than those recorded at room temperature. The fracture position is at the heat-affected zone of HEAs under two temperature conditions.
研究了氮合金钴铬铁镍高熵合金（HEAs）和铁-32.1Mn-7.5Cr-0.6Mo-1.2 N 钢之间异种搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头的微观结构和低温力学性能。结果表明，通过 FSW 可以实现无缺陷异种接头。此外，与 Fe-32.1Mn-7.5Cr-0.6Mo-1.2 N 钢相比，氮合金 CoCrFeMnNi HEAs 在异种接头搅拌区的晶粒明显更加细化。室温和低温下的接头效率均超过母材的 90%。此外，异种接头的低温屈服强度和极限强度均高于室温下的记录。在两种温度条件下，断裂位置都在 HEA 的热影响区。
{"title":"Microstructure and cryogenic mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welding joints between nitrogen-alloyed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy and high-manganese austenite steel","authors":"Jinghua Zhang, Hongyan Lv, Shuaifei Yan, Rui-dong Fu, Yi-jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.08.184","url":null,"abstract":"The microstructures and cryogenic mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) joints between nitrogen-alloyed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and Fe–32.1Mn–7.5Cr–0.6Mo–1.2 N steel were investigated. The results reveal that defect-free dissimilar joints can be achieved through FSW. Furthermore, the grains of nitrogen-alloyed CoCrFeMnNi HEAs in the stir zone of the dissimilar joint are significantly more refined than those of Fe–32.1Mn–7.5Cr–0.6Mo–1.2 N steel. Joint efficiency at room and low temperature both exceed 90% of the base metal. Moreover, the cryogenic yield and ultimate strength of the dissimilar joints are higher than those recorded at room temperature. The fracture position is at the heat-affected zone of HEAs under two temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":501120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Research and Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142180005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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