Kondo GnanvoThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, Andrew WeisenbergerThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, Seung JoonThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, LeeCERN, Geneva, Rui de OliveiraCERN, Geneva, Bertrand MehlCERN, Geneva
The concept of capacitive-sharing readout, described in detail in a previous study, offers the possibility for the development of high-performance three-coordinates (X-Y-U)-strip readout for Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) using simple standard PCB fabrication techniques. Capacitive-sharing (X-Y-U)-strip readout allows simultaneous measurement of the Cartesian coordinates x and y of the position of the particles together with a third coordinate u along the diagonal axis in a single readout PCB. This provides a powerful tool to address multiple-hit ambiguity and enable pattern recognition capabilities in moderate particle flux environment of collider or fixed target experiments in high energy physics HEP) and nuclear physics (NP). We present in this paper the performance of a 10 cm {times} 10 cm triple-GEM detector with capacitive-sharing (X-Y-U)-strip anode readout. Spatial resolutions of the order of {sigma}^res_x = 71.6 {pm} 0.8 {mu}m for X-strips, {sigma}^res_y = 56.2 {pm} 0.9 {mu}m for Y-strips and {sigma}^res_u = 75.2 {pm} 0.9 {mu}m for U-strips have been obtained at a beam test at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). Modifications of the readout design of future prototypes to improve the spatial resolution and challenges in scaling to large-area MPGDs are discussed.
{"title":"Performance of a triple-GEM detector with capacitive-sharing 3-coordinate (X-Y-U)-strip anode readout","authors":"Kondo GnanvoThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, Andrew WeisenbergerThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, Seung JoonThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA, LeeCERN, Geneva, Rui de OliveiraCERN, Geneva, Bertrand MehlCERN, Geneva","doi":"arxiv-2407.20097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.20097","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of capacitive-sharing readout, described in detail in a previous\u0000study, offers the possibility for the development of high-performance\u0000three-coordinates (X-Y-U)-strip readout for Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors\u0000(MPGDs) using simple standard PCB fabrication techniques. Capacitive-sharing\u0000(X-Y-U)-strip readout allows simultaneous measurement of the Cartesian\u0000coordinates x and y of the position of the particles together with a third\u0000coordinate u along the diagonal axis in a single readout PCB. This provides a\u0000powerful tool to address multiple-hit ambiguity and enable pattern recognition\u0000capabilities in moderate particle flux environment of collider or fixed target\u0000experiments in high energy physics HEP) and nuclear physics (NP). We present in\u0000this paper the performance of a 10 cm {times} 10 cm triple-GEM detector with\u0000capacitive-sharing (X-Y-U)-strip anode readout. Spatial resolutions of the\u0000order of {sigma}^res_x = 71.6 {pm} 0.8 {mu}m for X-strips, {sigma}^res_y =\u000056.2 {pm} 0.9 {mu}m for Y-strips and {sigma}^res_u = 75.2 {pm} 0.9 {mu}m\u0000for U-strips have been obtained at a beam test at Thomas Jefferson National\u0000Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). Modifications of the readout design of\u0000future prototypes to improve the spatial resolution and challenges in scaling\u0000to large-area MPGDs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiding Zhao, D. Hu, M. Shao, Y. Zhou, S. Lv, Xiangqi Tian, Anqi Wang, Xueshen Lin, Hao Pang, Y. Suna
To meet the need for a high counting rate and high time resolution in future high-energy physics experiments, a prototype of a gas photodetector with an RPC structure was developed. Garfield++ simulated the detector's performance, and the single photoelectron performance of different mixed gases was tested with an ultraviolet laser. The detector uses a low resistivity ($sim1.4cdot 10^{10} Omegacdot cm$) float glass so that its rate capability is significantly higher than that of ordinary float glass($10^{12}sim10^{14} Omegacdot cm$), the laser test results show that in MRPC gas($R134a/iC_{4}H_{10}/SF_{6}(85/10/5)$), the single photoelectron time resolution is best to reach 20.3 ps at a gas gain of $7cdot 10^{6}$. Increasing the proportion of $iC_{4}H_{10}$ can effectively reduce the probability of photon feedback, without changing the time resolution and maximum gain. In addition to being applied to high-precision time measurement scenarios (eg:T0, TOF), the detector can also quantitatively test the single photoelectron performance of different gases and will be used to find eco-friendly MRPC gases.
{"title":"A high rate and high timing photoelectric detector prototype with RPC structure","authors":"Yiding Zhao, D. Hu, M. Shao, Y. Zhou, S. Lv, Xiangqi Tian, Anqi Wang, Xueshen Lin, Hao Pang, Y. Suna","doi":"arxiv-2407.19720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19720","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the need for a high counting rate and high time resolution in future\u0000high-energy physics experiments, a prototype of a gas photodetector with an RPC\u0000structure was developed. Garfield++ simulated the detector's performance, and\u0000the single photoelectron performance of different mixed gases was tested with\u0000an ultraviolet laser. The detector uses a low resistivity ($sim1.4cdot\u000010^{10} Omegacdot cm$) float glass so that its rate capability is\u0000significantly higher than that of ordinary float glass($10^{12}sim10^{14}\u0000Omegacdot cm$), the laser test results show that in MRPC\u0000gas($R134a/iC_{4}H_{10}/SF_{6}(85/10/5)$), the single photoelectron time\u0000resolution is best to reach 20.3 ps at a gas gain of $7cdot 10^{6}$.\u0000Increasing the proportion of $iC_{4}H_{10}$ can effectively reduce the\u0000probability of photon feedback, without changing the time resolution and\u0000maximum gain. In addition to being applied to high-precision time measurement\u0000scenarios (eg:T0, TOF), the detector can also quantitatively test the single\u0000photoelectron performance of different gases and will be used to find\u0000eco-friendly MRPC gases.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Kaplon, J. Baran, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, E. Kavya Valsan, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, D. Kumar, G. Moskal, S. Niedzwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczynski, A. Rucinski, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stepien, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Ardebili, W. Wislicki, P. Moskal
Plastic scintillator strips are considered as one of the promising solutions for the cost-effective construction of total-body positron emission tomography, (PET) system. The purpose of the performed measurements is to compare the transparency of long plastic scintillators with dimensions 6 mm x 24 mm x 1000 mm and with all surfaces polished. Six different types of commercial, general purpose, blue-emitting plastic scintillators with low attenuation of visible light were tested, namely: polyvinyl toluene-based BC-408, EJ-200, RP-408, and polystyrene-based Epic, SP32 and UPS-923A. For determination of the best type of plastic scintillator for totalbody Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph (TB-J-PET) construction, emission and transmission spectra, and technical attenuation length (TAL) of blue light-emitting by the scintillators were measured and compared. The TAL values were determined with the use of UV lamp as excitation source, and photodiode as light detector. Emission spectra of investigated scintillators have maxima in the range from 420 nm to 429 nm. The BC-408 and EJ-200 have the highest transmittance values of about 90% at the maximum emission wavelength measured through a 6 mm thick scintillator strip and the highest technical attenuation length reaching about 2000 mm, allowing assembly of long detection modules for time-of-flight (TOF) J-PET scanners. Influence of the 6 mm x 6 mm, 12 mm x 6 mm, 24 mm x 6 mm cross-sections of the 1000 mm long EJ-200 plastic scintillator on the TAL and signal intensity was measured. The highest TAL value was determined for samples with 24 mm x 6 mm cross-section.
塑料闪烁体条带被认为是经济高效地构建全身正电子发射断层扫描（PET）系统的理想解决方案之一。本次测量的目的是比较尺寸为 6 毫米 x 24 毫米 x 1000 毫米且所有表面均抛光的长塑料闪烁体的透明度。测试了六种不同类型的商用、通用、低可见光衰减蓝色发光塑料闪烁体，即：聚乙烯甲苯基 BC-408、EJ-200、RP-408 和聚苯乙烯基 Epic、SP32 和 UPS-923A。为了确定用于制造全身雅盖隆正电子发射断层显像仪（TB-J-PET）的最佳塑料闪烁体类型，对闪烁体发射的蓝光的发射和透射光谱以及技术衰减长度（TAL）进行了测量和比较。TAL 值是在使用紫外灯作为激发光源和光电二极管作为光检测器的情况下测定的。所研究闪烁体的发射光谱最大值在 420 纳米到 429 纳米之间。通过 6 毫米厚的闪烁体条带测量，BC-408 和 EJ-200 在最大发射波长处的透射率最高，约为 90%，技术衰减长度最高，约为 2000 毫米，因此可以为飞行时间（TOF）J-PET 扫描仪组装长检测模块。横截面为 24 毫米 x 6 毫米的样品的 TAL 值最高。
{"title":"Comparative studies of plastic scintillator strips with high technical attenuation length for the total-body J-PET scanner","authors":"L. Kaplon, J. Baran, N. Chug, A. Coussat, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwinski, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, B. Hiesmayr, E. Kavya Valsan, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, T. Kozik, W. Krzemien, D. Kumar, G. Moskal, S. Niedzwiecki, D. Panek, S. Parzych, E. Perez del Rio, L. Raczynski, A. Rucinski, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, R. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Stepien, F. Tayefi Ardebili, K. Tayefi Ardebili, W. Wislicki, P. Moskal","doi":"arxiv-2407.19465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19465","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic scintillator strips are considered as one of the promising solutions\u0000for the cost-effective construction of total-body positron emission tomography,\u0000(PET) system. The purpose of the performed measurements is to compare the\u0000transparency of long plastic scintillators with dimensions 6 mm x 24 mm x 1000\u0000mm and with all surfaces polished. Six different types of commercial, general\u0000purpose, blue-emitting plastic scintillators with low attenuation of visible\u0000light were tested, namely: polyvinyl toluene-based BC-408, EJ-200, RP-408, and\u0000polystyrene-based Epic, SP32 and UPS-923A. For determination of the best type\u0000of plastic scintillator for totalbody Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph\u0000(TB-J-PET) construction, emission and transmission spectra, and technical\u0000attenuation length (TAL) of blue light-emitting by the scintillators were\u0000measured and compared. The TAL values were determined with the use of UV lamp\u0000as excitation source, and photodiode as light detector. Emission spectra of\u0000investigated scintillators have maxima in the range from 420 nm to 429 nm. The\u0000BC-408 and EJ-200 have the highest transmittance values of about 90% at the\u0000maximum emission wavelength measured through a 6 mm thick scintillator strip\u0000and the highest technical attenuation length reaching about 2000 mm, allowing\u0000assembly of long detection modules for time-of-flight (TOF) J-PET scanners.\u0000Influence of the 6 mm x 6 mm, 12 mm x 6 mm, 24 mm x 6 mm cross-sections of the\u00001000 mm long EJ-200 plastic scintillator on the TAL and signal intensity was\u0000measured. The highest TAL value was determined for samples with 24 mm x 6 mm\u0000cross-section.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The MEG II experiment searches for a charged-lepton-flavour-violating $mu to e gamma$ with the target sensitivity of $6 times 10^{-14}$. A liquid xenon calorimeter with VUV-sensitive photosensors measures photon position, timing, and energy. This paper concentrates on the precise photon energy reconstruction with the MEG II liquid xenon calorimeter. Since a muon beam rate is $3text{-}5 times 10^{7}~text{s}^{-1}$, multi-photon elimination analysis is performed using waveform analysis techniques such as a template waveform fit. As a result, background events in the energy range of 48-58 MeV were reduced by 34 %. The calibration of an energy scale of the calorimeter with several calibration sources is also discussed to achieve a high resolution of 1.8 %.
MEG II实验以6美元乘以10^{-14}美元的目标灵敏度搜索带电轻子--对伽马射线的破坏。带有紫外光敏感光敏传感器的液氙量热器测量光子的位置、时间和能量。本文主要介绍利用MEG II液态氙量热器进行的精确光子能量重建。由于μ介子束速率是10^{7}~text{s}^{-1}$的3/text{-}5倍，因此使用模板波形拟合等波形分析技术进行多光子消除分析。结果，48-58 MeV 能量范围内的背景事件减少了 34%。此外，还讨论了用多个校准源校准量热计能量标的问题，以实现 1.8 % 的高分辨率。
{"title":"Photon energy reconstruction with the MEG II liquid xenon calorimeter","authors":"Kensuke Yamamoto, Sei Ban, Lukas Gerritzen, Toshiyuki Iwamoto, Satoru Kobayashi, Ayaka Matsushita, Toshinori Mori, Rina Onda, Wataru Ootani, Atsushi Oya","doi":"arxiv-2407.19417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19417","url":null,"abstract":"The MEG II experiment searches for a charged-lepton-flavour-violating $mu\u0000to e gamma$ with the target sensitivity of $6 times 10^{-14}$. A liquid\u0000xenon calorimeter with VUV-sensitive photosensors measures photon position,\u0000timing, and energy. This paper concentrates on the precise photon energy\u0000reconstruction with the MEG II liquid xenon calorimeter. Since a muon beam rate\u0000is $3text{-}5 times 10^{7}~text{s}^{-1}$, multi-photon elimination analysis\u0000is performed using waveform analysis techniques such as a template waveform\u0000fit. As a result, background events in the energy range of 48-58 MeV were\u0000reduced by 34 %. The calibration of an energy scale of the calorimeter with\u0000several calibration sources is also discussed to achieve a high resolution of\u00001.8 %.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cube satellites, or CubeSats, are small satellites commonly used to perform Earth imaging and on-orbit scientific experiments. CubeSats are often powered using expensive, inflexible commercial-off-the-shelf solar panels, largely due to a lack of flight-qualified open-source alternatives. Here, we describe the design of customizable, deployable solar panels, offering an open-source, cost-effective alternative. Towards a fully open-source CubeSat, our designs have mission-tailored power generation capabilities and simple electrical and mechanical integration. The solar panel designs were demonstrated on-orbit on three satellites in the Northern SPIRIT constellation and will be on AlbertaSat's Ex-Alta~3 satellite, which will launch in 2025. The design files, assembly procedures, and best practices will be open-source-published online. This work lowers the barrier of entry into space, making satellite design easier and less expensive -- students helping students design better satellites.
{"title":"Open-Source CubeSat Solar Panels: Design, Assembly, Testing, and On-Orbit Demonstration","authors":"Nicholas J. Sorensen, Erik F. Halliwell","doi":"arxiv-2407.19356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19356","url":null,"abstract":"Cube satellites, or CubeSats, are small satellites commonly used to perform\u0000Earth imaging and on-orbit scientific experiments. CubeSats are often powered\u0000using expensive, inflexible commercial-off-the-shelf solar panels, largely due\u0000to a lack of flight-qualified open-source alternatives. Here, we describe the\u0000design of customizable, deployable solar panels, offering an open-source,\u0000cost-effective alternative. Towards a fully open-source CubeSat, our designs\u0000have mission-tailored power generation capabilities and simple electrical and\u0000mechanical integration. The solar panel designs were demonstrated on-orbit on\u0000three satellites in the Northern SPIRIT constellation and will be on\u0000AlbertaSat's Ex-Alta~3 satellite, which will launch in 2025. The design files,\u0000assembly procedures, and best practices will be open-source-published online.\u0000This work lowers the barrier of entry into space, making satellite design\u0000easier and less expensive -- students helping students design better\u0000satellites.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calibrating the optical properties within the detection medium of a neutrino telescope is crucial for determining its angular resolution and energy scale. For the next generation of neutrino telescopes planned to be constructed in deep water, such as the TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), there are additional challenges due to the dynamic nature and potential non-uniformity of the water medium. This necessitates a real-time optical calibration system distributed throughout the large detector array. This study introduces a custom-designed CMOS camera system equipped with rapid image processing algorithms, providing a real-time optical calibration method for TRIDENT and other similar projects worldwide. In September 2021, the TRIDENT Pathfinder experiment (TRIDENT Explorer, T-REX for short) successfully deployed this camera system in the West Pacific Ocean at a depth of 3420 meters. Within 30 minutes, about 3000 images of the T-REX light source were captured, allowing for the in-situ measurement of seawater attenuation and absorption lengths under three wavelengths. This deep-sea experiment for the first time showcased a technical demonstration of a functioning camera calibration system in a dynamic neutrino telescope site, solidifying a substantial part of the calibration strategies for the future TRIDENT project.
{"title":"A camera system for real-time optical calibration of water-based neutrino telescopes","authors":"Wei Tian, Wei Zhi, Qiao Xue, Wenlian Li, Zhenyu Wei, Fan Hu, Qichao Chang, MingXin Wang, Zhengyang Sun, Xiaohui Liu, Ziping Ye, Peng Miao, Xinliang Tian, Jianglai Liu, Donglian Xu","doi":"arxiv-2407.19111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19111","url":null,"abstract":"Calibrating the optical properties within the detection medium of a neutrino\u0000telescope is crucial for determining its angular resolution and energy scale.\u0000For the next generation of neutrino telescopes planned to be constructed in\u0000deep water, such as the TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), there\u0000are additional challenges due to the dynamic nature and potential\u0000non-uniformity of the water medium. This necessitates a real-time optical\u0000calibration system distributed throughout the large detector array. This study\u0000introduces a custom-designed CMOS camera system equipped with rapid image\u0000processing algorithms, providing a real-time optical calibration method for\u0000TRIDENT and other similar projects worldwide. In September 2021, the TRIDENT\u0000Pathfinder experiment (TRIDENT Explorer, T-REX for short) successfully deployed\u0000this camera system in the West Pacific Ocean at a depth of 3420 meters. Within\u000030 minutes, about 3000 images of the T-REX light source were captured, allowing\u0000for the in-situ measurement of seawater attenuation and absorption lengths\u0000under three wavelengths. This deep-sea experiment for the first time showcased\u0000a technical demonstration of a functioning camera calibration system in a\u0000dynamic neutrino telescope site, solidifying a substantial part of the\u0000calibration strategies for the future TRIDENT project.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutron scattering experiments have played vital roles in exploring materials properties in the past decades. While user interfaces have been improved over time, neutron scattering experiments still require specific knowledge or training by an expert due to the complexity of such advanced instrumentation and the limited number of experiments each person may perform each year. This paper introduces an innovative chatbot application that leverages Large Language Models(LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technologies to significantly enhance the user experience at the EQ-SANS, a small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Through a user-centric design approach, the EQ-SANS Assisting Chatbot (ESAC) serves as an interactive reference for users, thereby facilitating the use of the instrument by visiting scientists. By bridging the gap between the users of EQ-SANS and the control systems required to perform their experiments, the ESAC sets a new standard for interactive learning and support for the scientific community using large-scale scientific facilities.
{"title":"ESAC (EQ-SANS Assisting Chatbot): Application of Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Enhanced User Experience at EQ-SANS","authors":"Changwoo Do, Gergely Nagy, William T. Heller","doi":"arxiv-2407.19075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19075","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron scattering experiments have played vital roles in exploring materials\u0000properties in the past decades. While user interfaces have been improved over\u0000time, neutron scattering experiments still require specific knowledge or\u0000training by an expert due to the complexity of such advanced instrumentation\u0000and the limited number of experiments each person may perform each year. This\u0000paper introduces an innovative chatbot application that leverages Large\u0000Language Models(LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technologies to\u0000significantly enhance the user experience at the EQ-SANS, a small-angle neutron\u0000scattering instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source of Oak Ridge National\u0000Laboratory. Through a user-centric design approach, the EQ-SANS Assisting\u0000Chatbot (ESAC) serves as an interactive reference for users, thereby\u0000facilitating the use of the instrument by visiting scientists. By bridging the\u0000gap between the users of EQ-SANS and the control systems required to perform\u0000their experiments, the ESAC sets a new standard for interactive learning and\u0000support for the scientific community using large-scale scientific facilities.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water-(Ice-) Cherenkov neutrino telescopes have played a pivotal role in the search and discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Experimental collaborations are developing and constructing next-generation neutrino telescopes with improved optical modules (OMs) and larger geometrical volumes to increase their efficiency in the multi-TeV energy range and extend their reach to EeV energies. Although most existing telescopes share similar OM layouts, more layout options should be explored for next-generation detectors to maximize discovery capability. In this work, we study a set of layouts at different geometrical volumes and evaluate the signal event selection efficiency and reconstruction fidelity under both an only trigger-level linear regression algorithm and an offline Graph Neural Network (GNN) reconstruction. Our methodology and findings serve as first steps toward an optimized, global network of neutrino telescopes.
{"title":"Comparison of Geometrical Layouts for Next-Generation Large-volume Cherenkov Neutrino Telescopes","authors":"Tong Zhu, Miaochen Jin, Carlos A. Argüelles","doi":"arxiv-2407.19010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19010","url":null,"abstract":"Water-(Ice-) Cherenkov neutrino telescopes have played a pivotal role in the\u0000search and discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Experimental\u0000collaborations are developing and constructing next-generation neutrino\u0000telescopes with improved optical modules (OMs) and larger geometrical volumes\u0000to increase their efficiency in the multi-TeV energy range and extend their\u0000reach to EeV energies. Although most existing telescopes share similar OM\u0000layouts, more layout options should be explored for next-generation detectors\u0000to maximize discovery capability. In this work, we study a set of layouts at\u0000different geometrical volumes and evaluate the signal event selection\u0000efficiency and reconstruction fidelity under both an only trigger-level linear\u0000regression algorithm and an offline Graph Neural Network (GNN) reconstruction.\u0000Our methodology and findings serve as first steps toward an optimized, global\u0000network of neutrino telescopes.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Luca Aglietta, Matias Antonelli, Francesco Barile, Franco Benotto, Stefania Maria Beolè, Elena Botta, Giuseppe Eugenio Bruno, Francesca Carnesecchi, Domenico Colella, Angelo Colelli, Giacomo Contin, Giuseppe De Robertis, Florina Dumitrache, Domenico Elia, Chiara Ferrero, Martin Fransen, Alex Kluge, Shyam Kumar, Corentin Lemoine, Francesco Licciulli, Bong-Hwi Lim, Flavio Loddo, Magnus Mager, Davide Marras, Paolo Martinengo, Cosimo Pastore, Rajendra Nath Patra, Stefania Perciballi, Francesco Piro, Francesco Prino, Luciano Ramello, Arianna Grisel Torres Ramos, Felix Reidt, Roberto Russo, Valerio Sarritzu, Umberto Savino, David Schledewitz, Mariia Selina, Serhiy Senyukov, Mario Sitta, Walter Snoeys, Jory Sonneveld, Miljenko Suljic, Triloki Triloki, Andrea Turcato
In the context of the CERN EP R&D on monolithic sensors and the ALICE ITS3 upgrade, the Tower Partners Semiconductor Co (TPSCo) 65 nm process has been qualified for use in high energy physics, and adopted for the ALICE ITS3 upgrade. An Analog Pixel Test Structure (APTS) featuring fast per pixel operational-amplifier-based buffering for a small matrix of four by four pixels, with a sensor with a small collection electrode and a very non-uniform electric field, was designed to allow detailed characterization of the pixel performance in this technology. Several variants of this chip with different pixel designs have been characterized with a (120 GeV/$c$) positive hadron beam. This result indicates that the APTS-OA prototype variants with the best performance achieve a time resolution of 63 ps with a detection efficiency exceeding 99% and a spatial resolution of 2 $mu$m, highlighting the potential of TPSCo 65nm CMOS imaging technology for high-energy physics and other fields requiring precise time measurement, high detection efficiency, and excellent spatial resolution.
在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）EP 单片传感器研发和 ALICE ITS3 升级的背景下，Tower Partners Semiconductor Co (TPSCo) 65 纳米工艺已通过高能物理应用认证，并被 ALICE ITS3 升级所采用。模拟像素测试结构（APTS）的特点是为一个四乘四像素的小矩阵提供快速的基于每个像素工作放大器的缓冲，并设计了一个具有小收集电极和非常非均方电场的传感器，以便详细鉴定该技术的像素性能。使用（120 GeV/$c$）正向强子束对该芯片的几种不同像素设计的变体进行了表征。结果表明，性能最好的 APTS-OA 原型变体的时间分辨率为 63 ps，探测效率超过 99%，空间分辨率为 2 $mu$m，凸显了 TPSCo 65nm CMOS 成像技术在高能物理和其他需要精确时间测量、高探测效率和出色空间分辨率的领域的潜力。
{"title":"Time performance of Analog Pixel Test Structures with in-chip operational amplifier implemented in 65 nm CMOS imaging process","authors":"Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Luca Aglietta, Matias Antonelli, Francesco Barile, Franco Benotto, Stefania Maria Beolè, Elena Botta, Giuseppe Eugenio Bruno, Francesca Carnesecchi, Domenico Colella, Angelo Colelli, Giacomo Contin, Giuseppe De Robertis, Florina Dumitrache, Domenico Elia, Chiara Ferrero, Martin Fransen, Alex Kluge, Shyam Kumar, Corentin Lemoine, Francesco Licciulli, Bong-Hwi Lim, Flavio Loddo, Magnus Mager, Davide Marras, Paolo Martinengo, Cosimo Pastore, Rajendra Nath Patra, Stefania Perciballi, Francesco Piro, Francesco Prino, Luciano Ramello, Arianna Grisel Torres Ramos, Felix Reidt, Roberto Russo, Valerio Sarritzu, Umberto Savino, David Schledewitz, Mariia Selina, Serhiy Senyukov, Mario Sitta, Walter Snoeys, Jory Sonneveld, Miljenko Suljic, Triloki Triloki, Andrea Turcato","doi":"arxiv-2407.18528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.18528","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the CERN EP R&D on monolithic sensors and the ALICE ITS3\u0000upgrade, the Tower Partners Semiconductor Co (TPSCo) 65 nm process has been\u0000qualified for use in high energy physics, and adopted for the ALICE ITS3\u0000upgrade. An Analog Pixel Test Structure (APTS) featuring fast per pixel\u0000operational-amplifier-based buffering for a small matrix of four by four\u0000pixels, with a sensor with a small collection electrode and a very non-uniform\u0000electric field, was designed to allow detailed characterization of the pixel\u0000performance in this technology. Several variants of this chip with different\u0000pixel designs have been characterized with a (120 GeV/$c$) positive hadron\u0000beam. This result indicates that the APTS-OA prototype variants with the best\u0000performance achieve a time resolution of 63 ps with a detection efficiency\u0000exceeding 99% and a spatial resolution of 2 $mu$m, highlighting the potential\u0000of TPSCo 65nm CMOS imaging technology for high-energy physics and other fields\u0000requiring precise time measurement, high detection efficiency, and excellent\u0000spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Baibussinov, M. Bettini, F. Fabris, A. Guglielmi, S. Marchini, G. Meng, M. Nicoletto, F. Pietropaolo, G. Rampazzo, R. Triozzi, F. Varanini
The use of double-faced, metallized, perforated PCB planes, segmented into strips for the anodic read-out of ionization signals in liquid argon TPCs, is emerging as a promising technology for charge readout in liquid argon TPCs used in large volume detectors.As a proof of concept, a prototype liquid Argon TPC hosting this new anode configuration based on single side perforated PCB planes has been constructed and exposed to cosmic rays at LNL in Italy. Tests were performed with both the metallized and insulating sides of the anode facing the drift volume, providing the first evidence of the focusing effect on drift electron trajectories through the PCB holes due to charge accumulation on the insulator surface.
{"title":"Study of charging-up of PCB planes for neutrino experiment readout","authors":"B. Baibussinov, M. Bettini, F. Fabris, A. Guglielmi, S. Marchini, G. Meng, M. Nicoletto, F. Pietropaolo, G. Rampazzo, R. Triozzi, F. Varanini","doi":"arxiv-2407.19105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2407.19105","url":null,"abstract":"The use of double-faced, metallized, perforated PCB planes, segmented into\u0000strips for the anodic read-out of ionization signals in liquid argon TPCs, is\u0000emerging as a promising technology for charge readout in liquid argon TPCs used\u0000in large volume detectors.As a proof of concept, a prototype liquid Argon TPC\u0000hosting this new anode configuration based on single side perforated PCB planes\u0000has been constructed and exposed to cosmic rays at LNL in Italy. Tests were\u0000performed with both the metallized and insulating sides of the anode facing the\u0000drift volume, providing the first evidence of the focusing effect on drift\u0000electron trajectories through the PCB holes due to charge accumulation on the\u0000insulator surface.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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