Almazbek Imanaliev, Olivier Thévenot, Kamel Dougdag, François Piquemal
The stability and non-linearity of a commercial AH 2700A capacitance bridge were studied beyond its specified capabilities using the Thompson-Lampard Calculable Capacitor (TLCC) at LNE. The TLCC allows for continuous variation of measured capacitance between 0.4 pF and 1.2 pF with a resolution of 2 parts in $10^{7}$ and stability better than 1 part in $10^{9}$ over 2 days. The study aimed to determine root cause of the saw-tooth non-linearity pattern observed in the AH 2700A capacitance bridge. This pattern becomes apparent when the internal calibration is no longer valid, indicating deviations in the bridge circuit. Additionally, the dependence of capacitance non-linearity on various factors such as frequency and capacitance value are described. This work enables automatic calibration of the commercial bridge with an uncertainty of sub-ppm level and allows for quick evaluation of TLCC's non-linearity and monitoring of any changes over time through in-situ measurements.
{"title":"Measuring Non-linearity in AH 2700A Capacitance Bridges with sub-ppm level uncertainty","authors":"Almazbek Imanaliev, Olivier Thévenot, Kamel Dougdag, François Piquemal","doi":"arxiv-2409.04132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04132","url":null,"abstract":"The stability and non-linearity of a commercial AH 2700A capacitance bridge\u0000were studied beyond its specified capabilities using the Thompson-Lampard\u0000Calculable Capacitor (TLCC) at LNE. The TLCC allows for continuous variation of\u0000measured capacitance between 0.4 pF and 1.2 pF with a resolution of 2 parts in\u0000$10^{7}$ and stability better than 1 part in $10^{9}$ over 2 days. The study\u0000aimed to determine root cause of the saw-tooth non-linearity pattern observed\u0000in the AH 2700A capacitance bridge. This pattern becomes apparent when the\u0000internal calibration is no longer valid, indicating deviations in the bridge\u0000circuit. Additionally, the dependence of capacitance non-linearity on various\u0000factors such as frequency and capacitance value are described. This work\u0000enables automatic calibration of the commercial bridge with an uncertainty of\u0000sub-ppm level and allows for quick evaluation of TLCC's non-linearity and\u0000monitoring of any changes over time through in-situ measurements.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongchao Ma, Nanjia Li, Weibo Liu, Kang Ma, Wei Zhao, Songling Huang, Shisong Li
Although the so-called magnetic geometrical factor, $Bl$, of a Kibble balance does not appear in the Kibble equations, it offers the precision link between electrical and mechanical quantities and furthers a quasi-quantum traceability path for mass metrology. This feature makes the magnet system, supplying the $Bl$ in Kibble equations, play a core role in Kibble balances. Following the open-hardware idea, we report here on the design, manufacture, assembly, optimization, and finally performance of a compact magnet system for the Tsinghua tabletop Kibble balance. Notably, the magnet system showcased in this study facilitates a straightforward upper levitation of splitting through a streamlined mechanism guide, substantially enhancing the ease of open and close operations. Experimental tests show the realized magnet systems can yield a high $Bl$ value (e.g., 400 Tm for a bifilar coil and 800 Tm for a single coil with a wire gauge of 0.2 mm) meanwhile a low volume/weight (40 kg) thanks to the uniformity improvement of magnetic profiles. Furthermore, important parameters related to systematic effects, such as the current effect, are checked, aiming for a final mass-realization accuracy at the $10^{-8}$ level.
{"title":"A Compact Magnet System for the Tsinghua Tabletop Kibble Balance","authors":"Yongchao Ma, Nanjia Li, Weibo Liu, Kang Ma, Wei Zhao, Songling Huang, Shisong Li","doi":"arxiv-2409.03334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03334","url":null,"abstract":"Although the so-called magnetic geometrical factor, $Bl$, of a Kibble balance\u0000does not appear in the Kibble equations, it offers the precision link between\u0000electrical and mechanical quantities and furthers a quasi-quantum traceability\u0000path for mass metrology. This feature makes the magnet system, supplying the\u0000$Bl$ in Kibble equations, play a core role in Kibble balances. Following the\u0000open-hardware idea, we report here on the design, manufacture, assembly,\u0000optimization, and finally performance of a compact magnet system for the\u0000Tsinghua tabletop Kibble balance. Notably, the magnet system showcased in this\u0000study facilitates a straightforward upper levitation of splitting through a\u0000streamlined mechanism guide, substantially enhancing the ease of open and close\u0000operations. Experimental tests show the realized magnet systems can yield a\u0000high $Bl$ value (e.g., 400 Tm for a bifilar coil and 800 Tm for a single coil\u0000with a wire gauge of 0.2 mm) meanwhile a low volume/weight (40 kg) thanks to\u0000the uniformity improvement of magnetic profiles. Furthermore, important\u0000parameters related to systematic effects, such as the current effect, are\u0000checked, aiming for a final mass-realization accuracy at the $10^{-8}$ level.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cosmogenic production of long-lived isotopes such as $^{3}$H,$^{55}$Fe, $^{60}$Co, $^{65}$Zn, and $^{68}$Ge poses a significant challenge as a source of background events in Ge-based dark matter (DM) and neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0nubetabeta$) experiments. In the pursuit of DM, particularly within the largely unexplored parameter space for low-mass DM, new detector technologies are being developed with extremely low-energy thresholds to detect MeV-scale DM. However, isotopes like $^{3}$H, $^{55}$Fe, $^{65}$Zn, and $^{68}$Ge, produced cosmogenically within the detector material, emerge as dominant backgrounds that severely limit sensitivity in these searches. Similarly, efforts to detect $0nubetabeta$, especially under a neutrino normal mass hierarchy scenario, require a sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass of $sim$1 meV. Achieving this level of sensitivity necessitates stringent suppression of background signals from isotopes such as $^{60}$Co and $^{68}$Ge, which impose critical detection limits. To reach the targeted sensitivity for these next-generation experiments and to unlock their full discovery potential for both low-mass DM and $0nubetabeta$, relocating Ge crystal growth and detector fabrication to underground environments is crucial. This approach is the most effective strategy to significantly reduce the production of these long-lived isotopes, thereby ensuring the experimental sensitivity required for groundbreaking discoveries.
{"title":"Enhancing Sensitivity in Ge-Based Rare-Event Physics Experiments through Underground Crystal Growth and Detector Fabrication","authors":"Dongming Mei","doi":"arxiv-2409.03580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03580","url":null,"abstract":"The cosmogenic production of long-lived isotopes such as $^{3}$H,$^{55}$Fe,\u0000$^{60}$Co, $^{65}$Zn, and $^{68}$Ge poses a significant challenge as a source\u0000of background events in Ge-based dark matter (DM) and neutrinoless double-beta\u0000decay ($0nubetabeta$) experiments. In the pursuit of DM, particularly within\u0000the largely unexplored parameter space for low-mass DM, new detector\u0000technologies are being developed with extremely low-energy thresholds to detect\u0000MeV-scale DM. However, isotopes like $^{3}$H, $^{55}$Fe, $^{65}$Zn, and\u0000$^{68}$Ge, produced cosmogenically within the detector material, emerge as\u0000dominant backgrounds that severely limit sensitivity in these searches.\u0000Similarly, efforts to detect $0nubetabeta$, especially under a neutrino\u0000normal mass hierarchy scenario, require a sensitivity to the effective Majorana\u0000mass of $sim$1 meV. Achieving this level of sensitivity necessitates stringent\u0000suppression of background signals from isotopes such as $^{60}$Co and\u0000$^{68}$Ge, which impose critical detection limits. To reach the targeted\u0000sensitivity for these next-generation experiments and to unlock their full\u0000discovery potential for both low-mass DM and $0nubetabeta$, relocating Ge\u0000crystal growth and detector fabrication to underground environments is crucial.\u0000This approach is the most effective strategy to significantly reduce the\u0000production of these long-lived isotopes, thereby ensuring the experimental\u0000sensitivity required for groundbreaking discoveries.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lakshay Dheer, Liang Z. Tan, S. A. Lyon, Thomas Schenkel, Sinéad M. Griffin
While there is much indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM), to date it has evaded detection. Current efforts focus on DM masses over $sim$GeV -- to push the sensitivity of DM searches to lower masses, new DM targets and detection schemes are needed. In this work, we focus on the latter - a novel detection scheme recently proposed to detect ~10-100 meV phonons in polar target materials. Previous work showed that well-motivated models of DM can interact with polar semiconductors to produce an athermal population of phonons. This new sensing scheme proposes that these phonons then facilitate quantum evaporation of $^3$He from a van der Waals film deposited on the target material. However, a fundamental understanding of the underlying process is still unclear, with several uncertainties related to the precise rate of evaporation and how it can be controlled. In this work, we use textit{ab initio} density functional theory (DFT) calculations to compare the adsorption energies of helium atoms on a polar target material, sodium iodide (NaI), to understand the underlying evaporation physics. We explore the role of surface termination, monolayer coverage and elemental species on the rate of He evaporation from the target material. Using this, we discuss the optimal target features for He-evaporation experiments and their range of tunability through chemical and physical modifications such as applied field and surface termination.
{"title":"Factors influencing quantum evaporation of helium from polar semiconductors from first principles","authors":"Lakshay Dheer, Liang Z. Tan, S. A. Lyon, Thomas Schenkel, Sinéad M. Griffin","doi":"arxiv-2409.03857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03857","url":null,"abstract":"While there is much indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM),\u0000to date it has evaded detection. Current efforts focus on DM masses over\u0000$sim$GeV -- to push the sensitivity of DM searches to lower masses, new DM\u0000targets and detection schemes are needed. In this work, we focus on the latter\u0000- a novel detection scheme recently proposed to detect ~10-100 meV phonons in\u0000polar target materials. Previous work showed that well-motivated models of DM\u0000can interact with polar semiconductors to produce an athermal population of\u0000phonons. This new sensing scheme proposes that these phonons then facilitate\u0000quantum evaporation of $^3$He from a van der Waals film deposited on the target\u0000material. However, a fundamental understanding of the underlying process is\u0000still unclear, with several uncertainties related to the precise rate of\u0000evaporation and how it can be controlled. In this work, we use textit{ab\u0000initio} density functional theory (DFT) calculations to compare the adsorption\u0000energies of helium atoms on a polar target material, sodium iodide (NaI), to\u0000understand the underlying evaporation physics. We explore the role of surface\u0000termination, monolayer coverage and elemental species on the rate of He\u0000evaporation from the target material. Using this, we discuss the optimal target\u0000features for He-evaporation experiments and their range of tunability through\u0000chemical and physical modifications such as applied field and surface\u0000termination.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Gentry, Maurizio Boscardin, Martin Hoeferkamp, Marco Povoli, Sally Seidel, Jiahe Si, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta
Characterization measurements of $25 mathrm{mu m} times 25 mathrm{mu m}$ pitch 3D silicon sensors are presented, for devices with active thickness of $150mu$m. Evidence of charge multiplication caused by impact ionization below the breakdown voltage is observed. Small-pitch 3D silicon sensors have potential as high precision 4D tracking detectors that are also able to withstand radiation fluences beyond $mathrm{10^{16} n_{eq}/cm^2}$, for use at future facilities such as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, the Electron-Ion Collider, and the Future Circular Collider. Characteristics of these devices are compared to those for similar sensors of pitch $50 mathrm{mu m} times 50 mathrm{mu m}$, showing comparable charge collection at low voltage, and acceptable leakage current, depletion voltage, breakdown voltage, and capacitance despite the extremely small cell size. The unirradiated $25 mathrm{mu m} times 25 mathrm{mu m}$ sensors exhibit charge multiplication above about 90 V reverse bias, while, as predicted, no multiplication is observed in the $50 mathrm{mu m} times 50 mathrm{mu m}$ sensors below their breakdown voltage. The maximum gain observed below breakdown is 1.33.
{"title":"Evidence of Charge Multiplication in Thin $25 mathrm{μm} times 25 mathrm{μm}$ Pitch 3D Silicon Sensors","authors":"Andrew Gentry, Maurizio Boscardin, Martin Hoeferkamp, Marco Povoli, Sally Seidel, Jiahe Si, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta","doi":"arxiv-2409.03909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03909","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization measurements of $25 mathrm{mu m} times 25 mathrm{mu m}$\u0000pitch 3D silicon sensors are presented, for devices with active thickness of\u0000$150mu$m. Evidence of charge multiplication caused by impact ionization below\u0000the breakdown voltage is observed. Small-pitch 3D silicon sensors have\u0000potential as high precision 4D tracking detectors that are also able to\u0000withstand radiation fluences beyond $mathrm{10^{16} n_{eq}/cm^2}$, for use at\u0000future facilities such as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, the\u0000Electron-Ion Collider, and the Future Circular Collider. Characteristics of\u0000these devices are compared to those for similar sensors of pitch $50\u0000mathrm{mu m} times 50 mathrm{mu m}$, showing comparable charge collection\u0000at low voltage, and acceptable leakage current, depletion voltage, breakdown\u0000voltage, and capacitance despite the extremely small cell size. The\u0000unirradiated $25 mathrm{mu m} times 25 mathrm{mu m}$ sensors exhibit\u0000charge multiplication above about 90 V reverse bias, while, as predicted, no\u0000multiplication is observed in the $50 mathrm{mu m} times 50 mathrm{mu m}$\u0000sensors below their breakdown voltage. The maximum gain observed below\u0000breakdown is 1.33.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bonanno, L. S. Di Mauro, D. Diego-Tortosa, A. Idrissi, G. Riccobene, S. Sanfilippo, S. Viola
Research suggests that acoustic technology may be able to detect ultra-high-energy neutrinos if a large amount of non-linear fluid is analyzed. When a neutrino interacts in water, it creates a quasi-instantaneous cascade of particles, heating that region of the fluid and emitting a tiny acoustic signal. This rapid heating produces a thermoacoustic Bipolar Pulse (BP) with unique characteristics such as a wide bandwidth and a narrow directivity for these frequencies. While dedicated devices for acoustic neutrino detection are currently non-existent, there are a few underwater neutrino telescopes that utilize optical technology, but often with an acoustic positioning system that deploys hydrophones in the infrastructure. The possibility of using them to study a BP caused by a neutrino interaction is currently being discussed. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a trigger system to detect a possible BP in deep-sea hydrophones. For this, up to 24 hours of the raw acoustic signal recorded by the O$nu$DE-2 station, which was located 25 km off-shore from Catania in the Western Ionian Sea, at 2100 m depth, is analyzed. The station used calibrated hydrophones from a few Hz to 70 kHz. In this work, a synthetic BP is created and added to the experimental data, allowing the study of its detection and the calculation of precision and recall.
{"title":"Study of acoustic neutrino detection in O$ν$DE-2 raw acoustic data","authors":"D. Bonanno, L. S. Di Mauro, D. Diego-Tortosa, A. Idrissi, G. Riccobene, S. Sanfilippo, S. Viola","doi":"arxiv-2409.04472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.04472","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that acoustic technology may be able to detect\u0000ultra-high-energy neutrinos if a large amount of non-linear fluid is analyzed.\u0000When a neutrino interacts in water, it creates a quasi-instantaneous cascade of\u0000particles, heating that region of the fluid and emitting a tiny acoustic\u0000signal. This rapid heating produces a thermoacoustic Bipolar Pulse (BP) with\u0000unique characteristics such as a wide bandwidth and a narrow directivity for\u0000these frequencies. While dedicated devices for acoustic neutrino detection are\u0000currently non-existent, there are a few underwater neutrino telescopes that\u0000utilize optical technology, but often with an acoustic positioning system that\u0000deploys hydrophones in the infrastructure. The possibility of using them to\u0000study a BP caused by a neutrino interaction is currently being discussed. This\u0000study aims to evaluate the implementation of a trigger system to detect a\u0000possible BP in deep-sea hydrophones. For this, up to 24 hours of the raw\u0000acoustic signal recorded by the O$nu$DE-2 station, which was located 25 km\u0000off-shore from Catania in the Western Ionian Sea, at 2100 m depth, is analyzed.\u0000The station used calibrated hydrophones from a few Hz to 70 kHz. In this work,\u0000a synthetic BP is created and added to the experimental data, allowing the\u0000study of its detection and the calculation of precision and recall.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Levy-Bertrand, M. Calvo, U. Chowdhury, A. Gomez, J. Goupy, A. Monfardini
We tune the onset of optical response in aluminium kinetic inductance detectors from a natural cutoff frequency of 90 GHz to 60 GHz by applying an external magnetic field. The change in spectral response is due to the decrease of the superconducting gap, from 90 GHz at zero magnetic field to 60 GHz at a magnetic field of around 3 mT. We characterize the variation of the superconducting gap, the detector frequency shift and the internal quality factor as a function of the applied field. In principle, the magnetic field tunable response could be used to make spectroscopic measurements. In practice, the internal quality factor behaves hysteretically with the magnetic field due to the presence of vortices in the thin superconducting film. We conclude by discussing possible solutions to achieve spectroscopy measurements using kinetic inductance detectors and magnetic field.
{"title":"Magnetic field tunable spectral response of kinetic inductance detectors","authors":"F. Levy-Bertrand, M. Calvo, U. Chowdhury, A. Gomez, J. Goupy, A. Monfardini","doi":"arxiv-2409.03356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03356","url":null,"abstract":"We tune the onset of optical response in aluminium kinetic inductance\u0000detectors from a natural cutoff frequency of 90 GHz to 60 GHz by applying an\u0000external magnetic field. The change in spectral response is due to the decrease\u0000of the superconducting gap, from 90 GHz at zero magnetic field to 60 GHz at a\u0000magnetic field of around 3 mT. We characterize the variation of the\u0000superconducting gap, the detector frequency shift and the internal quality\u0000factor as a function of the applied field. In principle, the magnetic field\u0000tunable response could be used to make spectroscopic measurements. In practice,\u0000the internal quality factor behaves hysteretically with the magnetic field due\u0000to the presence of vortices in the thin superconducting film. We conclude by\u0000discussing possible solutions to achieve spectroscopy measurements using\u0000kinetic inductance detectors and magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Hao LiPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Chuan YuePurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Yong-Qiang ZhangPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jian-Hua GuoPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Qiang YuanPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne particle detector for measurements of high-energy cosmic rays and {gamma}-rays. DAMPE has been operating smoothly in space for more than 8 years since launch on December 17, 2015. The trigger logic of DAMPE is designed according to the deposited energy information recorded by the calorimeter. The precise calibration of the trigger thresholds and their long-term evolutions are very important for the scientific analysis of DAMPE. In this work, we develop a new method for the threshold calibration, considering the influence from the electronic noise, and obtain the long-term evolutions of the trigger thresholds. The average increase rate of the trigger thresholds for the first 4 layers of the calorimeter is found to be about 0.9% per year, resulting in variations of the high-energy trigger efficiency of cosmic ray electrons by about -5% per year at 2 GeV and less than about -0.05% above 30 GeV.
{"title":"On-orbit calibration and long-term performance of the DAMPE trigger system","authors":"Wen-Hao LiPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Chuan YuePurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Yong-Qiang ZhangPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jian-Hua GuoPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Qiang YuanPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NanjingSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei","doi":"arxiv-2409.03352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.03352","url":null,"abstract":"The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne particle\u0000detector for measurements of high-energy cosmic rays and {gamma}-rays. DAMPE\u0000has been operating smoothly in space for more than 8 years since launch on\u0000December 17, 2015. The trigger logic of DAMPE is designed according to the\u0000deposited energy information recorded by the calorimeter. The precise\u0000calibration of the trigger thresholds and their long-term evolutions are very\u0000important for the scientific analysis of DAMPE. In this work, we develop a new\u0000method for the threshold calibration, considering the influence from the\u0000electronic noise, and obtain the long-term evolutions of the trigger\u0000thresholds. The average increase rate of the trigger thresholds for the first 4\u0000layers of the calorimeter is found to be about 0.9% per year, resulting in\u0000variations of the high-energy trigger efficiency of cosmic ray electrons by\u0000about -5% per year at 2 GeV and less than about -0.05% above 30 GeV.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Cutsail, Johan Vonk, Vivek Singh, Yury G Kolomensky
The coherent conversion of a muon to an electron in a nuclear field has been one of the most powerful methods to search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation (CLFV). Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the sensitivity of $mu rightarrow e$ searches, primarily driven by advancements in muon beamline design and low-mass tracking detectors, which afford exceptional momentum resolution. Nevertheless, the performance of these detectors is inherently limited by electron scattering and energy loss within detector materials. To overcome these inevitable limitations, we propose a novel holographic track reconstruction leveraging synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons. Similar to cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) which has demonstrated outstanding energy resolutions for low-energy electrons, our technique relies on a precision measurement of cyclotron frequency, but in a regime where photons are emitted stochastically and are projected onto a 2-dimensional inner surface of a solenoidal magnet. We outline the concept of such a massless holographic tracker and feasibility of employing this innovative detection strategy for $mu rightarrow e$ conversion. We also address pertinent limitations and challenges inherent to the method.
{"title":"Measuring Electron Energy in Muon-to-Electron Conversion using Holographic Synchrotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy","authors":"Nicholas Cutsail, Johan Vonk, Vivek Singh, Yury G Kolomensky","doi":"arxiv-2409.02878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02878","url":null,"abstract":"The coherent conversion of a muon to an electron in a nuclear field has been\u0000one of the most powerful methods to search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation\u0000(CLFV). Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the sensitivity of $mu\u0000rightarrow e$ searches, primarily driven by advancements in muon beamline\u0000design and low-mass tracking detectors, which afford exceptional momentum\u0000resolution. Nevertheless, the performance of these detectors is inherently\u0000limited by electron scattering and energy loss within detector materials. To\u0000overcome these inevitable limitations, we propose a novel holographic track\u0000reconstruction leveraging synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons. Similar\u0000to cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) which has demonstrated\u0000outstanding energy resolutions for low-energy electrons, our technique relies\u0000on a precision measurement of cyclotron frequency, but in a regime where\u0000photons are emitted stochastically and are projected onto a 2-dimensional inner\u0000surface of a solenoidal magnet. We outline the concept of such a massless\u0000holographic tracker and feasibility of employing this innovative detection\u0000strategy for $mu rightarrow e$ conversion. We also address pertinent\u0000limitations and challenges inherent to the method.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma E. Wollman, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Boris Korzh, Marcus C. Runyan, Lautaro Narváez, William H. Farr, Francesco Marsili, Ryan M. Briggs, Gregory J. Miles, Matthew D. Shaw
We report on a free-space-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array developed for NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications project (DSOC). The array serves as the downlink detector for DSOC's primary ground receiver terminal located at Palomar Observatory's 200-inch Hale Telescope. The 64-pixel WSi array comprises four quadrants of 16 co-wound pixels covering a 320 micron diameter active area and embedded in an optical stack. The detector system also includes cryogenic optics for filtering and focusing the downlink signal and electronics for biasing the array and amplifying the output pulses. The detector system exhibits a peak system detection efficiency of 76% at 1550 nm, a background-limited false count rate as low as 3.7 kcps across the array, timing jitter less than 120 ps FWHM, and a maximum count rate of ~ 1 Gcps.
{"title":"An SNSPD-based detector system for NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications project","authors":"Emma E. Wollman, Jason P. Allmaras, Andrew D. Beyer, Boris Korzh, Marcus C. Runyan, Lautaro Narváez, William H. Farr, Francesco Marsili, Ryan M. Briggs, Gregory J. Miles, Matthew D. Shaw","doi":"arxiv-2409.02356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.02356","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a free-space-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon\u0000detector array developed for NASA's Deep Space Optical Communications project\u0000(DSOC). The array serves as the downlink detector for DSOC's primary ground\u0000receiver terminal located at Palomar Observatory's 200-inch Hale Telescope. The\u000064-pixel WSi array comprises four quadrants of 16 co-wound pixels covering a\u0000320 micron diameter active area and embedded in an optical stack. The detector\u0000system also includes cryogenic optics for filtering and focusing the downlink\u0000signal and electronics for biasing the array and amplifying the output pulses.\u0000The detector system exhibits a peak system detection efficiency of 76% at 1550\u0000nm, a background-limited false count rate as low as 3.7 kcps across the array,\u0000timing jitter less than 120 ps FWHM, and a maximum count rate of ~ 1 Gcps.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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