M. A. Hernandez-Morquecho, R. Acciarri, J. Asaadi, M. Backfish, W. Badgett, V. Basque, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, W. Foreman, R. Gomes, E. Gramellini, J. Ho, E. Kearns, E. Kemp, T. Kobilarcik, M. King, B. R. Littlejohn, X. Luo, A. Marchionni, C. A. Moura, J. L. Raaf, D. W. Schmitz, M. Soderberg, J. M. St. John, A. M. Szelc, T. Yang
We report the measurement of the final-state products of negative pion and muon nuclear capture at rest on argon by the LArIAT experiment at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. We measure a population of isolated MeV-scale energy depositions, or blips, in 296 LArIAT events containing tracks from stopping low-momentum pions and muons. The average numbers of visible blips are measured to be 0.74 $pm$ 0.19 and 1.86 $pm$ 0.17 near muon and pion track endpoints, respectively. The 3.6$sigma$ statistically significant difference in blip content between muons and pions provides the first demonstration of a new method of pion-muon discrimination in neutrino liquid argon time projection chamber experiments. LArIAT Monte Carlo simulations predict substantially higher average blip counts for negative muon (1.22 $pm$ 0.08) and pion (2.34 $pm$ 0.09) nuclear captures. We attribute this difference to Geant4's inaccurate simulation of the nuclear capture process.
{"title":"Measurements of Pion and Muon Nuclear Capture at Rest on Argon in the LArIAT Experiment","authors":"M. A. Hernandez-Morquecho, R. Acciarri, J. Asaadi, M. Backfish, W. Badgett, V. Basque, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, W. Foreman, R. Gomes, E. Gramellini, J. Ho, E. Kearns, E. Kemp, T. Kobilarcik, M. King, B. R. Littlejohn, X. Luo, A. Marchionni, C. A. Moura, J. L. Raaf, D. W. Schmitz, M. Soderberg, J. M. St. John, A. M. Szelc, T. Yang","doi":"arxiv-2408.05133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.05133","url":null,"abstract":"We report the measurement of the final-state products of negative pion and\u0000muon nuclear capture at rest on argon by the LArIAT experiment at the Fermilab\u0000Test Beam Facility. We measure a population of isolated MeV-scale energy\u0000depositions, or blips, in 296 LArIAT events containing tracks from stopping\u0000low-momentum pions and muons. The average numbers of visible blips are measured\u0000to be 0.74 $pm$ 0.19 and 1.86 $pm$ 0.17 near muon and pion track endpoints,\u0000respectively. The 3.6$sigma$ statistically significant difference in blip\u0000content between muons and pions provides the first demonstration of a new\u0000method of pion-muon discrimination in neutrino liquid argon time projection\u0000chamber experiments. LArIAT Monte Carlo simulations predict substantially\u0000higher average blip counts for negative muon (1.22 $pm$ 0.08) and pion (2.34\u0000$pm$ 0.09) nuclear captures. We attribute this difference to Geant4's\u0000inaccurate simulation of the nuclear capture process.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extensive efforts over the past number of years have been applied to develop workflows for sample preparation of specimens for atom probe tomography at cryogenic temperatures. This is primarily due to the difficulty involved in preparing site specific lift out samples at cryogenic temperatures without the assistance of the gas injection system (GIS) as using it under cryogenic conditions leads to nonuniform and difficult to control deposition. Building on the efforts of previously developed GIS free workflows utilising redeposition techniques, this work provides an alternative approach using SEMGluTM, which is an electron beam curing adhesive that remains usable at cryogenic temperatures, to both lift out cryogenically frozen samples, and mount these samples to Si microarray posts for subsequent redeposition welding. This approach is applicable for a full cryogenic workflow but is particularly useful for non-fully cryogenic workflows such as beam sensitive samples, samples that mill easily, and samples with challenging geometries. We demonstrate atom probe analysis of silicon samples in both laser pulsing and voltage mode prepared using this workflow, with comparable analytical performance to a pre-sharpened microtip coupon. An application-based example which directly benefits from this approach, correlative Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy and cryogenic Atom Probe Tomography sample preparation, is also shown.
{"title":"Look What You Made Me Glue: SEMGluTM Enabled Alternative Cryogenic Sample Preparation Process for Cryogenic Atom Probe Tomography Studies","authors":"Neil Mulcahy, James O Douglas, Michele Conroy","doi":"arxiv-2408.03566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.03566","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive efforts over the past number of years have been applied to develop\u0000workflows for sample preparation of specimens for atom probe tomography at\u0000cryogenic temperatures. This is primarily due to the difficulty involved in\u0000preparing site specific lift out samples at cryogenic temperatures without the\u0000assistance of the gas injection system (GIS) as using it under cryogenic\u0000conditions leads to nonuniform and difficult to control deposition. Building on\u0000the efforts of previously developed GIS free workflows utilising redeposition\u0000techniques, this work provides an alternative approach using SEMGluTM, which is\u0000an electron beam curing adhesive that remains usable at cryogenic temperatures,\u0000to both lift out cryogenically frozen samples, and mount these samples to Si\u0000microarray posts for subsequent redeposition welding. This approach is\u0000applicable for a full cryogenic workflow but is particularly useful for\u0000non-fully cryogenic workflows such as beam sensitive samples, samples that mill\u0000easily, and samples with challenging geometries. We demonstrate atom probe\u0000analysis of silicon samples in both laser pulsing and voltage mode prepared\u0000using this workflow, with comparable analytical performance to a pre-sharpened\u0000microtip coupon. An application-based example which directly benefits from this\u0000approach, correlative Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy and\u0000cryogenic Atom Probe Tomography sample preparation, is also shown.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past five decades, solar neutrino research has been pivotal in driving significant scientific advancements, enriching our comprehension of both neutrino characteristics and solar processes. Despite numerous experiments dedicated to solar neutrino detection, a segment of the lower pp spectrum remains unexplored, while the precision of measurements from the CNO cycle remains insufficient to resolve the solar abundance problem determined by the discrepancy between the data gathered from helioseismology and the forecasts generated by stellar interior models for the Sun. The CYGNO/INITIUM experiment aims to deploy a large 30 m3 directional detector for rare event searches focusing on Dark Matter. Recently, in the CYGNUS collaboration, there has been consideration for employing these time projection chamber technology in solar neutrino directional detection trough neutrino-electron elastic scattering. This is due to their potential to conduct low-threshold, high-precision measurements with spectroscopic neutrino energy reconstruction on an event-by-event basis driven by the kinematic. However, so far, no experiments have been investigated on the feasibility of this measurement using actual detector performances and background levels. Such a detector already with a volume of O(10) m3 could perform an observation of solar neutrino from the pp chain with an unprecedented low threshold, while with larger volumes it could measure the CNO cycle eventually solving the solar metallicity problem.
{"title":"Feasibility of a directional solar neutrino measurement with the CYGNO/INITIUM experiment","authors":"Samuele Torelli","doi":"arxiv-2408.03760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.03760","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past five decades, solar neutrino research has been pivotal in\u0000driving significant scientific advancements, enriching our comprehension of\u0000both neutrino characteristics and solar processes. Despite numerous experiments\u0000dedicated to solar neutrino detection, a segment of the lower pp spectrum\u0000remains unexplored, while the precision of measurements from the CNO cycle\u0000remains insufficient to resolve the solar abundance problem determined by the\u0000discrepancy between the data gathered from helioseismology and the forecasts\u0000generated by stellar interior models for the Sun. The CYGNO/INITIUM experiment\u0000aims to deploy a large 30 m3 directional detector for rare event searches\u0000focusing on Dark Matter. Recently, in the CYGNUS collaboration, there has been\u0000consideration for employing these time projection chamber technology in solar\u0000neutrino directional detection trough neutrino-electron elastic scattering.\u0000This is due to their potential to conduct low-threshold, high-precision\u0000measurements with spectroscopic neutrino energy reconstruction on an\u0000event-by-event basis driven by the kinematic. However, so far, no experiments\u0000have been investigated on the feasibility of this measurement using actual\u0000detector performances and background levels. Such a detector already with a\u0000volume of O(10) m3 could perform an observation of solar neutrino from the pp\u0000chain with an unprecedented low threshold, while with larger volumes it could\u0000measure the CNO cycle eventually solving the solar metallicity problem.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The TUCAN nEDM experiment characterizes the QuSpin Zero-Field Magnetometer (QZFM) to accurately map residual fields within a large magnetically shielded room. The magnetometer's intrinsic offset was measured to be within 3 nT and stable over a period of one year. The response was shown to be within 2 percent of linearity in the zero-field regime, up to 2 nTpp, and then follows a smooth dispersion curve. Crosstalk effects induced by multisensor operation were determined to have a small effect, and inconsequential with a separation above 6 cm. These results enable the QZFM for accurate measurement of DC fields, increase the operational range of QZFM by a factor of more than an order of magnitude, and allow for higher efficiency and flexibility by green-lighting simultaneous operation of multiple QZFMs.
{"title":"QuSpin Zero-Field Magnetometer Characterization for the TUCAN Experiment","authors":"Michael Zhao, Russell Mammei, Derek Fujimoto","doi":"arxiv-2408.02941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02941","url":null,"abstract":"The TUCAN nEDM experiment characterizes the QuSpin Zero-Field Magnetometer\u0000(QZFM) to accurately map residual fields within a large magnetically shielded\u0000room. The magnetometer's intrinsic offset was measured to be within 3 nT and\u0000stable over a period of one year. The response was shown to be within 2 percent\u0000of linearity in the zero-field regime, up to 2 nTpp, and then follows a smooth\u0000dispersion curve. Crosstalk effects induced by multisensor operation were\u0000determined to have a small effect, and inconsequential with a separation above\u00006 cm. These results enable the QZFM for accurate measurement of DC fields,\u0000increase the operational range of QZFM by a factor of more than an order of\u0000magnitude, and allow for higher efficiency and flexibility by green-lighting\u0000simultaneous operation of multiple QZFMs.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, M. Bazyk, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, K. Boese, A. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. P. Cimental Chávez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, V. D'Andrea, L. C. Daniel Garcia, M. P. Decowski, A. Deisting, C. Di Donato, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, T. Flehmke, M. Flierman, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, S. Ghosh, R. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, H. Guan, M. Guida, P. Gyorgy, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, Y. Kaminaga, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, D. Koke, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, Y. -T. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, M. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, A. Melchiorre, J. Merz, M. Messina, A. Michael, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, Y. Pan, Q. Pellegrini, R. Peres, C. Peters, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, G. Plante, T. R. Pollmann, L. Principe, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, M. Rajado, R. Singh, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, J. Shi, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. -L. Tan, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. D. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, S. Vecchi, S. Vetter, F. I. Villazon Solar, G. Volta, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, V. H. S. Wu, Y. Xing, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, M. Zhong
We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9,t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51,t$times$y resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5,keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73,$sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of $(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})times 10^6,mathrm{cm}^{-2}mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CE$nu$NS cross-section on Xe of $(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})times10^{-39},mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.
{"title":"First Measurement of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT","authors":"E. Aprile, J. Aalbers, K. Abe, S. Ahmed Maouloud, L. Althueser, B. Andrieu, E. Angelino, D. Antón Martin, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, M. Bazyk, L. Bellagamba, R. Biondi, A. Bismark, K. Boese, A. Brown, G. Bruno, R. Budnik, C. Cai, C. Capelli, J. M. R. Cardoso, A. P. Cimental Chávez, A. P. Colijn, J. Conrad, J. J. Cuenca-García, V. D'Andrea, L. C. Daniel Garcia, M. P. Decowski, A. Deisting, C. Di Donato, P. Di Gangi, S. Diglio, K. Eitel, A. Elykov, A. D. Ferella, C. Ferrari, H. Fischer, T. Flehmke, M. Flierman, W. Fulgione, C. Fuselli, P. Gaemers, R. Gaior, M. Galloway, F. Gao, S. Ghosh, R. Giacomobono, R. Glade-Beucke, L. Grandi, J. Grigat, H. Guan, M. Guida, P. Gyorgy, R. Hammann, A. Higuera, C. Hils, L. Hoetzsch, N. F. Hood, M. Iacovacci, Y. Itow, J. Jakob, F. Joerg, Y. Kaminaga, M. Kara, P. Kavrigin, S. Kazama, M. Kobayashi, D. Koke, A. Kopec, F. Kuger, H. Landsman, R. F. Lang, L. Levinson, I. Li, S. Li, S. Liang, Y. -T. Lin, S. Lindemann, M. Lindner, K. Liu, M. Liu, J. Loizeau, F. Lombardi, J. Long, J. A. M. Lopes, T. Luce, Y. Ma, C. Macolino, J. Mahlstedt, A. Mancuso, L. Manenti, F. Marignetti, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, K. Martens, J. Masbou, E. Masson, S. Mastroianni, A. Melchiorre, J. Merz, M. Messina, A. Michael, K. Miuchi, A. Molinario, S. Moriyama, K. Morå, Y. Mosbacher, M. Murra, J. Müller, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, B. Paetsch, Y. Pan, Q. Pellegrini, R. Peres, C. Peters, J. Pienaar, M. Pierre, G. Plante, T. R. Pollmann, L. Principe, J. Qi, J. Qin, D. Ramírez García, M. Rajado, R. Singh, L. Sanchez, J. M. F. dos Santos, I. Sarnoff, G. Sartorelli, J. Schreiner, P. Schulte, H. Schulze Eißing, M. Schumann, L. Scotto Lavina, M. Selvi, F. Semeria, P. Shagin, S. Shi, J. Shi, M. Silva, H. Simgen, A. Takeda, P. -L. Tan, D. Thers, F. Toschi, G. Trinchero, C. D. Tunnell, F. Tönnies, K. Valerius, S. Vecchi, S. Vetter, F. I. Villazon Solar, G. Volta, C. Weinheimer, M. Weiss, D. Wenz, C. Wittweg, V. H. S. Wu, Y. Xing, D. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Yamashita, L. Yang, J. Ye, L. Yuan, G. Zavattini, M. Zhong","doi":"arxiv-2408.02877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02877","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar $^8$B\u0000neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT\u0000dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background,\u0000two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9,t sensitive liquid xenon target.\u0000A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51,t$times$y resulted in 37 observed\u0000events above 0.5,keV, with ($26.4^{+1.4}_{-1.3}$) events expected from\u0000backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical\u0000significance of 2.73,$sigma$. The measured $^8$B solar neutrino flux of\u0000$(4.7_{-2.3}^{+3.6})times 10^6,mathrm{cm}^{-2}mathrm{s}^{-1}$ is consistent\u0000with results from dedicated solar neutrino experiments. The measured neutrino\u0000flux-weighted CE$nu$NS cross-section on Xe of\u0000$(1.1^{+0.8}_{-0.5})times10^{-39},mathrm{cm}^2$ is consistent with the\u0000Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear\u0000recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) combine the sensing part and the front-end electronics in the same silicon layer, making use of CMOS technology. Profiting from the progresses of this commercial process, MAPS have been undergoing significant advances over the last decade in terms of integration densities, radiation hardness and readout speed. The first application of MAPS in high energy physics has been the PXL detector, installed in 2014 as the vertexer of the STAR experiment at BNL. In the same years, ALICE Collaboration started the development of a new MAPS with improved performances, to assemble a new detector to replace the Inner Tracking System used during LHC Run 1 and 2. This effort lead to the ALPIDE sensor, today successfully equipped in a large variety of systems. Starting from 2019, profiting from the experience acquired during the design of the ALPIDE sensor, the ALICE Collaboration embarked on a new development phase, the ITS3 project. Here the goal is to design the first truly cylindrical detector based on wafer-size sensors in 65 nm CMOS node. This new detector is expected to take data during LHC Run 4. ALICE Collaboration submitted a proposal for a new experiment, to be installed in place of the present detector system before the LHC Run 5. Building on the experience on MAPS acquired in the recent years, the idea is to design a compact all silicon detector, that will give unprecedented insight into the quark-gluon plasma characterization.
{"title":"Applications of CMOS technology at the ALICE experiment","authors":"Domenico Colella","doi":"arxiv-2408.02448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02448","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) combine the sensing part and the\u0000front-end electronics in the same silicon layer, making use of CMOS technology.\u0000Profiting from the progresses of this commercial process, MAPS have been\u0000undergoing significant advances over the last decade in terms of integration\u0000densities, radiation hardness and readout speed. The first application of MAPS\u0000in high energy physics has been the PXL detector, installed in 2014 as the\u0000vertexer of the STAR experiment at BNL. In the same years, ALICE Collaboration\u0000started the development of a new MAPS with improved performances, to assemble a\u0000new detector to replace the Inner Tracking System used during LHC Run 1 and 2.\u0000This effort lead to the ALPIDE sensor, today successfully equipped in a large\u0000variety of systems. Starting from 2019, profiting from the experience acquired\u0000during the design of the ALPIDE sensor, the ALICE Collaboration embarked on a\u0000new development phase, the ITS3 project. Here the goal is to design the first\u0000truly cylindrical detector based on wafer-size sensors in 65 nm CMOS node. This\u0000new detector is expected to take data during LHC Run 4. ALICE Collaboration\u0000submitted a proposal for a new experiment, to be installed in place of the\u0000present detector system before the LHC Run 5. Building on the experience on\u0000MAPS acquired in the recent years, the idea is to design a compact all silicon\u0000detector, that will give unprecedented insight into the quark-gluon plasma\u0000characterization.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Séverin Nadji, Holger Wittel, Nikhil Mukund, James Lough, Christoph Affeldt, Fabio Bergamin, Marc Brinkmann, Volker Kringel, Harald Lück, Michael Weinert, Karsten Danzmann
Gravitational waves have revolutionised the field of astronomy by providing scientists with a new way to observe the universe and gain a better understanding of exotic objects like black holes. Several large-scale laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) have been constructed worldwide, with a focus on achieving the best sensitivity possible. However, in order for a detector to operate at its intended sensitivity, its optics must be free from imperfections such as thermal lensing effects. In the GEO,600 gravitational wave detector, the beam splitter (BS) experiences a significant thermal lensing effect due to the high power build-up in the Power Recycling Cavity (PRC) combined with a very small beam waist. This causes the fundamental mode to be converted into higher order modes (HOMs), subsequently impacting the detector's performance. To address this issue, the GEO,600 detector is equipped with a thermal compensation system (TCS) applied to the BS. This involves projecting a spatially tunable heating pattern through an optical system onto the beam splitter. The main objective of the TCS is to counteract the thermal lens at the BS and restore the detector to its ideal operating condition. This paper presents the new beam splitter TCS in GEO,600, its commissioning, and its effect on strain sensitivity. It also outlines the planned upgrade to further enhance the performance of the TCS.
{"title":"GEO600 beam splitter thermal compensation system: new design and commissioning","authors":"Séverin Nadji, Holger Wittel, Nikhil Mukund, James Lough, Christoph Affeldt, Fabio Bergamin, Marc Brinkmann, Volker Kringel, Harald Lück, Michael Weinert, Karsten Danzmann","doi":"arxiv-2408.02804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02804","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves have revolutionised the field of astronomy by providing\u0000scientists with a new way to observe the universe and gain a better\u0000understanding of exotic objects like black holes. Several large-scale laser\u0000interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) have been constructed\u0000worldwide, with a focus on achieving the best sensitivity possible. However, in\u0000order for a detector to operate at its intended sensitivity, its optics must be\u0000free from imperfections such as thermal lensing effects. In the GEO,600\u0000gravitational wave detector, the beam splitter (BS) experiences a significant\u0000thermal lensing effect due to the high power build-up in the Power Recycling\u0000Cavity (PRC) combined with a very small beam waist. This causes the fundamental\u0000mode to be converted into higher order modes (HOMs), subsequently impacting the\u0000detector's performance. To address this issue, the GEO,600 detector is\u0000equipped with a thermal compensation system (TCS) applied to the BS. This\u0000involves projecting a spatially tunable heating pattern through an optical\u0000system onto the beam splitter. The main objective of the TCS is to counteract\u0000the thermal lens at the BS and restore the detector to its ideal operating\u0000condition. This paper presents the new beam splitter TCS in GEO,600, its\u0000commissioning, and its effect on strain sensitivity. It also outlines the\u0000planned upgrade to further enhance the performance of the TCS.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Egge, D. Leppla-Weber, S. Knirck, B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, V. Dabhi, C. Diaconu, J. Diehl, G. Dvali, M. Ekmedžić, F. Gallo, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck, F. Hubaut, A. Ivanov, J. Jochum, P. Karst, M. Kramer, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, C. Lee, A. Lindner, J. P. A. Maldonado, B. Majorovits, S. Martens, A. Martini, A. Miyazaki, E. Öz, P. Pralavorio, G. Raffelt, A. Ringwald, J. Redondo, S. Roset, N. Salama, J. Schaffran, A. Schmidt, F. Steffen, C. Strandhagen, I. Usherov, H. Wang, G. Wieching, G. Cancelo, M. Di Federico, G. Hoshino, L. Stefanazzi
We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from ${78.62}$ to $83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter with a local density of $rho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ we exclude a dark photon to photon mixing parameter $chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$ over the full mass range and $chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a 95% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $chi$ in this mass range by up to almost three orders of magnitude.
我们报告了在{78.62}$到83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ 的质量范围内，利用MADMAX（Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment）的介质半透明原型进行暗光子暗物质搜索的第一个结果。暗光子将在由三个蓝宝石盘和一面镜子组成的堆栈中转换成可观测的光子。该系统的发射功率由天线接收，并通过低噪声接收器连续数字化。没有观测到暗光子信号。假设非极化暗光子暗物质的局部密度为$rrho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$，我们排除了在全质量范围内暗光子与光子的混合参数为$chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$，以及在质量为$80.57~mathrm{mueV}/c^2$时为$chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$，置信度为95%。这是来自MADMAX原型的第一个物理学结果，并且在这个质量范围内超过了以前对$chi$的约束，几乎达到了三个数量级。
{"title":"First search for dark photon dark matter with a MADMAX prototype","authors":"J. Egge, D. Leppla-Weber, S. Knirck, B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, V. Dabhi, C. Diaconu, J. Diehl, G. Dvali, M. Ekmedžić, F. Gallo, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck, F. Hubaut, A. Ivanov, J. Jochum, P. Karst, M. Kramer, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, C. Lee, A. Lindner, J. P. A. Maldonado, B. Majorovits, S. Martens, A. Martini, A. Miyazaki, E. Öz, P. Pralavorio, G. Raffelt, A. Ringwald, J. Redondo, S. Roset, N. Salama, J. Schaffran, A. Schmidt, F. Steffen, C. Strandhagen, I. Usherov, H. Wang, G. Wieching, G. Cancelo, M. Di Federico, G. Hoshino, L. Stefanazzi","doi":"arxiv-2408.02368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02368","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass\u0000range from ${78.62}$ to $83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope\u0000prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative\u0000dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of\u0000three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received\u0000by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark\u0000photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter\u0000with a local density of $rho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ we exclude a dark\u0000photon to photon mixing parameter $chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$ over the full\u0000mass range and $chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57~mathrm{mu\u0000eV}/c^2$ with a 95% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a\u0000MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $chi$ in this mass range\u0000by up to almost three orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anton Makarov, Katerina Kozlova, Denis Brazhnikov, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Andrey Goncharov
We study a resonant interaction of an elliptically polarized light wave with $^{87}$Rb vapor (D$_1$ line) exposed to a transverse magnetic field. A $5$$times$$5$$times$$5$~mm$^3$ glass vapor cell is used for the experiments. The wave intensity is modulated at the frequency $Omega_m$. By scanning $Omega_m$ near the Larmor frequency $Omega_L$, a magnetic resonance (MR) can be observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the wave polarization. This method for observing MR allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio compared to a classical Bell-Bloom scheme using a circularly polarized wave. The sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is estimated to be $approx,$$130$~fT/$surd$Hz in a $2$~kHz bandwidth, confidently competing with widely used Faraday-rotation Bell-Bloom schemes. The results can be used to develop a miniature all-optical magnetic field sensor for medicine and geophysics.
{"title":"All-optical atomic magnetometry using an elliptically polarized amplitude-modulated light wave","authors":"Anton Makarov, Katerina Kozlova, Denis Brazhnikov, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Andrey Goncharov","doi":"arxiv-2408.01968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01968","url":null,"abstract":"We study a resonant interaction of an elliptically polarized light wave with\u0000$^{87}$Rb vapor (D$_1$ line) exposed to a transverse magnetic field. A\u0000$5$$times$$5$$times$$5$~mm$^3$ glass vapor cell is used for the experiments.\u0000The wave intensity is modulated at the frequency $Omega_m$. By scanning\u0000$Omega_m$ near the Larmor frequency $Omega_L$, a magnetic resonance (MR) can\u0000be observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the wave polarization.\u0000This method for observing MR allows to significantly improve the\u0000signal-to-noise ratio compared to a classical Bell-Bloom scheme using a\u0000circularly polarized wave. The sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is\u0000estimated to be $approx,$$130$~fT/$surd$Hz in a $2$~kHz bandwidth,\u0000confidently competing with widely used Faraday-rotation Bell-Bloom schemes. The\u0000results can be used to develop a miniature all-optical magnetic field sensor\u0000for medicine and geophysics.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyang Qi, Kaixuan Ni, Haiwen Xu, Yue Ma, Yuechen Liu
Dual phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) detect both the scintillation photons and ionization electrons created by energy depositions within the liquid xenon (LXe) volume. The electrons are extracted from the interaction site through a gas gap, where they meet a high electric field where proportional scintillation occurs. This converts the electron signal into a light signal, and yields a high electron detection efficiency with a gain of tens of photoelectrons (PE) per electron. This technique of detecting both scintillation and ionization gives dual phase xenon TPCs the capability to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils, which is a key part of how these detectors are able to reach world-leading limits on Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, not all electrons can be extracted through the liquid-gas interface, and a constant millimeter-scale gas gap needs to be maintained, which may be a technological challenge if dual-phase xenon TPCs are to be scaled up for future dark matter searches. Furthermore, there is a background of single-electron peaks that follow a large ionization signal (S2) of unclear origin which may be due in part to the liquid-gas interface, and limits the sensitivity of these detectors towards low mass dark matter. In this paper, we demonstrate that a purely single-phase liquid xenon TPC which produces proportional scintillation directly in the liquid is still capable of discriminating between electronic and nuclear recoils, but that the background of single-electrons following an S2 is still likely unrelated to the liquid-gas interface.
{"title":"Feasibility of Liquid-phase Xenon Proportional Scintillation for Low-energy Physics","authors":"Jianyang Qi, Kaixuan Ni, Haiwen Xu, Yue Ma, Yuechen Liu","doi":"arxiv-2408.01646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01646","url":null,"abstract":"Dual phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) detect both the\u0000scintillation photons and ionization electrons created by energy depositions\u0000within the liquid xenon (LXe) volume. The electrons are extracted from the\u0000interaction site through a gas gap, where they meet a high electric field where\u0000proportional scintillation occurs. This converts the electron signal into a\u0000light signal, and yields a high electron detection efficiency with a gain of\u0000tens of photoelectrons (PE) per electron. This technique of detecting both\u0000scintillation and ionization gives dual phase xenon TPCs the capability to\u0000distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils, which is a key part of how\u0000these detectors are able to reach world-leading limits on Weakly Interacting\u0000Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, not all electrons can be\u0000extracted through the liquid-gas interface, and a constant millimeter-scale gas\u0000gap needs to be maintained, which may be a technological challenge if\u0000dual-phase xenon TPCs are to be scaled up for future dark matter searches.\u0000Furthermore, there is a background of single-electron peaks that follow a large\u0000ionization signal (S2) of unclear origin which may be due in part to the\u0000liquid-gas interface, and limits the sensitivity of these detectors towards low\u0000mass dark matter. In this paper, we demonstrate that a purely single-phase\u0000liquid xenon TPC which produces proportional scintillation directly in the\u0000liquid is still capable of discriminating between electronic and nuclear\u0000recoils, but that the background of single-electrons following an S2 is still\u0000likely unrelated to the liquid-gas interface.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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