Vojtech Vanecek, Juraj Paterek, Robert Kral, Romana Kucerkova, Vladimir Babin, Jan Rohlicek, Roberto Cala, Nicolaus Kratochwil, Etiennette Auffray, Martin Nikl
After the discovery of a cross-luminescence (CL) in BaF2 in 1982, a large number of CL scintillators were investigated. However, no CL scintillator superior to BaF2 has been discovered, and the research of CL scintillators has subsided. Recent technological development in medical imaging and high-energy physics created a new demand for ultra-fast scintillators further supported by the development of UV-sensitive semiconductor photodetectors. As a consequence, renewed interest in CL scintillators appeared. To satisfy the requirements of fast timing applications high photo-detection efficiency, e. i. a good spectral match between the scintillator and photodetector must be achieved. Cesium-based ternary chlorides could provide a red-shift (~1.5 eV) of CL towards the sensitive region of the photodetector (PMT or SiPM) while keeping light output and timing characteristics comparable to BaF2.
{"title":"Ultraviolet cross-luminescence in ternary chlorides of alkali and alkaline-earth metals","authors":"Vojtech Vanecek, Juraj Paterek, Robert Kral, Romana Kucerkova, Vladimir Babin, Jan Rohlicek, Roberto Cala, Nicolaus Kratochwil, Etiennette Auffray, Martin Nikl","doi":"arxiv-2409.10823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10823","url":null,"abstract":"After the discovery of a cross-luminescence (CL) in BaF2 in 1982, a large\u0000number of CL scintillators were investigated. However, no CL scintillator\u0000superior to BaF2 has been discovered, and the research of CL scintillators has\u0000subsided. Recent technological development in medical imaging and high-energy\u0000physics created a new demand for ultra-fast scintillators further supported by\u0000the development of UV-sensitive semiconductor photodetectors. As a consequence,\u0000renewed interest in CL scintillators appeared. To satisfy the requirements of\u0000fast timing applications high photo-detection efficiency, e. i. a good spectral\u0000match between the scintillator and photodetector must be achieved. Cesium-based\u0000ternary chlorides could provide a red-shift (~1.5 eV) of CL towards the\u0000sensitive region of the photodetector (PMT or SiPM) while keeping light output\u0000and timing characteristics comparable to BaF2.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Hoffmann, Sophie de Preville, Bruno Eckmann, Hung-Ju Lin, Benedikt Herzog, Kamel Haddadi, Didier Theron, Georg Gramse, Damien Richert, Jose Moran-Meza, Francois Piquemal
In this paper, a definition of the gain and added noise of impedance matching networks for scanning microwave microscopy is given. This definition can be used to compare different impedance matching techniques independently of the instrument used to measure the S-parameter. As a demonstration, impedance matching devices consisting of a Beatty line, a tuner, and interferometric setups with and without amplifiers have been investigated. Measurement frequencies up to 28 GHz are used, and the maximal resulting gain found was 9504.7 per Siemens.
本文给出了用于扫描微波显微镜的阻抗匹配网络的增益和附加噪声的定义。该定义可用于比较不同的阻抗匹配技术，而与用于测量 S 参数的仪器无关。作为演示，我们研究了由比特线、调谐器和带或不带放大器的干涉测量装置组成的阻抗匹配设备。测量频率高达 28 千兆赫，结果发现最大增益为每西门子 9504.7。
{"title":"Comparison of Impedance Matching Networks for Scanning Microwave Microscopy","authors":"Johannes Hoffmann, Sophie de Preville, Bruno Eckmann, Hung-Ju Lin, Benedikt Herzog, Kamel Haddadi, Didier Theron, Georg Gramse, Damien Richert, Jose Moran-Meza, Francois Piquemal","doi":"arxiv-2409.11207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.11207","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a definition of the gain and added noise of impedance matching\u0000networks for scanning microwave microscopy is given. This definition can be\u0000used to compare different impedance matching techniques independently of the\u0000instrument used to measure the S-parameter. As a demonstration, impedance\u0000matching devices consisting of a Beatty line, a tuner, and interferometric\u0000setups with and without amplifiers have been investigated. Measurement\u0000frequencies up to 28 GHz are used, and the maximal resulting gain found was\u00009504.7 per Siemens.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is preparing for an upgrade after 2027-2028 to handle higher luminosity and increased background rates. A Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) has been identified as a potential candidate for a common front-end upgrade for subsystems requiring high-speed waveform digitization. The RFSoC's ADC and DAC channels were tested across various magnetic field strengths and a few different field orientations. Power consumption and boot memory functionality were also assessed. Results indicate stable operation with negligible performance degradation, suggesting the RFSoC's viability for high-speed digitization tasks in high magnetic field environments.
超级 KEKB 对撞机上的 Belle II 实验正准备在 2027-2028 年之后进行升级，以处理更高的光度和更高的背景率。射频片上系统（RFSoC）已被确定为需要高速波形数字化的子系统通用前端升级的潜在候选者。RFSoC 的 ADC 和 DAC 通道在各种磁场强度和几个不同的磁场方向上进行了测试。此外，还对功耗和启动存储器功能进行了评估。结果表明，RFSoC 运行稳定，性能下降可以忽略不计，这表明它可以胜任高磁场环境下的高速数字化任务。
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of an RFSoC Operating in a 1.25 Tesla Magnetic Field","authors":"L. Ruckman, A. Dragone, R. Herbst","doi":"arxiv-2409.10795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10795","url":null,"abstract":"The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is preparing for an upgrade\u0000after 2027-2028 to handle higher luminosity and increased background rates. A\u0000Radio Frequency System-on-Chip (RFSoC) has been identified as a potential\u0000candidate for a common front-end upgrade for subsystems requiring high-speed\u0000waveform digitization. The RFSoC's ADC and DAC channels were tested across\u0000various magnetic field strengths and a few different field orientations. Power\u0000consumption and boot memory functionality were also assessed. Results indicate\u0000stable operation with negligible performance degradation, suggesting the\u0000RFSoC's viability for high-speed digitization tasks in high magnetic field\u0000environments.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vojtech Vanecek, Katerina Decka, Eva Mihokova, Vaclav Cuba, Robert Kral, Martin Nikl
Halide scintillators play a crucial role in the detection of ionizing radiation since the discovery of scintillation in NaI:Tl in 1948. The discovery of NaI:Tl motivated the research and development (R&D) of halide scintillators resulting in the development of CsI:Tl, CsI:Na, CaF2:Eu, etc. Later, the R&D shifted toward oxide materials due to their high mechanical and chemical stability, good scintillation properties, and relative ease of bulk single crystal growth. However, the development in crystal growth technology allowed for the growth of high-quality single crystals of hygroscopic and mechanically fragile materials including SrI2 and LaBr3. Scintillators based on these materials exhibit excellent performance and push the limits of inorganic scintillators. These results motivated intense research of a large variety of halide-based scintillators. Moreover, materials based on lead halide perovskites found application in the fields of photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, and lasers. The first studies show also the significant potential of lead halide perovskites as ultrafast scintillators in the form of NCs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the R&D in the field of halide scintillators during the last decade and to highlight perspectives for future development.
{"title":"Advanced Halide Scintillators: From the Bulk to Nano","authors":"Vojtech Vanecek, Katerina Decka, Eva Mihokova, Vaclav Cuba, Robert Kral, Martin Nikl","doi":"arxiv-2409.10814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10814","url":null,"abstract":"Halide scintillators play a crucial role in the detection of ionizing\u0000radiation since the discovery of scintillation in NaI:Tl in 1948. The discovery\u0000of NaI:Tl motivated the research and development (R&D) of halide scintillators\u0000resulting in the development of CsI:Tl, CsI:Na, CaF2:Eu, etc. Later, the R&D\u0000shifted toward oxide materials due to their high mechanical and chemical\u0000stability, good scintillation properties, and relative ease of bulk single\u0000crystal growth. However, the development in crystal growth technology allowed\u0000for the growth of high-quality single crystals of hygroscopic and mechanically\u0000fragile materials including SrI2 and LaBr3. Scintillators based on these\u0000materials exhibit excellent performance and push the limits of inorganic\u0000scintillators. These results motivated intense research of a large variety of\u0000halide-based scintillators. Moreover, materials based on lead halide\u0000perovskites found application in the fields of photovoltaics, solid-state\u0000lighting, and lasers. The first studies show also the significant potential of\u0000lead halide perovskites as ultrafast scintillators in the form of NCs. The\u0000purpose of this review is to summarize the R&D in the field of halide\u0000scintillators during the last decade and to highlight perspectives for future\u0000development.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The charged particles are tracked in the high energy physics detectors to provide the information of their properties. One of the tracking detector is straw tube detector that has been used by many experiments. The aim of this paper is to study the different properties of particles using different gas composition. The gas mixture that shows maximum transition radiation among xenon gas mixtures was found to be $XeHeCH_{4}$ :: 30:55:15. The gas mixture that has shown maximum primary ionization has been $XeCO_{2}O_{2}$ :: 70:27:3. The simulated detector has been also used for the identification of different particles.
{"title":"Numerical Studies of Straw Tube Detectors","authors":"R. Kanishka","doi":"arxiv-2409.10879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10879","url":null,"abstract":"The charged particles are tracked in the high energy physics detectors to\u0000provide the information of their properties. One of the tracking detector is\u0000straw tube detector that has been used by many experiments. The aim of this\u0000paper is to study the different properties of particles using different gas\u0000composition. The gas mixture that shows maximum transition radiation among\u0000xenon gas mixtures was found to be $XeHeCH_{4}$ :: 30:55:15. The gas mixture\u0000that has shown maximum primary ionization has been $XeCO_{2}O_{2}$ :: 70:27:3.\u0000The simulated detector has been also used for the identification of different\u0000particles.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"189 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The LHC Run 5 and 6 data taking phases will bring unprecedented luminosity in high-energy proton-proton and in heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE Collaboration proposes a next-generation experiment, ALICE 3, specifically designed to operate with the future LHC. ALICE 3 will feature a large pixel-based tracking system covering eight units of pseudorapidity, complemented by advanced particle identification systems. These include silicon time-of-flight layers, a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, a muon identification system, and an electromagnetic calorimeter. By placing the vertex detector on a retractable plate inside the beam pipe, a track pointing resolution better than 10 microns can be achieved for the transverse momentum range $p_T$>200 MeV/c. ALICE 3 will be capable of innovative measurements of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and explore new frontiers in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The detailed study of thermal and dynamical properties of QGP will be made possible by measuring low-$p_T$ heavy-flavour production, including beauty hadrons, multi-charm baryons, and charm-charm correlations. Precise multi-differential measurements of dielectron emission will allow for the exploration of chiral-symmetry restoration and the time-evolution of QGP temperature. In addition to QGP studies, ALICE 3 will make unique contributions to the physics of the hadronic phase, through femtoscopic studies of charm meson interaction potentials and searches for nuclei containing charm. This contribution covers the detector design, expected physics performance, and the current status of detector research and development.
{"title":"The ALICE 3 detector concept for LHC Runs 5 and 6 and its physics performance","authors":"Robert Vertesifor the ALICE Collaboration","doi":"arxiv-2409.12148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.12148","url":null,"abstract":"The LHC Run 5 and 6 data taking phases will bring unprecedented luminosity in\u0000high-energy proton-proton and in heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE Collaboration\u0000proposes a next-generation experiment, ALICE 3, specifically designed to\u0000operate with the future LHC. ALICE 3 will feature a large pixel-based tracking\u0000system covering eight units of pseudorapidity, complemented by advanced\u0000particle identification systems. These include silicon time-of-flight layers, a\u0000ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, a muon identification system, and an\u0000electromagnetic calorimeter. By placing the vertex detector on a retractable\u0000plate inside the beam pipe, a track pointing resolution better than 10 microns\u0000can be achieved for the transverse momentum range $p_T$>200 MeV/c. ALICE 3 will\u0000be capable of innovative measurements of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and\u0000explore new frontiers in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The detailed study of\u0000thermal and dynamical properties of QGP will be made possible by measuring\u0000low-$p_T$ heavy-flavour production, including beauty hadrons, multi-charm\u0000baryons, and charm-charm correlations. Precise multi-differential measurements\u0000of dielectron emission will allow for the exploration of chiral-symmetry\u0000restoration and the time-evolution of QGP temperature. In addition to QGP\u0000studies, ALICE 3 will make unique contributions to the physics of the hadronic\u0000phase, through femtoscopic studies of charm meson interaction potentials and\u0000searches for nuclei containing charm. This contribution covers the detector\u0000design, expected physics performance, and the current status of detector\u0000research and development.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Eberle, Matteo Guardiani, Margret Westerkamp, Philipp Frank, Julian Rüstig, Julia Stadler, Torsten A. Enßlin
Many advances in astronomy and astrophysics originate from accurate images of the sky emission across multiple wavelengths. This often requires reconstructing spatially and spectrally correlated signals detected from multiple instruments. To facilitate the high-fidelity imaging of these signals, we introduce the universal Bayesian imaging kit (UBIK). Specifically, we present J-UBIK, a flexible and modular implementation leveraging the JAX-accelerated NIFTy.re software as its backend. J-UBIK streamlines the implementation of the key Bayesian inference components, providing for all the necessary steps of Bayesian imaging pipelines. First, it provides adaptable prior models for different sky realizations. Second, it includes likelihood models tailored to specific instruments. So far, the package includes three instruments: Chandra and eROSITA for X-ray observations, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for the near- and mid-infrared. The aim is to expand this set in the future. Third, these models can be integrated with various inference and optimization schemes, such as maximum a posteriori estimation and variational inference. Explicit demos show how to integrate the individual modules into a full analysis pipeline. Overall, J-UBIK enables efficient generation of high-fidelity images via Bayesian pipelines that can be tailored to specific research objectives.
{"title":"J-UBIK: The JAX-accelerated Universal Bayesian Imaging Kit","authors":"Vincent Eberle, Matteo Guardiani, Margret Westerkamp, Philipp Frank, Julian Rüstig, Julia Stadler, Torsten A. Enßlin","doi":"arxiv-2409.10381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10381","url":null,"abstract":"Many advances in astronomy and astrophysics originate from accurate images of\u0000the sky emission across multiple wavelengths. This often requires\u0000reconstructing spatially and spectrally correlated signals detected from\u0000multiple instruments. To facilitate the high-fidelity imaging of these signals,\u0000we introduce the universal Bayesian imaging kit (UBIK). Specifically, we\u0000present J-UBIK, a flexible and modular implementation leveraging the\u0000JAX-accelerated NIFTy.re software as its backend. J-UBIK streamlines the\u0000implementation of the key Bayesian inference components, providing for all the\u0000necessary steps of Bayesian imaging pipelines. First, it provides adaptable\u0000prior models for different sky realizations. Second, it includes likelihood\u0000models tailored to specific instruments. So far, the package includes three\u0000instruments: Chandra and eROSITA for X-ray observations, and the James Webb\u0000Space Telescope (JWST) for the near- and mid-infrared. The aim is to expand\u0000this set in the future. Third, these models can be integrated with various\u0000inference and optimization schemes, such as maximum a posteriori estimation and\u0000variational inference. Explicit demos show how to integrate the individual\u0000modules into a full analysis pipeline. Overall, J-UBIK enables efficient\u0000generation of high-fidelity images via Bayesian pipelines that can be tailored\u0000to specific research objectives.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluate the impact of inference model on uncertainties when using continuous wave Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) measurements to infer temperature. Our approach leverages a probabilistic feedforward inference model designed to maximize the likelihood of observed ODMR spectra through automatic differentiation. This model effectively utilizes the temperature dependence of spin Hamiltonian parameters to infer temperature from spectral features in the ODMR data. We achieve prediction uncertainty of $pm$ 1 K across a temperature range of 243 K to 323 K. To benchmark our probabilistic model, we compare it with a non-parametric peak-finding technique and data-driven methodologies such as Principal Component Regression (PCR) and a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We find that when validated against out-of-sample dataset that encompasses the same temperature range as the training dataset, data driven methods can show uncertainties that are as much as 0.67 K lower without incorporating expert-level understanding of the spectroscopic-temperature relationship. However, our results show that the probabilistic model outperforms both PCR and CNN when tasked with extrapolating beyond the temperature range used in training set, indicating robustness and generalizability. In contrast, data-driven methods like PCR and CNN demonstrate up to ten times worse uncertainties when tasked with extrapolating outside their training data range.
{"title":"Evaluating probabilistic and data-driven inference models for fiber-coupled NV-diamond temperature sensors","authors":"Shraddha Rajpal, Zeeshan Ahmed, Tyrus Berry","doi":"arxiv-2409.09487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09487","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the impact of inference model on uncertainties when using\u0000continuous wave Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) measurements to\u0000infer temperature. Our approach leverages a probabilistic feedforward inference\u0000model designed to maximize the likelihood of observed ODMR spectra through\u0000automatic differentiation. This model effectively utilizes the temperature\u0000dependence of spin Hamiltonian parameters to infer temperature from spectral\u0000features in the ODMR data. We achieve prediction uncertainty of $pm$ 1 K\u0000across a temperature range of 243 K to 323 K. To benchmark our probabilistic\u0000model, we compare it with a non-parametric peak-finding technique and\u0000data-driven methodologies such as Principal Component Regression (PCR) and a 1D\u0000Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We find that when validated against\u0000out-of-sample dataset that encompasses the same temperature range as the\u0000training dataset, data driven methods can show uncertainties that are as much\u0000as 0.67 K lower without incorporating expert-level understanding of the\u0000spectroscopic-temperature relationship. However, our results show that the\u0000probabilistic model outperforms both PCR and CNN when tasked with extrapolating\u0000beyond the temperature range used in training set, indicating robustness and\u0000generalizability. In contrast, data-driven methods like PCR and CNN demonstrate\u0000up to ten times worse uncertainties when tasked with extrapolating outside\u0000their training data range.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiamin Sun, Shibo Shu, Ye Chai, Lin Zhu, Lingmei Zhang, Yongping Li, Zhouhui Liu, Zhengwei Li, Yu Xu, Daikang Yan, Weijie Guo, Yiwen Wang, Congzhan Liu
Fabrication of dielectrics at low temperature is required for temperature-sensitive detectors. For superconducting detectors, such as transition edge sensors and kinetic inductance detectors, AlMn is widely studied due to its variable superconducting transition temperature at different baking temperatures. Experimentally only the highest baking temperature determines AlMn transition temperature, so we need to control the wafer temperature during the whole process. In general, the highest process temperature happens during dielectric fabrication. Here, we present the cryogenic microwave performance of Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$, SiN$_{x}$ and $alpha$-Si using ICPCVD at low temperature of 75 $^{circ}$C. The dielectric constant, internal quality factor and TLS properties are studied using Al parallel plate resonators.
{"title":"Cryogenic microwave performance of silicon nitride and amorphous silicon deposited using low-temperature ICPCVD","authors":"Jiamin Sun, Shibo Shu, Ye Chai, Lin Zhu, Lingmei Zhang, Yongping Li, Zhouhui Liu, Zhengwei Li, Yu Xu, Daikang Yan, Weijie Guo, Yiwen Wang, Congzhan Liu","doi":"arxiv-2409.09301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.09301","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of dielectrics at low temperature is required for\u0000temperature-sensitive detectors. For superconducting detectors, such as\u0000transition edge sensors and kinetic inductance detectors, AlMn is widely\u0000studied due to its variable superconducting transition temperature at different\u0000baking temperatures. Experimentally only the highest baking temperature\u0000determines AlMn transition temperature, so we need to control the wafer\u0000temperature during the whole process. In general, the highest process\u0000temperature happens during dielectric fabrication. Here, we present the\u0000cryogenic microwave performance of Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$, SiN$_{x}$ and $alpha$-Si\u0000using ICPCVD at low temperature of 75 $^{circ}$C. The dielectric constant,\u0000internal quality factor and TLS properties are studied using Al parallel plate\u0000resonators.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Mitchell, Johannes Lehmann, Philip Koch, Samuel Cooper, Jesse van Dongen, Leonid Prokhorov, Nathan Holland, Michele Valentini, Conor Mow-Lowry
Homodyne Quadrature Interferometers (HoQIs) are compact, low noise and high dynamic range displacement sensors designed for use in gravitational wave observatories. Their lower noise compared to the displacement sensors used at present makes them valuable for improving the seismic isolation in current and future detectors. This paper outlines the progression of this sensor from initial production and benchtop tests to in-vacuum static performance and installation in a gravitational wave detector prototype facility. A detailed design description is outlined, including the full signal and optical chain required for implementation in detectors. The measured in-vacuum static performance indicates a noise floor of $3-4times10^{-13}m/sqrt{rm{Hz}}$ at 10Hz. Three HoQIs were installed on the beamsplitter suspension at the AEI 10m prototype. They measured motion of the intermediate mass across the entire bandwidth measured and showed minimal non-linearities and a good robustness to motion in unmeasured degrees of freedom, both important for practical use in dynamic systems such as seismic isolation.
{"title":"Integration of high-performance compact interferometric sensors in a suspended interferometer","authors":"Alexandra Mitchell, Johannes Lehmann, Philip Koch, Samuel Cooper, Jesse van Dongen, Leonid Prokhorov, Nathan Holland, Michele Valentini, Conor Mow-Lowry","doi":"arxiv-2409.08843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08843","url":null,"abstract":"Homodyne Quadrature Interferometers (HoQIs) are compact, low noise and high\u0000dynamic range displacement sensors designed for use in gravitational wave\u0000observatories. Their lower noise compared to the displacement sensors used at\u0000present makes them valuable for improving the seismic isolation in current and\u0000future detectors. This paper outlines the progression of this sensor from\u0000initial production and benchtop tests to in-vacuum static performance and\u0000installation in a gravitational wave detector prototype facility. A detailed\u0000design description is outlined, including the full signal and optical chain\u0000required for implementation in detectors. The measured in-vacuum static\u0000performance indicates a noise floor of $3-4times10^{-13}m/sqrt{rm{Hz}}$ at\u000010Hz. Three HoQIs were installed on the beamsplitter suspension at the AEI 10m\u0000prototype. They measured motion of the intermediate mass across the entire\u0000bandwidth measured and showed minimal non-linearities and a good robustness to\u0000motion in unmeasured degrees of freedom, both important for practical use in\u0000dynamic systems such as seismic isolation.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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