Séverin Nadji, Holger Wittel, Nikhil Mukund, James Lough, Christoph Affeldt, Fabio Bergamin, Marc Brinkmann, Volker Kringel, Harald Lück, Michael Weinert, Karsten Danzmann
Gravitational waves have revolutionised the field of astronomy by providing scientists with a new way to observe the universe and gain a better understanding of exotic objects like black holes. Several large-scale laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) have been constructed worldwide, with a focus on achieving the best sensitivity possible. However, in order for a detector to operate at its intended sensitivity, its optics must be free from imperfections such as thermal lensing effects. In the GEO,600 gravitational wave detector, the beam splitter (BS) experiences a significant thermal lensing effect due to the high power build-up in the Power Recycling Cavity (PRC) combined with a very small beam waist. This causes the fundamental mode to be converted into higher order modes (HOMs), subsequently impacting the detector's performance. To address this issue, the GEO,600 detector is equipped with a thermal compensation system (TCS) applied to the BS. This involves projecting a spatially tunable heating pattern through an optical system onto the beam splitter. The main objective of the TCS is to counteract the thermal lens at the BS and restore the detector to its ideal operating condition. This paper presents the new beam splitter TCS in GEO,600, its commissioning, and its effect on strain sensitivity. It also outlines the planned upgrade to further enhance the performance of the TCS.
{"title":"GEO600 beam splitter thermal compensation system: new design and commissioning","authors":"Séverin Nadji, Holger Wittel, Nikhil Mukund, James Lough, Christoph Affeldt, Fabio Bergamin, Marc Brinkmann, Volker Kringel, Harald Lück, Michael Weinert, Karsten Danzmann","doi":"arxiv-2408.02804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02804","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves have revolutionised the field of astronomy by providing\u0000scientists with a new way to observe the universe and gain a better\u0000understanding of exotic objects like black holes. Several large-scale laser\u0000interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWDs) have been constructed\u0000worldwide, with a focus on achieving the best sensitivity possible. However, in\u0000order for a detector to operate at its intended sensitivity, its optics must be\u0000free from imperfections such as thermal lensing effects. In the GEO,600\u0000gravitational wave detector, the beam splitter (BS) experiences a significant\u0000thermal lensing effect due to the high power build-up in the Power Recycling\u0000Cavity (PRC) combined with a very small beam waist. This causes the fundamental\u0000mode to be converted into higher order modes (HOMs), subsequently impacting the\u0000detector's performance. To address this issue, the GEO,600 detector is\u0000equipped with a thermal compensation system (TCS) applied to the BS. This\u0000involves projecting a spatially tunable heating pattern through an optical\u0000system onto the beam splitter. The main objective of the TCS is to counteract\u0000the thermal lens at the BS and restore the detector to its ideal operating\u0000condition. This paper presents the new beam splitter TCS in GEO,600, its\u0000commissioning, and its effect on strain sensitivity. It also outlines the\u0000planned upgrade to further enhance the performance of the TCS.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Egge, D. Leppla-Weber, S. Knirck, B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, V. Dabhi, C. Diaconu, J. Diehl, G. Dvali, M. Ekmedžić, F. Gallo, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck, F. Hubaut, A. Ivanov, J. Jochum, P. Karst, M. Kramer, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, C. Lee, A. Lindner, J. P. A. Maldonado, B. Majorovits, S. Martens, A. Martini, A. Miyazaki, E. Öz, P. Pralavorio, G. Raffelt, A. Ringwald, J. Redondo, S. Roset, N. Salama, J. Schaffran, A. Schmidt, F. Steffen, C. Strandhagen, I. Usherov, H. Wang, G. Wieching, G. Cancelo, M. Di Federico, G. Hoshino, L. Stefanazzi
We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from ${78.62}$ to $83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter with a local density of $rho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ we exclude a dark photon to photon mixing parameter $chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$ over the full mass range and $chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a 95% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $chi$ in this mass range by up to almost three orders of magnitude.
我们报告了在{78.62}$到83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ 的质量范围内，利用MADMAX（Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment）的介质半透明原型进行暗光子暗物质搜索的第一个结果。暗光子将在由三个蓝宝石盘和一面镜子组成的堆栈中转换成可观测的光子。该系统的发射功率由天线接收，并通过低噪声接收器连续数字化。没有观测到暗光子信号。假设非极化暗光子暗物质的局部密度为$rrho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$，我们排除了在全质量范围内暗光子与光子的混合参数为$chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$，以及在质量为$80.57~mathrm{mueV}/c^2$时为$chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$，置信度为95%。这是来自MADMAX原型的第一个物理学结果，并且在这个质量范围内超过了以前对$chi$的约束，几乎达到了三个数量级。
{"title":"First search for dark photon dark matter with a MADMAX prototype","authors":"J. Egge, D. Leppla-Weber, S. Knirck, B. Ary dos Santos Garcia, D. Bergermann, A. Caldwell, V. Dabhi, C. Diaconu, J. Diehl, G. Dvali, M. Ekmedžić, F. Gallo, E. Garutti, S. Heyminck, F. Hubaut, A. Ivanov, J. Jochum, P. Karst, M. Kramer, D. Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo, C. Krieger, C. Lee, A. Lindner, J. P. A. Maldonado, B. Majorovits, S. Martens, A. Martini, A. Miyazaki, E. Öz, P. Pralavorio, G. Raffelt, A. Ringwald, J. Redondo, S. Roset, N. Salama, J. Schaffran, A. Schmidt, F. Steffen, C. Strandhagen, I. Usherov, H. Wang, G. Wieching, G. Cancelo, M. Di Federico, G. Hoshino, L. Stefanazzi","doi":"arxiv-2408.02368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02368","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass\u0000range from ${78.62}$ to $83.95~mathrm{mu eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope\u0000prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative\u0000dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of\u0000three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received\u0000by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark\u0000photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter\u0000with a local density of $rho_{chi}=0.3~mathrm{GeV/cm^3}$ we exclude a dark\u0000photon to photon mixing parameter $chi > 3.0 times 10^{-12}$ over the full\u0000mass range and $chi > 1.2 times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57~mathrm{mu\u0000eV}/c^2$ with a 95% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a\u0000MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $chi$ in this mass range\u0000by up to almost three orders of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sam McKay, Stephen J. Kuhn, Jiazhou Shen, Fankang Li, Jak Doskow, Gerard Visser, Steven R. Parnell, Kaleb Burrage, Fumiaki Funama, Roger Pynn
We present a resonant-mode, transverse-field, radio-frequency (rf) neutron spin flipper design that uses high-temperature superconducting films to ensure sharp transitions between uniform magnetic field regions. Resonant mode allows for low power, high frequency operation but requires strict homogeneity of the magnetic fields inside the device. This design was found to efficiently flip neutrons at 96.6$pm 0.6%$ at an effective frequency of 4 MHz with a beam size of $2.5~times~2.5$~cm and a wavelength of 0.4 nm. The high frequency and efficiency enable this device to perform high-resolution neutron spectroscopy with comparable performance to currently implemented rf flipper designs. The limitation of the maximum frequency was found due to the field homogeneity of the device. We numerically analyze the maximum possible efficiency of this design using a Bloch solver simulation with magnetic fields generated from finite-element simulations. We also discuss future improvements of the efficiency and frequency to the design based on the experimental and simulation results.
{"title":"A High-frequency, Low-power Resonant Radio-frequency Neutron Spin Flipper for High-resolution Spectroscopy","authors":"Sam McKay, Stephen J. Kuhn, Jiazhou Shen, Fankang Li, Jak Doskow, Gerard Visser, Steven R. Parnell, Kaleb Burrage, Fumiaki Funama, Roger Pynn","doi":"arxiv-2408.02438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.02438","url":null,"abstract":"We present a resonant-mode, transverse-field, radio-frequency (rf) neutron\u0000spin flipper design that uses high-temperature superconducting films to ensure\u0000sharp transitions between uniform magnetic field regions. Resonant mode allows\u0000for low power, high frequency operation but requires strict homogeneity of the\u0000magnetic fields inside the device. This design was found to efficiently flip\u0000neutrons at 96.6$pm 0.6%$ at an effective frequency of 4 MHz with a beam size\u0000of $2.5~times~2.5$~cm and a wavelength of 0.4 nm. The high frequency and\u0000efficiency enable this device to perform high-resolution neutron spectroscopy\u0000with comparable performance to currently implemented rf flipper designs. The\u0000limitation of the maximum frequency was found due to the field homogeneity of\u0000the device. We numerically analyze the maximum possible efficiency of this\u0000design using a Bloch solver simulation with magnetic fields generated from\u0000finite-element simulations. We also discuss future improvements of the\u0000efficiency and frequency to the design based on the experimental and simulation\u0000results.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anton Makarov, Katerina Kozlova, Denis Brazhnikov, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Andrey Goncharov
We study a resonant interaction of an elliptically polarized light wave with $^{87}$Rb vapor (D$_1$ line) exposed to a transverse magnetic field. A $5$$times$$5$$times$$5$~mm$^3$ glass vapor cell is used for the experiments. The wave intensity is modulated at the frequency $Omega_m$. By scanning $Omega_m$ near the Larmor frequency $Omega_L$, a magnetic resonance (MR) can be observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the wave polarization. This method for observing MR allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio compared to a classical Bell-Bloom scheme using a circularly polarized wave. The sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is estimated to be $approx,$$130$~fT/$surd$Hz in a $2$~kHz bandwidth, confidently competing with widely used Faraday-rotation Bell-Bloom schemes. The results can be used to develop a miniature all-optical magnetic field sensor for medicine and geophysics.
{"title":"All-optical atomic magnetometry using an elliptically polarized amplitude-modulated light wave","authors":"Anton Makarov, Katerina Kozlova, Denis Brazhnikov, Vladislav Vishnyakov, Andrey Goncharov","doi":"arxiv-2408.01968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01968","url":null,"abstract":"We study a resonant interaction of an elliptically polarized light wave with\u0000$^{87}$Rb vapor (D$_1$ line) exposed to a transverse magnetic field. A\u0000$5$$times$$5$$times$$5$~mm$^3$ glass vapor cell is used for the experiments.\u0000The wave intensity is modulated at the frequency $Omega_m$. By scanning\u0000$Omega_m$ near the Larmor frequency $Omega_L$, a magnetic resonance (MR) can\u0000be observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the wave polarization.\u0000This method for observing MR allows to significantly improve the\u0000signal-to-noise ratio compared to a classical Bell-Bloom scheme using a\u0000circularly polarized wave. The sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is\u0000estimated to be $approx,$$130$~fT/$surd$Hz in a $2$~kHz bandwidth,\u0000confidently competing with widely used Faraday-rotation Bell-Bloom schemes. The\u0000results can be used to develop a miniature all-optical magnetic field sensor\u0000for medicine and geophysics.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abbrescia, C. Avanzini, L. Baldini, R. Baldini Ferroli, G. Batignani, M. Battaglieri, S. Boi, E. Bossini, F. Carnesecchi, F. Cavazza, C. Cicalò, L. Cifarelli, F. Coccetti, E. Coccia, A. Corvaglia, D. De Gruttola, S. De Pasquale, L. Galante, M. Garbini, I. Gnesi, F. Gramegna, S. Grazzi, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. La Rocca, Z. Liu, G. Mandaglio, A. Margotti, G. Maron, M. N. Mazziotta, A. Mulliri, R. Nania, F. Noferini, F. Nozzoli, F. Palmonari, M. Panareo, M. P. Panetta, R. Paoletti, C. Pellegrino, L. Perasso, O. Pinazza, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, F. Riggi, G. Righini, C. Ripoli, M. Rizzi, G. Sartorelli, E. Scapparone, M. Schioppa, G. Scioli, A. Scribano, M. Selvi, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, A. Trifirò, M. Trimarchi, C. Vistoli, L. Votano, M. C. S. Williams, A. Zichichi, R. Zuyeuski
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project, a joint project of the Centro Fermi (Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "E.Fermi") and INFN, has a dual purpose: a scientific research program on cosmic rays at ground level and an intense outreach and educational program. The project consists in a network of about 60 tracking detectors, called telescopes, mostly hosted in Italian High Schools. Each telescope is made by three Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers, operated so far with a gas mixture composed by 98% C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$ and 2% SF$_6$. Due to its high Global Warming Potential, a few years ago the EEE collaboration has started an extensive R&D on alternative mixtures environmentally sustainable and compatible with the current experimental setup and operational environment. Among other gas mixtures, the one with helium and hydrofluoroolefin R1234ze gave the best result during the preliminary tests performed with two of the network telescopes. The detector has proved to reach performance levels comparable to those obtained with previous mixtures, without any modification of the hardware. We will discuss the first results obtained with the new mixture, tested with different percentages of the two components.
极端能量事件（EEE）项目是费米中心（Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "E.Fermi"）和意大利国家天文台（INFN）的一个联合项目，具有双重目的：一个是在地面开展宇宙射线科学研究计划，另一个是大力开展宣传和教育计划。该项目包括一个由大约 60 个跟踪探测器（称为望远镜）组成的网络，大部分设在意大利高中。每个望远镜由三个多隙电阻板室组成，迄今为止一直使用由 98% 的 C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$ 和 2% 的 SF$_6$ 组成的混合气体。由于混合气体具有较高的全球变暖潜能值，几年前，EEEE 合作项目开始广泛研发具有环境可持续性并与当前实验装置和运行环境兼容的替代混合气体。在其他混合气体中，使用氦气和氢氟烯烃 R1234ze 的混合气体在使用两台网络望远镜进行的初步测试中取得了最佳结果。事实证明，在不对硬件进行任何改动的情况下，该探测器的性能可与使用以前的混合物所获得的性能相媲美。我们将讨论使用新混合物所取得的第一批结果，这两种成分的不同比例进行了测试。
{"title":"First results on new helium based eco-gas mixtures for the Extreme Energy Events Project","authors":"M. Abbrescia, C. Avanzini, L. Baldini, R. Baldini Ferroli, G. Batignani, M. Battaglieri, S. Boi, E. Bossini, F. Carnesecchi, F. Cavazza, C. Cicalò, L. Cifarelli, F. Coccetti, E. Coccia, A. Corvaglia, D. De Gruttola, S. De Pasquale, L. Galante, M. Garbini, I. Gnesi, F. Gramegna, S. Grazzi, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. La Rocca, Z. Liu, G. Mandaglio, A. Margotti, G. Maron, M. N. Mazziotta, A. Mulliri, R. Nania, F. Noferini, F. Nozzoli, F. Palmonari, M. Panareo, M. P. Panetta, R. Paoletti, C. Pellegrino, L. Perasso, O. Pinazza, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, F. Riggi, G. Righini, C. Ripoli, M. Rizzi, G. Sartorelli, E. Scapparone, M. Schioppa, G. Scioli, A. Scribano, M. Selvi, M. Taiuti, G. Terreni, A. Trifirò, M. Trimarchi, C. Vistoli, L. Votano, M. C. S. Williams, A. Zichichi, R. Zuyeuski","doi":"arxiv-2408.01802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01802","url":null,"abstract":"The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project, a joint project of the Centro Fermi\u0000(Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche \"E.Fermi\") and INFN, has\u0000a dual purpose: a scientific research program on cosmic rays at ground level\u0000and an intense outreach and educational program. The project consists in a\u0000network of about 60 tracking detectors, called telescopes, mostly hosted in\u0000Italian High Schools. Each telescope is made by three Multigap Resistive Plate\u0000Chambers, operated so far with a gas mixture composed by 98% C$_2$H$_2$F$_4$\u0000and 2% SF$_6$. Due to its high Global Warming Potential, a few years ago the\u0000EEE collaboration has started an extensive R&D on alternative mixtures\u0000environmentally sustainable and compatible with the current experimental setup\u0000and operational environment. Among other gas mixtures, the one with helium and\u0000hydrofluoroolefin R1234ze gave the best result during the preliminary tests\u0000performed with two of the network telescopes. The detector has proved to reach\u0000performance levels comparable to those obtained with previous mixtures, without\u0000any modification of the hardware. We will discuss the first results obtained\u0000with the new mixture, tested with different percentages of the two components.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a brief review of liquid scintillators, an important technology for detection of ionizing radiation. We will first review the basic mechanisms of light production in most organic liquid scintillators. For most practical detector applications, the scintillators need to be optimized for choices of photosensors and compatibility with optical windows. A summary of important past experimental projects with liquid scintillators is provided. We will complete the review with a list of modern practices, particularly of metal doping, and development of water based hybrid materials that allow simultaneous detection of Cherenkov and scintillation light.
{"title":"Liquid Scintillators; Technology and Challenges","authors":"Milind Vaman Diwan","doi":"arxiv-2408.01820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01820","url":null,"abstract":"This is a brief review of liquid scintillators, an important technology for\u0000detection of ionizing radiation. We will first review the basic mechanisms of\u0000light production in most organic liquid scintillators. For most practical\u0000detector applications, the scintillators need to be optimized for choices of\u0000photosensors and compatibility with optical windows. A summary of important\u0000past experimental projects with liquid scintillators is provided. We will\u0000complete the review with a list of modern practices, particularly of metal\u0000doping, and development of water based hybrid materials that allow simultaneous\u0000detection of Cherenkov and scintillation light.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyang Qi, Kaixuan Ni, Haiwen Xu, Yue Ma, Yuechen Liu
Dual phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) detect both the scintillation photons and ionization electrons created by energy depositions within the liquid xenon (LXe) volume. The electrons are extracted from the interaction site through a gas gap, where they meet a high electric field where proportional scintillation occurs. This converts the electron signal into a light signal, and yields a high electron detection efficiency with a gain of tens of photoelectrons (PE) per electron. This technique of detecting both scintillation and ionization gives dual phase xenon TPCs the capability to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils, which is a key part of how these detectors are able to reach world-leading limits on Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, not all electrons can be extracted through the liquid-gas interface, and a constant millimeter-scale gas gap needs to be maintained, which may be a technological challenge if dual-phase xenon TPCs are to be scaled up for future dark matter searches. Furthermore, there is a background of single-electron peaks that follow a large ionization signal (S2) of unclear origin which may be due in part to the liquid-gas interface, and limits the sensitivity of these detectors towards low mass dark matter. In this paper, we demonstrate that a purely single-phase liquid xenon TPC which produces proportional scintillation directly in the liquid is still capable of discriminating between electronic and nuclear recoils, but that the background of single-electrons following an S2 is still likely unrelated to the liquid-gas interface.
{"title":"Feasibility of Liquid-phase Xenon Proportional Scintillation for Low-energy Physics","authors":"Jianyang Qi, Kaixuan Ni, Haiwen Xu, Yue Ma, Yuechen Liu","doi":"arxiv-2408.01646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01646","url":null,"abstract":"Dual phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) detect both the\u0000scintillation photons and ionization electrons created by energy depositions\u0000within the liquid xenon (LXe) volume. The electrons are extracted from the\u0000interaction site through a gas gap, where they meet a high electric field where\u0000proportional scintillation occurs. This converts the electron signal into a\u0000light signal, and yields a high electron detection efficiency with a gain of\u0000tens of photoelectrons (PE) per electron. This technique of detecting both\u0000scintillation and ionization gives dual phase xenon TPCs the capability to\u0000distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils, which is a key part of how\u0000these detectors are able to reach world-leading limits on Weakly Interacting\u0000Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter. However, not all electrons can be\u0000extracted through the liquid-gas interface, and a constant millimeter-scale gas\u0000gap needs to be maintained, which may be a technological challenge if\u0000dual-phase xenon TPCs are to be scaled up for future dark matter searches.\u0000Furthermore, there is a background of single-electron peaks that follow a large\u0000ionization signal (S2) of unclear origin which may be due in part to the\u0000liquid-gas interface, and limits the sensitivity of these detectors towards low\u0000mass dark matter. In this paper, we demonstrate that a purely single-phase\u0000liquid xenon TPC which produces proportional scintillation directly in the\u0000liquid is still capable of discriminating between electronic and nuclear\u0000recoils, but that the background of single-electrons following an S2 is still\u0000likely unrelated to the liquid-gas interface.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajay S. Gill, Steven J. Benton, Christopher J. Damaren, Spencer W. Everett, Aurelien A. Fraisse, John W. Hartley, David Harvey, Bradley Holder, Eric M. Huff, Mathilde Jauzac, William C. Jones, David Lagattuta, Jason S. -Y. Leung, Lun Li, Thuy Vy T. Luu, Richard Massey, Jacqueline E. McCleary, Johanna M. Nagy, C. Barth Netterfield, Emaad Paracha, Susan F. Redmond, Jason D. Rhodes, Andrew Robertson, L. Javier Romualdez, Jürgen Schmoll, Mohamed M. Shaaban, Ellen L. Sirks, Georgios N. Vassilakis, André Z. Vitorelliand
SuperBIT was a 0.5-meter near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wide-field telescope that launched on a NASA superpressure balloon into the stratosphere from New Zealand for a 45-night flight. SuperBIT acquired multi-band images of galaxy clusters to study the properties of dark matter using weak gravitational lensing. We provide an overview of the instrument and its various subsystems. We then present the instrument performance from the flight, including the telescope and image stabilization system, the optical system, the power system, and the thermal system. SuperBIT successfully met the instrument's technical requirements, achieving a telescope pointing stability of 0.34 +/- 0.10 arcseconds, a focal plane image stability of 0.055 +/- 0.027 arcseconds, and a PSF FWHM of ~ 0.35 arcseconds over 5-minute exposures throughout the 45-night flight. The telescope achieved a near-diffraction limited point-spread function in all three science bands (u, b, and g). SuperBIT served as a pathfinder to the GigaBIT observatory, which will be a 1.34-meter near-ultraviolet to near-infrared balloon-borne telescope.
{"title":"SuperBIT Superpressure Flight Instrument Overview and Performance: Near diffraction-limited Astronomical Imaging from the Stratosphere","authors":"Ajay S. Gill, Steven J. Benton, Christopher J. Damaren, Spencer W. Everett, Aurelien A. Fraisse, John W. Hartley, David Harvey, Bradley Holder, Eric M. Huff, Mathilde Jauzac, William C. Jones, David Lagattuta, Jason S. -Y. Leung, Lun Li, Thuy Vy T. Luu, Richard Massey, Jacqueline E. McCleary, Johanna M. Nagy, C. Barth Netterfield, Emaad Paracha, Susan F. Redmond, Jason D. Rhodes, Andrew Robertson, L. Javier Romualdez, Jürgen Schmoll, Mohamed M. Shaaban, Ellen L. Sirks, Georgios N. Vassilakis, André Z. Vitorelliand","doi":"arxiv-2408.01847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01847","url":null,"abstract":"SuperBIT was a 0.5-meter near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wide-field\u0000telescope that launched on a NASA superpressure balloon into the stratosphere\u0000from New Zealand for a 45-night flight. SuperBIT acquired multi-band images of\u0000galaxy clusters to study the properties of dark matter using weak gravitational\u0000lensing. We provide an overview of the instrument and its various subsystems.\u0000We then present the instrument performance from the flight, including the\u0000telescope and image stabilization system, the optical system, the power system,\u0000and the thermal system. SuperBIT successfully met the instrument's technical\u0000requirements, achieving a telescope pointing stability of 0.34 +/- 0.10\u0000arcseconds, a focal plane image stability of 0.055 +/- 0.027 arcseconds, and a\u0000PSF FWHM of ~ 0.35 arcseconds over 5-minute exposures throughout the 45-night\u0000flight. The telescope achieved a near-diffraction limited point-spread function\u0000in all three science bands (u, b, and g). SuperBIT served as a pathfinder to\u0000the GigaBIT observatory, which will be a 1.34-meter near-ultraviolet to\u0000near-infrared balloon-borne telescope.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene Villa, Angelo Monguzzi, Roberto Lorenzi, Matteo Orfano, Vladimir Babin, František Hájek, Karla Kuldová, Romana Kučerková, Alena Beitlerová, Ilaria Mattei, Hana Buresova, Radek Pjatkan, Václav Čuba, Lenka Prouzová Procházková, Martin Nikl
Fast emitting polymeric scintillators are requested in advanced applications where high-speed detectors with large signal-to-noise ratio are needed. However, their low density implies a weak stopping power of high energy radiations, thus a limited light output and sensitivity. To enhance their performances, polymeric scintillators can be loaded with dense nanoparticles (NPs). We investigate the properties of a series of polymeric scintillators by means of photoluminescence and scintillation spectroscopy, comparing standard scintillators with a composite system loaded with dense hafnium dioxide (HfO2) NPs. The nanocomposite shows a scintillation yield enhancement of +100% with unchanged time response. We provide for the first time an interpretation of this effect, pointing out the local effect of NPs in the generation of emissive states upon interaction with the ionizing radiation. The obtained results indicate that coupling of fast conjugated emitters with optically inert dense NPs could allow to surpass the actual limits of pure polymeric scintillators.
{"title":"On the origin of the light yield enhancement in polymeric composite scintillators loaded with dense nanoparticles","authors":"Irene Villa, Angelo Monguzzi, Roberto Lorenzi, Matteo Orfano, Vladimir Babin, František Hájek, Karla Kuldová, Romana Kučerková, Alena Beitlerová, Ilaria Mattei, Hana Buresova, Radek Pjatkan, Václav Čuba, Lenka Prouzová Procházková, Martin Nikl","doi":"arxiv-2408.01340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.01340","url":null,"abstract":"Fast emitting polymeric scintillators are requested in advanced applications\u0000where high-speed detectors with large signal-to-noise ratio are needed.\u0000However, their low density implies a weak stopping power of high energy\u0000radiations, thus a limited light output and sensitivity. To enhance their\u0000performances, polymeric scintillators can be loaded with dense nanoparticles\u0000(NPs). We investigate the properties of a series of polymeric scintillators by\u0000means of photoluminescence and scintillation spectroscopy, comparing standard\u0000scintillators with a composite system loaded with dense hafnium dioxide (HfO2)\u0000NPs. The nanocomposite shows a scintillation yield enhancement of +100% with\u0000unchanged time response. We provide for the first time an interpretation of\u0000this effect, pointing out the local effect of NPs in the generation of emissive\u0000states upon interaction with the ionizing radiation. The obtained results\u0000indicate that coupling of fast conjugated emitters with optically inert dense\u0000NPs could allow to surpass the actual limits of pure polymeric scintillators.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Linon the behalf of JUNO Collaboration, Weiqing Yinon the behalf of JUNO Collaboration
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is currently under construction and the installation of detector will be completed by end of 2024. A series of JUNO Data Challenges are proposed to evaluate and validate the complete data processing chain in advance. In this contribution, the offline data processing in the first JUNO Data Challenge (DC-1) is presented. The primary goal of DC-1 is to process one week data using conditions database and multi-threaded reconstruction. The workflow involves the production of simulated data and reconstruction of the data. To achieve the goals, a JUNO-Hackathon has been organized. The software performance is measured and the results are presented.
{"title":"Offline data processing in the First JUNO Data Challenge","authors":"Tao Linon the behalf of JUNO Collaboration, Weiqing Yinon the behalf of JUNO Collaboration","doi":"arxiv-2408.00959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2408.00959","url":null,"abstract":"The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is currently under\u0000construction and the installation of detector will be completed by end of 2024.\u0000A series of JUNO Data Challenges are proposed to evaluate and validate the\u0000complete data processing chain in advance. In this contribution, the offline\u0000data processing in the first JUNO Data Challenge (DC-1) is presented. The\u0000primary goal of DC-1 is to process one week data using conditions database and\u0000multi-threaded reconstruction. The workflow involves the production of\u0000simulated data and reconstruction of the data. To achieve the goals, a\u0000JUNO-Hackathon has been organized. The software performance is measured and the\u0000results are presented.","PeriodicalId":501374,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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