Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00081-1
Michele Acuto, Daniel Pejic, Sombol Mokhles, Benjamin Leffel, David Gordon, Ricardo Martinez, Sayel Cortes, Cathy Oke
Climate change presents a planetary threat with scorching implications for life in the streets of a growingly urbanized Earth. Since the 1990s, a key contribution to tackling this crisis has come from thousands of local governments facing the climate head-on. Cities have done so not just individually but in a mounting mix of ‘city networks’, crossing borders and geopolitical differences. So, what more could we ask of this city diplomacy? Stepping up the inclusiveness, recognition and reach of these networks is an essential piece of the much-needed global response to today’s existential challenge to our urban species. Local governments have formed city networks to face the climate emergency by bridging borders and geopolitical differences since at least the 1990s. This Review shows what has been achieved in these three decades, and indicates the importance of improving the inclusiveness, recognition and reach of these city networks going forward.
{"title":"What three decades of city networks tell us about city diplomacy’s potential for climate action","authors":"Michele Acuto, Daniel Pejic, Sombol Mokhles, Benjamin Leffel, David Gordon, Ricardo Martinez, Sayel Cortes, Cathy Oke","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00081-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00081-1","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change presents a planetary threat with scorching implications for life in the streets of a growingly urbanized Earth. Since the 1990s, a key contribution to tackling this crisis has come from thousands of local governments facing the climate head-on. Cities have done so not just individually but in a mounting mix of ‘city networks’, crossing borders and geopolitical differences. So, what more could we ask of this city diplomacy? Stepping up the inclusiveness, recognition and reach of these networks is an essential piece of the much-needed global response to today’s existential challenge to our urban species. Local governments have formed city networks to face the climate emergency by bridging borders and geopolitical differences since at least the 1990s. This Review shows what has been achieved in these three decades, and indicates the importance of improving the inclusiveness, recognition and reach of these city networks going forward.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 7","pages":"451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00084-y
Ning Zhang, Georg Schiller, Hessam Azarijafari, Zhi Cao, Bin Xi, Yuli Shan, Huanyu Li, Huabo Duan, Jiakuan Yang
The renewal and expansion of the built environment within the context of rapid urbanization are imposing new benchmarks for resource management, particularly concerning the billions of tons of consumption and waste generation of concrete materials. The commercialization of carbonation in cementitious materials is underway, opening up possibilities for nitrogenation that has been well documented in recent experimental studies. Here we further utilize a dynamic model to estimate the mitigation potentials of NOx by the promotion of concrete nitrogenation in a global urbanization scenario, projecting its global health and economic benefits toward 2050. Our analysis reveals that concrete nitrogenation can theoretically contribute to a reduction in NOx emissions by approximately 3.4–6.9 Mt—or 6–13% of global industry-related emissions—in 2021. The cumulative economic potential is projected to exceed 150–160 trillion USD, accompanied by a NOx mitigation of 131–384 Mt between 2021 and 2050, equivalent to 75–260 years potentially lost to premature death and reduced quality of life (estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years). However, both carbonation and nitrogenation techniques rely on the availability of alkaline reactive components within the material, leading to competition. Although significant uncertainty remains, our comparison reveals that, in most regions, promoting the commercialization of nitrogenation exhibits higher feasibility and prioritization over carbonation in relation to both economic and environmental benefits. Globally, concrete materials are widely used to build urban settings, resulting in massive waste. The authors propose scenarios of industrial-scale application of concrete nitrogenation, to use concrete debris in cities to mitigate NOx emissions.
{"title":"Contribution of concrete nitrogenation to global NOx uptake","authors":"Ning Zhang, Georg Schiller, Hessam Azarijafari, Zhi Cao, Bin Xi, Yuli Shan, Huanyu Li, Huabo Duan, Jiakuan Yang","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00084-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00084-y","url":null,"abstract":"The renewal and expansion of the built environment within the context of rapid urbanization are imposing new benchmarks for resource management, particularly concerning the billions of tons of consumption and waste generation of concrete materials. The commercialization of carbonation in cementitious materials is underway, opening up possibilities for nitrogenation that has been well documented in recent experimental studies. Here we further utilize a dynamic model to estimate the mitigation potentials of NOx by the promotion of concrete nitrogenation in a global urbanization scenario, projecting its global health and economic benefits toward 2050. Our analysis reveals that concrete nitrogenation can theoretically contribute to a reduction in NOx emissions by approximately 3.4–6.9 Mt—or 6–13% of global industry-related emissions—in 2021. The cumulative economic potential is projected to exceed 150–160 trillion USD, accompanied by a NOx mitigation of 131–384 Mt between 2021 and 2050, equivalent to 75–260 years potentially lost to premature death and reduced quality of life (estimated in terms of disability-adjusted life years). However, both carbonation and nitrogenation techniques rely on the availability of alkaline reactive components within the material, leading to competition. Although significant uncertainty remains, our comparison reveals that, in most regions, promoting the commercialization of nitrogenation exhibits higher feasibility and prioritization over carbonation in relation to both economic and environmental benefits. Globally, concrete materials are widely used to build urban settings, resulting in massive waste. The authors propose scenarios of industrial-scale application of concrete nitrogenation, to use concrete debris in cities to mitigate NOx emissions.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 7","pages":"457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00079-9
Mila Burns
Mila Burns, an Associate Professor of Latin American Studies and History at the City University of New York, illustrates the effects that Lisbon has over time itself.
{"title":"Cherishing slow living in Lisbon","authors":"Mila Burns","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00079-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00079-9","url":null,"abstract":"Mila Burns, an Associate Professor of Latin American Studies and History at the City University of New York, illustrates the effects that Lisbon has over time itself.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"445-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00082-0
Urbanization processes reshape space — and the human and non-human relationships that play out in and through space — over time. The intensification of urbanization poses a range of threats to the natural environment and correspondingly to the socioeconomic welfare of urban residents. The articles in this issue highlight how, from the soil upon which cities are built to the trees, water and air that give life to urban spaces, inequality has become embedded as a structuring feature of urban natural environments.
{"title":"Natural layers bearing urban inequality","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00082-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00082-0","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization processes reshape space — and the human and non-human relationships that play out in and through space — over time. The intensification of urbanization poses a range of threats to the natural environment and correspondingly to the socioeconomic welfare of urban residents. The articles in this issue highlight how, from the soil upon which cities are built to the trees, water and air that give life to urban spaces, inequality has become embedded as a structuring feature of urban natural environments.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"393-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44284-024-00082-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00078-w
Elizabeth L. Sweet
Violence against women is a widespread and growing issue in cities worldwide, but it is rarely considered in urban planning. To meet this challenge, Elizabeth L. Sweet encourages renewed considerations of time, space and relationships in urban scholarship and planning.
在全球城市中，针对女性的暴力是一个普遍存在且日益严重的问题，但在城市规划中却很少予以考虑。为了应对这一挑战，Elizabeth L. Sweet 鼓励在城市学术和规划中重新考虑时间、空间和关系。
{"title":"Addressing violence against women in cities","authors":"Elizabeth L. Sweet","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00078-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00078-w","url":null,"abstract":"Violence against women is a widespread and growing issue in cities worldwide, but it is rarely considered in urban planning. To meet this challenge, Elizabeth L. Sweet encourages renewed considerations of time, space and relationships in urban scholarship and planning.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"394-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141246189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00075-z
Our global survey and high-resolution local survey revealed that socio-economic development substantially influences the diversity of soil-borne animal pathogens, among which Trichosporon is a key indicator species. Our findings highlight the importance of human activities in shaping the pathogenic microbiome of cities and the potential implications for human health.
{"title":"Socio-economic influences on soil-borne pathogenic fungi in urban greenspaces","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00075-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00075-z","url":null,"abstract":"Our global survey and high-resolution local survey revealed that socio-economic development substantially influences the diversity of soil-borne animal pathogens, among which Trichosporon is a key indicator species. Our findings highlight the importance of human activities in shaping the pathogenic microbiome of cities and the potential implications for human health.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"400-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00080-2
Theodore A. Endreny
The escalating intensity of heatwaves due to climate change is making the cool respite provided by urban green spaces crucial. Yet, a recent comprehensive study underscores a stark disparity: the most vulnerable urban populations in Europe are the least served by these essential green cooling services.
{"title":"Mapping inequities in green cooling services","authors":"Theodore A. Endreny","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00080-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00080-2","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating intensity of heatwaves due to climate change is making the cool respite provided by urban green spaces crucial. Yet, a recent comprehensive study underscores a stark disparity: the most vulnerable urban populations in Europe are the least served by these essential green cooling services.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"396-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00077-x
Alby Duarte Rocha, Stenka Vulova, Michael Förster, Beniamino Gioli, Bradley Matthews, Carole Helfter, Fred Meier, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Janet F. Barlow, Leena Järvi, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giacomo Nicolini, Birgit Kleinschmit
Heat stress is the leading climate-related cause of premature deaths in Europe. Major heatwaves have struck Europe recently and are expected to increase in magnitude and length. Large cities are particularly threatened due to the urban morphology and imperviousness. Green spaces mitigate heat, providing cooling services through shade provision and evapotranspiration. However, the distribution of green cooling and the population most affected are often unknown. Here we reveal environmental injustice regarding green cooling in 14 major European urban areas. Vulnerable residents in Europe are not concentrated in the suburbs but in run-down central areas that coincide with low-cooling regions. In all studied areas, lower-income residents, tenants, immigrants and unemployed citizens receive below-average green cooling, while upper-income residents, nationals and homeowners experience above-average cooling provision. The fatality risk during extreme heatwaves may increase as vulnerable residents are unable to afford passive or active cooling mitigation. This study estimates the green cooling distribution and the population most exposed to heat in 14 major European areas. It found that lower-income residents, immigrants and unemployed residents are more vulnerable compared with upper-income residents, nationals and homeowners.
{"title":"Unprivileged groups are less served by green cooling services in major European urban areas","authors":"Alby Duarte Rocha, Stenka Vulova, Michael Förster, Beniamino Gioli, Bradley Matthews, Carole Helfter, Fred Meier, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Janet F. Barlow, Leena Järvi, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giacomo Nicolini, Birgit Kleinschmit","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00077-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00077-x","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is the leading climate-related cause of premature deaths in Europe. Major heatwaves have struck Europe recently and are expected to increase in magnitude and length. Large cities are particularly threatened due to the urban morphology and imperviousness. Green spaces mitigate heat, providing cooling services through shade provision and evapotranspiration. However, the distribution of green cooling and the population most affected are often unknown. Here we reveal environmental injustice regarding green cooling in 14 major European urban areas. Vulnerable residents in Europe are not concentrated in the suburbs but in run-down central areas that coincide with low-cooling regions. In all studied areas, lower-income residents, tenants, immigrants and unemployed citizens receive below-average green cooling, while upper-income residents, nationals and homeowners experience above-average cooling provision. The fatality risk during extreme heatwaves may increase as vulnerable residents are unable to afford passive or active cooling mitigation. This study estimates the green cooling distribution and the population most exposed to heat in 14 major European areas. It found that lower-income residents, immigrants and unemployed residents are more vulnerable compared with upper-income residents, nationals and homeowners.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"424-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00076-y
Arianna Salazar-Miranda, Claire Conzelmann, Toàn Phan, Jeremy Hoffman
We investigate the potential long-term impacts of ‘redlining’—the historical practice of assigning values to residential areas in US cities based on race and class—on the vulnerability of communities to climate risks. Using a boundary design methodology for 202 US cities, we document that areas marked by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation as being less desirable for investment in the 1930s–1940s face disproportionately higher current and projected risks of flooding and extreme heat. These heightened vulnerabilities are partly due to diminished environmental capital in these areas—most notably, reduced tree canopy, lower ground surface permeability and lower construction foundation height. Our findings underscore the persistent influence of historical practices on the present-day distribution of climate risk exposure. This study examines long-term impacts of ‘redlining’, the historical practice of assigning values to residential areas in US cities based on race and class, on the vulnerability of communities to climate risks. Findings reveal that areas marked by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation as being less desirable for investment in the 1930s–1940s face disproportionately higher current and projected risks of flooding and extreme heat, in part due to their lessened environmental capital.
{"title":"Long-term effects of redlining on climate risk exposure","authors":"Arianna Salazar-Miranda, Claire Conzelmann, Toàn Phan, Jeremy Hoffman","doi":"10.1038/s44284-024-00076-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44284-024-00076-y","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the potential long-term impacts of ‘redlining’—the historical practice of assigning values to residential areas in US cities based on race and class—on the vulnerability of communities to climate risks. Using a boundary design methodology for 202 US cities, we document that areas marked by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation as being less desirable for investment in the 1930s–1940s face disproportionately higher current and projected risks of flooding and extreme heat. These heightened vulnerabilities are partly due to diminished environmental capital in these areas—most notably, reduced tree canopy, lower ground surface permeability and lower construction foundation height. Our findings underscore the persistent influence of historical practices on the present-day distribution of climate risk exposure. This study examines long-term impacts of ‘redlining’, the historical practice of assigning values to residential areas in US cities based on race and class, on the vulnerability of communities to climate risks. Findings reveal that areas marked by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation as being less desirable for investment in the 1930s–1940s face disproportionately higher current and projected risks of flooding and extreme heat, in part due to their lessened environmental capital.","PeriodicalId":501700,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cities","volume":"1 6","pages":"436-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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