Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance最新文献

Collaborative motor interactions (joint actions) require relating to another person (social dimension) whose contribution is needed to achieve a shared goal (goal-related dimension). We explored if and how these dimensions modulate interactive behavior by exploring posterror interpersonal adaptations. In two experiments carried out in 2022 (N₁ = 23; N₂ = 24, preregistered), participants played sequences of notes in turn-taking with a coactor either described as another participant or the computer (human vs. nonhuman coactor, social manipulation) while pursuing shared or individual goals (goal-related manipulation). The coactor was programmed to make a mistake in 50% of the trials. We found that, only in the shared goal condition, participants were slower when interacting with a human than a nonhuman coactor depending on how strongly they believed the human coactor was a real participant. Moreover, the general slowdown following a partner's error was absent when the action required from the participant corresponded to what the coactor should have done (correction tendency effect). This effect was found only in the shared goal condition without differences between coactors, suggesting it was driven by goal-related representations. The social and goal-related dimensions thus independently but significantly shape interpersonal adaptations during joint action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Visual mental imagery is a core topic of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Several early behavioral contributions were published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, and they continue to influence the field despite the advent of new technologies and statistical models that are used in contemporary research on mental imagery. Future research will lead to new discoveries showing a broader importance of mental imagery, ranging from consciousness, problem-solving, expectations, perception, and reality monitoring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The relative timing between sensory signals strongly determines whether they are integrated in the brain. Two classical measures of temporal integration are provided by simultaneity judgments, where one judges whether cross-modal stimuli are synchronous, and violations of the race model inequality (RMI) due to faster responses to cross-modal than unimodal stimuli. While simultaneity judgments are subject to trial history effects (rapid temporal recalibration) and long-term experience (musical training), it is unknown whether RMI violations are similarly affected. Musicians and nonmusicians made simultaneity judgments and speeded responses to brief auditory-visual stimuli with varying onset asynchronies. We derived a so-called temporal integration window for both measures, via an observer model for simultaneity judgments and a nonparametric test for detecting observer-level RMI violations. Simultaneity judgments were subject to rapid recalibration and musicians were less likely than nonmusicians to perceive stimuli as synchronous. Proportionally, twice as many musicians as nonmusicians exhibited RMI violations within a temporal window spanning -33 to 100 ms. Response times (and RMI violations) were unaffected by rapid recalibration and modality shift costs, suggesting that rapid recalibration is not caused by changes in early sensory latency. Our findings show that perception- and action-based measures of multisensory temporal processing are affected differently by experience. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Motivated by the compositional semantics perspective (Marelli, 2023), which regards the meaning-combination process as playing an important role in the recognition of polymorphemic words, the present study revisited a study by Crepaldi et al. (2013, Experiment 1) to reevaluate the role of semantic transparency in the processing of nonwords comprising existing morphemes. We replicated the transposed compound interference effect, namely, the greater difficulty in rejecting a nonword generated by reversing the order of the morpheme constituents (e.g., SIDELAKE from lakeside). Contrary to the claim of the original study, here we found evidence that this interference effect is greater if the original compound word was semantically transparent (e.g., lakeside) than opaque (e.g., hallmark). Importantly, we also show that this effect of baseword semantic transparency is in fact an effect of compositionality (the ease of generating a meaningful compound from the constituents). We discuss the implication of this finding for the processing of polymorphemic words, with particular regard to the experimental conditions that are favorable for finding a role for semantics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The size adaptation aftereffect is a perceptual phenomenon in which a stimulus is perceived as smaller (or larger) after exposure to a larger (or smaller) stimulus. Given that size perception of body parts is computed with the highest accuracy for biological reasons, it is currently uncertain whether these are differently susceptible to illusory size misperceptions, such as those induced by adaptation paradigms. We induced the Uznadze illusion (i.e., a size-contrast adaptation aftereffect) to investigate its effect over stimuli depicting body parts (hands) or nonbody stimuli (i.e., abstract shapes). In three experiments, pairs of hands or nonhands were presented in separate sessions. After repeated exposure to two stimuli with different sizes, one larger and one smaller, participants judged the size of two new stimuli. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found a stronger effect for hands than nonhands. In Experiment 3, we enhanced the similarity between hand and nonhand stimuli, and we confirmed a stronger adaptation for hands, but only when participants performed the task with nonhand stimuli in the first session. These results indicate that visual hand stimuli would be more susceptible to size adaptation, suggesting that the identity and meaning attributed to the stimulus can influence the perceptual aftereffect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Research has shown that increasing stimulus eccentricity can shorten temporal estimations and integration. Endogenous attention has been shown to prolong subjective duration and stimulus processing, especially for more peripheral stimuli. This study investigates the impact of endogenous attention on the perceived duration of peripheral stimuli. In a temporal bisection task, participants judged the varying duration of a probe stimulus (20-220 ms) presented at 3° or 9° of eccentricity left or right from fixation as either short or long. The probe stimulus was either preceded by a valid or neutral central arrow cue (Experiment 1) or valid or invalid central arrow cue (Experiment 2) to manipulate endogenous attention. Eye movements were monitored with an eye tracker. In both experiments, subjective duration decreased with increasing stimulus eccentricity, consistent with earlier findings. Reaction times were lower for valid cues in both experiments, indicating that the cue was successful in shifting attention. While there was no significant difference in perceived duration between valid and neutral cues (Experiment 1), perceived duration was lower for invalid cues compared to valid cues (Experiment 2). In both experiments, there was no interaction between eccentricity and cue. The results are discussed in the context of the underlying processes involved in temporal processing and the notion that perceived duration does not differ between attention distributed over the screen or directed toward the peripheral stimulus, but directing attention away from the stimulus shortens perceived duration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Visuomotor development is based on implicit procedural and explicit strategic learning mechanisms. Given that both of these mechanisms are associated with child maturation, we sought to explore the effect of three related variables on adaptation rates: chronological age, intelligence quotient, and motor skills. In our study, 86 healthy school-aged children (grouped in 6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 years) with no reported visual or developmental disorders participated in a prism-throwing task under two different conditions. In the first condition, we introduced a wedge prism that displaces the visual field laterally. Adapting to this kind of visual perturbation relies mainly on procedural mechanisms. In the second condition, we introduced a dove prism, which reverses the visual field horizontally, allowing us to evaluate explicit strategic learning mechanisms. Most of the children managed to adapt to the use of implicit procedures based on the error feedback, regardless of age. However, older children were able to adopt explicit strategies to counteract the optical disturbance generated by the dove prism in greater proportions, irrespective of motor ability scores or intelligence quotient. Our results suggest that adopting strategic mechanisms depends more on chronological development than on intelligence or motor skills. In contrast, implicit error-based visuomotor learning consolidates from an early age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding how individuals represent their bodies in action is crucial for cognitive sciences. The theory of event coding suggests actions are coded by their perceptual effects. Yet the spatial representation of actions during simultaneous body-related effects is less understood. This study aimed to explore whether a correlation between visual and tactile effects could integrate visual information into action representations. Indeed, spatiotemporal correlation among sensory signals coming from various modalities is known to be a critical factor, especially in studies on body representations. We manipulated visual feedback by inverting it on the horizontal plane. The first group performed an induction task involving stroking a surface with a time lag between tactile and visual feedback (asynchronous group), while the second experienced no time lag (synchronous group). Participants then rated their subjective feeling of referral of touch (RoT) which corresponds to the perceived location of their index finger's tactile sensations. Subsequently, both groups completed the Simon task to assess spatial action coding. Results indicated no significant differences in RoT ratings between groups; however, the Simon task showed that the synchronous group coded responses based on the visual effects' locations, unlike the asynchronous group. Additionally, a correlation was observed between RoT ratings and the Simon task. These findings suggest that when multiple body-related action effects compete, visual effects may prevail if there is a temporal correlation between visual and tactile effects. These findings underscore the importance of spatiotemporal correlations in coding actions and support the linkage between action and body representation processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Task switching is effortful as it requires overcoming habitual task sets and reconfiguring new ones. Smaller switch costs can facilitate productivity and efficiency in modern work environments, where multitasking is crucial. However, the mechanisms to reduce switch costs are not fully understood, limiting reliable enhancement of this skill through interventions. While recent perspectives have hypothesized that noncontingent, or random, rewards could reduce switch costs, this has yet to be demonstrated. This study documented four experiments investigating the impact of random rewards on switch costs using a cued task-switching paradigm. Specifically, participants received rewards unrelated to the task, presented as gifts randomly at the end of some trials but not others. Results from all four experiments consistently showed that random rewards led to smaller switch costs compared to no rewards. However, this reduction was due to significant slowing after random reward presentations on both subsequent switch and repeat trials. Experiment 2 demonstrated that contingency played a role, with smaller switch costs observed only in the random reward condition, not in the performance-contingent reward condition. Experiments 3a and 3b further showed that reduced switch costs occurred only in the random reward condition, not in the oddball condition, despite both involving unexpected visual events, suggesting that the value of random rewards is critical. These findings provide initial evidence that random rewards can reduce switch costs, manifesting as post-reward slowing on both switch and repeat trials. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Human observers can allocate their attention to locations likely to contain a target and can also learn to avoid locations likely to contain a salient distractor during visual search. However, it is unclear which spatial frame of reference such learning is applied to. As such, our aim was to systematically disentangle the contributions of spatiotopic, retinotopic, and configural frames of reference to provide a comprehensive account of how the probabilistic distractor filtering effect comes about. We first demonstrate that the filtering effect is better determined by the probability of a salient distractor appearing at a relative location (i.e., in relation to one's eye position or an item's position in relation to other items within a display) rather than a fixed (spatiotopic) location, by varying the position of visual search arrays (along with fixation) across spatial contexts. We then separate retinotopic and configural reference frames by varying the configural but not retinotopic properties of biased (i.e., displays containing a probable distractor location) and unbiased visual search arrays and vice versa. In doing so, we find the filtering effect to be restricted to biased contexts when retinotopic positions are maintained, but configural properties are varied. In contrast, when the configural properties of visual search arrays are maintained, we show the transfer of the filtering effect across retinotopic positions. Thus, we demonstrate that probabilistic distractor filtering primarily emerges via a configural representation that codes the relative positions of items within search displays independent of spatiotopic and retinotopic coordinates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).