Anastasia Kondrateva, Oleg Morozov, Vladimir Terekhov, Ekaterina Kudriashova, Alexey Fedorov, Victor Avdeev
Owing to their superior mechanical performance, strong adhesion, thermal resistance, and insulating properties, epoxy resins are commonly employed as protective coatings, electronic encapsulants, adhesives, and matrices in composites. The selection of the epoxy system components—the base resin and curing agent—along with the chosen curing protocol, directly determines the properties of the final cross-linked polymer. This study compares the influence of halogen substituents in 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-diethylaniline) (MDEA), 4,4′-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (MCDEA) and 4,4′-methylenebis(3-bromo-2,6-diethylaniline) (MBDEA). The results of mechanical tests on plastics and composites demonstrated an increase in the strength properties and elastic modulus of the matrix, improved adhesive interactions with carbon fiber, and showed a reduction in moisture saturation across the series MDEA → MCDEA → MBDEA. Notably, the improvement in properties exceeded the increase in the density of the compositions, indicating an enhancement in the specific characteristics of the matrix.
{"title":"Synthesis of Halogen-Containing Methylenedianiline Derivatives as Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Their Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers","authors":"Anastasia Kondrateva, Oleg Morozov, Vladimir Terekhov, Ekaterina Kudriashova, Alexey Fedorov, Victor Avdeev","doi":"10.3390/jcs9120687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120687","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to their superior mechanical performance, strong adhesion, thermal resistance, and insulating properties, epoxy resins are commonly employed as protective coatings, electronic encapsulants, adhesives, and matrices in composites. The selection of the epoxy system components—the base resin and curing agent—along with the chosen curing protocol, directly determines the properties of the final cross-linked polymer. This study compares the influence of halogen substituents in 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-diethylaniline) (MDEA), 4,4′-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) (MCDEA) and 4,4′-methylenebis(3-bromo-2,6-diethylaniline) (MBDEA). The results of mechanical tests on plastics and composites demonstrated an increase in the strength properties and elastic modulus of the matrix, improved adhesive interactions with carbon fiber, and showed a reduction in moisture saturation across the series MDEA → MCDEA → MBDEA. Notably, the improvement in properties exceeded the increase in the density of the compositions, indicating an enhancement in the specific characteristics of the matrix.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"9 12","pages":"687-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saijun Zhou, Zixuan Peng, Jiarong Zou, Jian-He Qin, Renjian Deng, Chuang Wang, Yazhou Peng, Andrew Hursthouse, Mingjun Deng
Using Microcystis aeruginosa as the raw material, the microalgae was modified through a potassium permanganate–ferrous sulfate treatment process to prepare Fe-Mn oxide-modified algal powder. Sodium alginate was then combined with this modified powder to create Fe-Mn-modified algal powder gel beads, which were employed for the adsorption of Cd(II) from water. At pH = 9, with dosage of 6 g·L−1 and a contact time of 8 h, the Cd(II) solution at an initial level of 1.0 mg·L−1 achieved a removal efficiency of 96%, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 15.06 mg·g−1. The adsorption behavior conformed to the Langmuir isotherm and obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and was primarily governed by chemical adsorption. This involved complexation with hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COO−) functional groups, the ion exchange of Ca2+ with Cd(II), and surface complexation on Fe-Mn oxides. This study provides a valuable basis for the resource utilization of algae and the remediation of Cd contamination.
{"title":"A Study on the Adsorption of Cd(II) in Aqueous Solutions by Fe-Mn Oxide-Modified Algal Powder Gel Beads","authors":"Saijun Zhou, Zixuan Peng, Jiarong Zou, Jian-He Qin, Renjian Deng, Chuang Wang, Yazhou Peng, Andrew Hursthouse, Mingjun Deng","doi":"10.3390/jcs9110606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9110606","url":null,"abstract":"Using Microcystis aeruginosa as the raw material, the microalgae was modified through a potassium permanganate–ferrous sulfate treatment process to prepare Fe-Mn oxide-modified algal powder. Sodium alginate was then combined with this modified powder to create Fe-Mn-modified algal powder gel beads, which were employed for the adsorption of Cd(II) from water. At pH = 9, with dosage of 6 g·L−1 and a contact time of 8 h, the Cd(II) solution at an initial level of 1.0 mg·L−1 achieved a removal efficiency of 96%, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 15.06 mg·g−1. The adsorption behavior conformed to the Langmuir isotherm and obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and was primarily governed by chemical adsorption. This involved complexation with hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COO−) functional groups, the ion exchange of Ca2+ with Cd(II), and surface complexation on Fe-Mn oxides. This study provides a valuable basis for the resource utilization of algae and the remediation of Cd contamination.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"9 11","pages":"606-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/9/11/606/pdf?version=1762332026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Zhang, Wenbo Wang, Kun Li, Jingbo Chen, Yunlong Xu, Zhibo Zhao, Yanan Li, Long Yu
In this work, polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) composites containing nanomagnetite particles were developed for electromagnetic shielding. The nanomagnetite particles acted not only as a conductive filler but also as a reinforced agent and compatibilizer for PLA/PBAT blends. The effect of surface treatments by the silicon coupling agent (SCA) under different pH conditions and with other substances (silica and dopamine (DA)) were investigated in particular. The composites were prepared by thermal mixing and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTRI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transparency electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile testing. The results show that the interface between the PBAT spheres and the PLA matrix was improved after the addition of magnetite particles treated with SCA or PDA. It is interesting to find that under acidic conditions, SCA acted more efficiently due to the chemical reaction of SCA with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the magnetite particles, which resulted in chemical improvement. Tensile strength increased about 20%, while elongation also increased about 15%. The fracture surface under SEM clearly showed plastic deformation, which contributed to an improvement in mechanical properties, especially toughness.
{"title":"Effect of Surface Treatment of Nano-Magnetite Particles on PLA/PBAT Composites","authors":"L. Zhang, Wenbo Wang, Kun Li, Jingbo Chen, Yunlong Xu, Zhibo Zhao, Yanan Li, Long Yu","doi":"10.3390/jcs9110592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9110592","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) composites containing nanomagnetite particles were developed for electromagnetic shielding. The nanomagnetite particles acted not only as a conductive filler but also as a reinforced agent and compatibilizer for PLA/PBAT blends. The effect of surface treatments by the silicon coupling agent (SCA) under different pH conditions and with other substances (silica and dopamine (DA)) were investigated in particular. The composites were prepared by thermal mixing and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTRI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transparency electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile testing. The results show that the interface between the PBAT spheres and the PLA matrix was improved after the addition of magnetite particles treated with SCA or PDA. It is interesting to find that under acidic conditions, SCA acted more efficiently due to the chemical reaction of SCA with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the magnetite particles, which resulted in chemical improvement. Tensile strength increased about 20%, while elongation also increased about 15%. The fracture surface under SEM clearly showed plastic deformation, which contributed to an improvement in mechanical properties, especially toughness.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"9 11","pages":"592-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/9/11/592/pdf?version=1761990756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel lignin-based magnetic composite with a shell-and-core structure and high saturated magnetic strength has been developed for the efficient removal of Pb(II) from wastewater. The adsorbent was fabricated through the introduction of silica–amino groups and a cross-linking complex with lignin, utilizing Fe-Fe2O3 as a magnetic source. The paramagnetic characteristics enabled its rapid separation from the aqueous solution within merely 15 s. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorbents could reach equilibrium for Pb(II) adsorption within 30 min. When the concentration of Pb(II) is in the low range of 0 to 200 mg/L, the removal rate of Pb(II) approaches 100%, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 384.2 mg/g. The mechanism analysis indicated that the adsorption process was primarily characterized as monolayer chemisorption. Notably, the resultant bio-composites demonstrated a high level of stability even after eight consecutive adsorption and desorption cycles, with the removal rate of Pb(II) still reaching 82.3%. This work outlines a novel approach for designing highly efficient lignin-derived adsorbents toward wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Highly Stable Lignin-Based Magnetic Composites for Efficient Removal of Pb(II) from Wastewater","authors":"Zhihong Ren, Xiaoying Li, Yanqing Zhao, Yongsheng Li, Qiang Wang, Jie-Ping Jia, Julio Sánchez, Kairuo Zhu, Shangru Zhai, Ling‐Ping Xiao, Run‐Cang Sun","doi":"10.3390/jcs9050223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9050223","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel lignin-based magnetic composite with a shell-and-core structure and high saturated magnetic strength has been developed for the efficient removal of Pb(II) from wastewater. The adsorbent was fabricated through the introduction of silica–amino groups and a cross-linking complex with lignin, utilizing Fe-Fe2O3 as a magnetic source. The paramagnetic characteristics enabled its rapid separation from the aqueous solution within merely 15 s. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorbents could reach equilibrium for Pb(II) adsorption within 30 min. When the concentration of Pb(II) is in the low range of 0 to 200 mg/L, the removal rate of Pb(II) approaches 100%, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 384.2 mg/g. The mechanism analysis indicated that the adsorption process was primarily characterized as monolayer chemisorption. Notably, the resultant bio-composites demonstrated a high level of stability even after eight consecutive adsorption and desorption cycles, with the removal rate of Pb(II) still reaching 82.3%. This work outlines a novel approach for designing highly efficient lignin-derived adsorbents toward wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"9 5","pages":"223-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/9/5/223/pdf?version=1746003280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the effect of different monomer compositions of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the synthesis and expansion performance of thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs). TEMs with different monomer ratios, specifically AN to MMA ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30, were synthesized via free radical suspension polymerization. The inner morphology, crystallinity, blowing agent encapsulation efficiency, and expansion ratio of the microspheres were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and other characterization techniques. The results showed that as the MMA content and reaction time increased, the internal structure of the microsphere shell became more uniform, and its thickness increased. Notably, the P(AN:MMA)(90:10) microspheres exhibited the lowest expansion temperature and the highest expansion ratio. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further optimization of TEM synthesis processes.
{"title":"Effect of Monomer Composition on the Core–Shell Structure and Expansion Performance of Thermally Expandable Microspheres","authors":"Deli Yang, Yanxiang Wang, Yanqiu Feng, Haotian Jiang, Yongbo Wang, Shichao Dai, B.Z. Ding, Yue Sun, Jinghe Guo, Yue Sun, Jinghe Guo","doi":"10.3390/jcs9040163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9040163","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of different monomer compositions of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the synthesis and expansion performance of thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs). TEMs with different monomer ratios, specifically AN to MMA ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30, were synthesized via free radical suspension polymerization. The inner morphology, crystallinity, blowing agent encapsulation efficiency, and expansion ratio of the microspheres were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and other characterization techniques. The results showed that as the MMA content and reaction time increased, the internal structure of the microsphere shell became more uniform, and its thickness increased. Notably, the P(AN:MMA)(90:10) microspheres exhibited the lowest expansion temperature and the highest expansion ratio. This study provides a theoretical basis for the further optimization of TEM synthesis processes.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"9 4","pages":"163-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/9/4/163/pdf?version=1743143245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Oya-Monzón, Dolores Eliche-Quesada, M. L. La Rubia
In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, this study used olive pruning sawdust (OTPS) instead of natural sand in the production of lightweight mortars. Different percentages of natural sand substitution were tested: 0, 10, 25, and 50% by volume of sand over 7 and 28 days of curing time. Additionally, the influence of a chemical pretreatment in an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide on the OTPS was also evaluated to mineralize the wood before its addition to the mortar mixture. Mortars with OTPS incorporations were characterized by volumetric shrinkage, bulk density, and capillary water absorption. Mechanical behavior was tested through compression and flexural tests. The addition of this byproduct decreased bulk density and increased mortar porosity. Pretreating olive pruning sawdust with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide was effective for wood mineralization, resulting in physical and mechanical properties superior to mortars without pretreatment. The results showed that a maximum addition of 10% by volume of OTPS treated with calcium hydroxide solution produced lighter mortars with similar mechanical properties to the control mortar. Adding higher amounts of pretreated olive pruning (25–50% by volume) led to a more pronounced deterioration of mechanical properties.
{"title":"Effect of the Incorporation of Olive Tree Pruning Sawdust in the Production of Lightweight Mortars","authors":"Marina Oya-Monzón, Dolores Eliche-Quesada, M. L. La Rubia","doi":"10.3390/jcs8050188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050188","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, this study used olive pruning sawdust (OTPS) instead of natural sand in the production of lightweight mortars. Different percentages of natural sand substitution were tested: 0, 10, 25, and 50% by volume of sand over 7 and 28 days of curing time. Additionally, the influence of a chemical pretreatment in an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide on the OTPS was also evaluated to mineralize the wood before its addition to the mortar mixture. Mortars with OTPS incorporations were characterized by volumetric shrinkage, bulk density, and capillary water absorption. Mechanical behavior was tested through compression and flexural tests. The addition of this byproduct decreased bulk density and increased mortar porosity. Pretreating olive pruning sawdust with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide was effective for wood mineralization, resulting in physical and mechanical properties superior to mortars without pretreatment. The results showed that a maximum addition of 10% by volume of OTPS treated with calcium hydroxide solution produced lighter mortars with similar mechanical properties to the control mortar. Adding higher amounts of pretreated olive pruning (25–50% by volume) led to a more pronounced deterioration of mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140963427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangelia Delli, Dimitrios Gkiliopoulos, Evangelia Vouvoudi, D. Bikiaris, Thomas Kehagias, Konstantinos Chrissafis
Random polypropylene is considered an alternative material to regular polypropylene for applications where improved impact and creep resistance, as well as stiffness, are required. Random polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with dimethyldichlorosilane-treated silica particles were prepared using meltmixing. The effect of varying the nanoparticles’ content on the structural, mechanical, damping and thermal behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated. The results indicated the improved deformation potential, fracture toughness, and energy storage capacity of the matrix with increasing the filler content. It was observed that the use of high filler fractions limited the reinforcing efficiency of the SiO2 nanoparticles due to the formation of large agglomerates. The nanoparticles’ segregation was initially advised by modeling Young’s modulus but was also confirmed by electron imaging. Examination of the thermal properties of the nanocomposites indicated the limited effect of the nanoparticles on the melting behavior along with the thermal stability of the matrix. These results confirmed the usage of silica nanoparticles as a way of further improving the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of random polypropylene.
{"title":"Influence of Silica Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of Random Polypropylene","authors":"Evangelia Delli, Dimitrios Gkiliopoulos, Evangelia Vouvoudi, D. Bikiaris, Thomas Kehagias, Konstantinos Chrissafis","doi":"10.3390/jcs8050186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050186","url":null,"abstract":"Random polypropylene is considered an alternative material to regular polypropylene for applications where improved impact and creep resistance, as well as stiffness, are required. Random polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with dimethyldichlorosilane-treated silica particles were prepared using meltmixing. The effect of varying the nanoparticles’ content on the structural, mechanical, damping and thermal behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated. The results indicated the improved deformation potential, fracture toughness, and energy storage capacity of the matrix with increasing the filler content. It was observed that the use of high filler fractions limited the reinforcing efficiency of the SiO2 nanoparticles due to the formation of large agglomerates. The nanoparticles’ segregation was initially advised by modeling Young’s modulus but was also confirmed by electron imaging. Examination of the thermal properties of the nanocomposites indicated the limited effect of the nanoparticles on the melting behavior along with the thermal stability of the matrix. These results confirmed the usage of silica nanoparticles as a way of further improving the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of random polypropylene.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introducing fillers into polymeric materials is one of the methods of modifying the properties or reducing the costs of polymeric materials. Thanks to their use, it is possible to obtain new materials with interesting mechanical and chemical properties. Some features are often improved among the new materials obtained, while others deteriorate. In this work, an attempt was made to obtain a polymer composite based on PLA filled with cork flour in amounts of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% by weight. The processing and sample preparation process using injection molding technology was assessed and the basic mechanical properties were assessed. The research shows that it is possible to obtain PLA products with a cork filler without the mixing process on an extruder, but only by using an injection molding machine and appropriately selecting the parameters of the technological process. Tests of mechanical properties showed deterioration of parameters, but not to such an extent that the obtained composites were disqualified from use in products that are not subject to heavy mechanical loads. The undoubted advantage of the obtained materials is maintaining their so-called “green” character and thus the ability to biodegrade.
{"title":"Properties of Composites Based on Polylactide Filled with Cork Filler","authors":"M. Fabijański","doi":"10.3390/jcs8050185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050185","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing fillers into polymeric materials is one of the methods of modifying the properties or reducing the costs of polymeric materials. Thanks to their use, it is possible to obtain new materials with interesting mechanical and chemical properties. Some features are often improved among the new materials obtained, while others deteriorate. In this work, an attempt was made to obtain a polymer composite based on PLA filled with cork flour in amounts of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% by weight. The processing and sample preparation process using injection molding technology was assessed and the basic mechanical properties were assessed. The research shows that it is possible to obtain PLA products with a cork filler without the mixing process on an extruder, but only by using an injection molding machine and appropriately selecting the parameters of the technological process. Tests of mechanical properties showed deterioration of parameters, but not to such an extent that the obtained composites were disqualified from use in products that are not subject to heavy mechanical loads. The undoubted advantage of the obtained materials is maintaining their so-called “green” character and thus the ability to biodegrade.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Almerich-Chulia, Pedro Martin-Concepcion, J. Moreno-Puchalt, J. Molines-Cano
Fire engineering endeavours to mitigate injury or the loss of life in the event of a fire. This is achieved primarily through fire prevention, containment, and extinguishment measures. Should prevention fail, the structural integrity of buildings, coupled with effective evacuation strategies, becomes paramount. While glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials have demonstrated efficacy in reinforcing concrete elements, their performance under fire conditions, notably in comparison to steel, necessitates a deeper understanding for structural applications. This study experimentally and numerically investigates the fire performance of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to only fire load without additional external loads. The research aims to ascertain the fire resistance based on the thickness of the concrete coating and the ultimate tensile strength of GFRP rebars after 90 min of fire exposure. Four GFRP-RC columns were subjected to a standardized fire curve on all sides in the experimental program. In the analytical program, a theoretical model was developed using the heat transfer module of the COMSOL software. The results of both analyses were very close, indicating the reliability of the procedure used. Based on the findings, recommendations regarding the fire resistance of GFRP-RC columns were formulated for structural applications. Results from this research provide the civil engineering community with data that will help them continue using FRP materials as internal reinforcement for concrete.
{"title":"Analytical and Experimental Behaviour of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns under Fire Loading","authors":"Ana Almerich-Chulia, Pedro Martin-Concepcion, J. Moreno-Puchalt, J. Molines-Cano","doi":"10.3390/jcs8050187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050187","url":null,"abstract":"Fire engineering endeavours to mitigate injury or the loss of life in the event of a fire. This is achieved primarily through fire prevention, containment, and extinguishment measures. Should prevention fail, the structural integrity of buildings, coupled with effective evacuation strategies, becomes paramount. While glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials have demonstrated efficacy in reinforcing concrete elements, their performance under fire conditions, notably in comparison to steel, necessitates a deeper understanding for structural applications. This study experimentally and numerically investigates the fire performance of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to only fire load without additional external loads. The research aims to ascertain the fire resistance based on the thickness of the concrete coating and the ultimate tensile strength of GFRP rebars after 90 min of fire exposure. Four GFRP-RC columns were subjected to a standardized fire curve on all sides in the experimental program. In the analytical program, a theoretical model was developed using the heat transfer module of the COMSOL software. The results of both analyses were very close, indicating the reliability of the procedure used. Based on the findings, recommendations regarding the fire resistance of GFRP-RC columns were formulated for structural applications. Results from this research provide the civil engineering community with data that will help them continue using FRP materials as internal reinforcement for concrete.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"53 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Yusuf Bin Salim, A. Farokhi Nejad, Mohd Yazid Yahya, T. Dickhut, S. R. Rahimian Koloor
Hybrid composite materials have been widely used to advance the mechanical responses of fiber-reinforced composites by utilizing different types of fibers and fillers in a single polymeric matrix. This study incorporated three types of fibers: basalt woven fiber and steel (AISI304) wire meshes with densities of 100 and 200. These fibers were mixed with epoxy resin to generate plain composite laminates. Three fundamental mechanical tests (tensile, compression, and shear) were conducted according to the corresponding ASTM standards to characterize the steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites used as plain composite laminates. To investigate the flexural behavior of the hybrid laminates, various layer configurations and thickness ratios were examined using a design of experiments (DoE) matrix. Hybrid samples were chosen for flexural testing, and the same procedure was employed to develop a finite element (FE) model. Material properties from the initial mechanical testing procedure were integrated into plain and hybrid composite laminate simulations. The second FE model simulated the behavior of hybrid laminates under flexural loading; this was validated through experimental data. The results underwent statistical analysis, highlighting the optimal configuration of hybrid composite laminates in terms of flexural strength and modulus; we found an increase of up to 25% in comparison with the plain composites. This research provides insights into the potential improvements offered by hybrid composite laminates, generating numerical models for predicting various laminate configurations produced using hybrid steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites.
{"title":"Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Steel Wire Mesh/Basalt/Epoxy Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Laminates","authors":"Mohamad Yusuf Bin Salim, A. Farokhi Nejad, Mohd Yazid Yahya, T. Dickhut, S. R. Rahimian Koloor","doi":"10.3390/jcs8050184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8050184","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid composite materials have been widely used to advance the mechanical responses of fiber-reinforced composites by utilizing different types of fibers and fillers in a single polymeric matrix. This study incorporated three types of fibers: basalt woven fiber and steel (AISI304) wire meshes with densities of 100 and 200. These fibers were mixed with epoxy resin to generate plain composite laminates. Three fundamental mechanical tests (tensile, compression, and shear) were conducted according to the corresponding ASTM standards to characterize the steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites used as plain composite laminates. To investigate the flexural behavior of the hybrid laminates, various layer configurations and thickness ratios were examined using a design of experiments (DoE) matrix. Hybrid samples were chosen for flexural testing, and the same procedure was employed to develop a finite element (FE) model. Material properties from the initial mechanical testing procedure were integrated into plain and hybrid composite laminate simulations. The second FE model simulated the behavior of hybrid laminates under flexural loading; this was validated through experimental data. The results underwent statistical analysis, highlighting the optimal configuration of hybrid composite laminates in terms of flexural strength and modulus; we found an increase of up to 25% in comparison with the plain composites. This research provides insights into the potential improvements offered by hybrid composite laminates, generating numerical models for predicting various laminate configurations produced using hybrid steel wire mesh/basalt/epoxy FRP composites.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"120 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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