J. Hernández‐Fernández, Jaime Pérez-Mendoza, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
In polypropylene/polyethylene composite (C-PP/PE) production, stabilizing additives such as Irgafos P-168 are essential as antioxidant agents. In this study, an investigation was carried out that covers different solid–liquid extraction methods (Soxhlet, ultrasound, and microwaves); various variables were evaluated, such as temperature, extraction time, the choice of solvents, and the type of C-PP/PE used, and the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to quantify the presence of Irgafos P-168 in the C-PP/PE samples. The results revealed that microwave extraction was the most effective in recovering Irgafos P-168. A recovery of 96.7% was achieved when using dichloromethane as a solvent, and 92.83% was achieved when using limonene as a solvent. The ultrasound technique recovered 91.74% using dichloromethane and 89.71% using limonene. The Soxhlet extraction method showed the lowest recovery percentages of 57.39% using dichloromethane as a solvent and 55.76% with limonene, especially when the C-PP/PE was in the form of pellets. The degradation products that obtained the highest degradation percentages were Bis (di-test-butyl phenyl) phosphate and Mono (di-test-butyl phenyl) phosphate using the microwave method with dichloromethane as a solvent and PP in film. Finally, the possible mechanisms for forming the degradation compounds of Irgafos P-168 were postulated.
{"title":"Quantification of Irgafos P-168 and Degradative Profile in Samples of a Polypropylene/Polyethylene Composite Using Microwave, Ultrasound and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques","authors":"J. Hernández‐Fernández, Jaime Pérez-Mendoza, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040156","url":null,"abstract":"In polypropylene/polyethylene composite (C-PP/PE) production, stabilizing additives such as Irgafos P-168 are essential as antioxidant agents. In this study, an investigation was carried out that covers different solid–liquid extraction methods (Soxhlet, ultrasound, and microwaves); various variables were evaluated, such as temperature, extraction time, the choice of solvents, and the type of C-PP/PE used, and the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to quantify the presence of Irgafos P-168 in the C-PP/PE samples. The results revealed that microwave extraction was the most effective in recovering Irgafos P-168. A recovery of 96.7% was achieved when using dichloromethane as a solvent, and 92.83% was achieved when using limonene as a solvent. The ultrasound technique recovered 91.74% using dichloromethane and 89.71% using limonene. The Soxhlet extraction method showed the lowest recovery percentages of 57.39% using dichloromethane as a solvent and 55.76% with limonene, especially when the C-PP/PE was in the form of pellets. The degradation products that obtained the highest degradation percentages were Bis (di-test-butyl phenyl) phosphate and Mono (di-test-butyl phenyl) phosphate using the microwave method with dichloromethane as a solvent and PP in film. Finally, the possible mechanisms for forming the degradation compounds of Irgafos P-168 were postulated.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"104 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates a sustainable coating method for modified expanded polystyrene (MEPS) beads to improve the thermal insulation of lightweight concrete intended for wall application. The method employed in this study is based on a novel coating technique that represents a significant advancement in modifying Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads for enhanced lightweight concrete. This study experimentally assessed the energy-saving capabilities of MEPS concrete in comparison to control groups of uncoated EPS beads and normal concrete by analysing early-stage temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, heat flux, and thermal diffusivity. The thermal conductivity of MEPS concrete is approximately 40% lower than that of normal concrete, demonstrating its usefulness in enhancing insulation. The heat flux calculated for MEPS concrete is significantly reduced (approximately 35%), and it has a 20% lower specific heat capacity than ordinary concrete, indicating a reduction in energy transfer through the material and, thus, potential energy-efficiency benefits. Furthermore, the study discovered that all test objects have very low thermal diffusivity values (less than 0.5 × 10−6 m2/s), indicating a slower heat transport through the material. The sustainable coating method utilized fly ash-enhanced thermal efficiency and employed recycled materials, hence decreasing the environmental impact. MEPS concrete provides a practical option for creating sustainable and comfortable buildings through the promotion of energy-efficient wall construction. Concrete incorporating coated EPS can be a viable option for constructing walls where there is a need to balance structural integrity and adequate insulation.
{"title":"Enhancing Sustainability in Construction: Investigating the Thermal Advantages of Fly Ash-Coated Expanded Polystyrene Lightweight Concrete","authors":"A. Wibowo, M. Saidani, M. Khorami","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040157","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates a sustainable coating method for modified expanded polystyrene (MEPS) beads to improve the thermal insulation of lightweight concrete intended for wall application. The method employed in this study is based on a novel coating technique that represents a significant advancement in modifying Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads for enhanced lightweight concrete. This study experimentally assessed the energy-saving capabilities of MEPS concrete in comparison to control groups of uncoated EPS beads and normal concrete by analysing early-stage temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, heat flux, and thermal diffusivity. The thermal conductivity of MEPS concrete is approximately 40% lower than that of normal concrete, demonstrating its usefulness in enhancing insulation. The heat flux calculated for MEPS concrete is significantly reduced (approximately 35%), and it has a 20% lower specific heat capacity than ordinary concrete, indicating a reduction in energy transfer through the material and, thus, potential energy-efficiency benefits. Furthermore, the study discovered that all test objects have very low thermal diffusivity values (less than 0.5 × 10−6 m2/s), indicating a slower heat transport through the material. The sustainable coating method utilized fly ash-enhanced thermal efficiency and employed recycled materials, hence decreasing the environmental impact. MEPS concrete provides a practical option for creating sustainable and comfortable buildings through the promotion of energy-efficient wall construction. Concrete incorporating coated EPS can be a viable option for constructing walls where there is a need to balance structural integrity and adequate insulation.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"125 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional resistance spot welding (RSW) has been unsuccessful in forming quality composite joints between steel– or aluminum–polymer-based composites. This has led to the development of spot welding variants such as friction stir spot welding (FFSW), ultrasonic spot welding (USW), and laser spot welding (LSW). The paper reviewed the differences in the bonding mechanisms, spot weld characteristics, and challenges involved in using these spot welding variants. Variants of RSW use series electrode arrangement, co-axial electrodes, metallic inserts, interlayers, or external energy to produce composite joints. FFSW and USW use nanoparticles, interlayers, or energy directors to create composite spot welds. Mechanical interlocking is the common composite joint mechanism for all variants. Each spot welding variant has different sets of weld parameters and distinct spot weld morphologies. FFSW is the most expensive variant but is commonly used for composite spot weld joints. USW has a shorter welding cycle compared to RSW and FFSW but can only be used for small components. LSW is faster than the other variants, but limited work was found on its use in composite spot weld joining. The use of interlayers in FFSW and USW to form composite joints is a potential research area recommended in this review.
{"title":"A Review on the Recent Trends in Forming Composite Joints Using Spot Welding Variants","authors":"Aravinthan Arumugam, A. Pramanik","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040155","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional resistance spot welding (RSW) has been unsuccessful in forming quality composite joints between steel– or aluminum–polymer-based composites. This has led to the development of spot welding variants such as friction stir spot welding (FFSW), ultrasonic spot welding (USW), and laser spot welding (LSW). The paper reviewed the differences in the bonding mechanisms, spot weld characteristics, and challenges involved in using these spot welding variants. Variants of RSW use series electrode arrangement, co-axial electrodes, metallic inserts, interlayers, or external energy to produce composite joints. FFSW and USW use nanoparticles, interlayers, or energy directors to create composite spot welds. Mechanical interlocking is the common composite joint mechanism for all variants. Each spot welding variant has different sets of weld parameters and distinct spot weld morphologies. FFSW is the most expensive variant but is commonly used for composite spot weld joints. USW has a shorter welding cycle compared to RSW and FFSW but can only be used for small components. LSW is faster than the other variants, but limited work was found on its use in composite spot weld joining. The use of interlayers in FFSW and USW to form composite joints is a potential research area recommended in this review.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogel composites are pivotal in biomedical research, showing promise across various applications. This review aims to thoroughly examine their significance and versatile roles in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Key areas of investigation include integrating growth factor delivery systems, overcoming structural limitations in tissue engineering, exploring innovations in clinical applications, and addressing challenges in achieving bioactivity and biomechanical compatibility. Furthermore, the review will discuss controlled release mechanisms for drug delivery, advancements in biocompatibility and mechanical stability, recent progress in tissue regeneration and wound healing, and future prospects such as smart hydrogels, personalized treatments, and integration with wearable technology. Ultimately, the goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how hydrogel composites impact biomedical research and clinical practice.
{"title":"Hydrogel Composites for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications","authors":"Hamid Omidian, Arnavaz Akhzarmehr, Sumana Dey Chowdhury","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040154","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogel composites are pivotal in biomedical research, showing promise across various applications. This review aims to thoroughly examine their significance and versatile roles in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Key areas of investigation include integrating growth factor delivery systems, overcoming structural limitations in tissue engineering, exploring innovations in clinical applications, and addressing challenges in achieving bioactivity and biomechanical compatibility. Furthermore, the review will discuss controlled release mechanisms for drug delivery, advancements in biocompatibility and mechanical stability, recent progress in tissue regeneration and wound healing, and future prospects such as smart hydrogels, personalized treatments, and integration with wearable technology. Ultimately, the goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how hydrogel composites impact biomedical research and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanan Althikrallah, Ghayah M. Alsulaim, S. Alsharif, Kholoud M. Alnahdi
Photocatalysis is considered as simple, green, and the best strategy for elimination of hazardous organic contaminants from wastewater. Herein, new broad spectrum photocatalysts based on pure and Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composites were simply prepared by co-precipitation approach. The X-ray diffraction results proved the formation of a composite structure. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images displayed that most particles have a spherical shape with average mean sizes within 26–29 nm. The optical properties of both samples signified that the addition of Sm ions significantly improves the harvesting of the visible light spectrum of CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composites. The photocatalytic study confirmed that 97% of norfloxacin and 96% of methyl green pollutants were photo-degraded in the presence of the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 catalyst after 50 and 40 min, respectively. The total organic carbon analysis revealed the high mineralization efficiency of the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 catalyst to convert the norfloxacin and methyl green to carbon dioxide and water molecules. During three cycles, this catalyst presented a high removal efficiency for norfloxacin and methyl green contaminants. As a dielectric energy storage material, the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composite has large dielectric constant values, mainly at low frequencies, with low dielectric loss compared to a pure CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 composite.
光催化被认为是消除废水中有害有机污染物的简单、绿色和最佳策略。本文采用共沉淀法制备了基于纯铜和掺杂Sm的CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4三元复合材料的新型广谱光催化剂。X 射线衍射结果证明了复合结构的形成。透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像显示，大多数颗粒呈球形，平均尺寸在 26-29 nm 之间。两种样品的光学特性表明，Sm 离子的加入大大提高了 CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 三元复合材料对可见光光谱的捕获能力。光催化研究证实，在掺杂 Sm 的 CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 催化剂存在下，50 分钟和 40 分钟后，分别有 97% 的诺氟沙星和 96% 的甲基绿污染物被光降解。总有机碳分析表明，掺杂 Sm 的 CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 催化剂将诺氟沙星和甲基绿转化为二氧化碳和水分子的矿化效率很高。在三个循环过程中，这种催化剂对诺氟沙星和甲基绿污染物的去除率很高。作为一种电介质储能材料，与纯 CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 复合材料相比，掺杂 Sm 的 CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 三元复合材料具有较大的介电常数值（主要在低频）和较低的介电损耗。
{"title":"Preparation of New Sm-Doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 Tri-Composite for Photoremoval of Dissolved Organic Waste and Dielectric-Energy Storage","authors":"Hanan Althikrallah, Ghayah M. Alsulaim, S. Alsharif, Kholoud M. Alnahdi","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040152","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalysis is considered as simple, green, and the best strategy for elimination of hazardous organic contaminants from wastewater. Herein, new broad spectrum photocatalysts based on pure and Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composites were simply prepared by co-precipitation approach. The X-ray diffraction results proved the formation of a composite structure. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images displayed that most particles have a spherical shape with average mean sizes within 26–29 nm. The optical properties of both samples signified that the addition of Sm ions significantly improves the harvesting of the visible light spectrum of CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composites. The photocatalytic study confirmed that 97% of norfloxacin and 96% of methyl green pollutants were photo-degraded in the presence of the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 catalyst after 50 and 40 min, respectively. The total organic carbon analysis revealed the high mineralization efficiency of the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 catalyst to convert the norfloxacin and methyl green to carbon dioxide and water molecules. During three cycles, this catalyst presented a high removal efficiency for norfloxacin and methyl green contaminants. As a dielectric energy storage material, the Sm-doped CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 ternary composite has large dielectric constant values, mainly at low frequencies, with low dielectric loss compared to a pure CuO/ZnO/CuMn2O4 composite.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Chai, Jinze Wang, Thanh Kim Mai Dang, Mostafa Nikzad, B. Eisenbart, Bronwyn Fox
The Resin Transfer Moulding process receives great attention from both academia and industry, owing to its superior manufacturing rate and product quality. Particularly, the progression of its mould filling stage is crucial to ensure a complete reinforcement saturation. Contemporary process simulation methods focus primarily on physics-based approaches to model the complex resin permeation phenomenon, which are computationally expensive to solve. Thus, the application of machine learning and data-driven modelling approaches is of great interest to minimise the cost of process simulation. In this study, a comprehensive dataset consisting of mould filling patterns of the Resin Transfer Moulding process at different injection locations for a composite dashboard panel case study is presented. The problem description and significance of the dataset are outlined. The distribution of this comprehensive dataset aims to lower the barriers to entry for researching machine learning approaches in composite moulding applications, while concurrently providing a standardised baseline for evaluating newly developed algorithms and models in future research works.
{"title":"Comprehensive Composite Mould Filling Pattern Dataset for Process Modelling and Prediction","authors":"B. Chai, Jinze Wang, Thanh Kim Mai Dang, Mostafa Nikzad, B. Eisenbart, Bronwyn Fox","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040153","url":null,"abstract":"The Resin Transfer Moulding process receives great attention from both academia and industry, owing to its superior manufacturing rate and product quality. Particularly, the progression of its mould filling stage is crucial to ensure a complete reinforcement saturation. Contemporary process simulation methods focus primarily on physics-based approaches to model the complex resin permeation phenomenon, which are computationally expensive to solve. Thus, the application of machine learning and data-driven modelling approaches is of great interest to minimise the cost of process simulation. In this study, a comprehensive dataset consisting of mould filling patterns of the Resin Transfer Moulding process at different injection locations for a composite dashboard panel case study is presented. The problem description and significance of the dataset are outlined. The distribution of this comprehensive dataset aims to lower the barriers to entry for researching machine learning approaches in composite moulding applications, while concurrently providing a standardised baseline for evaluating newly developed algorithms and models in future research works.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Injection moulding (IM) is a manufacturing technique used to produce intricately detailed plastic components with various surface finishes, enabling the production of high-tolerance functional parts at scale. Conversely, stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing offers an alternative method for fabricating moulds with shorter lead times and reduced costs compared to conventional manufacturing. However, fabrication in a layer-by-layer fashion results in anisotropic properties and noticeable layer lines, known as the stair-step effect. This study investigates post-processing techniques for plaques with contrasting stair-step effects fabricated from commercially available SLA high-temperature resin, aiming to assess their suitability for IM applications. The results reveal that annealing significantly enhances part hardness and heat deflection temperature (HDT), albeit with a trade-off involving reduced flexural strength. Experimental findings indicate that the optimal stage for abrasive surface treatment is after UV curing and before annealing. Plaques exhibiting contrasting stair-step effects are characterized and evaluated for weight loss, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness. The results demonstrate that abrasive blasting effectively removes the stair-step effect without compromising geometry while achieving polished surface finishes with roughness average (RA) values of 0.1 μm through sanding. Overall, a combination of abrasive blasting and sanding proves capable of precisely defining surface roughness without significant geometry loss, offering a viable approach to achieving traditional IM finishes suitable for both functional and aesthetic purposes.
注塑成型（IM）是一种制造技术，用于生产具有各种表面光洁度的复杂精细的塑料部件，从而实现高精度功能部件的规模化生产。与此相反，立体光刻（SLA）三维（3D）打印为模具制造提供了另一种方法，与传统制造方法相比，它能缩短交付周期并降低成本。然而，逐层制造会导致各向异性和明显的层纹，即所谓的阶梯效应。本研究调查了用市售 SLA 高温树脂制造的具有对比阶梯效应的斑块的后处理技术，旨在评估它们是否适合即时通讯应用。结果表明，退火可显著提高部件硬度和热变形温度（HDT），但同时也会降低抗弯强度。实验结果表明，磨料表面处理的最佳阶段是在紫外线固化之后和退火之前。对表现出截然不同的阶梯效应的斑块进行了表征，并对重量损失、尺寸精度和表面粗糙度进行了评估。结果表明，喷砂能有效消除阶梯效应，同时不影响几何形状，通过打磨还能获得粗糙度平均值（RA）为 0.1 μm 的抛光表面。总之，喷砂和打磨相结合的方法证明能够精确界定表面粗糙度，而不会造成明显的几何形状损失，为实现既适合功能又美观的传统 IM 饰面提供了一种可行的方法。
{"title":"Post-Process Considerations for Photopolymer 3D-Printed Injection Moulded Insert Tooling Applications","authors":"Gavin Keane, Andrew V. Healy, D. Devine","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040151","url":null,"abstract":"Injection moulding (IM) is a manufacturing technique used to produce intricately detailed plastic components with various surface finishes, enabling the production of high-tolerance functional parts at scale. Conversely, stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printing offers an alternative method for fabricating moulds with shorter lead times and reduced costs compared to conventional manufacturing. However, fabrication in a layer-by-layer fashion results in anisotropic properties and noticeable layer lines, known as the stair-step effect. This study investigates post-processing techniques for plaques with contrasting stair-step effects fabricated from commercially available SLA high-temperature resin, aiming to assess their suitability for IM applications. The results reveal that annealing significantly enhances part hardness and heat deflection temperature (HDT), albeit with a trade-off involving reduced flexural strength. Experimental findings indicate that the optimal stage for abrasive surface treatment is after UV curing and before annealing. Plaques exhibiting contrasting stair-step effects are characterized and evaluated for weight loss, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness. The results demonstrate that abrasive blasting effectively removes the stair-step effect without compromising geometry while achieving polished surface finishes with roughness average (RA) values of 0.1 μm through sanding. Overall, a combination of abrasive blasting and sanding proves capable of precisely defining surface roughness without significant geometry loss, offering a viable approach to achieving traditional IM finishes suitable for both functional and aesthetic purposes.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"29 S105","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defang Tian, V. Alexenko, Sergey V. Panin, A. Bogdanov, D. Buslovich
To estimate the possibility of using both low-melting TecaPEI and neat PEI films as energy directors (EDs) for ultrasonic welding (USW) of carbon fiber (CF) fabric–polyetherimide (PEI) laminates, some patterns of structure formation and mechanical properties of their lap joints were investigated by varying the process parameters. The experiment was planned by the Taguchi method with the L9 orthogonal matrix. Based on the obtained results, USW parameters were optimized accounting for maintaining the structural integrity of the joined components and improving their functional characteristics. The use of the low-melting EDTecaPEI film enabled US-welding the laminates with minimal damage to the fusion zone, and the achieved lap shear strength (LSS) values of ~7.6 MPa were low. The use of EDSolverPEI excluded thermal degradation of the components as well as damage to the fusion zone, and improved LSS values to 21 MPa. With the use of digital image correlation (DIC) and computed tomography (CT) techniques, the structural factors affecting the deformation behavior of the USW lap joints were justified. A scheme was proposed that established the relationship between structural factors and the deformation response of the USW lap joints under static tension. The TecaPEI film can be used in USW procedures when very high interlayer adhesion properties are not on demand.
{"title":"Effect of the Energy Director Material on the Structure and Properties of Ultrasonic Welded Lap Joints of PEI Plates with CF Fabric/PEI Prepreg","authors":"Defang Tian, V. Alexenko, Sergey V. Panin, A. Bogdanov, D. Buslovich","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040150","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the possibility of using both low-melting TecaPEI and neat PEI films as energy directors (EDs) for ultrasonic welding (USW) of carbon fiber (CF) fabric–polyetherimide (PEI) laminates, some patterns of structure formation and mechanical properties of their lap joints were investigated by varying the process parameters. The experiment was planned by the Taguchi method with the L9 orthogonal matrix. Based on the obtained results, USW parameters were optimized accounting for maintaining the structural integrity of the joined components and improving their functional characteristics. The use of the low-melting EDTecaPEI film enabled US-welding the laminates with minimal damage to the fusion zone, and the achieved lap shear strength (LSS) values of ~7.6 MPa were low. The use of EDSolverPEI excluded thermal degradation of the components as well as damage to the fusion zone, and improved LSS values to 21 MPa. With the use of digital image correlation (DIC) and computed tomography (CT) techniques, the structural factors affecting the deformation behavior of the USW lap joints were justified. A scheme was proposed that established the relationship between structural factors and the deformation response of the USW lap joints under static tension. The TecaPEI film can be used in USW procedures when very high interlayer adhesion properties are not on demand.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"92 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) find extensive use across diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace, marine, and electronics, owing to their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. However, their limited wear resistance poses a challenge for applications requiring high tribological performance. Abrasive wear emerges as the predominant form of wear encountered by AMCs in various industrial settings, prompting significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their wear resistance. Over the past decades, extensive research has investigated the influence of various reinforcements on the abrasive wear behavior of AMCs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the impact of different variables on the wear and tribological response of aluminum composites. This review explores possible wear mechanisms across various tribosystems, providing examples drawn from the analysis of existing literature. Through detailed discussions on the effects of each variable, conclusions are drawn to offer insights into optimizing the wear performance of AMCs.
{"title":"A Review on Abrasive Wear of Aluminum Composites: Mechanisms and Influencing Factors","authors":"N. Valizade, Zoheir Farhat","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040149","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) find extensive use across diverse industries such as automotive, aerospace, marine, and electronics, owing to their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. However, their limited wear resistance poses a challenge for applications requiring high tribological performance. Abrasive wear emerges as the predominant form of wear encountered by AMCs in various industrial settings, prompting significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their wear resistance. Over the past decades, extensive research has investigated the influence of various reinforcements on the abrasive wear behavior of AMCs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the impact of different variables on the wear and tribological response of aluminum composites. This review explores possible wear mechanisms across various tribosystems, providing examples drawn from the analysis of existing literature. Through detailed discussions on the effects of each variable, conclusions are drawn to offer insights into optimizing the wear performance of AMCs.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study addresses the global plastic waste crisis and the urban heat island effect by developing an innovative solution: recycled plastic roof tiles embedded with phase change material (PCM) and coated with hollow-glass-microsphere-based white paint. The samples were fabricated with cow pie fibers, OM37 and OM42 PCM materials with different wt./vol. values, i.e., 15/50, 20/50, 25/50, 30/50 ratios. The fabricated tiles were coated with hollow glass microspheres to provide a reflective layer. The tiles’ effectiveness was evaluated through morphological examination and thermal analysis. The SEM analysis revealed an excellent bonding ability for the PCM blend, i.e., OM37 and OM42 at a 20/50 ratio (wt./vol.) with cow pie fibers. Adding cow pie fibers to the PCM shifted the melting points of OM37 and OM42, indicating an increased heat storage capacity in both blends. The thermal conductivity results revealed decreased thermal conductivity with an increased cow pie fiber percentage. The recycled plastic roof tile of the PCM composite at a 20/50 (wt./vol.) ratio showed good thermal properties. Upon testing in real-time conditions in a physical setup, the roof tiles showed a temperature reduction of 8 °C from outdoors to indoors during the peak of summer. In winter, cozy temperatures were maintained indoors due to the heat regulation from the roof.
{"title":"The Morphological and Thermal Characteristics of Hollow-Glass-Microsphere-Coated Phase Change Material–Cow Pie Embedded Recycled Plastic Tiles for Cool Roofs","authors":"S. Satya, P. S. Rama Sreekanth","doi":"10.3390/jcs8040148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040148","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the global plastic waste crisis and the urban heat island effect by developing an innovative solution: recycled plastic roof tiles embedded with phase change material (PCM) and coated with hollow-glass-microsphere-based white paint. The samples were fabricated with cow pie fibers, OM37 and OM42 PCM materials with different wt./vol. values, i.e., 15/50, 20/50, 25/50, 30/50 ratios. The fabricated tiles were coated with hollow glass microspheres to provide a reflective layer. The tiles’ effectiveness was evaluated through morphological examination and thermal analysis. The SEM analysis revealed an excellent bonding ability for the PCM blend, i.e., OM37 and OM42 at a 20/50 ratio (wt./vol.) with cow pie fibers. Adding cow pie fibers to the PCM shifted the melting points of OM37 and OM42, indicating an increased heat storage capacity in both blends. The thermal conductivity results revealed decreased thermal conductivity with an increased cow pie fiber percentage. The recycled plastic roof tile of the PCM composite at a 20/50 (wt./vol.) ratio showed good thermal properties. Upon testing in real-time conditions in a physical setup, the roof tiles showed a temperature reduction of 8 °C from outdoors to indoors during the peak of summer. In winter, cozy temperatures were maintained indoors due to the heat regulation from the roof.","PeriodicalId":502935,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Composites Science","volume":"107 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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