Gematologiya I Transfuziologiya最新文献

Transcobalamin II (TcII) level was studied in plasma of 40 children with acute leukemia. TcII is a cobalamin-binding protein which mediated the cellular uptake of Cbl and interacted with surface membrane receptor of hemopoietic cells. Plasma TcII and cobalofilins were analysed by PAGE using 57Co-cyanocobalamin. In addition, the mature human placenta with high specificity and affinity to TcII receptors was applied for TcII plasma identification. As compared to control, significant difference of TcII activity in the plasma of children with ALL was noted. There were children with low and high TcII concentration vs. control (484 +/- 42 and 1166 +/- 62, p > 0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to assay individually all the biochemical parameters of Cbl-transport system of children with ALL for adequate metabolic correction.

The authors investigated cellular and humoral immunity in 53 children over 3 years of age suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The children had remission lasting from 6 to 120 months and were followed up for 7-14 years after the diagnosis was made. The treatment was performed according to programs of polychemotherapy practiced in 1981-1988. In November of 1995 42 children were alive, 15 had the disease for 10 years. Lymphocytopenia (absolute number of T-cells and B-cells fell 3-5 and 2-3-fold, respectively) was reported in all the examinees both in early remission and later (6-12, 24-60, 60 and more months since the disease onset). In early remission there was a significant reduction in the serum IgG, IgA and IgM. In children with ALL lethal outcome serum IgM and absolute number of E-RFCa dropped in early remission more significantly indicating deep drug-induced depression of lymphocytopoiesis. After 5 years of treatment the pool of peripheral T-lymphocytes and T/B lymphocyte proportion changed for the best, though their absolute number was subnormal. Serum IgG, IgA and circulating immune complexes were 1.3-1.5 times higher than normal which may be explained by gastrointestinal pathology and food allergy in the majority of children treated.

Specialists from Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology have developed a modified method of defrosted red cells deglycerinization which implies 2 cycles of centrifugation and using small quantities (625 ml) of low-cost and available washing solutions of sodium chloride. Simple performance and cost efficacy of this method make red cell cryopreservation more convenient for practice.

The authors present results of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment with recombinant and leukocytic interferon in monotherapy and in combination with myelosan. The best responses (72% of complete hematological remissions) were obtained in patients pretreated with myelosan (one course of 1-1.5 months) in combination with natural antioxidants.

The success in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) treatment for the last 10 years has been referred to growing intensity of chemotherapy. The efficacy of treatment has been assessed in 56 patients under 60 years of age. Double induction of remission according to the scheme TAD-9 (2-day administration of cytosar) and consolidation by large-dose cytosar (1 g/m2) with rubomycin have increased the frequency of 2-year recurrence-free running from 13 to 35%. Resistance to treatment was absent. Maintenance prolonged total and recurrence-free survival. Mycosis and hepatitis were factors responsible for inadequate intensity of chemotherapy. These need more advanced prevention. The intensive double induction and consolidation did not raise general toxicity and immediate lethality compared to standard regimens which proved inferior to the proposed treatment.

Bone marrow films from 20 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 40 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were investigated using Ag-NOR staining. The control group comprised 12 donors. The activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in the whole population of megakaryocytes (MK) and in groups of MK with 1-3, 4-6, 7 and more lobules per nucleus was assessed. The division into groups made it possible to judge about NOR activity in MK with different ploidy. The MK with both high ploidy and high NOR activity in residual megakaryocytopoiesis in patients with ALL are associated with good response to chemotherapy and complete remission, whereas these with low ploidy and low NOR activity suggest poor prognosis. In patients with ANLL no stable correlation between NOR activity and prognosis was found.

In experiments on mice AKR the authors investigated the effects which could be produced by cyclic fasting on the mice survival. It was found that one of the variants of this fasting noticeably prolongs the survival of the animals. The proportion of the animals that died of acute lymphoid leukemia among other causes of death declined.