Gematologiya I Transfuziologiya最新文献

Fourteen cases of lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemia (AL) were studied for expression on blast cells of CD7 antigen, a cell surface marker found early during T lineage differentiation. This heterogenic group of CD7+ CD4-CD8- AL includes distinct cytological subvariants with: myeloid (AML MO, M1, M4, M5) and lymphoid (pre-T-cell) commitment, biphenotypic or mixed lineage AL and AL with minimal signs of blast cell differentiation, which appear not to follow lineage restriction. The latter subset of AL may represent the transformed counterpart of an early stem cell prior to lineage commitment.

Expression of new Mab D11 on blood and bone marrow cells was investigated in 85 hemoblastosis patients. In normals, antigen D11 is expressed on some monocytes and all tissue macrophages. D11 was noted on lymphoblasts of 5 out of 10 cases with B-cell ALL and of 1 case in B-lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. In T-ALL, ANLL, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in leukemization stage, hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphoid leukemia the cells were nonresponsive to Mab D11. Unlike D11 which have round nuclei, lymphoblasts D11+ have folded nuclei and more pronounced cytoplasmic basophilia. There were both B and myeloid antigens on D11+ blasts. ALL D11+ patients had extramedullary foci, more suppressed granulocytic and thrombocytic components of hemopoiesis, shorter remissions than those with ALL D11-.

The authors have found that in chronic B-cell lymphoid leukemia and splenic lymphocytoma the proportion of irregular nuclei diminishes, in some patients split nuclei emerged. The proportion of irregular nuclei in lymphocytoma is significantly higher than that in chronic leukemia. The above diseases are characterized by disordered position of mitochondria in relation to cell center and of this center against nuclear invaginations. Microvilli on the cell surface become less numerous. It is suggested that in chronic lymphoproliferative diseases cytoskeleton in tumor cells may undergo structural and functional alterations.

Aggregation and rheological properties of blood were evaluated in 20 atherosclerotic patients after cryoplasmosorption. The change of the patients' plasma for extracorporeally modified autoplasma reduced coagulation potential, enhanced fibrinolysis and suppressed anticoagulation systems. Clinical efficacy manifested in decreased frequency and duration of anginal episodes, intensity of intermittent claudication. Biochemically, cholesterol levels and atherogenic index lowering was evident.

The early stages of hemopoiesis repair as indicated by histologic examinations of trephine biopsy specimens (visual assessment and morphometry) are characterized in 39 patients with hemoblastoses, 33 of these with acute leukemia, 4 with chronic myeloleukemia, and 2 with lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, following transplantation of allogeneic (n = 19), syngeneic (n = 5), and autologous (n = 15) bone marrow after conditioning with cyclophosphamide plus total radiation exposure in 27 patients and myelosan with cyclophosphamide in 12 ones. Hemopoiesis repair was found to be slower after autologous transplantation of bone marrow than after allogeneic transplantation and in patients following conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total irradiation in comparison with those pretreated with myelosan and cyclophosphamide. Patients' age over 25, diagnosis of the disease more than 12 months before transplantation, and variant of leukemia (nonlymphoblastic) were the factors exerting negative influence on the rate of hemopoiesis recovery.

Plasmapheresis was applied in 10 patients given chemotherapy and radiation treatment for myelotoxic agranulocytosis. After 1-3 sessions the patients improved, recovered hemopoiesis and normal protein metabolism. Of 10 patients 9 survived.

The influence of tetra phorbol diesther (TPA) on primary blast cells of patients with acute leukemia and blastic crises of chronic myelogenous leukemia and the influence of the condition medium (CM) of the primary and TPA-treated blast cells on the proliferation of HL-60 cell line has been studied. The level of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in CM was tested. TPA inhibited proliferation and induced macrophage-like differentiation of primary AML blast cells and these changes were accompanied by modulation of IFN-alpha expression in CM. The effect of blast CM on proliferation of HL-60 was both inhibitory and stimulating and depended on the time of treatment and individual characteristics of patients. It has been shown that the level of IFN-alpha in CM was not correlated with antiproliferative effect of CM. The role of individual differences in capability of primary blast cells to be induced by differentiated agents and the nature of these differences are discussed.

It is shown that antigens of the peripheral nerve and immune complexes (IC) are able to induce platelet aggregation. The highest IC aggregation activity was seen in the excess of the antigens. Specific antiserum had no aggregation capacity, but IC produced in its participation displayed higher aggregation activity than free antigens. The involvement of antigens and IC of the peripheral nerve in impairment of platelet function is suggested.

T-cell immunity was assessed in 111 patients with subleukemic myelosis. In such patients with large tumor mass and leukemia exacerbation the amount of immunocompetent cells and their functional activity were reduced more prominently. Association of infection and inflammation promoted aggravation of initial immune deficiency.