Gematologiya I Transfuziologiya最新文献

Efficacy of splenectomy at initial stage of multimodality treatment of severe aplastic anemia was assessed in 25 patients aged 15-42. None of the patients achieved remission though there was a relief of hemorrhagic syndrome, diminished requirement in transfusion of donor platelets, a persistent rise in the counts of reticulocytes, leukocytes, absolute number of granulocytes in peripheral blood on postoperative days 14-21 and 60. All the patients were subsequently treated with immunodepressants.

A study of 11 immunogenetical blood systems (HLA-A, B C, DR; ABO; Rh-Hr; MNSs; Kidd; Kell-Chellano; Duffy; Lewis; Diego; Gm; Inv) involving 59 antigens was performed in patients of Armenian nationality with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM). Pathogenic associations of HLA, MNSs and Duffy systems with LGM were established. Positive correlations were found (p < 0.001) with HLA phenotypes DR-8, B-14, B-21, SS, Fy(a+b-). These phenotypes have significant correlation with LGM (RR = 4.7-2.1) and can be considered as genetic markers of LGM in the Armenian population.

Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, morphological and morphometric techniques as well as monoclonal antibodies to F VIII R:Ag endotheliocytes, CD2 and CD3 T-lymphocytes, CD1 and CD10 T-lymphoblasts, CD4 T helpers, CD8 and CD30 T-killers and activated lymphocytes were used to study blood microcirculation relationship to cellular immunity in lymph nodes regional to malignant tumor. It was established that on the one hand there was early activation of cellular immune reactions with high level of cytotoxic T-cells and enhanced lymphocyte recirculation via postcapillary venules, on the other side at later stages changes in the vascular wall and circulatory disorders develop in line with deposition of intra- and extravascular fibrin. This impedes lymphocyte recirculation and leads to a cut in the number of T-effectors enabling prevention of metastatic spread to the lymph nodes.

Populations of children living in the Bryansk territory (radionuclide contamination 0.2-63.9 Cu/km2) are characterized by heterogeneous blood counts, though relevant mean values are close to control. Mean cytochemical indices indicated a significant reduction in activity of point nonspecific esterase (NSEP), a marker of mature T-cells, in children from all the contaminated districts. Shifts in cytochemical blood lymphocytogram by NSEP test evidencing rejuvenascence of T-lymphocyte pool were recorded in 12-33% of children from different villages. A 10% decrease in NSEP suggested poor adaptation and feasibility of immunodeficiency. In one-third of children with low NSEP the number of lymphocytes with large-granular PAS reaction may reflect uneffective B-lymphopoiesis in these children. In two villages significantly contaminated with 137Cs and 90Sr half of the children had blood hemoglobin above 150 milligrams. Children from three villages exhibited a sharp rise in the number of lymphocytes with intensive-granular PAS reaction. These changes may be related to thyroid abnormalities. The number of children at risk of health deterioration grows with growing environmental contamination with 137Cs.

The authors show that when platelet count and potassium concentrations in ANLL patients correlate positively or do not correlate, there is a positive and negative correlation between survival and hemoglobin level (number of red cells), respectively. Clinically, it means that in certain conditions hemotransfusion of red cell mass may be useless or even harmful. In groups with different relationships between platelet count and blood potassium levels, other indicators also vary in interrelations. Thus, in the groups compared cholesterol concentration correlated differently with platelet number, hemoglobin and potassium concentrations. It is suggested that in certain conditions group correlation may be similar to individual (physiological) correlation of the signs. In situation when it is true, great methodological prospects are opened for quantitative description and investigation of physiological regularities.

Urinary system was examined in 35 hemophiliacs. 25 of them had in the past 2 to 6 episodes of hematuria. The examinees had also depressed cellular immunity. Their humoral immunity, on the contrary, was activated. In the absence of clinical and x-ray evidence of urinary abnormalities, renal affections were registered in 88.6% of the examinees. According to the data obtained all hemophiliacs suffer from unbalance of cellular and humoral immunity, abnormal clearance of immune complexes, probable renal damage. Therefore, it is desirable to make ultrasonic investigation of the kidneys in all hemophiliacs to check latent renal affection and take therapeutic measures.

To evaluate oxygen transport function of Hb in lymphoid sarcomas, 15 patients aged 16-63 were examined for Hb oxygen capacity, concentrations of fetal Hb and creatinin, basic ligands H+, CO2, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Oxy-Hb dissociation curves were plotted. The patients' blood contained HbF in elevated quantities, whereas red cells had high creatinin. This emphasizes the role of hemolysis in genesis of anemia in lymphosarcomas. 70% of the examinees retained normal Hb affinity to oxygen in vivo, in 30% this affinity exceeded the standard. Compensatory mechanism responsible for low Hb affinity to oxygen in this disease fails. Therefore lymphosarcoma patients with anemia need early replacement hemotransfusions.